EP0331795B1 - Burner operated by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Burner operated by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0331795B1
EP0331795B1 EP88118085A EP88118085A EP0331795B1 EP 0331795 B1 EP0331795 B1 EP 0331795B1 EP 88118085 A EP88118085 A EP 88118085A EP 88118085 A EP88118085 A EP 88118085A EP 0331795 B1 EP0331795 B1 EP 0331795B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
baffle
combustion chamber
zone
exhaust gas
burner according
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EP88118085A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0331795A1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Kolodzie
Dieter Dr. Görlich
Roland Fiola
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Webasto SE
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Webasto SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner operated with exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • an exhaust gas burner in which an auxiliary ignition burner is provided which can be supplied with compressed air.
  • the burner has an additional air injection device at the level of the fuel nozzle.
  • these measures are intended to ensure that the filter system can be regenerated independently of the oxygen content in the exhaust gas.
  • an extremely ignitable mixture is prepared in the area around the ignition device in order to then also ignite the burner can if the oxygen content of the exhaust gas is low.
  • this oxygen content of the exhaust gas is subject to large fluctuations, which are particularly dependent on the current operating point in the engine characteristic field of the diesel engine in vehicles.
  • This residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas can be between about 20% and about 4%.
  • a burner for the regeneration of a particle filter in the exhaust gas flow of a diesel internal combustion engine in which fuel is atomized in an atomizer nozzle by means of compressed air from a primary air line and introduced into a pre-combustion chamber.
  • An ignition device is arranged in this.
  • a supply line for secondary air opens. The combustion is completely completed there before the combustion gas flow is combined with the exhaust gas flow. The combustion gas is only mixed with the exhaust gas to increase the temperature.
  • EP-B1-0218047 Another device for regenerating soot filters is known from EP-B1-0218047, in which hot gases generated by a regeneration burner are mixed with exhaust gas through a baffle plate in an antechamber of the soot filter.
  • DE-OS 35 26 074 describes a device for removing combustible solid particles from exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in which an ignition burner is provided which is connected to a combustion chamber via an overflow opening, additional air and fuel being supplied to the ignition burner.
  • a partial exhaust gas stream enriched with the solid particles is introduced into the combustion chamber via a first immersion tube and, after the solid particles have burned off, is discharged together with the additional combustion air introduced into the combustion chamber together with the remaining combustion products via a second immersion tube as cleaned exhaust gas.
  • the combustible solid particles of the exhaust gas are thus burned directly for exhaust gas purification purposes in the combustion chamber.
  • a reference to the use of this device in connection with the regeneration of soot filter systems is not described there, but this device represents an alternative to the use of particle filter systems in the exhaust gas area of a diesel internal combustion engine, for example.
  • the invention aims to provide a burner for difficult to ignite gas mixtures of the generic type, which can be reliably ignited even with a large lack of oxygen or low O2 content in the exhaust gas and the flame in the burner can be kept stable.
  • the combustion chamber is divided in its axial direction by a bluff body in such a way that an oxygen-enriched zone is formed in the area between the bluff body and the mouth opening of the fuel injector, which zone is high in energy and has a high heat flow density.
  • a stable pilot flame can be generated in this zone, by means of which the flame-retardant gas mixture can then be ignited in the combustion chamber of the burner.
  • part of the fuel emitted by the fuel injection nozzle hits the bluff body, which lies in such an area of the combustion chamber that it becomes glowing.
  • the bluff body in the burner according to the invention thus simultaneously ensures that the flame in the combustion chamber is stably maintained regardless of the amounts and the oxygen content of the exhaust gas.
  • the bluff body also causes a swirl to be generated downstream thereof, whereby the mixing of the gases in the combustion chamber downstream of the bluff body with the fuel is intensified. This makes firing conditions more favorable achieved in the combustion chamber as a whole.
  • the bluff body is preferably designed as a baffle plate and expediently arranged coaxially to the axis of the fuel nozzle in such a way that an annular space is present between the wall of the combustion chamber and the outside of the baffle plate, through which the fuel emitted by the fuel nozzle reaches the region of the combustion chamber located downstream of the baffle plate can.
  • the bluff body can be formed by a perforated disk which has a central opening and which is attached to the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel from the fuel injection nozzle enters through the central opening of the perforated disk into the region of the burner combustion chamber located downstream of the perforated disk.
  • the bluff body can also be formed by an area of the combustion chamber with a reduced diameter, such as a constriction, so that no additional components, such as a baffle plate or a perforated disk, need be provided in the combustion chamber.
  • the exhaust gas is introduced into the combustion chamber at a location which is in the vicinity of the end of the combustion chamber facing away from the fuel injection nozzle. This ensures that the exhaust gas coming from the internal combustion engine does not reach the area between the fuel injector and the bluff body in order not to adversely affect the processing of an extremely ignitable gas mixture in this area by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine.
  • the burner can function significantly better if the bluff body is designed, for example, as a cone, ball or spherical shell which approximates a cone.
  • a burner is generally designated 1.
  • the burner 1 has a combustion chamber 2, at one end of which a fuel injection nozzle 3 is provided for supplying fuel.
  • An arrow at the end of the combustion chamber 2 opposite the fuel injection nozzle 3 indicates the hot combustion gas stream emerging from the combustion chamber 2, which is fed to a particle filter system (not shown) in the exhaust tract of a diesel engine, so that the particle filter or filters are regenerated can, whereby the combustion of the soot particles in the soot filter can be initiated with the hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber 2.
  • the nozzle jet emitted from the orifice 4 of the fuel injection nozzle 3 is entered in broken lines.
  • a baffle body is arranged at a distance from the mouth opening 4 of the fuel injection nozzle 3, which baffle is formed in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 by a baffle plate 6, which according to FIG the wall 8 of the combustion chamber 2 is attached.
  • Oxygen-rich air such as fresh air or additional air, preferably enters the combustion chamber 2 via the opening indicated schematically by 9.
  • an inlet 10 is shown, through which exhaust gases coming from the internal combustion engine are introduced into the combustion chamber 2 will.
  • an ignition device is shown schematically, provided with the reference number 11 in the figures.
  • the bluff body 5 divides the combustion chamber 2 into a first zone 2a lying between the fuel injection nozzle 3 and the bluff body 5 and a second zone 2b lying downstream of the bluff body 5.
  • the burner 1 explained above will be described below.
  • an extremely combustible mixture of fuel and combustion air is prepared in the first zone 2a around the fuel injector 3 with the supply of additional air through the opening 9, a portion of the fuel discharged from the fuel injector 3 striking the bluff body 5.
  • the mixture thus prepared is ignited in the first zone 2a of the combustion chamber 2 and a pilot flame is formed in this first zone 2a.
  • This pilot flame heats the bluff body 5, which is designed as a baffle plate 6 according to FIGS.
  • This gas mixture in the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2 contains as main fuel the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine introduced via the inlet 10, their oxygen content and their quantity and flow rate can change significantly depending on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine.
  • the bluff body 5 also supports the mixing of fuel and gas in the zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2, since the bluff body 5 creates a swirling of the gas mixture.
  • the bluff body 5 begins to glow, and the heat radiated from the glowing bluff body 5 increases the flame re-ignition speed in the region of the flame root due to the position of the bluff body 5, so that a stable flame is maintained in the combustion chamber 2. Even if exhaust gas with a low oxygen content and / or high exhaust gas quantities or the exhaust gas with a high flow velocity occurs via the inlet 10, the inventive design effectively prevents the flame in the combustion chamber 2 from being broken off and thereby the flame from extinguishing.
  • a type of pilot flame can thus be reliably generated in the first zone 2a of the combustion chamber 2 by the support of the bluff body 5, so that even under extremely unfavorable conditions, the flame-retardant gas mixture in the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2 for Burn can be brought.
  • a stable flame is maintained in the combustion chamber 2 with the aid of the bluff body 5, even under unfavorable burning conditions in the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the burner 1 according to FIG. 3 has a perforated disk 14 as the baffle 5a, which is in one on the wall 8 of the combustion chamber 2 Distance from the fuel injector 3 is attached.
  • the perforated disk 14 has approximately in the axial extension of the mouth opening 4 of the fuel injection nozzle 3 at least one central opening 15 through which fuel can pass from the fuel injection nozzle 3 into the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the other part of the fuel emitted by the fuel injection nozzle 3 strikes the disk-shaped part of the perforated disk 14, so that the bluff body 5a in the form of the perforated disk 14 has the essentially same effects as the bluff body 5 in the form of the baffle disk 6 according to FIG. 1 and 2 leads.
  • a bluff body 5b is provided which reduces the free passage cross section of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the bluff body 5b is designed in the form of a constriction of the combustion chamber 2.
  • This bluff body 5b in the form of a constriction 16 essentially achieves the same effects as previously in connection with the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the invention is not limited to the present example, but numerous changes and modifications are possible, which the person skilled in the art will make if necessary, without departing from the inventive concept.
  • combinations of the above-described embodiments of the bluff body 5, 5a, 5b can also be provided, or two or more bluff bodies 5, 5a, 5b can be arranged one behind the other, for example at a distance from one another, as seen in the flow direction.
  • the effect of the bluff body 5, 5a, 5b can also be achieved by a corresponding design of the inner wall 8 of the combustion chamber 2 and / or a corresponding arrangement of the fuel injection nozzle 3.
  • the fuel injector 3 is not coaxial in deviation from the examples shown the combustion chamber 2 is provided, but can for example be arranged offset or inclined.
  • the baffle plate 6 can also be replaced by a baffle cone 5 ′ or a spherical shell-shaped baffle body 5 ′′.
  • a baffle body 5 one with a spherical shape can also be selected Brenner 1 can be reached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen mit Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine betriebenen Brenner gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a burner operated with exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

