EP0309723B1 - Ignition burner in a device for burning solid particles in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Ignition burner in a device for burning solid particles in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0309723B1
EP0309723B1 EP88113542A EP88113542A EP0309723B1 EP 0309723 B1 EP0309723 B1 EP 0309723B1 EP 88113542 A EP88113542 A EP 88113542A EP 88113542 A EP88113542 A EP 88113542A EP 0309723 B1 EP0309723 B1 EP 0309723B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
mixture
ignition burner
accomodation
burner according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88113542A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0309723A1 (en
Inventor
Alfred Knauer
Ulrich Dr. Projahn
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP0309723A1 publication Critical patent/EP0309723A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F01N3/0256—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases the fuel being ignited by electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/11—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance or part of the dosing system being cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/38—Arrangements for igniting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pilot burner in a device for burning solid particles, in particular soot particles, in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such combustion devices are used in particular in motor vehicles with diesel engines for the immediate soot disposal of the soot filtered out of the exhaust gas by electrostatic soot switches.
  • This is fed to the combustion chamber of the combustion device with a secondary exhaust gas stream, which makes up less than 1% of the total exhaust gas, and is burned there at a flame temperature between 550 ° C - 1000 ° C.
  • the pollutant-free combustion products and the residual gases are exhausted via the exhaust systems of the internal combustion engine.
  • a pilot burner is attached to the combustion chamber of the combustion device, as described, for example, in DE-OS 36 21 914.
  • the pilot burner which is designed as a swirl burner
  • liquid fuel and combustion air are swirled in metered amounts in the mixture preparation chamber and the mixture is fed to the combustion chamber via the mixture outlet opening, where it burns together with the soot-laden exhaust gas after ignition.
  • the ignition is caused by the glow plug, on the filament of which the mixture ignites.
  • the glow body in the mixture preparation chamber takes over the stabilization of the flame formation, so that the glow plug can be switched off again and is only required for starting up or for intermittent operation of the combustion device.
  • the design of the pilot burner is decisive for the quality of the mixture preparation and for the stress on the glow plugs, whereby by placing the glow plug in the separate receiving chamber, it lies outside the flame area and thus prevents its thermal overload.
  • the pilot burner according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that, on the one hand, the protective sleeve prevents the fuel flowing into the spark plug receiving chamber from impinging on the filament of the glow plug and thus coking of the glow plug, which leads to a considerable increase in the service life of the Glow plug leads, and on the other hand, by the protective sleeve, which is always hot even when the glow plug is switched off, uniform evaporation of the fuel striking the protective sleeve is ensured. This leads to a very good mixture preparation and to a soot-free (blue) burner flame even with a low combustion air / fuel ratio.
  • the approximately vertical arrangement of the receiving chamber and the arrangement of the connecting opening between the receiving chamber and mixture preparation chamber at the lower end of the receiving chamber not only simplify the manufacture of the ignition burner housing, but also prevent fuel sump formation in the receiving chamber.
  • the pilot burner is thus more stable against mechanical shocks than known pilot burners.
  • the durability of the electrical connections of the glow plug is ensured by cooling the jacket of the receiving chamber in the area of the internal thread section receiving the plug connection thread according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • the cooling can be effected by cooling fins running radially or axially to the receiving chamber on its circumference or by an annular channel enclosing the internally threaded section, through which the combustion air supplied to the mixture preparation chamber is passed. In the latter case, the combustion air is preheated at the same time, so that less energy is required to reach the ignition temperature of the fuel-air mixture.
  • the shape of the flame can be adapted to various requirements.
  • the pilot in each case shown schematically in Fig. 1 in longitudinal section and in Fig. 2 in cross section ner has a hollow cylindrical mixture processing chamber 10, hereinafter referred to as processing chamber 10, and a glow plug receiving chamber 11, hereinafter referred to as receiving chamber 11. Both chambers 10, 11 run at right angles to one another, their longitudinal axes lying in one plane.
