EP0303734A2 - Schmiermittel und Verfahren zur Kaltumformung metallischer Werkstoffe - Google Patents
Schmiermittel und Verfahren zur Kaltumformung metallischer Werkstoffe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0303734A2 EP0303734A2 EP87114035A EP87114035A EP0303734A2 EP 0303734 A2 EP0303734 A2 EP 0303734A2 EP 87114035 A EP87114035 A EP 87114035A EP 87114035 A EP87114035 A EP 87114035A EP 0303734 A2 EP0303734 A2 EP 0303734A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- mass
- salts
- alpha
- methylstyrene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound CCc1ccccc1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQDVGXKIXHFSRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1C=CCC=C1 Chemical compound CCC1C=CCC=C1 SQDVGXKIXHFSRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
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- C10M2207/163—Naphthenic acids used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/18—Tall oil acids
- C10M2207/183—Tall oil acids used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/20—Rosin acids
- C10M2207/203—Rosin acids used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
- C10M2207/223—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
- C10M2207/243—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/2606—Overbased carboxylic acid salts used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
- C10M2207/2623—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/003—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
- C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lubricant and a method for cold forming metallic materials with such a lubricant.
- the invention can be used, for example, for cold rolling, cold upsetting, thread rolling, drawing sheet metal parts, calibrating sintered parts, stranding and bending, in particular for drawing extruded material such as wire, profiles and tubes.
- a lubricant When cold-forming wire, profiles, pipes and other material to be formed, a lubricant must be applied to the material to be formed, which is to prevent direct contact between the working surfaces of the tool and the surface of the material to be formed.
- lubricants which are liquid at room temperature is known.
- the liquid lubricants include alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium and zinc salts or related Metal or non-metal salts of acids with more than 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, preferably calcium stearate, are used in organic solvents, for example benzene or trichlorethylene (DE-OS 29 20 857).
- the DD-PS describes a similar system consisting of calcium or zinc stearate in an organic solvent, in particular benzene, trichlorethylene, chlorofluoro-, fluor-bromo-, chlor-bromofluorocarbon, trifluoroacetone or mixtures thereof 148 012.
- this lubricant saves a lubricant carrier layer which is applied by liming, phosphating, oxalating, boraxing, copper plating or tinning, it is disadvantageous to dispose of physiologically questionable solvents which, for example, have to be carried out by suction and for which special devices are required.
- the achievable surface quality of the material to be formed is also associated with high tool wear. Repeated coatings may be required if there are several forming stages, so that these lubricants are not suitable for multiple forming operations.
- a method for cold forming of metals is also known, in which an aqueous solution or dispersion of a water-soluble thermoplastic resin (polyacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid or maleic acid with vinyl compounds, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone or saponification products) is first applied to the metal surface of polyvinyl acetate) and a melamine / cyanuric acid or.
- a water-soluble thermoplastic resin polyacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid or maleic acid with vinyl compounds, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone or saponification products
- a metal soap Ca, Ba, Zn, Na or Li stearate, possibly with the addition of calcium carbonate, talc, graphite and / or molybdenum disulfide
- a lubricating oil commercially available oils and fats or mineral oils
- the invention has for its object to provide the prerequisites for a high-performance and economically favorable single or multi-stage cold forming, in which a high lubrication effect is achieved with as little lubrication effort as possible and thus high degrees of deformation and speeds can be achieved even with difficult-to-form materials, and which also enables technologically simple and safe cleaning of the surface of the formed material from lubricant residues, and to specify a suitable lubricant.
- the lubricant according to the invention is characterized in that it additionally contains salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids in a concentration of 0.01 to Contains 30% by mass as a high-pressure additive and 0 to 90% by mass of polyphosphate.
- oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids preferably have terminal carboxyl groups. Suitable are, for example, oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I) wherein the units of the alpha-methylstyrene are each 1,1-, 1,2- or 2,2-linked and n is selected such that oligomers with an average molecular weight of preferably 500 to 800 are present, in particular n is 3 to 6.
- each unit of the formula (I) can be linked head / head, head / tail or tail / tail to the adjacent unit (cf. Elias, Makromolekule, p. 43, Hüthig and Wepf 1975).
- alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts are used as salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids.
- Salts of such oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids having an average molecular mass of 500 to 800 and a carboxyl functionality of 1.5 to are advantageous for the lubricant 2 have.
- the concentration of the salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids is preferably 2 to 10% by mass. In the case of a polyphosphate additive, its concentration is preferably 30 to 70%.
- the lubricant according to the invention can be present either in dry form or advantageously with a liquid content of 50 to 98% by mass, preferably water, in a pasty to liquid state, the concentration of the salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene in the case of a pasty or liquid state dicarboxylic acids 0.005 to 15 mass%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mass%, and that of the polyphosphate is 0 to 45 mass%. If a lubricant in this state contains polyphosphate, its concentration is preferably 1.5 to 15% by mass.
- the invention further relates to a method for cold forming metallic materials using a generic lubricant, in which according to the invention in a liquid up to 50% by mass of lubricant and as additives 0.005 to 15% by mass of salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids and 0 to 45% by mass of polyphosphate are contained, the forming process being carried out either directly in a bath prepared with this lubricant or using a preferably dried lubricant layer applied to the material to be formed.
- An advantage of the lubricant according to the invention is that the salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids with the other lubricant constituents can be easily removed from the surface of the material to be shaped after the shaping has been carried out. This eliminates expensive cleaning processes, galvanic post-treatment processes can be carried out economically; the adhesive strength of layers subsequently applied by electroplating is excellent.
- Lubricant-technically advantageous variants of the forming process result in particular when, after contacting the material to be formed with a lubricant liquid, a drying process is carried out and a solid lubricant layer is thus formed on the material to be formed.
- Such layers have a very high dynamic viscosity, so that high forming speeds and degrees can be achieved even with difficult-to-form materials, and several forming steps are possible with just one application of lubricant.
- the severity of the material to be formed and the type of forming process 3 to 25 forming stages are possible.
- a steel wire of material quality M 45 to be formed by multi-stage drawing is drawn through a lubricant powder which has the following composition before the first drawing die: 44.0 mass% technical calcium stearate 27.0 mass% disodium tetraborate 16.3 mass% polyvinyl alcohol 12.7 mass% sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methyl-styrene-dicarboxylic acid (M n : 680; functionality: 1.85).
- the wire with this lubricant is drawn in 6 drawing steps from 5.5 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter.
- a paste-like lubricant concentrate with the following composition 10.5% by mass of lime soap 4.8% by mass sodium tetraborate 4.8 mass% calcium carbonate 2.5% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol 1.4 mass% sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methyl-styrene-dicarboxylic acid (M n : 680; functionality: 1.85) Rest of water is warmed to 85 ° C. and diluted with water under mechanical influence, for example high-speed stirring, in a ratio of 1: 1. With the product obtained, steel wire of material quality X5 CrNi 18.10 is coated and dried in a continuous process and then drawn in 4 drawing stages of 4.0 mm and 2.0 mm in diameter.
- a lubricant is applied to a steel wire of material quality 10 MnSi 6 to be formed 8.2 mass% technical calcium stearate 4.1% by mass disodium tetraborate 2.5% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol 0.4 mass% sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methyl-styrene-dicarboxylic acid (M n : 680; functionality: 1.85) Rest of water exists, applied by contacting by means of dipping and subsequent drying. This results in a lubricant layer of 15 g / m2.
- the material to be reshaped is drawn in several stages by means of drawing nozzles with a total cross-sectional decrease of 82%. Without the addition of the salt of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acid, the same material can be drawn in the same way with a total cross-sectional decrease of only 59%.
- This example relates to the wet drawing of a steel wire with a lubricant of the following composition: 5.0% by mass of lime soap 0.5 mass% sodium tetraborate 0.25 mass% sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acid (M n : 680; functionality: 1.85) 5.0 mass% sodium polyphosphate Rest of water
- This lubricant is used to pull steel wire of material quality M 10 in a two-stage final wet pull of 0.6 mm to 0.5 mm in diameter.
- the wire thus produced is used for the production of wire glass without subsequent cleaning.