In der älteren Anmeldung derselben Anmelderin DE-A-3 728 712 ist ein derartiger Abgasbrenner beschrieben, bei dem ein Zünd-Hilfsbrenner vorgesehen ist, der mit Druckluft versorgbar ist. Gemäß einer anderen dort beschriebenen Ausbildungsform weist der Brenner eine Zusätzliche Lufteinblaseinrichtung in Höhe der Brennstoffdüse auf. Mit diesen Maßnahmen soll bei Regenerierung einer Abgasfilteranlage erreicht werden, daß die Regenerierung der Filteranlage unabhängig vom Sauerstoffanteil im Abgas vorgenommen werden kann. Hierbei wird im Bereich um die Zündeinrichtung ein äußerst zündwilliges Gemisch aufbereitet, um eine Zündung des Brenners auch dann bewirken zu können, wenn der Sauerstoffgehalt des Abgases gering ist. Dieser Sauerstoffgehalt des Abgases ist bekanntlich großen Schwankungen unterworfen, die insbesondere vom momentanen Betriebspunkt im Motorkennlinienfeld der Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine in Fahrzeugen abhängig sind. Dieser Restsauerstoffgehalt im Abgas kann zwischen etwa 20% und etwa 4% liegen.In the older application of the same applicant DE-A-3 728 712, such an exhaust gas burner is described in which an auxiliary ignition burner is provided which can be supplied with compressed air. According to another embodiment described there, the burner has an additional air injection device at the level of the fuel nozzle. With regeneration of an exhaust gas filter system, these measures are intended to ensure that the filter system can be regenerated independently of the oxygen content in the exhaust gas. In this case, an extremely ignitable mixture is prepared in the area around the ignition device in order to then also ignite the burner can if the oxygen content of the exhaust gas is low. As is known, this oxygen content of the exhaust gas is subject to large fluctuations, which are particularly dependent on the current operating point in the engine characteristic field of the diesel engine in vehicles. This residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas can be between about 20% and about 4%.