  • the processing chamber 10 In the installed position of the pilot burner, the processing chamber 10 is approximately horizontal and the receiving chamber 11 is vertical, the latter being inserted with its one open end into a circular cylindrical opening 12 in the chamber wall of the processing chamber 10.
  • the processing chamber 10 is closed at one end and has a mixture outlet opening 13 at its other end, to which a combustion chamber of the combustion device (not shown) is connected.
  • an incandescent body 14 Arranged coaxially in the treatment chamber 10 is an incandescent body 14 which is fastened in the closed end wall of the treatment chamber 10 and extends through the treatment chamber 10 to close to the mixture outlet opening 13.
  • the incandescent body 14 has a plurality of, for example three, annular ribs 16 protruding radially from a shaft 15, of which the two annular ribs 16 which are closer to the mixture outlet opening 13 have openings 17 distributed uniformly over their circumference.
  • An air supply line 18 opens near the closed end wall of the treatment chamber 10 with an inflow direction tangential to the treatment chamber 10.
  • a thermocouple 19 is arranged in the chamber wall near the mixture outlet opening 13 and protrudes radially into the processing chamber 10 into the vicinity of the front end of the incandescent body 14.
  • the treatment chamber 10 carries a radially projecting fastening flange 21 in the vicinity of the burner mouth 20, which is integral with the chamber wall.
  • a glow plug 22 is held coaxially, which is screwed with a plug connection thread 23 into an internal thread section 24 at the end of the receiving chamber 11 facing away from the opening 12 (FIG. 2).
  • the glow plug 22 projects with its filament 25 close to the opening 12 to the processing chamber 10.
  • the glow plug 22 is coaxially enclosed by a protective sleeve 26 with a radial spacing, which is thin-walled in view of a low heat capacity and the associated fast heating-up time is carried out, the wall thickness of which is preferably between 0.1-0.3 mm.
  • a mouthpiece 27 of a fuel supply line 28 projects radially into the receiving chamber 11 and its mouth 29 lies directly in front of the outer wall of the protective sleeve 26.
  • This hot protective sleeve 26 - even when the glow plug 22 is temporarily switched off - ensures uniform evaporation of the fuel supplied, which improves the mixture preparation.
  • the protective sleeve 26 prevents the fuel from coming into direct contact with the filament 25 of the glow plug 22, so that its coking is largely prevented.
  • bores 30 are provided near the free open end of the protective sleeve 26, which are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the protective sleeve 26.
  • the glow plug 22 is supplied with current via two electrical connecting lines 31 and 32.
  • the receiving chamber 11 is cooled in the area of its internally threaded section 24.
  • the cooling takes place through the combustion air supplied to the processing chamber 10.
  • the jacket of the receiving chamber 11 is enclosed in the area of the internal thread section 24 by an annular channel 33, which is switched into the air supply line 18 with an inlet opening 34 and with an outlet opening 35 (FIG. 2).
  • cooling fins can also be used to cool the plug connection thread 23.
  • radial cooling fins 36 are placed on the jacket of the receiving chamber 11 in the region of the internally threaded section 24.
  • axial cooling ribs 37 can also be provided, which extend on the outer jacket of the receiving chamber 11 over the entire area of the internally threaded section 24.
  • the glow plug 37 of the pilot burner is first supplied with electricity and fuel is fed into the receiving chamber 11 through the fuel feed line 28.
  • combustion air is conveyed into the processing chamber 10 via the air supply line 18, which causes a rotary flow in the processing chamber 10 due to the tangential inflow direction.
  • the fuel striking the protective sleeve 26 heated by the glow plug 22 evaporates and mixes in the processing chamber 10 with the combustion air.
  • the fuel-air mixture ignites and the flame strikes through the mixture outlet opening 13 into the connected combustion chamber of the combustion device.
  • the incandescent body 14 reaches the ignition temperature, so that the flame formation is stabilized.
  • the glow plug 22 is now switched off.
  • the swirl through the mixture outlet opening 13 into the combustion chamber The striking pilot flame is concentrated in the axis of the combustion chamber by the design of the burner mouth as a nozzle (FIG. 5), so that a very hot combustion core zone is formed in the center of the combustion chamber, in which the soot particles supplied to the exhaust gas bypass flow to the combustion chamber are brought quickly to the reaction temperature will.
  • the burner mouth By designing the burner mouth as a diffuser (FIG. 1), the combustion core zone can be shifted and widened.
  • the strength of the swirl of the fuel-air mixture necessary for stable combustion can be influenced by different cross sections of the air supply line 18.