- the material to be formed is immersed in a liquid lubricant of the following composition: 5.0 mass% technical calcium stearate 2.5 mass% sodium tetraborate 1.5% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol 0.1 mass% sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicabonic acid (M n : 560; functionality: 1.92) Rest of water.
- a liquid lubricant of the following composition 5.0 mass% technical calcium stearate 2.5 mass% sodium tetraborate 1.5% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol 0.1 mass% sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicabonic acid (M n : 560; functionality: 1.92) Rest of water.
- the lubricant can advantageously be used, for example, when pulling wire and tubes or when cold upsetting standard parts such as screws and nuts.
- a steel wire of material quality C 15 Q drawn to its final dimensions is coated in a continuous process with a liquid lubricant of the following composition: 4% by mass technical calcium stearate 0.5 mass% sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acid (M n : 560; functionality: 1.92) 12% by mass sodium polyphosphate Rest of water.
- a liquid lubricant of the following composition 4% by mass technical calcium stearate 0.5 mass% sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acid (M n : 560; functionality: 1.92) 12% by mass sodium polyphosphate Rest of water.
- the lubricant coating produced is then dried.
- a solid coating consisting of the substances contained in the liquid lubricant remains on the wire, which offers sufficient medium-term corrosion protection under normal storage conditions and which at the same time represents a lubricant coating for further processing of the wire, for example for a cold upsetting process or thread rolling.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schmiermittel und ein Verfahren zur Kaltumformung metallischer Werkstoffe mit einem derartigen Schmiermittel. Die Erfindung ist beispielsweise anwendbar für das Kaltwalzen, Kaltstauchen, Gewindewalzen, Ziehen von Blechteilen, Kalibrieren von Sinterteilen, Verseilen und Biegen, insbesondere für das Ziehen von strangförmigem Umformgut wie Draht, Profilen und Rohren.
- Beim Kaltumformen von Draht, Profilen, Rohren und anderem Umformgut muß vor dem Umformwerkzeug auf das Umformgut ein Schmiermittel aufgetragen werden, welches den unmittelbaren Kontakt zwischen den Arbeitsflächen des Werkzeuges und der Oberfläche des Umformgutes verhindern soll. Dabei ist die Verwendung von bei Raumtemperatur flüssigen Schmiermitteln bekannt.
- Als flüssige Schmiermittel werden unter anderem Alkali-, Erdalkali-, Ammonium- und Zinksalze oder artverwandte Metall- bzw. Nichtmetallsalze von Säuren mit mehr als 10 C-Atomen im Molekül, vorzugsweise Calciumstearat, in organischen Lösungsmitteln, beispielsweise Benzol oder Trichlorethylen, verwendet (DE-OS 29 20 857).
- Ein ähnliches System, das aus Calcium- oder Zinkstearat in einem organischen Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Benzol, Trichlorethylen, Chlor-Fluor-, Fluor-Brom-, Chlor-Brom-Fluor-Kohlenwasserstoff, Trifluoraceton oder deren Mischungen, besteht, beschreibt die DD-PS 148 012. Diese Schmiermittel ersparen zwar eine Schmiermittelträgerschicht, die durch Kalken, Phosphatieren, Oxalatieren, Boraxen, Verkupfern oder Verzinnen aufgebracht wird, nachteilig ist jedoch die Entsorgung physiologisch bedenklicher Lösungsmittel, die zum Beispiel durch Absaugen erfolgen muß und wofür spezielle Vorrichtungen erforderlich sind. Die erzielbare Oberflächenqualität des Umformgutes ist außerdem mit hohem Werkzeugverschleiß verbunden. Bei mehreren Umformstufen können wiederholte Beschichtungen erforderlich sein, so daß diese Schmiermittel nicht für Mehrfachumformungen geeignet sind.
