EP0532044A1 - Burner for a diesel engine exhaust particle filter - Google Patents

Burner for a diesel engine exhaust particle filter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0532044A1
EP0532044A1 EP92115610A EP92115610A EP0532044A1 EP 0532044 A1 EP0532044 A1 EP 0532044A1 EP 92115610 A EP92115610 A EP 92115610A EP 92115610 A EP92115610 A EP 92115610A EP 0532044 A1 EP0532044 A1 EP 0532044A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
fuel
combustion air
main
supply opening
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Granted
Application number
EP92115610A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0532044B1 (en
Inventor
Horst Jung
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Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
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J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0532044A1 publication Critical patent/EP0532044A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F01N3/0256—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases the fuel being ignited by electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for generating the heat required for the thermal regeneration of particle filters for diesel engine exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas from diesel engines contains particles that mainly consist of soot. Efforts are being made to realistically find feasible ways to retain these particles before the diesel engine exhaust gas is blown outside, and the most promising way to do this is to use particle filters in the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine in question. It has been shown, however, that the particle filters become clogged more and more after a relatively short operating time of the diesel engine, so that the particle filters have to be freed from the particles contained therein at relatively short time intervals.
  • the thermal regeneration of particle filters is known, in each case for a regeneration phase the temperature on the particle filter is increased by the supply of heat from a burner, that is to say brought to at least 650-700 ° C. as a rule, so that the particles held in the particle filter burn off.
  • burners for the thermal regeneration of particle filters are problematic.
  • a particular difficulty is that during the regeneration phase the burners generally have to generate a very different amount of heat per unit of time, which essentially depends on the amount of exhaust gas just occurring per unit of time and the temperature of the exhaust gas in the area of the particle filter, the amount of exhaust gas per unit of time in turn essentially depends on the current speed of the diesel engine.
  • Another difficulty is that, at least at certain times during the regeneration phase, the burner must generate very large amounts of heat.
  • large-volume diesel engines such as those e.g. are installed in trucks or buses, especially since the burner should also be as compact and space-saving as possible.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a burner for generating the heat required for the thermal regeneration of particle filters for diesel engine exhaust gas, the heating power can be controlled in a very wide range and which has a high maximum heating power with a compact structure.
  • a - preferably controllable - basic heating output is generated in the pre-combustion chamber, and the base heating output and the circumference of the main combustion chamber are generated by the basic heating output brought to high temperatures, or kept.
  • the main combustion chamber does not have its own electrical system Ignition device on. Rather, the fuel-air mixture of the main combustion chamber ignites on its hot combustion chamber floor. As a result, the fuel supply and the combustion air supply to the main combustion chamber can be varied within a wide range, so that there is an extremely large heating output control range for the burner overall.
  • the burner according to the invention is primarily intended for the so-called full-flow regeneration of particle filters.
  • the full-flow regeneration takes place during the operation of the diesel engine, the burner regulatingly generating so much heat that the exhaust gas has such a high temperature when it enters the particle filter that the particle filter is thermally regenerated.
  • the combustion air supply opening of the main combustion chamber and / or the combustion air supply opening of the pre-combustion chamber are preferably each connected to a combustion air blower or to a common combustion air blower. It is also preferred that these combustion air blowers or this common combustion air blower are designed so that the air delivery quantity per unit of time is a function of the speed of the diesel engine, to which the particle filter to be regenerated is assigned, so that the air delivery quantity is greater at a higher speed of the diesel engine and Conversely, an essentially existing proportionality between the speed of the diesel engine and the (respective) air delivery quantity is preferred. This dependency of the air delivery quantity on the diesel engine speed can be achieved, for example, by a variable speed fan, which can be driven mechanically by the diesel engine. Another possibility is to provide electrical, speed-adjustable fans. Yet another possibility is to provide a point with a controllably variable flow cross-section somewhere in the flow path of the combustion air from the (respective) combustion air blower to the respective combustion air supply opening.
  • the fuel supply opening of the main combustion chamber and / or the fuel supply opening of the pre-combustion chamber is preferably connected to a separate device or to a common device for supplying fuel with pressure or almost without pressure.
  • This device is preferably a mechanically driven by the diesel engine or an electrically driven fuel pump. It is further preferred to design this device so that the fuel delivery quantity per unit time is a function of the number of stretches of the diesel engine to which the particle filter to be regenerated is assigned.
  • Preferred options are also a device with a controlled variable speed and a point with a controlled variable flow cross-section, with additional reference being made to the statements above in connection with the combustion air supply.
  • the device for supplying the main fuel quantity such that its fuel supply quantity - preferably in addition to the dependency on the diesel engine speed - is a function of the exhaust gas temperature in the area of the particle filter. In this way, the exhaust gas temperature can be precisely regulated to the required regeneration temperature.
  • peripheral wall used in claim 1 does not imply a restriction to a substantially cylindrical configuration of the main combustion chamber and the pre-combustion chamber, although such a configuration is preferred.
  • the burner 2 shown in FIG. 1 has an essentially cylindrical main combustion chamber 4 and an essentially cylindrical pre-combustion chamber 6, which has a smaller diameter than the main combustion chamber 4, but need not necessarily have it.
  • the pre-combustion chamber 6 with its downstream, open end region 8 is inserted into the combustion chamber base 10 of the main combustion chamber 4 which has a corresponding opening, the end region 8 of the pre-combustion chamber 6 projecting a little into the main combustion chamber 4.
  • the main combustion chamber 4 and the pre-combustion chamber 6 are provided with a common, aligned axis 12.
  • the main combustion chamber 4 On the right in FIG. 1, the main combustion chamber 4 has its downstream, open end region 14, which is connected to the actual particle filter (cf. FIG. 2).
  • annular flange 16 is provided, with which the burner 2 can be fastened, for example, to the associated particle filter.
  • a fuel supply nozzle 18 is radially attached with a nozzle-like opening 20 near its end on the combustion chamber side.
  • a combustion air line opens into the circumferential wall of the main combustion chamber 4 in a substantially tangential direction with its combustion air supply opening 22.
  • the combustion air supply opening 22 and the fuel nozzle 20 are located a small distance in the axial direction downstream from the downstream end of the pre-combustion chamber .
  • a further combustion air line opens into the peripheral wall of the pre-combustion chamber 6 in a substantially tangential direction with a combustion air supply opening 24.
  • the combustion air supply opening 24 has a smaller flow cross section than the combustion air supply opening 22.
  • the pre-combustion chamber Upstream of the combustion air supply opening 24, i.e. further to the left in FIG. 1, the pre-combustion chamber has a radially attached, hollow connection piece 26, into which a glow plug 28 is screwed from the outside as an electrical ignition device.
  • a fuel line 32 with a fuel supply opening 34 opens into an annular space 30 between the filament of the glow plug 28 and the inner circumference of the connecting piece 26.
  • the fuel supply opening 34 in the connecting piece 26 or to the pre-combustion chamber 6 has a smaller flow cross section than the fuel Feed opening 20 or nozzle to the main combustion chamber 4.
  • the combustion flame can be limited to the interior of the pre-combustion chamber 6 or can extend a little into the main combustion chamber 4.
  • the end region of the pre-combustion chamber 6 protruding into the main combustion chamber 4 and the remaining combustion chamber bottom 10 of the main combustion chamber 4 adjoining it radially on the outside are at a high temperature as a result of the combustion described.
  • the amount of fuel supplied to the pre-combustion chamber 6 is called the basic fuel amount
  • the amount of combustion air supplied to the pre-combustion chamber 6 is called the basic combustion air amount.
  • Fuel that is supplied to the main combustion chamber 4 through the nozzle 20 evaporates in the hot, upstream end region of the main combustion chamber 4 and mixes with the combustion air supplied through the supply opening 22 and ignites on the combustion gases from the pre-combustion chamber 6 or at the hot end region 8 of the pre-combustion chamber.
  • the amount of fuel supplied through the nozzle 20 is called the main fuel amount
  • the amount of combustion air supplied through the orifice 22 is called the main combustion air amount.
  • FIG. 2 shows how the burner 2 described above is attached to an essentially cylindrical particle filter 40 on one end face in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the particle filter 40.
  • a particle filter body 42 for example in the form of a ceramic filter body, is arranged in the particle filter housing.
  • the exhaust gas of a diesel engine flows through an exhaust pipe 46 to a space 44 in front of the filter body 42.
  • the exhaust gas flows out of the particle filter 40 through an exhaust line 48 leading away at the end.
  • the main combustion chamber 4 of the burner 2 opens into the space 44, and the burner 2 is attached to the front side of the particle filter 40 opposite the exhaust gas line 48.
  • FIG. 2 also shows a blower 50 which is connected via lines 52 and 54 to the combustion air supply openings 22 and 24 described above.
  • a fuel pump 56 can be seen, which is connected via fuel lines 58 and 60 to the fuel supply openings 20 and 34 described above.
  • a control valve 62 is arranged in the fuel line 58, which leads to the fuel supply opening 20 of the main combustion chamber 4.
  • an electrical control device 64 can be seen, to which a temperature sensor 66 in the space 44 of the particle filter 40, the blower 50, the fuel pump 56 and the control valve 62 are connected.
  • the blower 50 and the fuel pump 56 are designed so that they deliver increasing amounts of combustion air or fuel at the speed of the diesel engine to which the particle filter 40 is assigned.
  • the amount of fuel supplied per unit of time through the combustion supply opening 20 of the main combustion chamber 4 can also be regulated by means of the control valve 62.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The burner (2) for producing the heat required for the thermal regeneration of particle filters (40) for diesel engine exhaust gases is characterised (a) in that it has a main combustion chamber (4), in the peripheral wall of which a fuel feed aperture (20) for a main fuel quantity and a combustion air feed aperture (22) for a main combustion air quantity are provided; (b) in that a precombustion chamber (6) is attached to the combustion chamber base (10) of the main combustion chamber (4); (c) in that on the peripheral wall of the precombustion chamber (6) a projecting, hollow connection (26) is provided, in which an electrical ignition device (22) is arranged and which has a fuel feed aperture (34) for a basic quantity of fuel; and (d) in that in the peripheral wall of the precombustion chamber (6) a combustion air feed aperture (24) is provided for a basic quantity of combustion air. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Brenner zur Erzeugung der für die thermische Regeneration von Partikelfiltern für Dieselmotorenabgas erforderlichen Wärme.The invention relates to a burner for generating the heat required for the thermal regeneration of particle filters for diesel engine exhaust gas.

