CA1106829A - Cold forming lubrication - Google Patents
Cold forming lubricationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1106829A CA1106829A CA299,010A CA299010A CA1106829A CA 1106829 A CA1106829 A CA 1106829A CA 299010 A CA299010 A CA 299010A CA 1106829 A CA1106829 A CA 1106829A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- cold forming
- workpiece
- synthetic resin
- organic solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Abstract
P-10752 AEX/gk COLD FORMING LUBRICATION
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Cold forming of metal articles is accomplished employing a lubricant containing a synthetic resin and graphite in an organic solvent medium. The lubricant is applied to the surface by contact and dried.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Cold forming of metal articles is accomplished employing a lubricant containing a synthetic resin and graphite in an organic solvent medium. The lubricant is applied to the surface by contact and dried.
Description
Z`~
P-l 0 7 5 2 B_KGROUND OF Tl-IE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating process and composition for cold formin~ of metals wherein metals are contacted with a suspension containing graphite dispersed in a solution or suspenslon of a synthetic resin in an organic solvent and then dried.
The application of a lubricating composition on metal to be subjected to cold forming has been conventionally accomplished by treating the surface with a phosphate solution for ordinary and low alloy steel or with a formate or oxalate solution for stainless steel and then treating the coated surface with a soap containing predominantly sodium stearate as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3711/1957.
Such treatments have drawbacks in that a number of treating lS steps entailing much time and labor are required. Processes usin~ synthetic resins have been disclosed in Japanese Patent Publications Nos, 29541/1974 and 3306/1976, Japanese Patent Prepublication'Nos. 25471/1975 and 27802/1975, U. S.
Patent No. 3,568,486 and the like. Japanese Patent Publica-tion No. 29541/1974 discloses suspensions of a metal sulfide such as molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disul~ide and the like, a metal soap such a~ barium stearate, calcium stearate and the like as an additive for an extxeme pressure lubricant in a synthetic resin. Such suspensions, however, have drawbacks in that the lubrication is insufficient when usin~
only a metal soap and in that the dispersion stability is poor when using molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide due to its relatively hiyh specific gravity. The lubri-catiny compositions as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3306/197G and Japane~e Patent Prepublication No. 2S471/1975 comprise predominantly water-insoluble res,ins, thus thesc are different from the present invention. Some of these lubricatin~ comyositions for rormin~ a resinous lubricatir , .
coating are commercially available and have been employed for pressing or drawing. In practice, however, a lubricating oil had to be applied to the resinous coating in order to compensate for the poor lubrication or a particulated metal soap has been used between dies and workpiece. The resinous coating as such has not been employed except for very mild cold forming and has thus not been employed for drawing steel pipes.
It has now been found that lubricant compositions having high lubricating performance and excellent dispersion stability are obtained by dispersing graphite in a suspension or solution of a synthetic resin in an organic solvent.
More specifically, the invention relates to a process for cold forming a metallic workpiece without application of a conventional chemical conversion coating comprising contact-ing the surface of the workpiece with a composition comprising:
a) 5-50 wt.% of a synthetic resin' b) 40-93 wt.% of an organic solvent and c) 2-10 wt.% of graphite and thereafter subject-ing the workpiece to cold forming.
It is desirable to select a resin known for forming a coating of high strength and ductility. Chlorinated rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene or a mixture thereof is preferred.
Other resins, however, such as polyvinylidene chloride, poly-vinyl chloride, chloroprene type synthetic rubber, chlorinated polyethylene and the like may also be specifically mentioned.