- Aus der DE-OS 34 38 525 ist auch ein Verfahren zur Kaltumformung von Metallen bekannt, bei dem zunächst auf die Metalloberfläche eine wäßrige Lösung oder Dispersion aus einem wasserlöslichen thermoplastischen Harz (Polyacrylsäure, Copolymere von Acrylsäure oder Maleinsäure mit Vinylverbindungen, Polyacrylamid, Polyvinylpyrrolidon oder Verseifungsprodukte von Polyvinylacetat) und einem Melamin/Cyanursäure-bzw. Isocyanursäure-Addukt bei einem Gewichtsverhältnis von Harz zu Addukt = 1 : 0,3 bis 1,2 aufgebracht, mindestens 30 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur und anschließend in der Wärme getrocknet und danach eine Metallseife (Ca-, Ba-, Zn-, Na- oder Li-Stearat, eventuell mit einem Zusatz von Calciumcarbonat, Talk, Graphit und/oder Molybdändisulfid) und/oder ein Schmieröl (handelsübliche Öle und Fette bzw. Mineralöle) aufgebracht wird.
- Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, daß 2 Stufen mit langen Trocknungszeiten zur Aufbringung des Schmiermittels erforderlich sind. Die Verwendung von Hochdruckzusätzen, wie CaCO₃, Talk, Graphit und Molybdändisulfid, erfordert zur Vermeidung von Absetzerscheinungen ein ständiges Umrühren. Es entstehen außerdem starke Umweltbelastungen, da bei den Zwischenglühungen an der Luft im Falle des Zusatzes von Molybdändisulfid schwefelsaure Gase korrosiver Art entstehen. Graphit führt auch zur direkten Verschmutzung der Anlagenteile, die dem Verfahren ausgesetzt sind. Bei Zwischenglühungen kann die Anwesenheit von Graphit zur Aufkohlung der umgeformten Werkstoffe in den Fällen führen, wo der Schmiermittelrestfilm nicht durch entsprechende Reinigungsverfahren entfernt wird, die jedoch technologisch aufwendig und deshalb wirtschaftlich ungünstig sind.
- Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Voraussetzungen für eine hochleistungsfähige und wirtschaftlich günstige ein- oder mehrstufige Kaltumformung zu schaffen, bei der mit möglichst geringem schmierungstechnischem Aufwand ein hoher Schmiereffekt erreicht und damit auch bei schwerumformbaren Werkstoffen hohe Umformgrade und -geschwindigkeiten realisiert werden können, und die darüber hinaus eine technologisch einfache und sichere Reinigung der Oberfläche des Umformgutes von Schmiermittelresten ermöglicht, und ein dafür geeignetes Schmiermittel anzugeben.
- Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß den Hauptansprüchen gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen.
- Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel, das Fett- oder Naphthensäuren und/oder deren Salze als Schmierstoff und ggf. anor organische und/oder organische Verbindungen als Zusätze enthält, die als Dispergiermittel, Haftvermittler, Filmbildner, Hochdruckzusätze bzw. unter dynamischen Bedingungen als Viskositätsstabilisatoren dienen, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich Salze von Oligo-alpha-methylstyroldicarbonsäuren in einer Konzentration von 0,01 bis 30 Masse-% als Hochdruckzusatz sowie 0 bis 90 Masse-% Polyphosphat enthält.
- Die Oligo-alpha-methylstyroldicarbonsäuren weisen vorzugsweise endständige Carboxylgruppen auf. Geeignet sind z.B. Oligo-alpha-methylstyroldicarbonsäuren der Formel (I)
- Jede Einheit der Formel (I) kann bekannterweise Kopf/Kopf, Kopf/Schwanz oder Schwanz/Schwanz mit der benachbarten Einheit verknüpft sein (vgl. Elias, Makromoleküle, S. 43, Hüthig u. Wepf 1975).
- Nach einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden als Salze der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren Alkali- und/oder Erdalkalisalze verwendet. Vorteilhaft sind für das Schmiermittel Salze solcher Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren, die eine mittlere Molekularmasse von 500 bis 800 und eine Carboxylfunktionalität von 1,5 bis 2 aufweisen. Die Konzentration der Salze der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren beträgt vorzugsweise 2 bis 10 Masse-%. Im Falle eines Polyphosphat-Zusatzes beträgt dessen Konzentration vorzugsweise 30 bis 70 %.
- Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel kann entweder in trockener Form oder vorteilhaft mit einem Flüssigkeitsgehalt von 50 bis 98 Masse-%, vorzugsweise Wasser, in pastenförmigem bis flüssigem Zustand vorliegen, wobei im Falle eines pastenförmigen oder flüssigen Zustandes die Konzentration der Salze von Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren 0,005 bis 15 Masse-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 2,5 Masse-%, und die des Polyphosphats 0 bis 45 Masse-% beträgt. Sofern ein in diesem Zustand befindliches Schmiermittel Polyphosphat enthält, beträgt dessen Konzentration vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 15 Masse-%.
- Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Kaltumformung metallischer Werkstoffe unter Anwendung eines gattungsgemäßen Schmiermittels, bei dem erfindungsgemäß in einer Flüssigkeit bis zu 50 Masse-% Schmierstoff sowie als Zusätze 0,005 bis 15 Masse-% Salze von Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren und 0 bis 45 Masse-% Polyphosphat enthalten sind, wobei der Umformprozeß entweder unmittelbar innerhalb eines mit diesem Schmiermittel hergerichteten Bades oder unter Ausnutzung einer auf das Umformgut aufgebrachten, vorzugsweise getrockneten Schmiermittelschicht durchgeführt wird.
- Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels besteht darin, daß sich die Salze der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren mit den übrigen Schmiermittelbestandteilen nach erfolgter Umformung einfach von der Umformgutoberfläche entfernen lassen. Dadurch entfallen teure Reinigungsverfahren, galvanische Nachbehandlungsverfahren können wirtschaftlich günstig durchgeführt werden; die Haftfestigkeit von danach galvanisch aufgetragenen Schichten ist ausgezeichnet. Schmiermitteltechnisch günstige Varianten der Umformverfahren ergeben sich besonders dann, wenn nach dem Kontaktieren des umzuformenden Werkstoffes mit einer Schmiermittelflüssigkeit ein Trocknungsprozeß durchgeführt und damit auf dem Umformgut eine feste Schmierstoffschicht ausgebildet wird. Derartige Schichten besitzen eine sehr hohe dynamische Viskosität, so daß auch bei schwer umformbaren Werkstoffen hohe Umformgeschwindigkeiten und -grade realisiert werden können und mehrere Umformstufen mit nur einem Schmiermittelauftrag möglich sind. Dabei sind je nach Material, Schwere des Umformgutes und Art des Umformverfahrens 3 bis 25 Umformstufen möglich.
- Die Erfindung ist nachstehend an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.
- Ein durch mehrstufiges Ziehen umzuformender Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität M 45 wird vor dem 1. Ziehstein durch ein Schmiermittelpulver gezogen, welches folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist:
44,0 Masse-% technisches Calciumstearat
27,0 Masse-% Dinatriumtetraborat
16,3 Masse-% Polyvinylalkohol
12,7 Masse-% Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methyl-styrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 680; Funktionalität: 1,85). - Der mit diesem Schmiermittel behaftete Draht wird in 6 Ziehstufen von 5,5 mm an 2,0 mm Durchmesser gezogen.
- Ein pastenförmiges Schmiermittelkonzentrat folgender Zusammensetzung
10,5 Masse-% Kalkseife
4,8 Masse-% Natriumtetraborat
4,8 Masse-% Calciumcarbonat
2,5 Masse-% Polyvinylalkohol
1,4 Masse-% Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methyl-styrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 680; Funktionalität: 1,85)
Rest Wasser
wird auf 85°C erwärmt und unter mechanischer Einwirkung, beispielsweise hochtourigem Rühren, im Verhältnis 1 : 1 mit Wasser verdünnt. Mit dem erhaltenen Produkt wird Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität X5 CrNi 18.10 im Durchlaufverfahren beschichtet und getrocknet und danach in 4 Ziehstufen von 4,0 mm and 2,0 mm Durchmesser gezogen. - Auf einen umzuformenden Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität 10 MnSi 6 wird ein Schmiermittel, das aus
8,2 Masse-% technischem Calciumstearat
4,1 Masse-% Dinatriumtetraborat
2,5 Masse-% Polyvinylalkohol
0,4 Masse-% Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methyl-styrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 680; Funktionalität: 1,85)
Rest Wasser
besteht, durch Kontaktieren mittels Tauchen und nachfolgendem Trocknen aufgebracht. Dabei ergibt sich eine Schmiermittelauflage von 15 g/m². - Der umzuformende Werkstoff wird mittels Ziehdüsen mehrstufig mit einer Gesamtquerschnittsabnahme von 82 % gezogen. Ohne den Zusatz des Salzes der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure kann der gleiche Werkstoff in derselben Weise mit einer Gesamtquerschnittsabnahme von nur 59 % gezogen werden.
- Dieses Beispiel bezieht sich auf das Naßziehen eines Stahldrahtes mit einem Schmiermittel folgender Zusammensetzung:
5,0 Masse-% Kalkseife
0,5 Masse-% Natriumtetraborat
0,25 Masse-% Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 680; Funktionalität: 1,85)
5,0 Masse-% Natriumpolyphosphat
Rest Wasser - Mit diesem Schmiermittel wird Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität M 10 in einem 2stufigen Schlußnaßzug von 0,6 mm an 0,5 mm Durchmesser gezogen. Der so hergestellte Draht wird ohne eine anschließende Reinigung für die Herstellung von Drahtglas verwendet.
- Zur Vorbereitung der Umformung wird Umformgut in ein flüssiges Schmiermittel folgender Zusammensetzung getaucht:
5,0 Masse-% technisches Calciumstearat
2,5 Masse-% Natriumtetraborat
1,5 Masse-% Polyvinylalkohol
0,1 Masse-% Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicabonsäure (Mn: 560; Funktionalität: 1,92)
Rest Wasser. - Nach dem vor der Umformung vorgenommenen Trocknen liegt auf dem Draht eine Schmiermittelauflage von 8,3 g/m² vor. Sofern größere oder kleinere Schmiermittelauflagen eingestellt werden sollen, kann dies in einfacher Weise über einen veränderten Gehalt an Natriumsalz der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure im flüssigen Schmiermittel erreicht werden. Dabei gelten folgende Zusammenhänge:
Gehalt an Natriumsalz der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure (Masse-%) Schmiermittelauflage (g/m²) 0,01 11,3 0,05 9,7 0,4 6,0 0,7 4,5 1,0 3,6 1,4 2,9 2,0 4,4 2,5 6,7 3,5 12,0. - Das Schmiermittel kann vorteilhaft beispielsweise beim Ziehen von Draht und Rohren oder beim Kaltstauchen von Normteilen, wie Schrauben und Muttern, eingesetzt werden.
- Ein auf seine Endabmessung gezogener Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität C 15 Q wird im Durchlaufverfahren mit einem flüssigen Schmiermittel folgender Zusammensetzung beschichtet:
4 Masse-% technisches Calciumstearat
0,5 Masse-% Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 560; Funktionalität: 1,92)
12 Masse-% Natriumpolyphosphat
Rest Wasser. - Anschließend wird der erzeugte Schmiermittelüberzug getrocknet. Auf dem Draht verbleibt ein aus den im flüssigen Schmiermittel enthaltenen Substanzen bestehender fester Überzug, der einen unter normalen Lagerbedingungen ausreichenden mittelfristigen Korrosionsschutz bietet und der gleichzeitig einen Schmiermittelüberzug für das Weiterverarbeiten des Drahtes, beispielsweise für einen Kaltstauchvorgang oder ein Gewinderollen, darstellt.
