EP0306743A2 - Soot filter process and soot filter device for a diesel engine - Google Patents

Soot filter process and soot filter device for a diesel engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0306743A2
EP0306743A2 EP88113462A EP88113462A EP0306743A2 EP 0306743 A2 EP0306743 A2 EP 0306743A2 EP 88113462 A EP88113462 A EP 88113462A EP 88113462 A EP88113462 A EP 88113462A EP 0306743 A2 EP0306743 A2 EP 0306743A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soot filter
filter device
combustion chamber
burner
soot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88113462A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0306743B1 (en
EP0306743A3 (en
Inventor
Elmar Goller
Heinrich Prof. Dr. Ing. Eickhoff
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV DFVLR
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Priority to AT88113462T priority Critical patent/ATE81887T1/en
Publication of EP0306743A2 publication Critical patent/EP0306743A2/en
Publication of EP0306743A3 publication Critical patent/EP0306743A3/en
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Publication of EP0306743B1 publication Critical patent/EP0306743B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soot filter device for a diesel engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • diesel engines produce soot, which should be filtered out of the exhaust gases.
  • Ceramic soot filters are being tested, which can absorb the soot from 5 to 8 hours of driving.
  • the filter must then be regenerated.
  • the regeneration is carried out by burning the soot particles with high exhaust gas temperatures of at least 600 ° C.
  • Such high exhaust gas temperatures are not available in diesel engines due to the high excess air.
  • Methods are currently being tested in which the filter device has its own burner. Because this burner does not counter the pulsating exhaust gas pressure of the diesel engine facilities are being tested, in which the filter is bridged by an additional silencer during regeneration.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a soot filter device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, in which the regeneration of the filter can be carried out during operation of the diesel engine without redirecting the engine exhaust.
  • soot filter device only a partial combustion of the fuel supplied takes place in the main combustion chamber of the burner with the aid of air that is forcibly fed in a certain volume flow, but without soot formation.
  • the unburned part of the fuel is fed together with the fuel gases to the afterburning chamber, where it burns due to the oxygen contained in the engine exhaust.
  • the first part of the combustion is carried out with external air supplied, and the engine exhaust gases are used only for post-combustion. Since compressed air is only supplied in substoichiometric amounts for the main combustion, the air requirement is relatively low.
  • the atomizer nozzle of the burner is preferably an annular nozzle provided with swirl elements.
  • This ring nozzle has an annular atomizing tongue, along which fuel passes along the inside, which is generated by the rotating air flow to form a flow cone is atomized. Reliable, stable combustion is achieved despite the pulsating back pressure and despite the lack of air by using such an "air atomizing nozzle". If all the air for the main combustion is supplied with a differential pressure of at least 10 mbar, an intensive mixture of fine fuel mist with the combustion air is obtained directly behind the nozzle. Together with the hot gas recirculation caused by the swirl elements of the atomizer nozzle, this leads to a combustion that is independent of the pressure pulsations.
  • the compressed air supplied to the burner can be taken from the compressed air system of the vehicle and fed to the atomizer nozzle via a nozzle operated with a supercritical pressure ratio.
  • Supercritical pressure ratio means that the air flows in the narrowest nozzle cross-section at least at the speed of sound. A burner output that is independent of the pressure pulsations of the engine exhaust gas can thus be operated.
  • the combustion air can be conveyed by a displacement fan.
  • the air mass flow is not or only slightly influenced by the back pressure of the diesel exhaust gas flow, and burner operation is ensured with an air flow rate unaffected by the pulsating engine pressure and thus unaffected burner output. If you couple the air compressor with the speed of the diesel engine and also deliver the fuel with a positive displacement pump, you get a speed-proportional mixture quantity control. If the speed of the diesel engine changes, the burner output adapts accordingly changed exhaust gas mass flow. This allows the temperature at the filter to be optimally maintained during regeneration.
  • the burner is so small that it can easily be installed in the filter housing and cooled with the engine exhaust gas by means of a heat exchanger.
  • the filter device shown in FIG. 1 has a cylindrical housing 10.
  • the housing 10 has a radial or tangential inlet 11 for the engine exhaust gases at one end and contains a ceramic filter 12 which takes up the entire housing cross section.
  • a ceramic filter 12 which takes up the entire housing cross section.
  • the outlet connection 13 At the other end of the housing 10 there is the outlet connection 13, through which the engine exhaust gases and combustion gases emerge from the housing.
  • the exhaust gas inlet 11 leads into an annular distributor chamber 14 which surrounds the main combustion chamber 15 of the burner 16.
  • the atomizing nozzle 17 is attached to the cover wall 18 of the nozzle housing 19. This cover wall 18 is flanged to the end wall of the housing 10 and delimits the main combustion chamber 15.
  • the fuel line 20 leads into the nozzle housing 19 and is connected directly to the atomizer nozzle 17.
  • the nozzle housing 19 also has an air inlet 21 through which compressed air is pressed into the interior of the nozzle housing. As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel line 20 leads through the interior of the nozzle body 17a and emerges from its end face.
  • numerous air-conducting swirl elements 23 in the form of wings are arranged on the flange-like end wall 22 of the nozzle body.
  • swirl elements 23 are inclined in the circumferential direction according to FIG. 3 and they taper towards the inner end.
  • the swirl elements 23 delimit channels 24 through which the radially inflowing air contains a peripheral component.
  • Each of the channels 24 decreases in cross section towards its inner end, so that the air in each channel 24 is increasingly accelerated.
  • the swirl elements 23 are arranged between the end wall 22 and a plate 25 running parallel to this end wall.
  • the end wall of the plate 25 facing away from the swirl elements 23 forms the boundary wall of a further nozzle space, which is also equipped with swirl elements 26 which are attached to the end face of a further plate 27.
  • the plate 27 runs parallel to the plate 25 and its swirl elements 26 are designed and arranged in the same way as the swirl elements 23 of the plate 22.
  • the air flowing laterally into the nozzle housing 19 through the compressed air inlet 21 is distributed in the interior of the nozzle housing and flows radially into the channels 24 between the swirl elements 23 and into the corresponding channels between the swirl elements 26.
  • the swirl elements give the air a swirl, i.e. a circular motion.
  • the plate 25 has an annular shape and its inner edge has the shape of an annular cutting edge 29 which projects axially in the flow direction and tapers towards the end.