It is also preferred to include the resin in an amount ranging from 5 to 50% to the lubricant composition. In amounts of less than 5%, the dispersion stability of solid lubricant components and the adherence of solid lubricant to the sur-face will be decreased. In amounts of higher than 50/0, drying of the composition will become poor and draining , will be insufficient in the immersion process. Hence, it is possible to maintain the lubricant in a liquid state suitable for use, depending on the resin selected within the range .of 5-5~/~. :
From the standpoint of lubricant properties, the solid lubricant component may include molybdenum disulfide, -2a-P~10752 tungsten disulfide, graphite, metal soaps, talc and the like with molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide and graphite preferred. l~owever, ~raphite forms the most stable disper-sion and is present as the predominallt component of the solid lubricant content. Due to high specific gravity of molybdenum sulfide (4.80~ and that of tungsten sulide (7.5), such solid lubricants have the disadvantage that they are difficultly dispersible. On the other hand, due to the relatively small specific gravity (2.25), graphite can more readily be dispersed, and it has been found that if allowed to settle, graphite can be readily redispersed into the liquid medium by stirring. Graphite may be added preferably in an amount ranging from 2 to 10%. l n an amount of less than 2~, the deposited amount of graphite on the surface will be decreased so that the lubricating effect will be reduced. In an amount of higher than 10~, insufficient dispersion will cause an uneven coating.
Solvents for dissolving the synthetic resin in the first step inc].ude any organic solvents which are volatile enough to permit drying at the temperature employed in a reasonable time such as ketones, aromatic hydrocatbons, aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions derived from pe~roleum sources, chlorinated hydroGarbons, aromatic hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum sources and the like.
Where suitable from the drying standpoint, it is desirable to employ a heavy solvent having a high boiling point such as trichloroethylene or trichloroethane or the like to stabilize the dispersion of graphite and to provide easy handling.
The lubricant composition according to the inven-tion can be prepared by the ollowin~ procedure and has the 3 ~n`~
following composition expressed on the weight basis:
Synthetic resin 5 - 50 %
Organic solvent 40 - 93 Graphite 2 - 10 ~
The synthetic resin is mixed with the organic solvent and the mixture is warmed to a temperature of from 35 to 45C with stirring to enhance the solution or disper-sion of the resin completely. Tnen, graphite is added and the stirring is continued to disperse the graphite uniformly, followed by cooling slowly to room temperature. Finally, solvent which may have vaporized during the stirrin~ is replenished.
The following effects can be achieved by employing the lubricating composition according to the invention:
(1) The workpieces can be worked after the treatment and drying, even without use of auxiliary lubricants such as ~ats, metal soaps and the like.
P-l 0 7 5 2 B_KGROUND OF Tl-IE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating process and composition for cold formin~ of metals wherein metals are contacted with a suspension containing graphite dispersed in a solution or suspenslon of a synthetic resin in an organic solvent and then dried.
The application of a lubricating composition on metal to be subjected to cold forming has been conventionally accomplished by treating the surface with a phosphate solution for ordinary and low alloy steel or with a formate or oxalate solution for stainless steel and then treating the coated surface with a soap containing predominantly sodium stearate as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3711/1957.
Such treatments have drawbacks in that a number of treating lS steps entailing much time and labor are required. Processes usin~ synthetic resins have been disclosed in Japanese Patent Publications Nos, 29541/1974 and 3306/1976, Japanese Patent Prepublication'Nos. 25471/1975 and 27802/1975, U. S.
Patent No. 3,568,486 and the like. Japanese Patent Publica-tion No. 29541/1974 discloses suspensions of a metal sulfide such as molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disul~ide and the like, a metal soap such a~ barium stearate, calcium stearate and the like as an additive for an extxeme pressure lubricant in a synthetic resin. Such suspensions, however, have drawbacks in that the lubrication is insufficient when usin~
only a metal soap and in that the dispersion stability is poor when using molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide due to its relatively hiyh specific gravity. The lubri-catiny compositions as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3306/197G and Japane~e Patent Prepublication No. 2S471/1975 comprise predominantly water-insoluble res,ins, thus thesc are different from the present invention. Some of these lubricatin~ comyositions for rormin~ a resinous lubricatir , .
coating are commercially available and have been employed for pressing or drawing. In practice, however, a lubricating oil had to be applied to the resinous coating in order to compensate for the poor lubrication or a particulated metal soap has been used between dies and workpiece. The resinous coating as such has not been employed except for very mild cold forming and has thus not been employed for drawing steel pipes.
It has now been found that lubricant compositions having high lubricating performance and excellent dispersion stability are obtained by dispersing graphite in a suspension or solution of a synthetic resin in an organic solvent.