-
- Synonyme Bezeichnungen dieser Verbindung sind:
- Tetra-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure
- alpha-Methylstyroltetramer-dicarbonsäure
- 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-2,4,7,9-tetraphenyldekandisäure-(1,10)
Claims (13)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es zusätzlich Salze von Oligo-alpha-methylstyroldicarbonsäuren in einer Konzentration von 0,01 bis 30 Masse-% als Hochdruckzusatz sowie 0 bis 90 Masse-% Polyphosphat enthält.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87114035T ATE78288T1 (de) | 1987-08-21 | 1987-09-25 | Schmiermittel und verfahren zur kaltumformung metallischer werkstoffe. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP87112154 | 1987-08-21 | ||
EP87112154 | 1987-08-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0303734A2 true EP0303734A2 (de) | 1989-02-22 |
EP0303734A3 EP0303734A3 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
EP0303734B1 EP0303734B1 (de) | 1992-07-15 |
Family
ID=8197217
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87114035A Expired - Lifetime EP0303734B1 (de) | 1987-08-21 | 1987-09-25 | Schmiermittel und Verfahren zur Kaltumformung metallischer Werkstoffe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0303734B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS6474295A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3780461D1 (de) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1093510A1 (de) * | 1998-06-09 | 2001-04-25 | Henkel Corporation | Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur beschichtung von metallen mit schmierkunststoffen |
US6455476B1 (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2002-09-24 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for lubricated plastic working of metals |
US6841246B2 (en) | 1997-11-11 | 2005-01-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Wire for welding |
EP1816184A1 (de) * | 2004-11-22 | 2007-08-08 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Pulverschmiermittelzusammensetzung für das warmumformen und verfahren zur herstellung eines nahtlosen rohrs |
US8541350B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2013-09-24 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Dry-film, anti-corrosive cold forming lubricant |
EP2032679B1 (de) * | 2006-06-28 | 2015-01-07 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG | Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff |
EP2937411A1 (de) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-28 | Voestalpine Stahl GmbH | Blech und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Umformbarkeit eines Blechs |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006176465A (ja) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 芳香族の化合物 |
CN103146468B (zh) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-07-16 | 广西大学 | 一种环境友好型湿平整液 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2957825A (en) * | 1956-10-15 | 1960-10-25 | Devex Corp | Powdered soap lubricant containing inorganic sulfur salts |
US3932287A (en) * | 1971-01-19 | 1976-01-13 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Reactive cold forming lubricant |
DE2529892A1 (de) * | 1974-07-08 | 1976-01-29 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Oberflaechenbehandlungsmittel fuer die metallbearbeitung |
GB2029443A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1980-03-19 | Steetley Minerals Ltd | Metal Forming Lubricant |
-
1987
- 1987-09-14 JP JP62228686A patent/JPS6474295A/ja active Pending
- 1987-09-25 DE DE8787114035T patent/DE3780461D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-25 EP EP87114035A patent/EP0303734B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2957825A (en) * | 1956-10-15 | 1960-10-25 | Devex Corp | Powdered soap lubricant containing inorganic sulfur salts |
US3932287A (en) * | 1971-01-19 | 1976-01-13 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Reactive cold forming lubricant |
DE2529892A1 (de) * | 1974-07-08 | 1976-01-29 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Oberflaechenbehandlungsmittel fuer die metallbearbeitung |
GB2029443A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1980-03-19 | Steetley Minerals Ltd | Metal Forming Lubricant |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6841246B2 (en) | 1997-11-11 | 2005-01-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Wire for welding |
EP1093510A1 (de) * | 1998-06-09 | 2001-04-25 | Henkel Corporation | Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur beschichtung von metallen mit schmierkunststoffen |
EP1093510A4 (de) * | 1998-06-09 | 2002-06-05 | Henkel Corp | Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur beschichtung von metallen mit schmierkunststoffen |
US6455476B1 (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2002-09-24 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for lubricated plastic working of metals |
EP1816184A1 (de) * | 2004-11-22 | 2007-08-08 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Pulverschmiermittelzusammensetzung für das warmumformen und verfahren zur herstellung eines nahtlosen rohrs |
EP1816184A4 (de) * | 2004-11-22 | 2008-06-25 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Pulverschmiermittelzusammensetzung für das warmumformen und verfahren zur herstellung eines nahtlosen rohrs |
US7919439B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2011-04-05 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Powdered lubricant composition for hot working and method for manufacturing seamless tubes |
EP2032679B1 (de) * | 2006-06-28 | 2015-01-07 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG | Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff |
US8541350B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2013-09-24 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Dry-film, anti-corrosive cold forming lubricant |
EP2937411A1 (de) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-28 | Voestalpine Stahl GmbH | Blech und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Umformbarkeit eines Blechs |
WO2015162304A1 (de) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-29 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Blech und verfahren zur verbesserung der umformbarkeit eines blechs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0303734A3 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
EP0303734B1 (de) | 1992-07-15 |
DE3780461D1 (de) | 1992-08-20 |
JPS6474295A (en) | 1989-03-20 |
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