Aus der US-A-4,571,938 ist ein Brenner zur Regeneration eines Partikelfilters im Abgasstrom einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem Brennstoff in einer Zerstäuberdüse mittels Druckluft aus einer Primärluftleitung zerstäubt und in eine Vorbrennkammer eingeleitet wird. In dieser ist eine Zündeinrichtung angeordnet. Ferner mündet eine Zufuhrleitung für Sekundärluft ein. Die Verbrennung ist dort vor Vereinigung des Verbrennungsgasstromes mit dem Abgasstrom vollständig abgeschlossen. Das Verbrennungsgas wird lediglich zur Temperaturerhöhung mit dem Abgas gemischt.From US-A-4,571,938 a burner for the regeneration of a particle filter in the exhaust gas flow of a diesel internal combustion engine is known, in which fuel is atomized in an atomizer nozzle by means of compressed air from a primary air line and introduced into a pre-combustion chamber. An ignition device is arranged in this. Furthermore, a supply line for secondary air opens. The combustion is completely completed there before the combustion gas flow is combined with the exhaust gas flow. The combustion gas is only mixed with the exhaust gas to increase the temperature.

Aus EP-B1-0218047 ist eine weitere Vorrichtung zum Regenerieren von Rußfiltern bekannt, bei der von einem Regenerationsbrenner erzeugte Heißgase durch eine Prallplatte in einem Vorraum des Rußfilters mit Abgas gemischt werden.Another device for regenerating soot filters is known from EP-B1-0218047, in which hot gases generated by a regeneration burner are mixed with exhaust gas through a baffle plate in an antechamber of the soot filter.

Beide vorstehenden Ausführungen erfordern zur Einstellung auf entsprechend den Motorbetriebszuständen wechselnden Bedingungen zusätzliche Regelorgane zur Regulierung des Brennluftverhältnisses.Both of the above explanations require additional regulating elements for regulating the combustion air ratio in order to adjust to conditions which change in accordance with the engine operating states.

In DE-OS 35 26 074 ist eine Einrichtung zur Entfernung von brennbaren Festkörperteilchen aus Abgasen von Brennkraftmaschinen beschrieben, bei der ein Zündbrenner vorgesehen ist, der über eine Überströmöffnung mit einer Brennkammer verbunden ist, wobei dem Zündbrenner Zusatzluft und Kraftstoff zugeführt werden. In die Brennkammer wird über ein erstes Tauchrohr ein mit den Festkörperteilchen angereicherter Abgasteilstrom eingeleitet, der nach Abbrand der Festkörperteilchen zusammen mit n die Brennkammer eingebrachter Zusatzluft zusammen mit den restlichen Verbrennungsprodukten über ein zweites Tauchrohr als gereinigtes Abgas wieder abgeführt wird. Bei dieser Einrichtung werden somit in der Brennkammer die brennbaren Festkörperteilchen des Abgases direkt zu Abgasreinigungszwecken verbrannt. Ein Hinweis auf die Anwendung dieser Einrichtung in Verbindung mit der Regenerierung von Rußfilteranlagen ist dort nicht beschrieben, sondern diese Einrichtung stellt eine Alternative zu der Verwendung von Partikel-Filteranlagen im Abgasbereich einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine beispielsweise dar.DE-OS 35 26 074 describes a device for removing combustible solid particles from exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in which an ignition burner is provided which is connected to a combustion chamber via an overflow opening, additional air and fuel being supplied to the ignition burner. A partial exhaust gas stream enriched with the solid particles is introduced into the combustion chamber via a first immersion tube and, after the solid particles have burned off, is discharged together with the additional combustion air introduced into the combustion chamber together with the remaining combustion products via a second immersion tube as cleaned exhaust gas. With this device, the combustible solid particles of the exhaust gas are thus burned directly for exhaust gas purification purposes in the combustion chamber. A reference to the use of this device in connection with the regeneration of soot filter systems is not described there, but this device represents an alternative to the use of particle filter systems in the exhaust gas area of a diesel internal combustion engine, for example.