More specifically, the invention relates to a process for cold forming a metallic workpiece without application of a conventional chemical conversion coating comprising contact-ing the surface of the workpiece with a composition comprising:
a) 5-50 wt.% of a synthetic resin' b) 40-93 wt.% of an organic solvent and c) 2-10 wt.% of graphite and thereafter subject-ing the workpiece to cold forming.
It is desirable to select a resin known for forming a coating of high strength and ductility. Chlorinated rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene or a mixture thereof is preferred.
Other resins, however, such as polyvinylidene chloride, poly-vinyl chloride, chloroprene type synthetic rubber, chlorinated polyethylene and the like may also be specifically mentioned.
It is also preferred to include the resin in an amount ranging from 5 to 50% to the lubricant composition. In amounts of less than 5%, the dispersion stability of solid lubricant components and the adherence of solid lubricant to the sur-face will be decreased. In amounts of higher than 50/0, drying of the composition will become poor and draining , will be insufficient in the immersion process. Hence, it is possible to maintain the lubricant in a liquid state suitable for use, depending on the resin selected within the range .of 5-5~/~. :
From the standpoint of lubricant properties, the solid lubricant component may include molybdenum disulfide, -2a-P~10752 tungsten disulfide, graphite, metal soaps, talc and the like with molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide and graphite preferred. l~owever, ~raphite forms the most stable disper-sion and is present as the predominallt component of the solid lubricant content. Due to high specific gravity of molybdenum sulfide (4.80~ and that of tungsten sulide (7.5), such solid lubricants have the disadvantage that they are difficultly dispersible. On the other hand, due to the relatively small specific gravity (2.25), graphite can more readily be dispersed, and it has been found that if allowed to settle, graphite can be readily redispersed into the liquid medium by stirring. Graphite may be added preferably in an amount ranging from 2 to 10%. l n an amount of less than 2~, the deposited amount of graphite on the surface will be decreased so that the lubricating effect will be reduced. In an amount of higher than 10~, insufficient dispersion will cause an uneven coating.
Solvents for dissolving the synthetic resin in the first step inc].ude any organic solvents which are volatile enough to permit drying at the temperature employed in a reasonable time such as ketones, aromatic hydrocatbons, aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions derived from pe~roleum sources, chlorinated hydroGarbons, aromatic hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum sources and the like.
Where suitable from the drying standpoint, it is desirable to employ a heavy solvent having a high boiling point such as trichloroethylene or trichloroethane or the like to stabilize the dispersion of graphite and to provide easy handling.
The lubricant composition according to the inven-tion can be prepared by the ollowin~ procedure and has the 3 ~n`~
following composition expressed on the weight basis:
Synthetic resin 5 - 50 %
Organic solvent 40 - 93 Graphite 2 - 10 ~
The synthetic resin is mixed with the organic solvent and the mixture is warmed to a temperature of from 35 to 45C with stirring to enhance the solution or disper-sion of the resin completely. Tnen, graphite is added and the stirring is continued to disperse the graphite uniformly, followed by cooling slowly to room temperature. Finally, solvent which may have vaporized during the stirrin~ is replenished.
The following effects can be achieved by employing the lubricating composition according to the invention:
(1) The workpieces can be worked after the treatment and drying, even without use of auxiliary lubricants such as ~ats, metal soaps and the like.
(2) As no conventional chemical conversion coating is required, the number of treating steps and line length can be reduced.
(3) Since the lubricating composition is adhered physically on the surface, the surface appearance after cold formin~ is better.
(4) As the lubricating composition is applied at room temperature and may be dried at room temperature, energy requirements can be reduced.
(5) As the lubricating composition can be applied by any conventional technique such as immersion, brushing or spraying, it has wide utility or tube drawing, wire drawing, stamping, extrusion, orging and the li~e.
(6) The content of the lubricant composition can be easily contro~led b~ controlling ~iscosity or solid content.
P-1075~
The inven~ion will be further illustrated by way of the ollowing examples.
.