  • the inner edge of the annular plate 27 is also bent axially in the flow direction and forms a conical ring 30 , which surrounds the cutting edge 29 at a radial distance.
  • the liquid fuel emerging from the tube 20a is caught by the rotating air stream and sprayed onto the inside of the cutting edge 29.
  • the cutting edge 29 is surrounded on both sides by rotating and axially moving air streams which tear off the fuel from the circular sharp tip of the cutting edge 29 and distribute it finely and evenly in droplet form.
  • the fuel droplets mix with the combustion air and together with it enter the tubular main combustion chamber 15.
  • ring-shaped flow rollers in which a part of the mixture flow is returned, arise in the main combustion chamber 15 and rotate around the longitudinal axis.
  • An electrode 31 is arranged in the main combustion chamber 15 to ignite the mixture.
  • the main combustion chamber 15 is delimited at the end facing away from the atomizer nozzle 17 by an annular wall 32 which forms an opening 33 for the exit of the fuel gases. At a distance behind the annular wall 32 there is an end wall 34 which delimits the space 35 located behind the main combustion chamber 15.
  • Heat exchanger fins 36 extend on the peripheral wall of the outside of the main combustion chamber 15 and extend to the end wall 34. Between these heat exchanger fins 36, the fuel gases flow radially out of the space 35 into the afterburning chamber 37, which is delimited at one end by the filter 12.
  • An annular passage 38 leads from the distribution chamber 14 to the heat exchanger fins 36.
  • the engine exhaust gases flow through the passage 38, along the heat exchanger fins 36, and are then mixed with the combustion gases to flow together into the afterburning chamber 37. From there, the hot gas mixture flows through the filter 12 to the outlet port 13.
  • the chamber 35 forms a cross-flow mixer 39 on its circumference, in which an intensive mixing of the gas flows takes place.
  • the compressed air inlet 21 contains a critically flowed nozzle 40, which is connected via a switching valve 41 to the compressed air collector 42 of the diesel engine DM.
  • the output shaft of the diesel engine drives (directly or via a reduction) a blower 43 which feeds the compressed air collector 42.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the compressed air supplied to the atomizing nozzle 17 is generated by a volumetric pump or displacement pump 45.
  • the positive displacement pump 45 is coupled via a clutch 46 to the output shaft 47 of the diesel engine DM (directly or via a gearbox).
  • the fuel is also fed to the fuel line 20 via a positive displacement pump 48 which is driven by the output shaft 47 of the diesel engine. Since the quantities of compressed air and fuel both vary depending on the engine speed, but their mutual ratio remains constant, the mixture quantity is controlled in proportion to the speed. As a result, the burner output always adapts to the changed exhaust gas flow when the speed of the diesel engine varies. This means that the temperature at the filter can be kept largely constant during regeneration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The soot is filtered out of the exhaust of a diesel engine by a ceramic soot filter 12. To regenerate the soot filter, the soot is burnt off with the aid of a burner 16 which has a swirl nozzle 17 which is supplied with fuel and air. The burner is operated with an overrich fuel/air mixture and a stable flame, burning without soot, is produced in the main combustion chamber 15. The combustion gases are mixed with the exhaust gases in a cross-flow mixer 39 and the residual fuel component is burnt off in an after-burning chamber 37, using the air contained in the exhaust gas. Regeneration can be carried out while the engine is running, without the pulsating engine pressure extinguishing the burner flame. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rußfiltervorrichtung für einen Dieselmotor nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentan­spruchs 1.The invention relates to a soot filter device for a diesel engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Dieselmotoren produzieren bei bestimmten Lastfällen Ruß, der aus den Abgasen ausgefiltert werden sollte. In Erprobung sind keramische Rußfilter, die den Ruß von 5 bis 8 Stunden Fahrbetrieb aufnehmen können. Danach muß das Filter regeneriert werden. Die Regenerierung er­folgt durch Verbrennung der Rußpartikel mit hohen Ab­gastemperaturen von mindestens 600° C. Derartig hohe Abgastemperaturen sind bei Dieselmotoren wegen des ho­hen Luftüberschusses nicht vorhanden. Derzeit sind Ver­fahren in Erprobung, bei denen die Filtervorrichtung einen eigenen Brenner aufweist. Da dieser Brenner gegen den pulsierenden Abgasdruck des Dieselmotors nicht anarbeiten kann, sind Einrichtungen in Erprobung, bei denen während der Regeneration das Filter über einen zusätzlichen Schalldämpfer überbrückt wird.In certain load cases, diesel engines produce soot, which should be filtered out of the exhaust gases. Ceramic soot filters are being tested, which can absorb the soot from 5 to 8 hours of driving. The filter must then be regenerated. The regeneration is carried out by burning the soot particles with high exhaust gas temperatures of at least 600 ° C. Such high exhaust gas temperatures are not available in diesel engines due to the high excess air. Methods are currently being tested in which the filter device has its own burner. Because this burner does not counter the pulsating exhaust gas pressure of the diesel engine facilities are being tested, in which the filter is bridged by an additional silencer during regeneration.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ruß­filtervorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Patentan­spruchs 1 angegebenen Art zu schaffen, bei der die Regeneration des Filters während des Betriebs des Dieselmotors ohne Umleitung der Motorabgase durchge­führt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a soot filter device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, in which the regeneration of the filter can be carried out during operation of the diesel engine without redirecting the engine exhaust.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 an­gegebenen Merkmalen.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Rußfiltervorrichtung erfolgt in der Hauptbrennkammer des Brenners eine nur teilweise Verbrennung des zugeführten Brennstoffs mit Hilfe von zwangsweise in einem bestimmten Mengenstrom zugeführter Luft, jedoch ohne Rußbildung. Der unverbrannte Teil des Brennstoffs wird zusammen mit den Brenngasen der Nach­brennkammer zugeführt, wo er durch den im Motorabgas enthaltenen Sauerstoff verbrennt. Der erste Teil der Verbrennung wird mit zugeführter externer Luft durch­geführt, und nur zur Nachverbrennung werden die Motor­abgase benutzt. Da Druckluft nur für die Hauptver­brennung in unterstöchiometrischer Menge zugeführt wird, ist der Luftbedarf relativ gering.In the soot filter device according to the invention, only a partial combustion of the fuel supplied takes place in the main combustion chamber of the burner with the aid of air that is forcibly fed in a certain volume flow, but without soot formation. The unburned part of the fuel is fed together with the fuel gases to the afterburning chamber, where it burns due to the oxygen contained in the engine exhaust. The first part of the combustion is carried out with external air supplied, and the engine exhaust gases are used only for post-combustion. Since compressed air is only supplied in substoichiometric amounts for the main combustion, the air requirement is relatively low.