  • the thermocouple 19 or another sensor which senses the flame temperature of the pilot burner is used to monitor the pilot burner and to regulate the burner temperature to a constant value.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Zündbrenner in einer Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Festkörperpartikeln, insbesondere Rußteilchen, im Abgas von Brennkraftmaschinen der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung.The invention relates to a pilot burner in a device for burning solid particles, in particular soot particles, in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Solche Verbrennungsvorrichtungen dienen insbesondere bei Kraftfahrzeugen mit Dieselmotoren zur unmittelbaren Rußentsorgung des durch elektrostatische Rußweichen aus dem Abgas ausgefilterten Rußes. Dieser wird mit einem Abgasnebenstrom, der weniger als 1% des gesamten Abgases ausmacht, der Brennkammer der Verbrennungsvorrichtung zugeführt und dort bei einer Flammtemperatur zwischen 550°C - 1000°C verbrannt. Die schadstoffreien Verbrennungsprodukte und die Restgase werden über die Auspuffanlagen der Brennkraftmaschine ausgestoßen. Zur Erzeugung der Abbrennflamme ist an die Brennkammer der Verbrennungsvorrichtung ein Zündbrenner angesetzt, wie er beispielsweise in der DE-OS 36 21 914 beschrieben ist. In dem dort als Drallbrenner ausgebildeten Zündbrenner wird in der Gemischaufbereitungskammer flüssiger Kraftstoff und Verbrennungsluft in dosierten Mengen verwirbelt und das Gemisch über die Gemischaustrittsöffnung der Brennkammer zugeführt, wo es nach Entflammung zusammen mit dem rußbeladenen Abgas abbrennt. Die Entflammung wird von der Glühkerze bewirkt, an deren Glühwendel sich das Gemisch entzündet. Der Glühkörper in der Gemischaufbereitungskammer übernimmt nach Gemisch-Entflammung und seiner Aufheizung die Stabilisierung der Flammenbildung, so daß die Glühkerze wieder abgeschaltet werden kann und lediglich zur Inbetriebnahme oder für intermittierenden Betrieb der Verbrennungsvorrichtung erforderlich ist. Die konstruktive Gestaltung des Zündbrenners ist dabei ausschlaggebend für die Qualität der Gemischaufbereitung und für die Beanspruchung der Glühkerzen, wobei durch Unterbringung der Glühkerze in der separaten Aufnahmekammer diese außerhalb des Flammenbereichs liegt und damit deren thermische Überlastung verhindert wird.Such combustion devices are used in particular in motor vehicles with diesel engines for the immediate soot disposal of the soot filtered out of the exhaust gas by electrostatic soot switches. This is fed to the combustion chamber of the combustion device with a secondary exhaust gas stream, which makes up less than 1% of the total exhaust gas, and is burned there at a flame temperature between 550 ° C - 1000 ° C. The pollutant-free combustion products and the residual gases are exhausted via the exhaust systems of the internal combustion engine. To generate the burn-off flame, a pilot burner is attached to the combustion chamber of the combustion device, as described, for example, in DE-OS 36 21 914. In the pilot burner, which is designed as a swirl burner, liquid fuel and combustion air are swirled in metered amounts in the mixture preparation chamber and the mixture is fed to the combustion chamber via the mixture outlet opening, where it burns together with the soot-laden exhaust gas after ignition. The ignition is caused by the glow plug, on the filament of which the mixture ignites. After ignition of the mixture and its heating, the glow body in the mixture preparation chamber takes over the stabilization of the flame formation, so that the glow plug can be switched off again and is only required for starting up or for intermittent operation of the combustion device. The design of the pilot burner is decisive for the quality of the mixture preparation and for the stress on the glow plugs, whereby by placing the glow plug in the separate receiving chamber, it lies outside the flame area and thus prevents its thermal overload.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Der erfindungsgemäße Zündbrenner mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, daß einerseits die Schutzhülse ein Auftreffen des in die Zündkerzen-Aufnahmekammer einströmenden Kraftstoffes auf die Glühwendel der Glühkerze und damit ein Verkoken der Glühkerze verhindert wird, was zu einer erheblichen Verlängerung der Standzeit der Glühkerze führt, und andererseits durch die auch bei ausgeschalteter Glühkerze immer heiße Schutzhülse eine gleichmäßige Verdampfung des auf die Schutzhülse auftreffenden Kraftstoffes gewährleistet wird. Dies führt zu einer sehr guten Gemischaufbereitung und bereits bei kleinem Verbrennungsluft-Kraftstoffverhältnis zu einer rußfreien (blauen) Brennerflamme.The pilot burner according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that, on the one hand, the protective sleeve prevents the fuel flowing into the spark plug receiving chamber from impinging on the filament of the glow plug and thus coking of the glow plug, which leads to a considerable increase in the service life of the Glow plug leads, and on the other hand, by the protective sleeve, which is always hot even when the glow plug is switched off, uniform evaporation of the fuel striking the protective sleeve is ensured. This leads to a very good mixture preparation and to a soot-free (blue) burner flame even with a low combustion air / fuel ratio.