Lubricating compositions Nos. 1 and 2 were prepared in accordance with the following formulations and their properties were compared with conventional lubricants A and B.
Lubricating Composition of the invention No. 1 No. 2 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene 10% Polyvinyl chloride 8 Rubber chloride 3 Rubber chlorlde 4 Trichloroethylene 82 Trichloroethylene 83 Graphite 5 Graphite 5 Conventional lubricant A Conventional Lubricant B
Commercially available product Prepared according to the process of Japanese Patent Publication No. 33Q6/76 Origincoat A-L ~ Rubber chloride 20%
Available from Origin Electric Trichloroethylene 50 Co. Ca stearate 30 Stainless steel workpieces were immersed in the compositions at room.temperature and dried for one day at room temperature. The treated workpieces were then drawn under the following conditions:
-~JQ~
Drawillg conditions: 3 Pass-drawing of AISI 304 wire having a diameter of 3 mm 25% 25%
Reduction: 3.0 mm ~ 2.6 mm~ 2.25 mm ~5~
-~ 1.95 mm; drawing speed: 50 m/mi~.
No application of a granular metal soap between dies and the workpiece was employed during the drawing.
As shown in Table 1, better results were obtained by the use of the lubricating compositions Nos. 1 and 2 according to the invention than those by the use of conventional lubricants A and B.
Table 1 Average force (kg) of 3 tests required for drawing a wire, Composition Number of passes Evaluation . . . _ . .
1st 2nd 3rd . _ _ .......... ..... _ _ . ............. .
Lubricating composition according to the invention No. 1 183.2 180.4 179,1 The workability was No, 2 184.7 181.9 178,8 sufficient and the finished surface remained continuous black graphite.
Conventional lubricating composition A 186.1 189.6 ---- The workpiece fractured during the third pass making further drawing impossible B 184.3 186.2 182.6 Cracks developed during the third pass exposing the metal surface P-10752 'l~
EX~MPLE 2 The lubricating compositions as disclosed in Example 1 were applled to stainless steel sheet at room temperature and dried for one day at room temperature. The treated sheets were then subjected to deep drawing under the following conditions: .
Workpiece: AISI 304 sheet having a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 1,0 mm Testing machine: Testing machine of Type TF 102 for deep drawing (available from Tokyo Koki Co.) Maximum punching load: 12 tons Diameter of punch: 40 mm Diameter of die: 42 mrn Blank Holding Load: 3000 kg Drawing speed: Approximately 3,5 mm/sec, As shown in Table 2, better results were obtained by using the lubricating composition Nos. 1 and 2 than those obtained by using the conventional lubricating compositions A and B~
Table 2 ~ Reduction (Average 5 tests) Maximum load, tons .
Composition according to the invention No. 1 53% (complete drawing) 7.53 No. 2 53~ (complete drawing) 7.67 Control A 18.6% (cracked during drawing) 7.97 B 21,5~ (cracked during drawing) 7~94
P-1075~
The inven~ion will be further illustrated by way of the ollowing examples.
.
Lubricating compositions Nos. 1 and 2 were prepared in accordance with the following formulations and their properties were compared with conventional lubricants A and B.
Lubricating Composition of the invention No. 1 No. 2 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene 10% Polyvinyl chloride 8 Rubber chloride 3 Rubber chlorlde 4 Trichloroethylene 82 Trichloroethylene 83 Graphite 5 Graphite 5 Conventional lubricant A Conventional Lubricant B
Commercially available product Prepared according to the process of Japanese Patent Publication No. 33Q6/76 Origincoat A-L ~ Rubber chloride 20%
Available from Origin Electric Trichloroethylene 50 Co. Ca stearate 30 Stainless steel workpieces were immersed in the compositions at room.temperature and dried for one day at room temperature. The treated workpieces were then drawn under the following conditions:
-~JQ~
Drawillg conditions: 3 Pass-drawing of AISI 304 wire having a diameter of 3 mm 25% 25%
Reduction: 3.0 mm ~ 2.6 mm~ 2.25 mm ~5~
-~ 1.95 mm; drawing speed: 50 m/mi~.