Die Zerstäuberdüse des Brenners ist vorzugsweise eine mit Drallelementen versehene Ringdüse. Diese Ringdüse weist eine ringförmige Zerstäuberzunge auf, an der innen Brennstoff entlangstreicht, der von dem rotie­renden Luftstrom unter Bildung eines Strömungskegels feinzerstäubt wird. Eine zuverlässige stabile Ver­brennung wird trotz pulsierendem Gegendruck und trotz Luftmangel durch Verwendung einer solchen "Luftzer­stäuberdüse" erreicht. Wird die gesamte Luft für die Hauptverbrennung zugeführt mit einem Differenzdruck von mindestens 10 mbar, erhält man unmittelbar hinter der Düse eine intensive Mischung von feinem Brennstoffnebel mit der Verbrennungsluft. Zusammen mit der durch die Drallelemente der Zerstäuberdüse bewirkten Heißgas­rezirkulation führt dieses zu einer von den Druck­pulsationen unabhängigen Verbrennung.The atomizer nozzle of the burner is preferably an annular nozzle provided with swirl elements. This ring nozzle has an annular atomizing tongue, along which fuel passes along the inside, which is generated by the rotating air flow to form a flow cone is atomized. Reliable, stable combustion is achieved despite the pulsating back pressure and despite the lack of air by using such an "air atomizing nozzle". If all the air for the main combustion is supplied with a differential pressure of at least 10 mbar, an intensive mixture of fine fuel mist with the combustion air is obtained directly behind the nozzle. Together with the hot gas recirculation caused by the swirl elements of the atomizer nozzle, this leads to a combustion that is independent of the pressure pulsations.