Durch die in den weiteren Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Zündbrenners möglich.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the pilot burner specified in claim 1 are possible through the measures listed in the further claims.

Durch die etwa vertikale Anordnung der Aufnahmekammer und die Anordnung der Verbindungsöffnung zwischen Aufnahmekammer und Gemischaufbereitungskammer am unteren Ende der Aufnahmekammer wird nicht nur eine vereinfachte Herstellung des Gehäuses des Zündbrenners erzielt, sondern auch eine Kraftstoffsumpfbildung in der Aufnahmekammer verhindert. Der Zündbrenner ist damit stabiler gegenüber mechanischen Erschütterungen als bekannte Zündbrenner.The approximately vertical arrangement of the receiving chamber and the arrangement of the connecting opening between the receiving chamber and mixture preparation chamber at the lower end of the receiving chamber not only simplify the manufacture of the ignition burner housing, but also prevent fuel sump formation in the receiving chamber. The pilot burner is thus more stable against mechanical shocks than known pilot burners.

Durch die Kühlung des Mantels der Aufnahmekammer im Bereich des das Kerzenanschlußgewinde aufnehmenden Innengewindeabschnittes gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Dauerhaltbarkeit der elektrischen Anschlüsse der Glühkerze gewährleistet. Die Kühlung kann dabei durch radial oder axial zur Aufnahmekammer auf deren Umfang verlaufende Kühlrippen oder durch einen den Innengewindeabschnitt umschließenden Ringkanal bewirkt werden, durch welchen die der Gemischaufbereitungskammer zugeführte Verbrennungsluft hindurchgeleitet wird. Im letzten Fall wird zugleich die Verbrennungsluft vorgewärmt, so daß zum Erreichen der Zündtemperatur des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches geringere Energie erforderlich ist.The durability of the electrical connections of the glow plug is ensured by cooling the jacket of the receiving chamber in the area of the internal thread section receiving the plug connection thread according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention. The cooling can be effected by cooling fins running radially or axially to the receiving chamber on its circumference or by an annular channel enclosing the internally threaded section, through which the combustion air supplied to the mixture preparation chamber is passed. In the latter case, the combustion air is preheated at the same time, so that less energy is required to reach the ignition temperature of the fuel-air mixture.

Durch verschiedenartige Ausgestaltungen des der Gemischaustrittsöffnung vorgesetzten Brennermundes, z.B. als Düse oder als Diffusor, kann die Form der Flamme verschiedenartigen Anforderungen angepaßt werden.Through various designs of the burner mouth placed in front of the mixture outlet opening, e.g. as a nozzle or as a diffuser, the shape of the flame can be adapted to various requirements.