Die Erfindung zielt darauf ab, einen Brenner für schwer-entzündbare Gasgemische der gattungsgemäßen Art bereitzustellen, der auch bei großem Sauerstoffmangel bzw. geringem O₂-Gehalt im Abgas zuverlässig gezündet und die Flamme im Brenner stabil gehalten werden kann.The invention aims to provide a burner for difficult to ignite gas mixtures of the generic type, which can be reliably ignited even with a large lack of oxygen or low O₂ content in the exhaust gas and the flame in the burner can be kept stable.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Brenner wird durch einen Staukörper die Brennkammer in ihrer Achsrichtung so unterteilt, daß sich im Bereich zwischen dem Staukörper und der Mündungsöffnung der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse eine mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Zone bildet, die energiereich ist und eine hohe Wärmestromdichte hat. In dieser Zone läßt sich eine stabile Pilotflamme erzeugen, mittels der dann das schwer-entzündbare Gasgemisch in der Brennkammer des Brenners gezündet werden kann. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Auslegung trifft ein Teil des von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse abgegebenen Brennstoffs direkt auf den Staukörper, der in einem solchen Bereich der Brennkammer liegt, daß dieser glühend wird.In a burner according to the invention, the combustion chamber is divided in its axial direction by a bluff body in such a way that an oxygen-enriched zone is formed in the area between the bluff body and the mouth opening of the fuel injector, which zone is high in energy and has a high heat flow density. A stable pilot flame can be generated in this zone, by means of which the flame-retardant gas mixture can then be ignited in the combustion chamber of the burner. In the design according to the invention, part of the fuel emitted by the fuel injection nozzle hits the bluff body, which lies in such an area of the combustion chamber that it becomes glowing.

Durch diese Temperaturanhebung bei glühendem Staukörper wird die Verbrennungswilligkeit des Gemisches auch Falle eines schwer-endzündbaren Gasgemisches erhöht. Ein Flammabriß bzw. ein Verlöschen der Flamme in der Brennkammer wird selbst dann vermieden, wenn die in die Brennkammer eingespeisten Abgase einen niedrigen Sauerstoffgehalt haben und/oder hohe Abgasmengen mit hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten in die Brennkammer eintreten. Somit gewährleistet der Staukörper beim erfindungsgemäßen Brenner zugleich, daß die Flamme in der Brennkammer unabhängig von den Mengen und des Sauerstoffgehalts des Abgases stabil aufrechterhalten wird. Der Staukörper bewirkt ferner, daß stromabwärts desselben eine Verwirbelung erzeugt wird, wodurch die Vermischung der Gase in der Brennkammer stromab des Staukörpers mit dem Brennstoff intensiviert wird. Hierdurch werden günstigere Brennbedingungen in der Brennkammer insgesamt gesehen erreicht.This increase in temperature when the bluff body is glowing increases the combustibility of the mixture even in the case of a gas mixture which is difficult to ignite. A flame arrest or extinguishing of the flame in the combustion chamber is avoided even if the exhaust gases fed into the combustion chamber have a low oxygen content and / or large amounts of exhaust gas enter the combustion chamber at high flow rates. The bluff body in the burner according to the invention thus simultaneously ensures that the flame in the combustion chamber is stably maintained regardless of the amounts and the oxygen content of the exhaust gas. The bluff body also causes a swirl to be generated downstream thereof, whereby the mixing of the gases in the combustion chamber downstream of the bluff body with the fuel is intensified. This makes firing conditions more favorable achieved in the combustion chamber as a whole.

Da gemäß der Erfindung nur ein Teil des aus der Brennstoffdüse austretenden Brennstoffs auf den Staukörper trifft, während der Rest an diesem vorbeigeht, ist auch im Bereich der Brennkammer stromabwärts von dem Staukörper Brennstoff vorhanden, der sich mit den dort befindlichen Gasen zu einem brennbaren Gasgemisch vermischen kann, so daß die in der Zone zwischen der Brennstoffdüse und dem Staukörper erzeugte Pilotflamme leicht in den stromabwärts des Staukörpers liegenden Bereich zur Verbrennung des dort vorhandenen Gasgemisches übertreten kann.Since, according to the invention, only a part of the fuel emerging from the fuel nozzle hits the bluff body while the rest passes it, fuel is also present in the region of the combustion chamber downstream of the bluff body and mixes with the gases located there to form a combustible gas mixture can, so that the pilot flame generated in the zone between the fuel nozzle and the bluff body can easily pass into the region located downstream of the bluff body for combustion of the gas mixture present there.

Vorzugsweise ist der Staukörper als Stauscheibe ausgebildet und zweckmäßigerweise koaxial zur Achse der Brennstoffdüse derart angeordnet, daß ein Ringraum zwischen der Wand der Brennkammer und der Außenseite der Stauscheibe vorhanden ist, durch den von der Brennstoffdüse abgegebener Brennstoff zu dem stromabwärts der Stauscheibe liegenden Bereich der Brennkammer gelangen kann.The bluff body is preferably designed as a baffle plate and expediently arranged coaxially to the axis of the fuel nozzle in such a way that an annular space is present between the wall of the combustion chamber and the outside of the baffle plate, through which the fuel emitted by the fuel nozzle reaches the region of the combustion chamber located downstream of the baffle plate can.