Das Abgas von Dieselmotoren enthält bekanntlich Partikel, die hauptsächlich aus Ruß bestehen. Man ist bestrebt, realistisch gangbare Wege zu finden, diese Partikel zurückzuhalten, ehe das Dieselmotorenabgas ins Freie geblasen wird, und der Erfolg versprechendste Weg hierzu sind Partikelfilter in der Abgasleitung des betreffenden Dieselmotors. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, daß sich die Partikelfilter schon nach relativ kurzer Betriebszeit des Dieselmotors mehr und mehr zusetzen, so daß die Partikelfilter in relativ kurzen Zeitabständen von den darin festgehaltenen Partikeln wieder befreit werden müssen. Zu diesem Zweck ist die thermische Regeneration von Partikelfiltern bekannt, bei der jeweils für eine Regenerationsphase die Temperatur am Partikelfilter durch Wärmezufuhr von einem Brenner soweit gesteigert wird, d.h. auf in der Regel mindestens 650-700 °C gebracht wird, daß die im Partikelfilter festgehaltenen Partikel abbrennen.As is well known, the exhaust gas from diesel engines contains particles that mainly consist of soot. Efforts are being made to realistically find feasible ways to retain these particles before the diesel engine exhaust gas is blown outside, and the most promising way to do this is to use particle filters in the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine in question. It has been shown, however, that the particle filters become clogged more and more after a relatively short operating time of the diesel engine, so that the particle filters have to be freed from the particles contained therein at relatively short time intervals. For this purpose, the thermal regeneration of particle filters is known, in each case for a regeneration phase the temperature on the particle filter is increased by the supply of heat from a burner, that is to say brought to at least 650-700 ° C. as a rule, so that the particles held in the particle filter burn off.

Die technisch möglichst günstige Gestaltung von Brennern für die thermische Regeneration von Partikelfiltern ist problematisch. Eine besondere Schwierigkeit besteht darin, daß die Brenner während der Regenerationsphase in der Regel eine stark unterschiedliche Wärmemenge pro Zeiteinheit erzeugen müssen, die im wesentlichen von der gerade anfallenden Abgasmenge pro Zeiteinheit und der Temperatur des Abgases im Bereich des Partikelfilters abhängt, wobei die Abgasmenge pro Zeiteinheit ihrerseits im wesentlichen von der momentanen Drehzahl des Dieselmotors abhängt. Eine weitere Schwierigkeit besteht darin, daß zumindest zu gewissen Zeiten während der Regenerierrungsphase die Erzeugung sehr großer Wärmemengen durch den Brenner erforderlich ist. Die angeführten Schwierigkeiten sind besonders ausgeprägt bei großvolumigen Dieselmotoren, wie sie z.B. in Lastkraftwagen oder Omnibussen eingebaut sind, zumal der Brenner auch noch möglichst kompakt und platzsparend sein soll.The technically most favorable design of burners for the thermal regeneration of particle filters is problematic. A particular difficulty is that during the regeneration phase the burners generally have to generate a very different amount of heat per unit of time, which essentially depends on the amount of exhaust gas just occurring per unit of time and the temperature of the exhaust gas in the area of the particle filter, the amount of exhaust gas per unit of time in turn essentially depends on the current speed of the diesel engine. Another difficulty is that, at least at certain times during the regeneration phase, the burner must generate very large amounts of heat. The difficulties mentioned are particularly pronounced in large-volume diesel engines, such as those e.g. are installed in trucks or buses, especially since the burner should also be as compact and space-saving as possible.

Die Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Brenner zur Erzeugung der für die thermische Regeneration von Partikelfiltern für Dieselmotorenabgas erforderlichen Wärme zu schaffen, dessen Heizleistung sich in einem sehr weiten Bereich regeln läßt und der bei kompaktem Aufbau eine hohe Maximal-Heizleistung hat.The invention has for its object to provide a burner for generating the heat required for the thermal regeneration of particle filters for diesel engine exhaust gas, the heating power can be controlled in a very wide range and which has a high maximum heating power with a compact structure.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist der Brenner erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet,

  • (a) daß er eine Hauptbrennkammer aufweist, in deren Umfangswand eine Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung für eine Brennstoff-Hauptmenge und eine Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung für eine Verbrennungsluft-Hauptmenge vorgesehen sind;
  • (b) daß an dem Brennkammerboden der Hauptbrennkammer eine Vorbrennkammer angesetzt ist;
  • (c) daß an der Umfangswand der Vorbrennkammer ein fortragender, hohler Stutzen vorgesehen ist, in dem eine elektrische Zündeinrichtung angeordnet ist und der eine Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung für eine Brennstoff-Grundmenge aufweist; und
  • (d) daß in der Umfangswand der Vorbrennkammer eine Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung für eine Verbrennungsluft-Grundmenge vorgesehen ist.
To achieve this object, the burner is characterized according to the invention in that
  • (a) that it has a main combustion chamber, in the peripheral wall of which a fuel supply opening for a main fuel quantity and a combustion air supply opening for a main combustion air quantity are provided;
  • (b) that a pre-combustion chamber is attached to the combustion chamber bottom of the main combustion chamber;
  • (c) that on the circumferential wall of the pre-combustion chamber a supporting, hollow connection piece is provided, in which an electrical ignition device is arranged and which has a fuel supply opening for a basic fuel quantity; and
  • (d) that a combustion air supply opening for a basic combustion air quantity is provided in the peripheral wall of the pre-combustion chamber.

In der Vorbrennkammer wird eine - vorzugsweise regelbare - Grund-Heizleistung erzeugt, und durch die Grund-Heizleistung werden der Brennkammerboden und die Umfangs- der Hauptbrennkammer
auf hohe Temperaturen gebracht, bzw. gehalten. Die Hauptbrennkammer weist keine eigene elektrische
Zündeinrichtung auf. Vielmehr entzündet sich das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch der Hauptbrennkammer an deren heißem Brennkammerboden. Infolgedessen können die Brennstoffzufuhr und die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr zu der Hauptbrennkammer in weiten Bereichen variiert werden, so daß sich insgesamt ein extrem großer Heizleistungsregelbereich es Brenners ergibt.A - preferably controllable - basic heating output is generated in the pre-combustion chamber, and the base heating output and the circumference of the main combustion chamber are generated by the basic heating output
brought to high temperatures, or kept. The main combustion chamber does not have its own electrical system
Ignition device on. Rather, the fuel-air mixture of the main combustion chamber ignites on its hot combustion chamber floor. As a result, the fuel supply and the combustion air supply to the main combustion chamber can be varied within a wide range, so that there is an extremely large heating output control range for the burner overall.

Der erfindungsgemäße Brenner ist in erster Linie für die sogenannte Vollstrom-Regeneration von Partikelfiltern vorgesehen. Die Vollstrom-Regeneration erfolgt während des Betriebs des Dieselmotors, wobei der Brenner geregelt soviel Wärme erzeugt, daß das Abgas beim Eintritt in den Partikelfilter eine so hohe Temperatur hat, daß der Partikelfilter thermisch regeneriert wird.The burner according to the invention is primarily intended for the so-called full-flow regeneration of particle filters. The full-flow regeneration takes place during the operation of the diesel engine, the burner regulatingly generating so much heat that the exhaust gas has such a high temperature when it enters the particle filter that the particle filter is thermally regenerated.

Vorzugsweise ist die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung der Hauptbrennkammer und/oder die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung der Vorbrennkammer jeweils an ein Verbrennungsluftgebläse oder an ein gemeinsames Verbrennungsluftgebläse angeschlossen. Es ist darüber hinaus bevorzugt, daß diese Verbrennungsluftgebläse bzw. dieses gemeinsame Verbrennungsluftgebläse so ausgelegt sind, daß die Luftliefermenge pro Zeiteinheit eine Funktion der Drehzahl des Dieselmotors ist, dem der zu regenerierende Partikelfilter zugeordnet ist, so daß bei höherer Drehzahl des Dieselmotors die Luftliefermenge größer ist und
umgekehrt, wobei eine im wesentlichen vorhandene Proportionalität zwischen der Drehzahl des Dieselmotors und der (jeweiligen) Luftliefermenge bevorzugt ist. Diese Abhängigkeit der Luftliefermenge von der Dieselmotorendrehzahl kann man z.B. durch ein Gebläse variabler Drehzahl, das insbesondere mechanisch von dem Dieselmotor angetrieben sein kann, verwirklichen. Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, elektrische, drehzahlregelbare Gebläse vorzusehen. Noch eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, irgendwo in dem Strömungsweg der Verbrennungsluft von dem (jeweiligen) Verbrennungsluftgebläse zu der jeweiligen Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung eine Stelle mit steuerbar variablem Strömungsquerschnitt vorzusehen.The combustion air supply opening of the main combustion chamber and / or the combustion air supply opening of the pre-combustion chamber are preferably each connected to a combustion air blower or to a common combustion air blower. It is also preferred that these combustion air blowers or this common combustion air blower are designed so that the air delivery quantity per unit of time is a function of the speed of the diesel engine, to which the particle filter to be regenerated is assigned, so that the air delivery quantity is greater at a higher speed of the diesel engine and
Conversely, an essentially existing proportionality between the speed of the diesel engine and the (respective) air delivery quantity is preferred. This dependency of the air delivery quantity on the diesel engine speed can be achieved, for example, by a variable speed fan, which can be driven mechanically by the diesel engine. Another possibility is to provide electrical, speed-adjustable fans. Yet another possibility is to provide a point with a controllably variable flow cross-section somewhere in the flow path of the combustion air from the (respective) combustion air blower to the respective combustion air supply opening.

Vorzugsweise ist die Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung der Hauptbrennkammer und/oder die Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung der Vorbrennkammer an jeweils eine eigene oder an eine gemeinsame Einrichtung zum Zuführen von Brennstoff mit Druck oder auch nahezu drucklos angeschlossen. Diese Einrichtung ist vorzugsweise eine mechanisch von dem Dieselmotor oder eine elektrisch angetriebene Brennstoffpumpe. Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, diese Einrichtung so auszulegen, daß die Brennstoffliefermenge
pro Zeiteinheit eine Funktion der Dehzahl des Dieselmotors ist, dem der zu regenerierende Partikelfilter zugeordnet ist. Bevorzugte Möglichkeiten
sind auch hier eine Einrichtung mit gesteuert variabler Drehzahl und eine Stelle mit gesteuert variablem Strömungsquerschnitt, wobei ergänzend auf die Ausführungen weiter vorn im Zusammenhang mit der Verbrennungsluft-Zuführung hingewiesen wird.The fuel supply opening of the main combustion chamber and / or the fuel supply opening of the pre-combustion chamber is preferably connected to a separate device or to a common device for supplying fuel with pressure or almost without pressure. This device is preferably a mechanically driven by the diesel engine or an electrically driven fuel pump. It is further preferred to design this device so that the fuel delivery quantity
per unit time is a function of the number of stretches of the diesel engine to which the particle filter to be regenerated is assigned. Preferred options
are also a device with a controlled variable speed and a point with a controlled variable flow cross-section, with additional reference being made to the statements above in connection with the combustion air supply.

Schließlich ist es bevorzugt, die Einrichtung zum Zuführen der Brennstoff-Hauptmenge so auszulegen, daß deren Brennstoffliefermenge - vorzugsweise zusätzlich zur Abhängigkeit von der Dieselmotorendrehzahl - eine Funktion der Abgastemperatur im Bereich des Partikelfilters ist. Auf diese Weise kann man die Abgastempereratur genau auf die erforderliche Regenerationstemperatur regeln.Finally, it is preferred to design the device for supplying the main fuel quantity such that its fuel supply quantity - preferably in addition to the dependency on the diesel engine speed - is a function of the exhaust gas temperature in the area of the particle filter. In this way, the exhaust gas temperature can be precisely regulated to the required regeneration temperature.

Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß der im Anspruch 1 verwendete Begriff "Umfangswand" keine Beschränkung auf eine im wesentlichen zylinderische Konfiguration der Hauptbrennkammer und der Vorbrennkammer bedeutet, wiewohl eine solche Konfiguration bevorzugt ist.It should be noted that the term "peripheral wall" used in claim 1 does not imply a restriction to a substantially cylindrical configuration of the main combustion chamber and the pre-combustion chamber, although such a configuration is preferred.

Die Erfindung und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand eines zeichnerisch dargestellten Auführungsbeispiels noch näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Figur 1 einen Brenner
für einen Partikelfilter im Längsschnitt durch seine Achse;
Figur 2 schematisiert
die Anordnung des Brenners von Figur 1 an dem Partikelfilter.
The invention and refinements of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows:
1 shows a burner
for a particle filter in longitudinal section through its axis;
Figure 2 schematized
the arrangement of the burner of Figure 1 on the particle filter.

Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Brenner 2 weist eine im wesentlichen zylinderische Hauptbrennkammer 4 und eine im wesentlichen zylinderische Vorbrennkammer 6 auf, die einen kleineren Durchmesser als die Hauptbrennkammer 4 hat, aber nicht unbedingt haben muß. Die Vorbrennkammer 6 ist mit ihrem stromabseitigen,
offenen Endbereich 8 in den dort eine entsprechende Öffnung aufweisenden Brennkammerboden 10 der Hauptbrennkammer 4 eingesetzt, wobei der Endbereich 8 der Vorbrennkammer 6 ein Stück in die Hauptbrennkammer 4 hineinragt. Die Hauptbrennkammer 4 und die Vorbrennkammer 6 sind mit einer gemeinsamen, fluchtenden Achse 12 vorgesehen.
Rechts in Figur 1 hat die Hauptbrennkammer 4 ihren stromabseitigen, offenen Endbereich 14, der an den eigentlichen Partikelfilter angeschlossen ist (vgl. Fig.2).The burner 2 shown in FIG. 1 has an essentially cylindrical main combustion chamber 4 and an essentially cylindrical pre-combustion chamber 6, which has a smaller diameter than the main combustion chamber 4, but need not necessarily have it. The pre-combustion chamber 6 with its downstream,
open end region 8 is inserted into the combustion chamber base 10 of the main combustion chamber 4 which has a corresponding opening, the end region 8 of the pre-combustion chamber 6 projecting a little into the main combustion chamber 4. The main combustion chamber 4 and the pre-combustion chamber 6 are provided with a common, aligned axis 12.
On the right in FIG. 1, the main combustion chamber 4 has its downstream, open end region 14, which is connected to the actual particle filter (cf. FIG. 2).

An der Außenseite der Hauptbrennkammer 4 ist ein ringförmiger Flansch 16 vorgesehen, mit dem sich der Brenner 2 beispielsweise an dem zugeordneten Partikelfilter befestigen läßt.On the outside of the main combustion chamber 4, an annular flange 16 is provided, with which the burner 2 can be fastened, for example, to the associated particle filter.

In die Umfangswand der Hauptbrennkammer 4 ist radial ein Brennstoff-Zuführstutzen 18 mit einer düsenartigen Öffnung 20 nahe seinem brennkammerseitigen Ende angebracht. In der Nähe der Düse 20 mündet in die Umfangswand der Hauptbrennkammer 4 eine Verbrennungsluftleitung in im wesentlichen tangentialer Richtung mit ihrer Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung 22. Die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung 22 und die Brennstoffdüse 20 befinden sich ein kleines Stück in Axialrichtung stromab von dem stromabseitigen Ende der Vorbrennkammer.In the peripheral wall of the main combustion chamber 4, a fuel supply nozzle 18 is radially attached with a nozzle-like opening 20 near its end on the combustion chamber side. In the vicinity of the nozzle 20, a combustion air line opens into the circumferential wall of the main combustion chamber 4 in a substantially tangential direction with its combustion air supply opening 22. The combustion air supply opening 22 and the fuel nozzle 20 are located a small distance in the axial direction downstream from the downstream end of the pre-combustion chamber .

In die Umfangswand der Vorbrennkammer 6 mündet eine weitere Verbrennungsluftleitung in im wesentlichen tangentialer Richtung mit einer Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung 24. Die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung 24 hat einen kleineren Strömungsquerschnitt als die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung 22. Stromaufwärts von der Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung 24, d.h. weiter links in Figur 1, weist die Vorbrennkammer einen radial angebrachten, hohlen Stutzen 26 auf, in den von außen her eine Glühkerze 28 als elektrische Zündeinrichtung eingeschraubt ist. In einen Ringraum 30 zwischen der Glühwendel der Glühkerze 28 und dem Innenumfang des Stutzens 26 mündet eine Brennstoffleitung 32 mit einer Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung 34. Die Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung 34 in dem Stutzen 26 bzw. zu der Vorbrennkammer 6 hat einen kleineren Strömungsquerschnitt als die Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung 20 bzw. Düse zu der Hauptbrennkammer 4.A further combustion air line opens into the peripheral wall of the pre-combustion chamber 6 in a substantially tangential direction with a combustion air supply opening 24. The combustion air supply opening 24 has a smaller flow cross section than the combustion air supply opening 22. Upstream of the combustion air supply opening 24, i.e. further to the left in FIG. 1, the pre-combustion chamber has a radially attached, hollow connection piece 26, into which a glow plug 28 is screwed from the outside as an electrical ignition device. A fuel line 32 with a fuel supply opening 34 opens into an annular space 30 between the filament of the glow plug 28 and the inner circumference of the connecting piece 26. The fuel supply opening 34 in the connecting piece 26 or to the pre-combustion chamber 6 has a smaller flow cross section than the fuel Feed opening 20 or nozzle to the main combustion chamber 4.

Durch die Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung 34 eintretender, flüssiger Brennstoff, z.B. Dieselkraftstoff, entzündet sich im Bereich der Glühkerze 28 und verbrennt mit Verbrennungsluft, die durch die Zuführöffnung 24 eintritt.Liquid fuel, for example diesel fuel, entering through the fuel supply opening 34 ignites in the region of the glow plug 28 and burns with combustion air which enters through the supply opening 24.

Dabei kann die Verbrennungsflamme auf das Innere der Vorbrennkammer 6 beschränkt sein oder sich ein Stück in die Hauptbrennkammer 4 hineinerstrecken. Der in die Hauptbrennkammer 4 hineinragende Endbereich der Vorbrennkammer 6 und der daran radial außen anschließende, restliche Brennkammerboden 10 der Hauptbrennkammer 4 befinden sich infolge der geschilderten Verbrennung auf hoher Temperatur. Die der Vorbrennkammer 6 zugeführte Brennstoffmenge wird Brennstoff-Grundmenge genannt, und die der Vorbrennkammer 6 zugeführte Verbrennungsluftmenge wird Verbrennungsluft-Grundmenge genannt.The combustion flame can be limited to the interior of the pre-combustion chamber 6 or can extend a little into the main combustion chamber 4. The end region of the pre-combustion chamber 6 protruding into the main combustion chamber 4 and the remaining combustion chamber bottom 10 of the main combustion chamber 4 adjoining it radially on the outside are at a high temperature as a result of the combustion described. The amount of fuel supplied to the pre-combustion chamber 6 is called the basic fuel amount, and the amount of combustion air supplied to the pre-combustion chamber 6 is called the basic combustion air amount.

Brennstoff, der der Hauptbrennkammer 4 durch die Düse 20 zugeführt wird, verdampft in dem heißen, stromaufseitigen Endbereich der Hauptbrennkammer 4 und vermischt sich mit der durch die Zuführöffnung 22 zugeführten Verbrennungsluft und entzündet sich an den Verbrennungsgasen aus der Vorbrennkammer 6 bzw. an dem heißen Endbereich 8 der Vorbrennkammer. Die durch die Düse 20 zugeführte Brennstoffmenge wird Brennstoff-Hauptmenge genannt, und die durch die Mündung 22 zugeführte Verbrennungsluftmenge wird Verbrennungsluft-Hauptmenge genannt.Fuel that is supplied to the main combustion chamber 4 through the nozzle 20 evaporates in the hot, upstream end region of the main combustion chamber 4 and mixes with the combustion air supplied through the supply opening 22 and ignites on the combustion gases from the pre-combustion chamber 6 or at the hot end region 8 of the pre-combustion chamber. The amount of fuel supplied through the nozzle 20 is called the main fuel amount, and the amount of combustion air supplied through the orifice 22 is called the main combustion air amount.

Figur 2 zeigt, wie der vorstehend beschriebene Brenner 2 an einem im wesentlichen zylinderischen Partikelfilter 40 an einer Stirnseite mit der Längsachse des Partikelfilters 40 fluchtend angebracht ist. In dem Partikelfiltergehäuse ist ein Partikelfilterkörper 42, beispielsweise in Form eines keramischen Filterkörpers, angeordnet. Einem Raum 44 vor dem Filterkörper 42 strömt das Abgas eines Dieselmotors durch eine Abgasleitung 46 zu. Von dem Partikelfilter 40 strömt das Abgas durch eine stirnseitig wegführende Abgasleitung 48 ab. Die Hauptbrennkammer 4 des Brenners 2 mündet in den Raum 44, und der Brenner 2 ist an der der abführenden Abgasleitung 48 entgegengesetzten Stirnseite des Partikelfilters 40 angebaut.FIG. 2 shows how the burner 2 described above is attached to an essentially cylindrical particle filter 40 on one end face in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the particle filter 40. A particle filter body 42, for example in the form of a ceramic filter body, is arranged in the particle filter housing. The exhaust gas of a diesel engine flows through an exhaust pipe 46 to a space 44 in front of the filter body 42. The exhaust gas flows out of the particle filter 40 through an exhaust line 48 leading away at the end. The The main combustion chamber 4 of the burner 2 opens into the space 44, and the burner 2 is attached to the front side of the particle filter 40 opposite the exhaust gas line 48.

In Figur 2 erkennt man ferner ein Gebläse 50, welches über Leitungen 52 und 54 mit den weiter vorn beschriebenen Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnungen 22 und 24 verbunden ist. Außerdem erkennt man eine Brennstoffpumpe 56, die über Brennstoffleitungen 58 und 60 mit den weiter vorn beschriebenen Brennstoff-Zuführöffnungen 20 und 34 verbunden ist. In der Brennstoffleitung 58, die zu der Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung 20 der Hauptbrennkammer 4 führt, ist ein Regelventil 62 angeordnet. Schließlich erkennt man ein elektrisches Steuergerät 64, an das ein Temperaturfühler 66 in dem Raum 44 des Partikelfilters 40, das Gebläse 50, die Brennstoffpumpe 56 und das Regelventil 62 angeschlossen sind.FIG. 2 also shows a blower 50 which is connected via lines 52 and 54 to the combustion air supply openings 22 and 24 described above. In addition, a fuel pump 56 can be seen, which is connected via fuel lines 58 and 60 to the fuel supply openings 20 and 34 described above. A control valve 62 is arranged in the fuel line 58, which leads to the fuel supply opening 20 of the main combustion chamber 4. Finally, an electrical control device 64 can be seen, to which a temperature sensor 66 in the space 44 of the particle filter 40, the blower 50, the fuel pump 56 and the control valve 62 are connected.

Das Gebläse 50 und die Brennstoffpumpe 56 sind so ausgelegt, daß sie mit der Drehzahl des Dieselmotors, dem der Partikelfilter 40 zugeordnet ist, zunehmende Verbrennungsluftmenge bzw. Brennstoffmenge liefern. Die durch die Brenn-Zuführöffnung 20 der Hauptbrennkammer 4 pro Zeiteinheit zugeführte Brennstoffmenge kann außerdem mittels des Regelventils 62 geregelt werden.The blower 50 and the fuel pump 56 are designed so that they deliver increasing amounts of combustion air or fuel at the speed of the diesel engine to which the particle filter 40 is assigned. The amount of fuel supplied per unit of time through the combustion supply opening 20 of the main combustion chamber 4 can also be regulated by means of the control valve 62.

Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß für jede Verbrennungsluftleitung 52 und 54 auch jeweils ein eigenes Gebläse vorgesehen sein kann und daß für jede Brennstoffleitung 58 und 60 jeweils eine eigene Brennstoffpumpe vorgesehen sein kann. Ferner wird darauf hingewiesen, daß es durchaus möglich ist, die Vorbrennkammer 6 mit ungeregelter, d.h. konstanter, zeitlicher Verbrennungsluftmenge und Brennstoffmenge zu betreiben.It is pointed out that a separate blower can also be provided for each combustion air line 52 and 54 and that a separate fuel pump can be provided for each fuel line 58 and 60. It is also pointed out that it is entirely possible to use the pre-combustion chamber 6 with an uncontrolled, ie to operate a constant, temporal amount of combustion air and fuel.

Claims (9)

Brenner (2) zur Erzeugung der für die thermische Regeneration von Partikelfiltern (40) für Dieselmotorenabgas erforderliche Wärme,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, (a) daß er eine Hauptbrennkammer (4) aufweist, in deren Umfangswand eine Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung (20) für eine Brennstoff-Hauptmenge und eine Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung (22) für eine Verbrennungsluft-Hauptmenge vorgesehen sind; (b) daß an dem Brennkammerboden (10) der Hauptbrennkammer (4) eine Vorbrennkammer (6) angesetzt ist; (c) daß an der Umfangswand der Vorbrennkammer (6) ein fortragender, hohler Stutzen (26) vorgesehen ist, in dem eine elektrische Zündeinrichtung (22) angeordnet ist und der eine Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung (34) für eine Brennstoff-Grundmenge aufweist; und (d) daß in der Umfangswand der Vorbrennkammer (6) eine Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung (24) für eine Verbrennungsluft-Grundmenge vorgesehen ist. Burners (2) for generating the heat required for the thermal regeneration of particle filters (40) for diesel engine exhaust gas,
characterized, (a) that it has a main combustion chamber (4), in the peripheral wall of which a fuel supply opening (20) for a main fuel quantity and a combustion air supply opening (22) for a main combustion air quantity are provided; (b) that a pre-combustion chamber (6) is attached to the combustion chamber base (10) of the main combustion chamber (4); (c) that on the circumferential wall of the pre-combustion chamber (6) a supporting, hollow connection piece (26) is provided, in which an electrical ignition device (22) is arranged and which has a fuel supply opening (34) for a basic fuel quantity; and (d) that a combustion air supply opening (24) for a basic quantity of combustion air is provided in the peripheral wall of the pre-combustion chamber (6). Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung (20) der Hauptbrennkammer (4) an ein Verbrennungsluftgebläse (50) angeschlossen ist, dessen Luftliefermenge pro Zeiteinheit eine Funktion der Drehzahl des Dieselmotors ist, dem der zu regenerierende Partikelfilter (40) zugeordnet ist.Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion air supply opening (20) of the main combustion chamber (4) is connected to a combustion air blower (50), the air delivery quantity per unit of time is a function of the speed of the diesel engine to which the particle filter (40) to be regenerated assigned. Brenner nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung (24) der Vorbrennkammer (6) an ein Verbrennungsluftgebläse (50) angeschlossen ist, dessen Luftliefermenge pro Zeiteinheit eine Funktion der Drehzahl des Dieselmotors ist, dem der zu regenerierende Partikelfilter (40) zugeordnet ist.Burner according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the combustion air supply opening (24) of the pre-combustion chamber (6) is connected to a combustion air blower (50), the air delivery quantity per unit of time is a function of the speed of the diesel engine to which the Regenerating particle filter (40) is assigned. Brenner nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein gemeinsames Verbrennungsluftgebläse für die Verbrennungsluft-Hauptmenge und die Verbrennungsluft-Grundmenge vorgesehen ist, wobei der Zuströmungsquerschnitt für die Verbrennungsluft-Hauptmenge größer ist als der Zuströmungsquerschnitt für die Verbrennungsluft-Grundmenge.Burner according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a common combustion air blower is provided for the main quantity of combustion air and the basic quantity of combustion air, the inflow cross section for the main quantity of combustion air being larger than the inflow cross section for the basic quantity of combustion air. Brenner nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung (22) der Hauptbrennkammer (4) und/oder die Verbrennungsluft-Zuführöffnung (24) der Vorbrennkammer mit Tagentialkomponente einmündet.Burner according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the combustion air supply opening (22) of the main combustion chamber (4) and / or the combustion air supply opening (24) of the pre-combustion chamber opens with a tag component. Brenner nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung (20) der Hauptbrennkammer (4) an eine Einrichtung (56) zum Zuführen der Brennstoff-Hauptmenge angeschlossen ist, deren Brennstoffliefermenge pro Zeiteinheit eine Funktion der Drehzahl des Dieselmotors ist, dem der zu regenerierende Partikelfilter (40) angeordnet ist.Burner according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fuel supply opening (20) of the main combustion chamber (4) is connected to a device (56) for supplying the main quantity of fuel, the quantity of fuel delivered per unit of time as a function of the speed of the Is diesel engine, to which the particle filter (40) to be regenerated is arranged. Brenner nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung (34) der Vorbrennkammer (6) an eine Einrichtung (56) zum Zuführen der Brennstoff-Grundmenge angeschlossen ist, deren Brennstoffliefermenge pro Zeiteinheit eine Funktion der Drehzahl des Dieselmotors ist, dem der zu regenerierende Partikelfilter (40) zugeordnet ist.Burner according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fuel supply opening (34) of the pre-combustion chamber (6) is connected to a device (56) for supplying the basic fuel quantity, the fuel delivery quantity per unit of time being a function of the speed of the Is diesel engine, to which the particle filter (40) to be regenerated is assigned. Brenner nach Anspruch 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine gemeinsame Einrichtung (56) zum Zuführen der Brennstoff-Hauptmenge und der Brennstoff-Grundmenge vorgesehen ist.Burner according to Claims 6 and 7, characterized in that a common device (56) is provided for supplying the main fuel quantity and the basic fuel quantity. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennstoff-Zuführöffnung (20) der Hauptbrennkammer (4) an eine Einrichtung (56, 58, 62)zum Zuführen der Brennstoff-Hauptmenge angeschlossen ist, deren Brennstoffliefermenge eine Funktion der Abgastemperatur im Bereich des Partikelfilters (40) ist.Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the fuel supply opening (20) of the main combustion chamber (4) is connected to a device (56, 58, 62) for supplying the main fuel quantity, the fuel delivery quantity of which is a function of the exhaust gas temperature is in the area of the particle filter (40).
EP92115610A 1991-09-12 1992-09-11 Burner for a diesel engine exhaust particle filter Expired - Lifetime EP0532044B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4130377A DE4130377A1 (en) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 BURNER FOR DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST PARTICLE FILTER
DE4130377 1991-09-12

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EP0532044A1 true EP0532044A1 (en) 1993-03-17
EP0532044B1 EP0532044B1 (en) 1995-01-11

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AT (1) ATE117050T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2078018A1 (en)
DE (2) DE4130377A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2067282T3 (en)

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EP0573028A2 (en) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-08 Firma J. Eberspächer Combustion chamber, particularly for regenerating the particle filter in a motor vehicle exhaust device
EP1752633A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-14 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Device for generating a hot gas in an exhaust system of an combustion engine
WO2010034423A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2010-04-01 Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas aftertreatment system and crankcase ventilation
CN112393273A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-02-23 重庆超力高科技股份有限公司 Premixing type burner

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DE4325906C2 (en) * 1993-08-02 1995-08-24 Daimler Benz Ag Device for the regeneration of a particle filter used in the exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine
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DE102010037293A1 (en) * 2010-09-02 2012-03-08 Hjs Emission Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for operating exhaust gas burner at output of combustion chamber of internal combustion engine, particularly diesel engine, pressurizing combustion chamber of burner by generating exhaust gas pressure in exhaust section

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EP1752633A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-14 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Device for generating a hot gas in an exhaust system of an combustion engine
WO2010034423A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2010-04-01 Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas aftertreatment system and crankcase ventilation
CN112393273A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-02-23 重庆超力高科技股份有限公司 Premixing type burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2067282T3 (en) 1995-03-16
DE59201187D1 (en) 1995-02-23
CA2078018A1 (en) 1993-03-13
ATE117050T1 (en) 1995-01-15
DE4130377A1 (en) 1993-03-18
EP0532044B1 (en) 1995-01-11

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