Die dem Brenner zugeführte Druckluft kann dem Druck­luftsystem des Fahrzeugs entnommen und über eine mit überkritischem Druckverhältnis betriebenen Düse der Zerstäuberdüse zugeführt werden. Überkritisches Druck­verhältnis bedeutet, daß die Luft im engsten Düsenquer­schnitt mindestens mit Schallgeschwindigkeit strömt. Damit kann eine von den Druckpulsationen des Motor­abgases unabhängige Leistung des Brenners gefahren werden.The compressed air supplied to the burner can be taken from the compressed air system of the vehicle and fed to the atomizer nozzle via a nozzle operated with a supercritical pressure ratio. Supercritical pressure ratio means that the air flows in the narrowest nozzle cross-section at least at the speed of sound. A burner output that is independent of the pressure pulsations of the engine exhaust gas can thus be operated.

Alternativ kann die Verbrennungsluft durch ein Ver­drängergebläse gefördert werden. Auch hierbei wird der Luftmassenstrom vom Gegendruck des Dieselabgasstroms nicht oder nur geringfügig beeinflußt, und es wird ein Brennerbetrieb mit vom pulsierenden Motordruck unbe­einflußtem Luftmengenstrom und damit unbeeinflußter Brennerleistung gewährleistet. Wenn man den Luft­verdichter mit der Drehzahl des Dieselmotors koppelt und den Kraftstoff ebenfalls mit einer Verdrängerpumpe fördert, erhält man eine drehzahlproportionale Gemisch­mengensteuerung. Ändert sich die Drehzahl des Diesel­motors, so paßt sich die Brennerleistung dem veränderten Abgasmassenstrom an. Hierdurch kann die Temperatur am Filter während der Regeneration optimal eingehalten werden.Alternatively, the combustion air can be conveyed by a displacement fan. Here, too, the air mass flow is not or only slightly influenced by the back pressure of the diesel exhaust gas flow, and burner operation is ensured with an air flow rate unaffected by the pulsating engine pressure and thus unaffected burner output. If you couple the air compressor with the speed of the diesel engine and also deliver the fuel with a positive displacement pump, you get a speed-proportional mixture quantity control. If the speed of the diesel engine changes, the burner output adapts accordingly changed exhaust gas mass flow. This allows the temperature at the filter to be optimally maintained during regeneration.

Der Brenner ist so klein, daß er leicht in das Filter­gehäuse eingebaut und durch einen Wärmeaustauscher mit dem Motorabgas gekühlt werden kann.The burner is so small that it can easily be installed in the filter housing and cooled with the engine exhaust gas by means of a heat exchanger.

Im folgenden werden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnun­gen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt der Filtervorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 einen detailierten Längsschnitt durch die Zerstäuberdüse,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III von Fig. 2, und
  • Fig. 4 ein anderes Beispiel der Luftversorgung der Zerstäuberdüse.
Show it:
  • 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of the filter device,
  • 2 shows a detailed longitudinal section through the atomizing nozzle,
  • Fig. 3 is a section along the line III-III of Fig. 2, and
  • Fig. 4 shows another example of the air supply to the atomizer nozzle.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Filtervorrichtung weist ein zylindrisches Gehäuse 10 auf. Das Gehäuse 10 hat an einem Ende einen radialen oder tangentialen Einlaß 11 für die Motorabgase und enthält ein den gesamten Ge­häusequerschnitt einnehmendes Keramikfilter 12. Am anderen Ende des Gehäuses 10 befindet sich der Auslaß­stutzen 13, durch den die Motorabgase und Brenngase aus dem Gehäuse austreten.The filter device shown in FIG. 1 has a cylindrical housing 10. The housing 10 has a radial or tangential inlet 11 for the engine exhaust gases at one end and contains a ceramic filter 12 which takes up the entire housing cross section. At the other end of the housing 10 there is the outlet connection 13, through which the engine exhaust gases and combustion gases emerge from the housing.

Der Abgaseinlaß 11 führt in eine ringförmige Verteiler­kammer 14, die die Hauptbrennkammer 15 des Brenners 16 umgibt. Die Zerstäuberdüse 17 ist an der Deckelwand 18 des Düsengehäuses 19 angebracht. Diese Deckelwand 18 ist an die Stirnwand des Gehäuses 10 angeflanscht und begrenzt die Hauptbrennkammer 15. Die Brennstoffleitung 20 führt in das Düsengehäuse 19 hinein und ist direkt mit der Zerstäuberdüse 17 verbunden. Das Düsengehäuse 19 hat ferner einen Lufteinlaß 21, durch den Druckluft in das Innere des Düsengehäuses hineingepreßt wird. Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, führt die Brennstoffleitung 20 durch das Innere des Düsenkörpers 17a hindurch und tritt an des­sen Stirnseite aus. Um das Ausstrittsrohr 20a herum, sind an der flanschartigen Stirnwand 22 des Düsenkör­pers zahlreiche luftleitende Drallelemente 23 in Form von Flügeln angeordnet. Diese Drallelemente 23 sind gemäß Fig. 3 in Umfangsrichtung schräggestellt und sie verjüngen sich zum inneren Ende hin. Die Drallelemente 23 begrenzen Kanäle 24, durch die die radial einströ­mende Luft eine Umfangskomponente enthält. Jeder der Kanäle 24 verringert sich im Querschnitt zu seinem inneren Ende hin, so daß in jedem Kanal 24 die Luft zunehmend beschleunigt wird.The exhaust gas inlet 11 leads into an annular distributor chamber 14 which surrounds the main combustion chamber 15 of the burner 16. The atomizing nozzle 17 is attached to the cover wall 18 of the nozzle housing 19. This cover wall 18 is flanged to the end wall of the housing 10 and delimits the main combustion chamber 15. The fuel line 20 leads into the nozzle housing 19 and is connected directly to the atomizer nozzle 17. The nozzle housing 19 also has an air inlet 21 through which compressed air is pressed into the interior of the nozzle housing. As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel line 20 leads through the interior of the nozzle body 17a and emerges from its end face. Around the outlet pipe 20a, numerous air-conducting swirl elements 23 in the form of wings are arranged on the flange-like end wall 22 of the nozzle body. These swirl elements 23 are inclined in the circumferential direction according to FIG. 3 and they taper towards the inner end. The swirl elements 23 delimit channels 24 through which the radially inflowing air contains a peripheral component. Each of the channels 24 decreases in cross section towards its inner end, so that the air in each channel 24 is increasingly accelerated.

Die Drallelemente 23 sind zwischen der Stirnwand 22 und einer parallel zu dieser Stirnwand verlaufenden Platte 25 angeordnet. Die den Drallelementen 23 abgewandte Stirnwand der Platte 25 bildet die Begrenzungswand eines weiteren Düsenraumes, der ebenfalls mit Drall­elementen 26 ausgestattet ist, die an der Stirnseite einer weiteren Platte 27 angebracht sind. Die Platte 27 verläuft parallel zur Platte 25 und ihre Drallelemente 26 sind in gleicher weise ausgebildet und angeordnet wie die Drallelemente 23 der Platte 22.The swirl elements 23 are arranged between the end wall 22 and a plate 25 running parallel to this end wall. The end wall of the plate 25 facing away from the swirl elements 23 forms the boundary wall of a further nozzle space, which is also equipped with swirl elements 26 which are attached to the end face of a further plate 27. The plate 27 runs parallel to the plate 25 and its swirl elements 26 are designed and arranged in the same way as the swirl elements 23 of the plate 22.

Die durch den Drucklufteinlaß 21 seitlich in das Düsen­gehäuse 19 einströmende Luft verteilt sich im Innern des Düsengehäuses und strömt radial in die Kanäle 24 zwischen den Drallelementen 23 sowie in die entspre­chenden Kanäle zwischen den Drallelementen 26 ein. Durch die Drallelemente erhält die Luft einen Drall, d.h. eine kreisende Bewegung.The air flowing laterally into the nozzle housing 19 through the compressed air inlet 21 is distributed in the interior of the nozzle housing and flows radially into the channels 24 between the swirl elements 23 and into the corresponding channels between the swirl elements 26. The swirl elements give the air a swirl, i.e. a circular motion.

Die Platte 25 ist ringförmig ausgebildet und ihr inne­rer Rand hat die Form einer in Strömungsrichtung axial abstehenden, ringförmigen, sich zum Ende hin konisch verjüngenden Schneide 29. Auch die innere Kante der ringförmigen Platte 27 ist in Strömungsrichtung axial umgebogen und sie bildet einen konischen Ring 30, der die Schneide 29 mit radialem Abstand umgibt.The plate 25 has an annular shape and its inner edge has the shape of an annular cutting edge 29 which projects axially in the flow direction and tapers towards the end. The inner edge of the annular plate 27 is also bent axially in the flow direction and forms a conical ring 30 , which surrounds the cutting edge 29 at a radial distance.

Der aus dem Rohr 20a austretende flüssige Brennstoff wird von dem rotierenden Luftstrom erfaßt und auf die Innenseite der Schneide 29 aufgesprüht. Die Schneide 29 wird zu beiden Seiten von rotierenden und sich axial bewegenden Luftströmen umströmt, die den Brennstoff von der kreisförmigen scharfen Spitze der Schneide 29 ab­reißen und ihn fein und gleichmäßig in Tröpfchenform verteilen. Die Brennstofftröpfchen vermischen sich da­bei mit der Verbrennungsluft und treten zusammen mit dieser in die rohrförmige Hauptbrennkammer 15 ein. In­folge der Drallinjektion unter hohem Druck entstehen, in der Hauptbrennkammer 15 ringförmige Strömungswalzen, in denen ein Teil des Gemischstroms zurückgeführt wird, und die um die Längsachse herum rotieren. Zum Zünden des Gemisches ist in der Hauptbrennkammer 15 eine Elek­trode 31 angeordnet.The liquid fuel emerging from the tube 20a is caught by the rotating air stream and sprayed onto the inside of the cutting edge 29. The cutting edge 29 is surrounded on both sides by rotating and axially moving air streams which tear off the fuel from the circular sharp tip of the cutting edge 29 and distribute it finely and evenly in droplet form. The fuel droplets mix with the combustion air and together with it enter the tubular main combustion chamber 15. As a result of the swirl injection under high pressure, ring-shaped flow rollers, in which a part of the mixture flow is returned, arise in the main combustion chamber 15 and rotate around the longitudinal axis. An electrode 31 is arranged in the main combustion chamber 15 to ignite the mixture.

Die Hauptbrennkammer 15 ist an dem der Zerstäuberdüse 17 abgewandten Ende durch eine Ringwand 32 begrenzt, die eine Öffnung 33 für den Austritt der Brenngase bil­det. Im Abstand hinter der Ringwand 32 befindet sich eine Stirnwand 34, die den hinter der Hauptbrennkammer 15 liegenden Raum 35 begrenzt. An der Umfangswand der Außenseite der Hauptbrennkammer 15 verlaufen Wärme­tauscherrippen 36, die sich bis zur Stirnwand 34 er­strecken. Zwischen diesen Wärmetauscherrippen 36 strö­men die Brenngase radial aus dem Raum 35 heraus in die Nachbrennkammer 37, die an einem Ende durch das Filter 12 begrenzt wird.The main combustion chamber 15 is delimited at the end facing away from the atomizer nozzle 17 by an annular wall 32 which forms an opening 33 for the exit of the fuel gases. At a distance behind the annular wall 32 there is an end wall 34 which delimits the space 35 located behind the main combustion chamber 15. Heat exchanger fins 36 extend on the peripheral wall of the outside of the main combustion chamber 15 and extend to the end wall 34. Between these heat exchanger fins 36, the fuel gases flow radially out of the space 35 into the afterburning chamber 37, which is delimited at one end by the filter 12.

Von der Verteilerkammer 14 führt ein ringförmiger Durchlaß 38 zu den Wärmetauscherrippen 36. Die Motorabgase strömen durch den Durchlaß 38 hindurch, an den Wärmetauscherrippen 36 entlang, und werden dann mit den Verbrennungsgasen vermischt, um mit diesen gemeinsam in die Nachbrennkammer 37 einzuströmen. Von dort strömt das heiße Gasgemisch durch das Filter 12 zum Auslaßstutzen 13.An annular passage 38 leads from the distribution chamber 14 to the heat exchanger fins 36. The engine exhaust gases flow through the passage 38, along the heat exchanger fins 36, and are then mixed with the combustion gases to flow together into the afterburning chamber 37. From there, the hot gas mixture flows through the filter 12 to the outlet port 13.

Die Kammer 35 bildet an ihrem Umfang einen Querstrom­mischer 39, in dem eine intensive Mischung der Gas­ströme stattfindet.The chamber 35 forms a cross-flow mixer 39 on its circumference, in which an intensive mixing of the gas flows takes place.

Der Drucklufteinlaß 21 enthält eine kritisch durch­strömte Düse 40, die über ein Schaltventil 41 an den Druckluftsammler 42 des Dieselmotors DM angeschlossen ist. Die Abtriebswelle des Dieselmotors treibt (direkt oder über eine Untersetzung) ein Gebläse 43, das den Druckluftsammler 42 speist.The compressed air inlet 21 contains a critically flowed nozzle 40, which is connected via a switching valve 41 to the compressed air collector 42 of the diesel engine DM. The output shaft of the diesel engine drives (directly or via a reduction) a blower 43 which feeds the compressed air collector 42.