Gemäß einer alternativen Auslegungsform kann der Staukörper von einer Lochscheibe gebildet werden, die eine Mittelöffnung hat und die an der Wand der Brennkammer angebracht ist. In diesem Fall tritt der Brennstoff aus der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse durch die Mittelöffnung der Lochscheibe in den von der Lochscheibe stromabwärtig liegenden Bereich der Brennkammer des Brenners ein.According to an alternative design, the bluff body can be formed by a perforated disk which has a central opening and which is attached to the wall of the combustion chamber. In this case, the fuel from the fuel injection nozzle enters through the central opening of the perforated disk into the region of the burner combustion chamber located downstream of the perforated disk.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante nach der Erfindung kann der Staukörper auch von einem im Durchmesser reduzierten Bereich der Brennkammer, wie z.B. einer Einschnürung gebildet werden, so daß man in der Brennkammer keine zusätzlichen Bauteile, wie eine Stauscheibe oder eine Lochscheibe vorzusehen braucht.According to an embodiment variant of the invention, the bluff body can also be formed by an area of the combustion chamber with a reduced diameter, such as a constriction, so that no additional components, such as a baffle plate or a perforated disk, need be provided in the combustion chamber.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildungsform nach der Erfindung wird das Abgas in die Brennkammer an einer Stelle eingeleitet, die in der Nähe des von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse abgewandten Endes der Brennkammer liegt. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß das von der Brennkraftmaschine kommende Abgas nicht direkt in den Bereich zwischen der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse und dem Staukörper gelangt, um die Aufbereitung eines äußerst zündwilligen Gasgemisches in diesem Bereich nicht nachteilig durch die Abgase der Brennkraftmaschine zu beeinflussen.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the exhaust gas is introduced into the combustion chamber at a location which is in the vicinity of the end of the combustion chamber facing away from the fuel injection nozzle. This ensures that the exhaust gas coming from the internal combustion engine does not reach the area between the fuel injector and the bluff body in order not to adversely affect the processing of an extremely ignitable gas mixture in this area by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine.

In überraschender Weise hat sich gezeigt, daß sich eine deutlich verbesserte Funktion des Brenners erzielen läßt, wenn der Staukörper beispielsweise als Kegel, Kugel oder Kugelschale ausgelegt wird, die einem Kegel angenähert ist.Surprisingly, it has been shown that the burner can function significantly better if the bluff body is designed, for example, as a cone, ball or spherical shell which approximates a cone.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend an Beispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Brenners mit einem Staukörper,
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht des Brenners nach Fig. 1 in der Schnittebene II-II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Ansicht einer Ausführungsvariante eines Brenners mit einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform eines Staukörpers, und
Fig. 4
eine weitere Ausführungsvariante eines Brenners mit einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante eines Staukörpers.
The invention is explained below using examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
1 shows a schematic sectional view of a burner with a bluff body,
Fig. 2
1 in the sectional plane II-II in FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
a schematic view of an embodiment of a burner with a modified embodiment of a bluff body, and
Fig. 4
a further embodiment variant of a burner with a further embodiment variant of a bluff body.

In den Figuren der Zeichnung sind gleiche oder ähnliche Teile mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.In the figures of the drawing, identical or similar parts are provided with the same reference symbols.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Brenner insgesamt mit 1 bezeichnet. Der Brenner 1 weist eine Brennkammer 2 auf, an deren einem Ende eine Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 zur Brennstoffzufuhr vorgesehen ist. Mit einem Pfeil ist an dem von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 gegenüberliegenden Ende der Brennkammer 2 der aus der Brennkammer 2 austretende heiße Verbrennungsgasstrom angedeutet, der einer nicht näher dargestellten Partikelfilter-Anlage im Abgastrakt einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine zugeleitet wird, so daß der oder die Partikelfilter regeneriert werden können, wobei mit den heißen Verbrennungsgasen aus der Brennkammer 2 der Abbrand der Rußpartikel im Rußfilter eingeleitet werden kann. Der von der Mündungsöffnung 4 der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 abgegebene Düsenstrahl ist in gebrochenen Linien eingetragen. In Richtung dieses Düsenstrahls gesehen ist im Abstand von der Mündungsöffnung 4 der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 ein insgesamt mit 5 bezeichneter Staukörper angeordnet, der bei der Ausbildungsform nach den Fig. 1 und 2 von einer Stauscheibe 6 gebildet wird, die entsprechend Fig. 2 über Stege 7 an der Wand 8 der Brennkammer 2 angebracht ist. Über die schematisch mit 9 angedeutete Öffnung tritt vorzugsweise sauerstoffreiche Luft, wie z.B. Frischluft oder Zusatzluft, in die Brennkammer 2 ein. Am von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 abgewandt liegenden Ende der Brennkammer 2 ist ein Einlaß 10 dargestellt, über den von der Brennkraftmaschine kommende Abgase in die Brennkammer 2 eingeleitet werden. Ferner ist schematisch, in den Figuren mit dem Bezugszeichen 11 versehen, eine Zündeinrichtung dargestellt.In Fig. 1, a burner is generally designated 1. The burner 1 has a combustion chamber 2, at one end of which a fuel injection nozzle 3 is provided for supplying fuel. An arrow at the end of the combustion chamber 2 opposite the fuel injection nozzle 3 indicates the hot combustion gas stream emerging from the combustion chamber 2, which is fed to a particle filter system (not shown) in the exhaust tract of a diesel engine, so that the particle filter or filters are regenerated can, whereby the combustion of the soot particles in the soot filter can be initiated with the hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber 2. The nozzle jet emitted from the orifice 4 of the fuel injection nozzle 3 is entered in broken lines. Viewed in the direction of this nozzle jet, a baffle body, generally designated 5, is arranged at a distance from the mouth opening 4 of the fuel injection nozzle 3, which baffle is formed in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 by a baffle plate 6, which according to FIG the wall 8 of the combustion chamber 2 is attached. Oxygen-rich air, such as fresh air or additional air, preferably enters the combustion chamber 2 via the opening indicated schematically by 9. At the end of the combustion chamber 2 facing away from the fuel injection nozzle 3, an inlet 10 is shown, through which exhaust gases coming from the internal combustion engine are introduced into the combustion chamber 2 will. Furthermore, an ignition device is shown schematically, provided with the reference number 11 in the figures.