No application of a granular metal soap between dies and the workpiece was employed during the drawing.
As shown in Table 1, better results were obtained by the use of the lubricating compositions Nos. 1 and 2 according to the invention than those by the use of conventional lubricants A and B.
Table 1 Average force (kg) of 3 tests required for drawing a wire, Composition Number of passes Evaluation . . . _ . .
1st 2nd 3rd . _ _ .......... ..... _ _ . ............. .
Lubricating composition according to the invention No. 1 183.2 180.4 179,1 The workability was No, 2 184.7 181.9 178,8 sufficient and the finished surface remained continuous black graphite.
Conventional lubricating composition A 186.1 189.6 ---- The workpiece fractured during the third pass making further drawing impossible B 184.3 186.2 182.6 Cracks developed during the third pass exposing the metal surface P-10752 'l~
EX~MPLE 2 The lubricating compositions as disclosed in Example 1 were applled to stainless steel sheet at room temperature and dried for one day at room temperature. The treated sheets were then subjected to deep drawing under the following conditions: .
Workpiece: AISI 304 sheet having a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 1,0 mm Testing machine: Testing machine of Type TF 102 for deep drawing (available from Tokyo Koki Co.) Maximum punching load: 12 tons Diameter of punch: 40 mm Diameter of die: 42 mrn Blank Holding Load: 3000 kg Drawing speed: Approximately 3,5 mm/sec, As shown in Table 2, better results were obtained by using the lubricating composition Nos. 1 and 2 than those obtained by using the conventional lubricating compositions A and B~
Table 2 ~ Reduction (Average 5 tests) Maximum load, tons .
Composition according to the invention No. 1 53% (complete drawing) 7.53 No. 2 53~ (complete drawing) 7.67 Control A 18.6% (cracked during drawing) 7.97 B 21,5~ (cracked during drawing) 7~94
Claims (4)
1. A process for cold forming a metallic workpiece without application of a conventional chemical conversion coating comprising contacting the surface of the workpiece with a composition comprising:
a) 5-50 wt.% of a synthetic resin;
b) 40-93 wt.% of an organic solvent; and c) 2-10 wt.% of graphite and thereafter subjecting the workpiece to cold forming.
a) 5-50 wt.% of a synthetic resin;
b) 40-93 wt.% of an organic solvent; and c) 2-10 wt.% of graphite and thereafter subjecting the workpiece to cold forming.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein said composi-tion additionally contains a solid lubricant component selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten sulfides in an amount less than the graphite content.
3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin is selected from the group consisting of chlorinated rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyethylene and chloro-prene resins.
4. A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic aliphatic hydro-carbons, and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2909877A JPS53113745A (en) | 1977-03-16 | 1977-03-16 | Lubricant for plasttc working |
| JP29098/77 | 1977-03-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1106829A true CA1106829A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
Family
ID=12266866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA299,010A Expired CA1106829A (en) | 1977-03-16 | 1978-03-15 | Cold forming lubrication |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53113745A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU514603B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1106829A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA781451B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115074176A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-20 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Heat-resistant steel wire drawing lubricant, and preparation method and coating method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5443854B2 (en) * | 1972-07-14 | 1979-12-22 | ||
| JPS5025471A (en) * | 1973-07-07 | 1975-03-18 | ||
| JPS513306A (en) * | 1974-06-29 | 1976-01-12 | Plibrico Japan Co Ltd | PAIPUGAISHUTAIKARAININGUNO PUREHABUBUROTSU KUSHIKIKOCHIKUHOHO |
-
1977
- 1977-03-16 JP JP2909877A patent/JPS53113745A/en active Pending
-
1978
- 1978-03-09 AU AU34000/78A patent/AU514603B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-13 ZA ZA00781451A patent/ZA781451B/en unknown
- 1978-03-15 CA CA299,010A patent/CA1106829A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115074176A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-20 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Heat-resistant steel wire drawing lubricant, and preparation method and coating method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA781451B (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| AU514603B2 (en) | 1981-02-19 |
| AU3400078A (en) | 1979-09-13 |
| JPS53113745A (en) | 1978-10-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |