EP0306330A2 - Toner und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Toner und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0306330A2
EP0306330A2 EP88308153A EP88308153A EP0306330A2 EP 0306330 A2 EP0306330 A2 EP 0306330A2 EP 88308153 A EP88308153 A EP 88308153A EP 88308153 A EP88308153 A EP 88308153A EP 0306330 A2 EP0306330 A2 EP 0306330A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toner
resin
pigment
particles
static electrification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88308153A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0306330A3 (de
Inventor
Tatsuhiro C/O Soken Chemical & Imai
Susumu C/O Soken Chemical & Kawase
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soken Kagaku KK
Soken Chemical and Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Soken Kagaku KK
Soken Chemical and Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soken Kagaku KK, Soken Chemical and Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Soken Kagaku KK
Publication of EP0306330A2 publication Critical patent/EP0306330A2/de
Publication of EP0306330A3 publication Critical patent/EP0306330A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0825—Developers with toner particles characterised by their structure; characterised by non-homogenuous distribution of components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a toner and a process for the preparation of the same. More particularly, it relates to such a toner for which its state of static electrification can be precisely controlled and its pigment concentration can be selected at an arbitrary value, and to a process for the preparation of such a toner.
  • Electrophotography generally includes the steps of trans­forming an electronic latent image such as a static or electrically con­ductive image to a visible image by means of a toner and fixing the visible toner image on a recording substrate such as a recording sheet of paper.
  • an electronic latent image such as a static or electrically con­ductive image
  • a recording substrate such as a recording sheet of paper.
  • Toners including color toners, have heretofore been man­ufactured by melt kneading a resin for toner, a pigment and a static electrification controlling agent, cooling and making the kneaded ma­terial to powder, followed by further pulverization and optional siev­ing to a desired particle size. A fluidizing agent and other appropriate additives are added to the same to provide a final product.
  • the prior art toner so manufactured by the process including the steps of pulverization and sieving involves a problem in that variations in toner shape and size of toner particles are inevitable, and in consequence, control of the amount of static electrification of the toner is difficult.
  • a static electrification con­trolling agent comprising a particulate inorganic substance such as sil­ica
  • addition of a relatively large amount of the static electrification controlling agent although not serious in the case of a black toner, fre­quently changes the color shade in the case of a color toner.
  • a fluidizing agent such as silica is added to the prior art toner to improve the fluidity of toner particles or to en­hance the anti-block properties of toner particles.
  • silica is hygroscopic and liable to impair a photosensitive body of the em­ployed copy machine.
  • toners including color toners
  • a process for the preparation of toners comprising suspending a monomer of a resin for toner, a pigment and a polymerization initiator for the monomer in water, suspension polymerizing the monomer to produce toner parti­cles, sieving the same, followed by incorporation therein of a static elec­ trification controlling agent and other appropriate additives to provide a product.
  • the prior art process including the suspension polymerization to produce toner particles poses a problem in that it is difficult to produce toner of uniform particle size, and in consequence the sieving step is essential, resulting in a reduction of the yield.
  • a pigment acts as a polymerization inhibitor, limited kinds of pigments are usable on the one hand, and depending upon a nature of a particular pigment an increased concentration of said pigment in the resin is not always realized on the other hand, meaning the fact that a toner having an arbitrary concentration of a particular pigment can not be necessarily prepared.
  • the invention sets out to solve the problems associated with the prior art and we have been able to provide a toner in which the state of static electrification can be precisely controlled; any kinds of pigments can be used at any desired concentration; the pigment used does not break away from the toner; and it is possible to improve the fluidity and anti-block properties of the toner without any adverse effect. We have also been able to provide a process for the preparation of such a toner.
  • the toner according to the invention comprises composite parti­cles, each of said particles comprising a spheroidal resin core, a pigment layer on the surface of said core and a layer of a static electrification controlled resin on the surface of said pigment layer.
  • the process for the preparation of a toner particle according to the invention comprises adhering pigment particles to the surface of a spheroidal resin core, microcapsulating said pigment particles to form a pigment layer on the surface of said core, adhering particles of a static electrification controlled resin on the surface of said pigment layer formed on said core and microcapsulating said particles of the static electrification controlled resin to form a layer of the static electrification controlled resin on the surface of said pigment layer formed on said core.
  • the state of static electrification of the toner according to the invention is substantially determined by that of the outermost layer of the static electrification controlled resin and therefore, the state of static electrification of the toner can be precisely controlled by simply controlling that of the resin used in the outermost layer, and in turn the kind and concentration of the pigment used may be freely se­lected.