Der Staukörper 5 unterteilt die Brennkammer 2 in eine zwischen der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 und dem Staukörper 5 liegende erste Zone 2a und eine stromabwärts von dem Staukörper 5 liegende zweite Zone 2b.The bluff body 5 divides the combustion chamber 2 into a first zone 2a lying between the fuel injection nozzle 3 and the bluff body 5 and a second zone 2b lying downstream of the bluff body 5.

Nachstehend wird die Arbeitsweise des vorstehend erläuterten Brenners 1 näher beschrieben. Bei dem Brenner 1 wird in der ersten Zone 2a um die Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 unter Zuleitung von Zusatzluft der die Öffnung 9 ein äußerst zündwilliges Gemisch aus Brennstoff und Brennluft aufbereitet, wobei ein Teil des von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 abgegebenen Brennstoffs auf den Staukörper 5 trifft. Mit Hilfe der Zündeinrichtung 11 wird dieses so aufbereitete Gemisch in der ersten Zone 2a der Brennkammer 2 gezündet und es bildet sich in dieser ersten Zone 2a eine Pilotflamme aus. Durch diese Pilotflamme wärmt sich der Staukörper 5, der nach den Fig.1 und 2 als Stauscheibe 6 ausgelegt ist, auf und hierdurch wird die Brennstoffverdampfung des auf den Staukörper 5 auftreffenden Brennstoffteils des Brennstoffstrahls, der von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 kommt, intensiviert, indem durch die durch die Aufwärmung des Staukörpers 5 bewirkte Temperaturanhebung die Umgebungstemperatur in der Brennkammer 2 erhöht wird. Der so gebildete Brennstoffdampf wird von dem Teil des Brennstoffs mitgerissen, der an dem Staukörper 5 vorbei in die Brennkammer gelangt, so daß dann mit Hilfe der Pilotflamme in der ersten Zone 2a das Gasgemisch in der zweiten Zone 2b der Brennkammer mit Hilfe der hierbei freigesetzten Energie zuverlässig zum Brennen gebracht werden kann. Dieses Gasgemisch in der zweiten Zone 2b der Brennkammer 2 enthält als Hauptbrennstoff die über den Einlaß 10 eingeleiteten Abgase der Brennkraftmaschine, deren Sauerstoffgehalt und deren Menge sowie Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sich in Abhängigkeit von den Betriebsbedingungen der Brennkraftmaschine stark ändern können. Der Staukörper 5 unterstützt zugleich die Durchmischung von Brennstoff und Gas in der Zone 2b der Brennkammer 2, da durch den Staukörper 5 eine Verwirbelung des Gasgemisches erzeugt wird.The operation of the burner 1 explained above will be described below. In the burner 1, an extremely combustible mixture of fuel and combustion air is prepared in the first zone 2a around the fuel injector 3 with the supply of additional air through the opening 9, a portion of the fuel discharged from the fuel injector 3 striking the bluff body 5. With the aid of the ignition device 11, the mixture thus prepared is ignited in the first zone 2a of the combustion chamber 2 and a pilot flame is formed in this first zone 2a. This pilot flame heats the bluff body 5, which is designed as a baffle plate 6 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, and as a result the fuel vaporization of the fuel part of the fuel jet that strikes the bluff body 5, which comes from the fuel injection nozzle 3, is intensified by the temperature increase caused by the heating of the bluff body 5 increases the ambient temperature in the combustion chamber 2. The fuel vapor formed in this way is entrained by the part of the fuel which passes the bluff body 5 and into the combustion chamber, so that with the aid of the pilot flame in the first zone 2a, the gas mixture in the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber with the aid of the energy released in the process can be reliably made to burn. This gas mixture in the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2 contains as main fuel the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine introduced via the inlet 10, their oxygen content and their quantity and flow rate can change significantly depending on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. The bluff body 5 also supports the mixing of fuel and gas in the zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2, since the bluff body 5 creates a swirling of the gas mixture.

Im Brennbetrieb des Brenners 1 kommt der Staukörper 5 zum Glühen, und durch die hierbei abgestrahlte Wärme des glühenden Staukörpers 5 wird die Flammrückzündgeschwindigkeit im Bereich der Flammwurzel aufgrund der Lage des Staukörpers 5 erhöht, so daß in der Brennkammer 2 eine stabile Flamme aufrechterhalten wird. Selbst wenn über den Einlaß 10 Abgas mit niedrigem Sauerstoffgehalt und/oder hohe Abgasmengen bzw. das Abgas mit hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit eintritt, wird dank der erfindungsgemäßen Auslegung wirksam ein Abriß der Flamme in der Brennkammer 2 und hierdurch ein Verlöschen der Flamme vermieden. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Brenner kann somit beim Einleiten des Brennbetriebes zuverlässig eine Art Pilotflamme in der ersten Zone 2a der Brennkammer 2 durch die Unterstützung des Staukörpers 5 erzeugt werden, so daß auch unter äußerst ungünstigen Bedingungen das schwer entzündbare Gasgemisch in der zweiten Zone 2b der Brennkammer 2 zum Brennen gebracht werden kann. Im Brennbetrieb des Brenners 1 wird mit Hilfe des Staukörpers 5 eine stabile Flamme in der Brennkammer 2 selbst bei ungünstigen Brennbedingungen in der zweiten Zone 2b der Brennkammer 2 aufrechterhalten.In the burning operation of the burner 1, the bluff body 5 begins to glow, and the heat radiated from the glowing bluff body 5 increases the flame re-ignition speed in the region of the flame root due to the position of the bluff body 5, so that a stable flame is maintained in the combustion chamber 2. Even if exhaust gas with a low oxygen content and / or high exhaust gas quantities or the exhaust gas with a high flow velocity occurs via the inlet 10, the inventive design effectively prevents the flame in the combustion chamber 2 from being broken off and thereby the flame from extinguishing. In the burner according to the invention, a type of pilot flame can thus be reliably generated in the first zone 2a of the combustion chamber 2 by the support of the bluff body 5, so that even under extremely unfavorable conditions, the flame-retardant gas mixture in the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2 for Burn can be brought. In the burning mode of the burner 1, a stable flame is maintained in the combustion chamber 2 with the aid of the bluff body 5, even under unfavorable burning conditions in the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2.

Die nachstehend erläuterten Ausführungsvarianten des Brenners 1 stimmen hinsichtlich der Wirkungs- und Funktionsweise über-  ein, so daß nachstehend lediglich die konstruktiven Unterschiede zu der anhand den Fig. 1 und 2 erläuterten Ausführungsform des Brenners 1 näher beschrieben werden.The design variants of the burner 1 explained below correspond in terms of their mode of operation and functioning, so that only the structural differences from the embodiment of the burner 1 explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 are described in more detail below.

Der Brenner 1 nach Fig. 3 weist als Staukörper 5a eine Lochscheibe 14 auf, die an der Wand 8 der Brennkammer 2 in einem Abstand von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 angebracht ist. Die Lochscheibe 14 hat etwa in axialer Verlängerung der Mündungsöffnung 4 der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 wenigstens eine Mittelöffnung 15, durch die Brennstoff von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 in die zweite Zone 2b der Brennkammer 2 gelangen kann. Der andere Teil des von der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 abgegebenen Brennstoffes trifft auf den scheibenförmigen Teil der Lochscheibe 14 auf, so daß der Staukörper 5a in Form der Lochscheibe 14 zu den im wesentlichen gleichen Effekten wie der Staukörper 5 in Form der Stauscheibe 6 nach den Fig. 1 und 2 führt.The burner 1 according to FIG. 3 has a perforated disk 14 as the baffle 5a, which is in one on the wall 8 of the combustion chamber 2 Distance from the fuel injector 3 is attached. The perforated disk 14 has approximately in the axial extension of the mouth opening 4 of the fuel injection nozzle 3 at least one central opening 15 through which fuel can pass from the fuel injection nozzle 3 into the second zone 2b of the combustion chamber 2. The other part of the fuel emitted by the fuel injection nozzle 3 strikes the disk-shaped part of the perforated disk 14, so that the bluff body 5a in the form of the perforated disk 14 has the essentially same effects as the bluff body 5 in the form of the baffle disk 6 according to FIG. 1 and 2 leads.

Beim Brenner 1 nach Fig. 4 ist ein Staukörper 5b vorgesehen, der den freien Durchtrittsquerschnitt der Brennkammer 2 reduziert. Wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist, ist der Staukörper 5b in Form einer Einschnürung der Brennkammer 2 ausgebildet. Mit diesem Staukörper 5b in Form einer Einschnürung 16 werden im wesentlichen dieselben Effekte wie vorangehend im Zusammenhang mit der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 1 und 2 erzielt.4, a bluff body 5b is provided which reduces the free passage cross section of the combustion chamber 2. As shown in FIG. 4, the bluff body 5b is designed in the form of a constriction of the combustion chamber 2. This bluff body 5b in the form of a constriction 16 essentially achieves the same effects as previously in connection with the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf das vorliegende Beispiel beschränkt, sondern es sind zahlreiche Abänderungen und Modifikationen möglich, die der Fachmann im Bedarfsfall treffen wird, ohne den Erfindungsgedanken zu verlassen. Insbesondere können auch Kombinationen der vorangehend erläuterten Ausbildungsformen des Staukörpers 5, 5a, 5b vorgesehen werden, oder des können beispielsweise in Abständen voneinander entfernt auch zwei oder mehrere Staukörper 5, 5a, 5b in Strömungsrichtung gesehen hintereinander angeordnet werden. Selbstverständlich kann die Wirkung des Staukörpers 5, 5a, 5b auch durch eine entsprechende Ausbildung der Innenwand 8 des Brennkammer 2 und/oder eine entsprechende Anordnung der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 erzielt werden. Ferner ist es möglich, daß die Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3 auch in Abweichung von den dargestellten Beispielen nicht koaxial in der Brennkammer 2 vorgesehen ist, sondern beispielsweise achsversetzt oder geneigt angeordnet sein kann.Of course, the invention is not limited to the present example, but numerous changes and modifications are possible, which the person skilled in the art will make if necessary, without departing from the inventive concept. In particular, combinations of the above-described embodiments of the bluff body 5, 5a, 5b can also be provided, or two or more bluff bodies 5, 5a, 5b can be arranged one behind the other, for example at a distance from one another, as seen in the flow direction. Of course, the effect of the bluff body 5, 5a, 5b can also be achieved by a corresponding design of the inner wall 8 of the combustion chamber 2 and / or a corresponding arrangement of the fuel injection nozzle 3. It is also possible that the fuel injector 3 is not coaxial in deviation from the examples shown the combustion chamber 2 is provided, but can for example be arranged offset or inclined.