Wenn das Ventil 41 geöffnet ist und Brennstoff in die Brennstoffleitung 20 gepumpt wird, gelangen Brennstoff und Luft zur Zerstäuberdüse 17. Durch den in der Zer­stäuberdüse 17 aufgeprägten Drall stabilisiert sich die Flamme und brennt trotz der unterstöchiometrischen Luftmenge rußfrei. Das Abgas des Motors gelangt über den Einlaß 11 und die Verteilerkammer 14 zwischen die Wärmetauscherrippen 36, um die Wand der Hauptbrennkam­mer 15 zu kühlen. Nach dem Vermischen von Motorabgas und Verbrennungsgas im Querstrommischer 39 erfolgt das Ausbrennen der Flamme mit Hilfe des im Abgas enthalte­nen Restsauerstoffs in der nach Brennkammer 37. Das so aufgeheizte Gas strömt durch das keramische Filter 12 und brennt den Ruß ab.When the valve 41 is opened and fuel is pumped into the fuel line 20, fuel and air reach the atomizing nozzle 17. The swirl impressed in the atomizing nozzle 17 stabilizes the flame and burns soot-free despite the substoichiometric amount of air. The exhaust gas from the engine passes through the inlet 11 and the plenum 14 between the heat exchanger fins 36 to cool the wall of the main combustion chamber 15. After the engine exhaust gas and combustion gas have been mixed in the crossflow mixer 39, the flame is burned out with the aid of the residual oxygen contained in the exhaust gas in the after the combustion chamber 37. The gas thus heated flows through the ceramic filter 12 and burns off the soot.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die der Zerstäuberdüse 17 zugeführte Druckluft von einer volu­metrischen Pumpe oder Verdrängerpumpe 45 erzeugt wird. Die Verdrängerpumpe 45 ist über eine Kupplung 46, mit der Abtriebswelle 47 des Dieselmotors DM (direkt oder über ein Getriebe) gekuppelt. Der Brennstoff wird der Brennstoffleitung 20 ebenfalls über eine Verdränger­pumpe 48 zugeführt, die von der Abtriebswelle 47 des Dieselmotors angetrieben ist. Da die Mengen von Druck­luft und Brennstoff beide in Abhängigkeit von der Mo­tordrehzahl variieren, ihr gegenseitiges Verhältnis aber konstant bleibt, erfolgt eine drehzahlproportio­nale Gemischmengensteuerung. Dadurch paßt sich die Brennerleistung bei variierender Drehzahl des Diesel­motors immer dem veränderten Abgasmengenstrom an. Da­durch kann die Temperatur am Filter während der Regene­ration weitgehend konstant gehalten werden.FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the compressed air supplied to the atomizing nozzle 17 is generated by a volumetric pump or displacement pump 45. The positive displacement pump 45 is coupled via a clutch 46 to the output shaft 47 of the diesel engine DM (directly or via a gearbox). The fuel is also fed to the fuel line 20 via a positive displacement pump 48 which is driven by the output shaft 47 of the diesel engine. Since the quantities of compressed air and fuel both vary depending on the engine speed, but their mutual ratio remains constant, the mixture quantity is controlled in proportion to the speed. As a result, the burner output always adapts to the changed exhaust gas flow when the speed of the diesel engine varies. This means that the temperature at the filter can be kept largely constant during regeneration.

Claims (8)

1. Rußfiltervorrichtung für einen Dieselmotor, mit einem an die Abgasleitung angeschlossenen Filter (12) und einem Brenner (16) zum Freibrennen des Filters, wobei der Brenner (16) eine Zerstäuberdüse (17) für Brennstoff und einen Brennraum aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Luftstromzerstäuberdüse (17) Druckluft im Verhältnis zum Brennstoff unterstöchio­metrisch in konstantem Mengenstrom zugeführt wird, daß der Brennraum in eine sich an die Luft­stromzerstäuberdüse (17) anschließende Haupt­brennkammer (15) und eine dahinter angeordnete Nachbrennkammer (37) unterteilt ist und daß die Abgase des Dieselmotors zur Nachverbrennung des Brennstoffs in die Nachbrennkammer (37) einge­leitet werden.1. A soot filter device for a diesel engine, with a filter (12) connected to the exhaust pipe and a burner (16) for burning the filter, the burner (16) having an atomizing nozzle (17) for fuel and a combustion chamber,
characterized by
that the airflow atomizer nozzle (17) compressed air in relation to the fuel is supplied substoichiometrically in a constant flow, that the combustion chamber is divided into a main combustion chamber (15) adjoining the airflow atomizer nozzle (17) and an afterburner chamber (37) arranged behind it, and that the exhaust gases of the Diesel engine for post-combustion of the fuel can be introduced into the post-combustion chamber (37). 2. Rußfiltervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Hauptbrennkammer (15) durch eine Ringwand (32) begrenzt ist.2. soot filter device according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the main combustion chamber (15) is delimited by an annular wall (32). 3. Rußfiltervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Hauptbrennkammer (15) von einem Wärmetauscher (36) umgeben ist, den die Abgase vor Erreichen der Nachbrennkammer (37) durchströmen.3. soot filter device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized by
that the main combustion chamber (15) is surrounded by a heat exchanger (36) through which the exhaust gases flow before reaching the afterburning chamber (37). 4. Rußfiltervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß hinter der Hauptbrennkammer (15) ein Querstrommischer (39) angeordnet ist, der von den Abgasen des Brenners radial und von den Abgasen des Motors axial durchströmt wird.4. soot filter device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized by
that a cross-flow mixer (39) is arranged behind the main combustion chamber (15), through which the exhaust gases of the burner flow radially and the exhaust gases of the engine flow axially. 5. Rußfiltervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zerstäuberdüse (17) eine mit Drall­elementen (23,26) versehene Luftstromzerstäuber­düse ist.5. soot filter device according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized by
that the atomizer nozzle (17) is an air flow atomizer nozzle provided with swirl elements (23, 26). 6. Rußfiltervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Druckluft dem Druckluftsystem des Fahrzeugs entnommen und über eine bei kritischem Druckverhältnis betriebene Düse (40) der Zerstäuberdüse (17) zugeführt wird.6. soot filter device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized by
that the compressed air is removed from the compressed air system of the vehicle and fed to the atomizing nozzle (17) via a nozzle (40) operated at a critical pressure ratio. 7. Rußfiltervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Druckluft von einem Verdrängergebläse (43) erzeugt wird.7. soot filter device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized by
that the compressed air is generated by a displacement fan (43). 8. Rußfiltervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Brenner (16), zusammen mit dem Filter (12), im selben Gehäuse (10) angeordnet ist.8. soot filter device according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized by
that the burner (16), together with the filter (12), is arranged in the same housing (10).
EP88113462A 1987-09-05 1988-08-19 Soot filter process and soot filter device for a diesel engine Expired - Lifetime EP0306743B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88113462T ATE81887T1 (en) 1987-09-05 1988-08-19 SOOT FILTER METHOD AND SOOT FILTER DEVICE FOR A DIESEL ENGINE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3729861 1987-09-05
DE3729861A DE3729861C2 (en) 1987-09-05 1987-09-05 Method for operating a soot filter device for a diesel engine and soot filter device for carrying out this method

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0306743A2 true EP0306743A2 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0306743A3 EP0306743A3 (en) 1990-01-31
EP0306743B1 EP0306743B1 (en) 1992-10-28

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ID=6335373

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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US (1) US4951464A (en)
EP (1) EP0306743B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2559620B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE81887T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1336966C (en)
DE (2) DE3729861C2 (en)
FI (1) FI102629B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3006690T3 (en)

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EP0367280A1 (en) * 1988-11-04 1990-05-09 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Particle filter system
EP0438682A2 (en) * 1990-01-25 1991-07-31 Zeuna-Stärker Gmbh & Co Kg Exhaust system with particle filter and regeneration burner
EP0438682A3 (en) * 1990-01-25 1992-02-26 Man Technologie Aktiengesellschaft Exhaust system with particle filter and regeneration burner
TR25558A (en) * 1990-08-07 1993-07-01 Man Technologie Gmbh WASTE GAS PIPE WITH A REGENERATION BURNER WITH A PARTICLE FILTER
EP0532044A1 (en) * 1991-09-12 1993-03-17 Firma J. Eberspächer Burner for a diesel engine exhaust particle filter
EP0532031A1 (en) * 1991-09-12 1993-03-17 Firma J. Eberspächer Device for the thermal regeneration of diesel engine exhaust particle filters
EP0554499A1 (en) * 1992-02-01 1993-08-11 ERNST-APPARATEBAU GmbH &amp; Co. Soot filter with a ring chamber
EP0583507B1 (en) * 1992-08-14 1996-03-27 ERNST APPARATEBAU GmbH & Co. Soot filter with hot gas generator
US5320523A (en) * 1992-08-28 1994-06-14 General Motors Corporation Burner for heating gas stream
EP1752633A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-14 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Device for generating a hot gas in an exhaust system of an combustion engine
EP1939419A1 (en) 2006-12-19 2008-07-02 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine
US8006487B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2011-08-30 J. Eberspaecher Gmbh & Co. Kg Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine
WO2023242030A1 (en) * 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Burner for a motor vehicle, method for operating such a burner, and motor vehicle
WO2023241907A1 (en) * 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Burner for a motor vehicle, and motor vehicle comprising at least one such burner
WO2023242029A1 (en) * 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Burner for a motor vehicle, and motor vehicle comprising at least one such burner
WO2023242031A1 (en) * 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Burner for a motor vehicle, and motor vehicle comprising at least one such burner
WO2024104671A1 (en) * 2022-11-14 2024-05-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Burner unit in exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI884045A0 (en) 1988-09-01
EP0306743B1 (en) 1992-10-28
JP2559620B2 (en) 1996-12-04
DE3875568D1 (en) 1992-12-03
EP0306743A3 (en) 1990-01-31
FI102629B (en) 1999-01-15
DE3729861C2 (en) 1995-06-22
US4951464A (en) 1990-08-28
FI102629B1 (en) 1999-01-15
DE3729861A1 (en) 1989-03-16
ATE81887T1 (en) 1992-11-15
FI884045A (en) 1989-03-06
CA1336966C (en) 1995-09-12
JPS6483810A (en) 1989-03-29
GR3006690T3 (en) 1993-06-30

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