  • the pigment forming a layer lying between the resin core and the outermost resin layer is not likely to break away from the toner particle. Further, it is possible to improve the fluidity and anti-block properties of the toner according to the invention without any adverse effect.
  • the toner particle according to the invention comprises a spheroidal resin core 1, a pigment layer 2 on the surface of said core 1 and a layer 3 of a static electrification controlled resin on the surface of said pigment layer 2.
  • the spheroidal resin core 1 may be formed from a thermoplastic resin when the toner is intended to be heat fixed, or it may be formed from either a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin when the toner is intended to be pressure fixed.
  • the thermoplastic resins which can be used to form the spheroidal resin core 1 include styrene resins, acrylics, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, nylons and other polyamide resins fluorine resins and polyester resins.
  • the thermosetting resins which can be used to form the spheroidal resin core 1 include epoxy resins and phenolic resins.
  • the individual spheroidal resin cores 1 should preferably have approximately the same particle size ranging between 0.5 and 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the spheroidal resin core 1 is provided with a pigment layer 2 on its surface.
  • various pigments can be used to form the pigment layer 2.
  • inorganic pigments such as iron oxide red and cadmium red, organic pigments such as quinacridone red, Brilliant Karmine 6B and azo red, and dyeable lake pigments
  • blue toner inorganic pigments
  • blue toner inorganic pigments such as prus­sian blue, ultramarine and cobalt blue, organic pigments such as ph­thalocyanine blue and indigo, and dyeable lake pigments
  • inorganic pigments such as titanium yellow, yellow lead and iron oxide yellow, organic pigments such as azo yellow, isoindolinone yellow and fast yellow, and dyeable lake pigments
  • metallic pigments such as aluminum, bronze, gold, silver
  • the pigment used, prior to being formed into the layer 2, is preferably particulate and has a primary particle size of from 0.01 to 2 ⁇ m, preferably, from 0.02 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the pigment layer 2 is determined in accor­dance with the desired pigment concentration of the toner, and the thicker the pigment layer 2 the deeper the color shade of the toner. Normally the thickness of the pigment layer 2 is within the range from 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the pigment layer 2 is provided on its surface with a layer 3 of a static electrification controlled resin.
  • the layer 3 is formed of a thermoplastic resin when the toner is intended to be heat fixed, or may be formed of either a thermoplastic or thermoset­ting resin when the toner is intended to be pressure fixed.
  • the ther­moplastic resins which can be used to form the layer 3 include styrene resins, acrylics, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropy­lene, nylons and other polyamide resins, fluorine resins and polyester resins.
  • the thermosetting resins which can be used to form the layer 3 include epoxy resins and phenolic resins.
  • the layer 3 of a static electrification controlled resin is formed, as described hereinafter in detail, by adhering particles of a static electrification controlled resin to the surface of the pigment layer 2 formed on each of the spheroidal resin cores 1, and microcapsulating the particles of the resin to form the layer 3 on the surface of the pig­ ment layer 2 on each of the core, for example, by subjecting the same to a shock treatment in a gaseous flow to flatten the resin particles to a film.
  • the particles of the static electrification controlled resin used herein are fine particles of the above-illustrated thermoplastic or thermosetting resins which have preferably been finely divided by e.g. a jet mill.
  • the particle size of of the static electrification controlled resin is normally from 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, and is normally not larger than one fifth, preferably not larger than one tenth of the particle size of the spheroidal resin core 1.
  • the state of static electrification of the toner ac­cording to the invention is substantially determined by that of the outermost layer of the static electrification controlled resin
  • resin par­ticles charged to an appropriate extent in accordance with the desired level of static electrification of the toner are used to form the outer­most layer 3.
  • the resin particles used preferably have an absolute amount of static electrification larger than, preferably at least 2 times, and more preferably at least 3 times that of the spheroidal resin core. More specifically, the absolute amount of static electrification of the resin particles for forming the layer 3 is desirably at least 50 ⁇ C/g.
  • the static electrification property of the resin particles can be controlled or modified by surface treatment thereof and/or introduc­tion of polar groups thereto.
  • the static electrification property of the resin particles can be controlled by various surface treatments, including, for example, formation of precipitates on the surface of resin particles, treatments of the surface of resin particles with acids, alkalis or salts, solvent treatment, treat­ment with coupling agents, in situ polymerization, steam treatment, plasma treatment, radioactive irradiation, electron beam treatment and treatment with surfactants.
  • the static electrification of the resin particles can be controlled or modified by introducing into the resin particles upon manufacture thereof, negatively electrifiable polar groups such as car­boxylic and sulfonic acid groups or positively electrifiable groups such as amino, alkylamino and amide groups.
  • negatively electrifiable polar groups such as car­boxylic and sulfonic acid groups
  • positively electrifiable groups such as amino, alkylamino and amide groups.
  • pigment particles 4 are first adhered to the surface of spheroidal resin cores 1, and mirocapsulated to form a pigment layer 2 on the surface of each of the spheroidal resin core 1.