Zeichnungdrawing

Die Erfindung ist anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen jeweils in schematischer Darstellung:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt eines Zündbrenners für eine Verbrennungsvorrichtung in Kraftfahrzeugen,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt des Zündbrenners gemäß Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Längschnitt im Bereich des Abschnittes A in Fig. 2 eines Zündbrenners gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht des Abschnittes A in Fig. 2 eines Zündbrenners gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 5 einen Längsschnitt des die Gemischaustrittsöffnung aufweisenden Endes einer Gemischaufbereitungskammer eines Zündbrenners gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel.
The invention is explained in more detail in the following description with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Each shows in a schematic representation:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section of a pilot burner for a combustion device in motor vehicles,
  • 2 shows a section of the pilot burner according to line 11-11 in FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a longitudinal section in the area of section A in FIG. 2 of a pilot burner according to a second exemplary embodiment,
  • 4 shows a top view of section A in FIG. 2 of a pilot burner according to a third exemplary embodiment,
  • 5 shows a longitudinal section of the end of the mixture preparation chamber of a pilot burner having the mixture outlet opening according to a fourth exemplary embodiment.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Der in Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt und in Fig. 2 im Querschnitt jeweils schematisch dargestellte Zündbrenner weist eine hohlzylindrische Gemischaufbereitungskammer 10, im folgenden kurz Aufbereitungskammer 10 genannt, und eine Glühkerzenaufnahmekammer 11, im folgenden kurz Aufnahmekammer 11 genannt, auf. Beide Kammern 10,11 verlaufen rechtwinklig zueinander, wobei ihre Längsachsen in einer Ebene liegen. In Einbaulage des Zündbrenners liegt die Aufbereitungskammer 10 etwa horizontal und die Aufnahmekammer 11 vertikal wobei letztere mit ihrem einen offenen Stirnende in eine kreiszylindrische Öffnung 12 in der Kammerwand der Aufbereitungskammer 10 eingesetzt ist. Die Aufbereitungskammer 10 ist an einem Stirnende verschlossen und weist an ihrem anderen Stirnende eine Gemischaustrittsöffnung 13 auf, an welche eine weiter nicht dargestellte Brennkammer der Verbrennungsvorrichtung angeschlossen wird. In der Aufbereitungskammer 10 ist koaxial ein Glühkörper 14 angeordnet, der in der geschlossenen Stirnwand der Aufbereitungs- ' mmer 10 befestigt ist und sich durch die Aufbereitungskammer 10 hindurch bis nahe an die Gemischaustrittsöffnung 13 erstreckt. Der Glühkörper 14 hat mehrere, beispielsweise drei, von einem Schacht 15 radial abstehende Ringrippen 16, von denen die beiden der Gemischaustrittsöffnung 13 näherliegenden Ringrippen 16 gleichmäßig über ihren Umfang verteilte Durchbrüche 17 aufweisen. Nahe der geschlossenen Stirnwand der Aufbereitungskammer 10 mündet eine Luftzuführleitung 18 mit zur Aufbereitungskammer 10 tangentialer Einströmrichtung. Nahe der Gemischaustrittsöffnung 13 ist in der Kammerwand ein Thermoelement 19 angeordnet, das radial in die Aufbereitungskammer 10 bis in die Nähe des stirnseitigen Endes des Glühkörpers 14 hineinragt. Auf die Gemischaustrittsöffnung 13 ist ein mit der Kammerwand der Aufbereitungskammer 10 einstückiger Brennermund 20 aufgesetzt, der als Diffusor mit zum freien Ende hin sich erweiterndem Querschnitt ausgebildet ist. Wie in Fig. 5 dargestellt ist, kann der Brennermund 20 aber auch als Düse mit zum freien Ende hin sich konisch verjüngendem Querschnitt ausgebildet werden. Zur Befestigung des Zündbrenners an der Verbrennungsvorrichtung trägt die Aufbereitungskammer 10 in Nähe des Brennermundes 20 einen radial abstehenden Befestigungsflansch 21, der einstückig mit der Kammerwand ist.The pilot in each case shown schematically in Fig. 1 in longitudinal section and in Fig. 2 in cross section ner has a hollow cylindrical mixture processing chamber 10, hereinafter referred to as processing chamber 10, and a glow plug receiving chamber 11, hereinafter referred to as receiving chamber 11. Both chambers 10, 11 run at right angles to one another, their longitudinal axes lying in one plane. In the installed position of the pilot burner, the processing chamber 10 is approximately horizontal and the receiving chamber 11 is vertical, the latter being inserted with its one open end into a circular cylindrical opening 12 in the chamber wall of the processing chamber 10. The processing chamber 10 is closed at one end and has a mixture outlet opening 13 at its other end, to which a combustion chamber of the combustion device (not shown) is connected. Arranged coaxially in the treatment chamber 10 is an incandescent body 14 which is fastened in the closed end wall of the treatment chamber 10 and extends through the treatment chamber 10 to close to the mixture outlet opening 13. The incandescent body 14 has a plurality of, for example three, annular ribs 16 protruding radially from a shaft 15, of which the two annular ribs 16 which are closer to the mixture outlet opening 13 have openings 17 distributed uniformly over their circumference. An air supply line 18 opens near the closed end wall of the treatment chamber 10 with an inflow direction tangential to the treatment chamber 10. A thermocouple 19 is arranged in the chamber wall near the mixture outlet opening 13 and protrudes radially into the processing chamber 10 into the vicinity of the front end of the incandescent body 14. A burner mouth 20, which is integral with the chamber wall of the processing chamber 10 and is designed as a diffuser with a cross section widening towards the free end, is placed on the mixture outlet opening 13. As shown in FIG. 5, the burner mouth 20 can also be designed as a nozzle with a cross section that tapers conically towards the free end. In order to attach the pilot burner to the combustion device, the treatment chamber 10 carries a radially projecting fastening flange 21 in the vicinity of the burner mouth 20, which is integral with the chamber wall.

In der Aufnahmekammer 11 ist koaxial eine Glühkerze 22 gehalten, die mit einem Kerzenanschlußgewinde 23 in einen Innengewindeabschnitt 24 an dem der Öffnung 12 abgekehrten Ende der Aufnahmekammer 11 eingeschraubt ist (Fig. 2). Die Glühkerze 22 ragt mit ihrer Glühwendel 25 bis nahe an die Öffnung 12 zu der Aufbereitungskammer 10. Im Bereich der Glühwendel 25 ist die Glühkerze 22 von einer Schutzhülse 26 mit Radialabstand koaxial umschlossen, die im Hinblick auf eine geringe Wärmekapazität und damit verbundene schnelle Aufheizzeit dünnwandig ausgeführt ist, wobei ihre Wandstärke vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 - 0,3 mm liegt. In die Aufnahmekammer 11 ragt radial ein Mündungsstutzen 27 einer Kraftstoffzulaufleitung 28 hinein, dessen Mündung 29 unmittelbar vor der Außenwand der Schutzhülse 26 liegt. Durch diese - auch bei vorübergehend abgeschalteter Glühkerze 22 - heiße Schutzhülse 26 wird eine gleichmäßige Verdampfung des zugeführten Kraftstoffes gewährleistet, was die Gemischaufbereitung verbessert. Außerdem kann durch die Schutzhülse 26 der Kraftstoff nicht in unmittelbaren Kontakt mit der Glühwendel 25 der Glühkerze 22 gelangen, so daß deren Verkokung weitgehend verhindert wird. Zur Verbesserung der Zündung sind nahe dem freien offenen Stirnende der Schutzhülse 26 in dieser Bohrungen 30 vorgesehen, die gleichmäßig über den Umfang der Schutzhülse 26 verteilt angeordnet sind.In the receiving chamber 11, a glow plug 22 is held coaxially, which is screwed with a plug connection thread 23 into an internal thread section 24 at the end of the receiving chamber 11 facing away from the opening 12 (FIG. 2). The glow plug 22 projects with its filament 25 close to the opening 12 to the processing chamber 10. In the area of the filament 25, the glow plug 22 is coaxially enclosed by a protective sleeve 26 with a radial spacing, which is thin-walled in view of a low heat capacity and the associated fast heating-up time is carried out, the wall thickness of which is preferably between 0.1-0.3 mm. A mouthpiece 27 of a fuel supply line 28 projects radially into the receiving chamber 11 and its mouth 29 lies directly in front of the outer wall of the protective sleeve 26. This hot protective sleeve 26 - even when the glow plug 22 is temporarily switched off - ensures uniform evaporation of the fuel supplied, which improves the mixture preparation. In addition, the protective sleeve 26 prevents the fuel from coming into direct contact with the filament 25 of the glow plug 22, so that its coking is largely prevented. In order to improve the ignition, bores 30 are provided near the free open end of the protective sleeve 26, which are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the protective sleeve 26.

Die Glühkerze 22 wird über zwei elektrische Anschlußleitungen 31 und 32 mit Strom versorgt. Um eine Überhitzung der elektrische Anschlüsse zu vermeiden, ist die Aufnahmekammer 11 im Bereich ihre Innengewindeabschnittes 24 gekühlt. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 1 und 2 erfolgt dabei die Kühlung durch die der Aufbereitungskammer 10 zugeführte Verbrennungsluft. Hierzu ist der Mantel der Aufnahmekammer 11 im Bereich des Innengewindeabschnittes 24 von einem Ringkanai 33 umschlossen, der mit einer Einlaßöffnung 34 und mit einer Auslaßöffnung 35 in die Luftzuführleitung 18 eingeschaltet ist (Fi. 2). Beim Durchströmen des Ringkanals 33 nimmt die Verbrennungsluft Wärme auf, wodurch einerseits der Kerzenanschluß der Glühkerze 22 gekühlt und andererseits die Verbrennungsluft vorgewärmt wird, so daß eine gewisse Energieeinsparung beim Aufheizen des Kraftstoff-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisches auf dessen Zündtemperatur erzielt wird. In einer vereinfachten Bauweise können anstelle des Ringkanals 33 auch Kühlrippen zur Kühlung des Kerzenanschlußgewindes 23 verwendet werden. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 sind dabei radiale Kühlrippen 36 auf den Mantel der Aufnahmekammer 11 im Bereich des Innengewindeabschnittes 24 aufgesetzt. Wie in dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 4 zu sehen ist, können auch axiale Kühlrippen 37 vorgesehen werden, die sich auf dem Außenmantel der Aufnahmekammer 11 über den gesamten Bereich des Innengewindeabschnittes 24 erstrecken.The glow plug 22 is supplied with current via two electrical connecting lines 31 and 32. In order to avoid overheating of the electrical connections, the receiving chamber 11 is cooled in the area of its internally threaded section 24. In the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cooling takes place through the combustion air supplied to the processing chamber 10. For this purpose, the jacket of the receiving chamber 11 is enclosed in the area of the internal thread section 24 by an annular channel 33, which is switched into the air supply line 18 with an inlet opening 34 and with an outlet opening 35 (FIG. 2). When flowing through the annular channel 33, the combustion air absorbs heat, whereby on the one hand the plug connection of the glow plug 22 is cooled and on the other hand the combustion air is preheated, so that a certain energy saving is achieved when heating the fuel-combustion air mixture to its ignition temperature. In a simplified design, instead of the annular channel 33, cooling fins can also be used to cool the plug connection thread 23. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, radial cooling fins 36 are placed on the jacket of the receiving chamber 11 in the region of the internally threaded section 24. As can be seen in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, axial cooling ribs 37 can also be provided, which extend on the outer jacket of the receiving chamber 11 over the entire area of the internally threaded section 24.

Die Wirkungsweise des beschriebenen Zündbrenners ist wie folgt:The operation of the pilot burner described is as follows:

Zur Inbetriebnahme der Verbrennungsvorrichtung wird zunächst die Glühkerze 37 des Zündbrenners mit Strom versorgt und durch die Kraftstoffzulaufleitung 28 Kraftstoff in die Aufnahmekammer 11 geleitet. Gleichzeitig wird über die Luftzuführleitung 18 Verbrennungsluft in die Aufbereitungskammer 10 gefördert, die infolge der tangentialen Einströmrichtung in der Aufbereitungskammer 10 eine Drehströmung hervorruft. Der auf die von der Glühkerze 22 aufgeheizte Schutzhülse 26 auftreffende Kraftstoff verdampft und vermischt sich in der Aufbereitungskammer 10 mit der Verbrennungsluft. Bei Erreichen einer bestimmten Temperatur entzündet sich das Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch, und die Flamme schlägt durch die Gemischaustrittsöffnung 13 in die angeschlossene Brennkammer der Verbrennungsvorrichtung. Nach einiger Zeit erreicht der Glühkörper 14 Zündtemperatur, so daß die Flammenbildung stabilisiert wird. Die Glühkerze 22 wird nunmehr abgeschaltet. Die unter Drall durch die Gemischaustrittsöffnung 13 in die Brennkammer schlagende Zündflamme wird durch die Ausbildung des Brennermundes als Düse (Fig. 5) in der Achse der Brennkammer konzentriert, so daß in der Mitte der Brennkammer eine sehr heiße Verbrennungskernzone gebildt wird, in welcher die mit dem Abgasnebenstrom der Brennkammer zugeführten Rußpartikel schnell auf Reaktionstemperatur gebracht werden. Durch die Ausbildung des Brennermundes als Diffusor (Fig. 1) kann eine Verlagerung und Verbreiterung der Verbrennungskernzone erreicht werden. Der Stärke des für eine stabile Verbrennung notwendigen Dralls des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches kann durch verschiedene Querschnitte der Luftzuführleitung 18 beeinflußt werden. Zur Überwachung des Zündbrenners und zur Regelung der Brennertemperatur auf einen konstanten Wert dient das Thermoelement 19 oder ein anderer Sensor, der die Flammtemperatur des Zündbrenners sensiert.To start up the combustion device, the glow plug 37 of the pilot burner is first supplied with electricity and fuel is fed into the receiving chamber 11 through the fuel feed line 28. At the same time, combustion air is conveyed into the processing chamber 10 via the air supply line 18, which causes a rotary flow in the processing chamber 10 due to the tangential inflow direction. The fuel striking the protective sleeve 26 heated by the glow plug 22 evaporates and mixes in the processing chamber 10 with the combustion air. When a certain temperature is reached, the fuel-air mixture ignites and the flame strikes through the mixture outlet opening 13 into the connected combustion chamber of the combustion device. After some time, the incandescent body 14 reaches the ignition temperature, so that the flame formation is stabilized. The glow plug 22 is now switched off. The swirl through the mixture outlet opening 13 into the combustion chamber The striking pilot flame is concentrated in the axis of the combustion chamber by the design of the burner mouth as a nozzle (FIG. 5), so that a very hot combustion core zone is formed in the center of the combustion chamber, in which the soot particles supplied to the exhaust gas bypass flow to the combustion chamber are brought quickly to the reaction temperature will. By designing the burner mouth as a diffuser (FIG. 1), the combustion core zone can be shifted and widened. The strength of the swirl of the fuel-air mixture necessary for stable combustion can be influenced by different cross sections of the air supply line 18. The thermocouple 19 or another sensor which senses the flame temperature of the pilot burner is used to monitor the pilot burner and to regulate the burner temperature to a constant value.

Claims (8)

1. Ignition burner in a device for burning solid particles, in particular soot particles, in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, comprising a hollow-cylindrical mixture-preparation chamber (10) which coaxially accomodates a heater body (14), is closed at one front end and, at the other front end, has a mixture discharge opening (13), a hollow-cylindrical accomodation chamber (11), which runs transversely to the mixture-preparation chamber (10), coaxially accomodates a heater plug (22) and is connected to the mixture-preparation chamber (10), a fuel-feed line (28) opening out in the accomodation chamber(11), and an air-supply line (18) opening out with a tangential inflow direction in the mixture-preparation chamber, characterized in that the heater plug (22), in the area of the heater coil (25), is enclosed coaxially at a radial distance by a preferably thin-walled protective sleeve (26), and in that the fuel-feed line (28) ends in an orifice connection piece (27) which projects radially into the accommodation chamber (11) and whose orifice opening (29) lies very close to the protective sleeve (26).
2. Ignition burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the axes of mixtrue-preparation chamber (10) and accomodation chamber (11) lie in one plane, and in that the accomodation chamber (11), with its one open front end, opens out in a circular-cylindrical opening (12) in the chamber wall of the mixture-preparation chamber (10).
3. Ignition burner according to Claim 2, characterized in that, in the installed position of the ignition burner, the accomodation chamber (11), with an approximately horizontal orientation of the mixture-preparation chamber (10), lies above the latter with a roughly vertical orientation.
4. Igition burner according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that radial bores (30) are made in the lower area of the protective sleeve (26), which radial bores (30) are distributed preferably uniformly over its periphery.
5. Ignition burner according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the orifice of the air-supply line (18) lies near to the closed front end of the mixture-preparation chamber (10).
6. Ignition burner according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized int that the accomodation chamber (11), at one front end, has an internal thread section (24) in order to screw in the heater plug (22), and in that the circumfernce of the accomadatine chamber (11) is cooled in the area of the internal thread section (24).
7. Ignition burner according to Claim 6, charac- teized in that the circumference of the accomerda- tion chamber (11), in the area of the internal thread section (24), has radially or axially extending cooling ribs (36, 37) projecting at right-angles.
8. Ignition burner according to Claim 6, characterized in that the circumference of the accomodation chamber (11), in the area of the internal thread section (24) is surrounded by an annular channel (33) which, with an inlet and outlet (34, 35) is inserted in mothe air-supply line (18).
EP88113542A 1987-09-26 1988-08-20 Ignition burner in a device for burning solid particles in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime EP0309723B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3732491 1987-09-26
DE19873732491 DE3732491A1 (en) 1987-09-26 1987-09-26 IGNITION BURNER FOR A DEVICE FOR BURNING SOLID PARTICLES IN THE EXHAUST GAS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES

Publications (2)

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EP0309723A1 EP0309723A1 (en) 1989-04-05
EP0309723B1 true EP0309723B1 (en) 1990-08-16

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EP (1) EP0309723B1 (en)
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DE (2) DE3732491A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0380806A1 (en) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition burner for a device for burning solid particles in the exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
DE4009201A1 (en) * 1990-01-25 1991-08-01 Man Technologie Gmbh EXHAUST SYSTEM WITH A PARTICLE FILTER AND A REGENERATION BURNER
DE4436415A1 (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-04-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Device for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases from a self-igniting internal combustion engine
DE19625447B4 (en) * 1996-06-26 2006-06-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Pipe evaporator for additional fuel into the exhaust
US6834498B2 (en) * 2002-11-21 2004-12-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Diesel aftertreatment systems
DE102004051905A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device and method for generating a resource for a motor vehicle
DE102006031544A1 (en) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-10 Arvinmeritor Emissions Technologies Gmbh Evaporation device and assembly with an evaporation device
JP5210999B2 (en) * 2009-09-02 2013-06-12 株式会社クボタ Diesel engine exhaust treatment equipment
JP5353822B2 (en) 2009-09-30 2013-11-27 株式会社Ｉｈｉ Ignition device
WO2013161897A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 日野自動車 株式会社 Burner and filter renewal device
JP5894104B2 (en) * 2013-03-29 2016-03-23 株式会社クボタ Engine exhaust treatment equipment

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DE1551752A1 (en) * 1967-02-01 1970-03-19 Webasto Werk Baier Kg W Fuel supply device with OEl, preferably diesel oil or the like. operated vehicle heaters
FR2133202A5 (en) * 1971-04-13 1972-11-24 Oxy France
DE3219948A1 (en) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München BURNER FOR A SOOT FILTER OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
US4419113A (en) * 1982-07-08 1983-12-06 General Motors Corporation Diesel exhaust particulate trap with axially stacked filters
JPS601314A (en) * 1983-06-20 1985-01-07 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Post-treatment device for fine particles exhausted from internal-combustion engine
DE3526074A1 (en) * 1985-07-20 1987-01-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert DEVICE FOR THE REMOVAL OF COMBUSTABLE SOLID PARTICLES FROM THE EXHAUST GAS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES
DE3621914A1 (en) * 1986-06-30 1988-01-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert DEVICE FOR BURNING SOLID PARTICLES IN THE EXHAUST GAS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES
US4776725A (en) * 1987-10-02 1988-10-11 Brade Donald E Erosion control apparatus

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DE3732491A1 (en) 1989-04-13
JPH01114607A (en) 1989-05-08
US4858432A (en) 1989-08-22
DE3732491C2 (en) 1989-08-24
DE3860461D1 (en) 1990-09-20
EP0309723A1 (en) 1989-04-05

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