Wie in Fig. 1 in gebrochenen Linien eingetragen ist, kann die Stauscheibe 6 ach ein Staukegel 5' oder einen kugelschalenförmigen Staukörper 5" ersetzt werden. Als Staukörper 5 kann auch ein solcher mit Kugelgestalt gewählt werden. Hierdurch kann bei fertigungstechnischer Vereinfachung ein effizienterer Betrieb des Brenners 1 erreicht werden.As shown in broken lines in FIG. 1, the baffle plate 6 can also be replaced by a baffle cone 5 ′ or a spherical shell-shaped baffle body 5 ″. As a baffle body 5, one with a spherical shape can also be selected Brenner 1 can be reached.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

11
Brenner insgesamtTotal burner
22nd
BrennkammerCombustion chamber
2a2a
erste Zonefirst zone
2b2 B
zweite Zonesecond zone
33rd
BrennstoffeinspritzdüseFuel injector
44th
Mündungsöffnung von Brennstoffeinspritzdüse 3Mouth opening of fuel injector 3
55
StaukörperBluff body
5a5a
Staukörper in Fig. 3Bluff body in Fig. 3
5b5b
Staukörper in Fig. 4Bluff body in Fig. 4
66
StauscheibeBaffle plate
77
StegeWalkways
88th
Wand von Brennkammer 2Wall of combustion chamber 2
99
Öffnung für BrennluftOpening for combustion air
1010th
Einlaß für AbgaseInlet for exhaust gases
1111
ZündeinrichtungIgnition device
1414
Lochscheibe in Fig. 3Perforated disc in Fig. 3
1515
Mittelöffnung derselbenMiddle opening of the same
1616
Einschnürung in Fig. 4Constriction in Fig. 4
5'5 '
StaukegelCone
5"5 "
KugelschaleSpherical shell

Claims (9)

  1. Burner operated with the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine and having a combustion chamber (2), an ignition device (11) and a fuel injection nozzle (3), a baffle (5, 5a, 5b, 5', 5") located in the jet direction of the fuel injection nozzle (3) and spaced from the opening (4) thereof and extending roughly at right angles to the centre axis of the nozzle (3) and subdividing the combustion chamber (2) in the axial direction into a first zone (2a) between the baffle (5, 5a, 5b, 5', 5") and the opening (4) of the fuel injection nozzle (3) and a second zone (2b) positioned downstream of the baffle (5, 5a, 5b, 5', 5"), with at least one opening (9) issuing into the vicinity of the first zone (2a) for the supply of air and an inlet (10) for the internal combustion engine exhaust gas issuing in the vicinity of the second zone (2b), characterized in that part of the fuel supplied by the fuel injection nozzle (3) directly meets the baffle (5, 5a, 5b, 5', 5") for forming a pilot flame, whilst the remainder passes with the exhaust gas into the second zone (2b) for the formation of an ignitible and combustible mixture.
  2. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the baffle (5) is constructed as a baffle plate (6).
  3. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the baffle (5a) is formed by a perforated disk (14) having at least one central opening (15) and which is fitted to the wall (8) of the combustion chamber (2).
  4. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the baffle (5b) is formed by a reduced diameter area of the combustion chamber (2).
  5. Burner according to claim 4, characterized in that the reduced diameter area is a constriction (16) of the combustion chamber (2).
  6. Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber (2) in the vicinity (2b) of its end remote from the fuel injection nozzle (3).
  7. Burner according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the baffle is constructed as a baffle cone (5').
  8. Burner according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the baffle (5, 5', 5") has a spherically curved surface in the jet direction.
  9. Burner according to claim 8, characterized in that the baffle is constructed as a spherical dish (5").
EP88118085A 1988-03-09 1988-10-31 Burner operated by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0331795B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3807632 1988-03-09
DE3807632 1988-03-09
DE3828256 1988-08-19
DE3828256A DE3828256A1 (en) 1988-03-09 1988-08-19 BURNER FOR HARD-FLAMMABLE GAS MIXTURES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0331795A1 EP0331795A1 (en) 1989-09-13
EP0331795B1 true EP0331795B1 (en) 1992-03-18

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EP (1) EP0331795B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02146408A (en)
DE (2) DE3828256A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH02146408A (en) 1990-06-05
EP0331795A1 (en) 1989-09-13
DE3869391D1 (en) 1992-04-23
US4955183A (en) 1990-09-11
DE3828256A1 (en) 1989-09-21

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