  • the adhesion of the pigment particles 4 to the individual cores 1 can be conveniently done by dry blending the cores 1 with the pig­ment particles 4 whereupon the cores 1 are frictionally charged and attract the pigment particles 4.
  • the pigment particles 4 adhered to the individual cores 1 are then microcapsulated to form pigment layers 2 on the individual cores 1 by an impact treatment of the cores 1 having the pigment particles 4 adhered under a gaseous flow.
  • the gas include, for exam­ple, air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon and other inert gases.
  • the im­ pact treatment may comprise bringing the cores 1 to collide from each other, or applying a mechanical impact to the cores 1.
  • This microcapsulation can be conveniently done using a com­mercially available apparatus for reforming surfaces of particulate bodies such as NARA Hybridization system, supplied by NARA Ma­chinery Co., Ltd.
  • particles 5 of a static electrification con­trolled resin are adhered to the surface of the pigment layer 2 on the spheroidal resin core 1. and then microcapsulated to form the outer­most layer 3 of the static electrification controlled resin on the pig­ment layer 2 of each of the cores 1.
  • the adhesion of the resin particles 5 to the pigment layer 2 of the individual cores 1 can be conveniently done by dry blending the cores 1 having the pigment layer 2 with the resin particles 4, and the microcapsulation of the resin particles 5 can be conveniently done by an impact treatment of the cores 1 having the resin particles 5 ad­hered thereto via the pigment layer 2 under a gaseous flow.
  • the im­pact treatment may comprise bringing the cores 1 to collide from each other, or applying a mechanical impact to the cores 1.
  • the state of static electrification of a toner according to the in­vention comprising composite particles each comprising a spheroidal resin core, a pigment layer on the surface of said core and a layer of a static electrification controlled resin on the surface of said pigment layer is substantially determined by that of the outermost layer of the static electrification controlled resin, and thus can be precisely con­trolled by simply controlling the amount of static electrification of the resin particles used to form the outermost layer. Since the state of static electrification of the toner can be precisely controlled, the kind and concentration of the pigment used can be freely selected. The presence of the outermost layer 3 prevents the pigment from breaking away from the toner. Further, it is possible to improve the fluidity and anti-block properties of the toner without any adverse effect. In addi­tion, it is not necessary to use an additional static electrification con­trolling agent such as silica which might adversely affect the color shade of the toner.
  • Example 1 was repeated except that an azo pigment having an amount of blow-off charge of + 33 ⁇ C/g was used instead of the copper phthalocyanine.
  • the obtained colored particles surface coated with the azo pig­ment had an amount of blow-off charge of - 35 ⁇ C/g
  • the final parti­cles surface coated with polymethyl methacrylate had an amount of blow-off charge of - 54 ⁇ C/g.
  • Example 2 was repeated except that an azo pigment having an amount of blow-off charge of + 33 ⁇ C/g was used instead of the copper phthalocyanine.
  • the obtained particles surface coated with polymethyl methacrylate had an amount of blow-off charge of + 108 ⁇ C/g.
  • Example 1 was repeated except that an anthraquinone pigment having an amount of blow-off charge of - 90 ⁇ C/g was used instead of the copper phthalocyanine.
  • the obtained colored particles surface coated with the an­thraquinone pigment had an amount of blow-off charge of - 80 ⁇ C/g
  • Example 2 was repeated except that an anthraquinone pigment having an amount of blow-off charge of - 90 ⁇ C/g was used instead of the copper phthalocyanine.
  • the obtained particles surface coated with polymethyl methacrylate had an amount of blow-off charge of + 120 ⁇ C/g.
  • Colored particles comprising the same polystyrene core surface with copper ph­thalocyanine, azo pigment and anthraquinone pigment have an amount of blow-off charge of - 15, -35 and -80 ⁇ C/g, respectively, indicating the fact that the amount of blow-off charge of colored particle drastically varies depending upon the nature of the pigment.
  • these colored particles having copper phthalocyanine, azo pig­ment and anthraquinone pigment are surface coated with polymethyl methacrylate having an amount of blow-off charge of - 600 ⁇ C/g.
  • the coated particles have an approximately the same amount of blow-off charge of - 45 , -55 and -64 ⁇ C/g, respectively. Further, when these colored particles having copper phthalocyanine, azo pigment and an­thraquinone pigment are surface coated with polymethyl methacrylate having an amount of blow-off charge of + 700 ⁇ C/g. the coated parti­cles have an approximately the same amount of blow-off charge of + 115, +108 and + 120 ⁇ C/g, respectively.
  • the amount of blow-off charge reported herein was determined by means of a device for measuring amounts of blow-off charge of particulate bodies TB-20, supplied by TOSHIBA Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. This method of measurement is described in detail in Partic­ulate Bodies and Industry, Vol. 18, No. 6. June, 1986.
  • Polymethyl methacrylate having a particle diameter of 0.4 ⁇ m and an amount of blow-off charge of - 600 ⁇ C/g and polymethyl methacrylate having a particle diameter of 0.4 ⁇ m and an amount of blow-off charge of + 700 ⁇ C/g were mixed together in weight ratios of 100 : 0,70 : 30,40 : 60 and 0 : 100, to provide powder mixtures (II), (III), (IV) and (V), respectively.
  • 160 Grams of the above obtained col­ored particles (I) was admixed with 40 grams of each powder mixture (II). (III).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
EP88308153A 1987-09-02 1988-09-02 Toner und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Withdrawn EP0306330A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62221126A JPS6462666A (en) 1987-09-02 1987-09-02 Toner and production thereof
JP221126/87 1987-09-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0306330A2 true EP0306330A2 (de) 1989-03-08
EP0306330A3 EP0306330A3 (de) 1989-08-09

Family

ID=16761868

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88308153A Withdrawn EP0306330A3 (de) 1987-09-02 1988-09-02 Toner und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0306330A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS6462666A (de)
KR (1) KR890005577A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0362859A3 (de) * 1988-10-05 1991-01-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zur Herstellung mikrokapsularer Toner
EP0570679A1 (de) * 1992-05-21 1993-11-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Toner, Verfahren zur dessen Herstellung und Bilderzeugungsgerät unter Anwendung desselben
US7553600B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2009-06-30 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing toner and positively chargeable non-magnetic single component toner

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2566152B2 (ja) * 1988-02-08 1996-12-25 キヤノン株式会社 マイクロカプセルトナーの製造方法
JPH0816805B2 (ja) * 1989-12-11 1996-02-21 株式会社巴川製紙所 電子写真用乾式トナー及びその製造法
JPH04316057A (ja) * 1991-04-15 1992-11-06 Ricoh Co Ltd 静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法
CN112892429B (zh) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-08 唐山开滦化工科技有限公司 一种可逆热致变色热膨胀微胶囊及其制备方法和应用

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2571515B1 (fr) * 1984-10-08 1992-05-22 Canon Kk Poudre pigmentaire enrobee pour le developpement d'images electrostatiques et son procede de production

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0362859A3 (de) * 1988-10-05 1991-01-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zur Herstellung mikrokapsularer Toner
US5215854A (en) * 1988-10-05 1993-06-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing microcapsule toner
EP0570679A1 (de) * 1992-05-21 1993-11-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Toner, Verfahren zur dessen Herstellung und Bilderzeugungsgerät unter Anwendung desselben
US5320926A (en) * 1992-05-21 1994-06-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Toner and method for manufacturing the same, and image forming apparatus using the toner
US7553600B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2009-06-30 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing toner and positively chargeable non-magnetic single component toner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6462666A (en) 1989-03-09
KR890005577A (ko) 1989-05-15
EP0306330A3 (de) 1989-08-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4620987A (en) Surface treatment method for magnetic particles
DE69706352T2 (de) Beschichtete magnetische Trägerteilchen, zwei-Komponententyp-Entwickler und Entwicklungsverfahren
DE3852511T2 (de) Herstellungsverfahren für einen Toner zur Entwicklung elektrostatischer Bilder.
EP0261686B1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von eingekapseltem Toner
JPS63244052A (ja) 静電荷像現像用トナ−の製造方法
KR900009112B1 (ko) 전자사진용 토우너
EP0357376B1 (de) Feine Farbteilchen und sie enthaltender Toner für die Entwicklung elektrostatischer Bilder
EP0952495B1 (de) Kapseltoner und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
EP0306330A2 (de) Toner und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US5968699A (en) Electrophotographic carrier and electrophotographic developer using same
EP0306331A2 (de) Zusammengesetzte Teilchen und Verfaren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE69423428T2 (de) Kapseltoner zur Wärme- und Druckfixierung und Verfahren zur dessen Herstellung
US4902596A (en) Toner for electrophotography with the change controlling agent dispersed therein
JPH08305084A (ja) 静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法
US4888264A (en) Process for preparing toner or capsule toner for use in electrophotography
US4661430A (en) Developing method and insulating nonmagnetic toner therefor
EP0452209B1 (de) Magnetischer Toner
JP3970085B2 (ja) 重合法トナーの製造方法
JPS61283624A (ja) ポリマ−粒子の製造方法
JP3146434B2 (ja) 静電潜像現像用トナー
US5193751A (en) Coloring fine particles and toner for developing electrostatic images using the same
JPH0355562A (ja) 静電像現像用キャリア及びその製造方法
JP2840259B2 (ja) 静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法
JPH06332252A (ja) 静電荷像現像用トナー
JP2005114989A (ja) 電子写真現像用トナー及びその製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19900110

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

18W Application withdrawn

Withdrawal date: 19900424

R18W Application withdrawn (corrected)

Effective date: 19900424