EP0135193B1 - Metal-working lubricant - Google Patents
Metal-working lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0135193B1 EP0135193B1 EP84110944A EP84110944A EP0135193B1 EP 0135193 B1 EP0135193 B1 EP 0135193B1 EP 84110944 A EP84110944 A EP 84110944A EP 84110944 A EP84110944 A EP 84110944A EP 0135193 B1 EP0135193 B1 EP 0135193B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- calcium carbonate
- coated
- adhesion promoter
- lubricant according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 title 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
- C10M139/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00 having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. silanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
- C10M2207/4045—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lubricant for the cold working of metals containing fatty oils and / or mineral oils and calcium carbonate dispersed therein and its application to the cold working of steel, stainless steel, copper or zinc.
- Lubrication is required to reduce the friction and wear between metal molds and tools and the workpiece when cold working metals, and to prevent cold welding.
- lubrication has mainly been carried out by forming a phosphate coating on the surface and applying soap thereon.
- Certain disadvantages in the pretreatment of metal surfaces before the cold forming by phosphating and soaping are that the phosphating is carried out at elevated temperatures (energy consumption) and requires several work steps.
- Another working method for cold working is to treat the metal surfaces with lubricating oils containing high-pressure additives.
- lubricating oils which are suitable for drawing in cold working, there is the problem with high deformation work that the adhesive strength of the oil film on the metal surface is not sufficient, so that cold welding occurs and damage points occur on the metal molds and tools as well as on workpieces.
- solid lubricant additives such as molybdenum disulfide, graphite, Teflon powder, resin acid-coated calcium carbonate are also used.
- molybdenum disulphide and graphite are very expensive materials, and moreover, they are insufficiently effective in cold working with high deformation work, so that additives with higher performance are required.
- Resin acid-coated calcium carbonate is inexpensive and, within certain limits, also has good lubricating properties, but in order to achieve good lubricating performance, it must be mixed with at least 30% by weight of the lubricating oil.
- the viscosity of the lubricant increases extraordinarily, it is difficult to supply it and the work performance decreases. After processing, it is difficult to remove the lubricant adhering to the products. If the lubricant is used repeatedly in a recycle process, the properties of the resin acid-coated calcium carbonate are impaired due to the temporary heating during processing, the viscosity has risen to 3 to 10 times that of the fresh lubricant and the work output has decreased accordingly.
- the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known methods for pretreatment before cold machining or that of the known lubricants and to provide a lubricant which is inexpensive, saves energy in lubrication, shortens the machining process, improves the surface quality of cold-machined workpieces and the subsequent degreasing easier.
- the lubricant of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that it contains 5 to 50% by weight of calcium carbonate coated with silane coupling agent and with an average grain diameter of up to 3 ⁇ m.
- Calcium carbonate of the required fineness can be produced by crushing and grinding in colloid mills or by wet precipitation processes with subsequent drying.
- Silane coupling agents are known compounds and are described, for example, in Ullmann "Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 4th edition, volume 21, page 496 ff.
- Amino and vinyl silane are particularly suitable silane coupling agents.
- a lubricant is advantageously used which contains spindle-shaped calcium carbonate coated with silane coupling agent.
- the average grain diameter of the coated calcium carbonate of up to 3 .mu.m is important insofar as the larger diameter of the lubricant tears strongly during high deformation work, so that it does not penetrate between the mold and the workpiece and the lubricating effect remains low.
- coated calcium carbonate With regard to the content of coated calcium carbonate, it should be pointed out that below 5% by weight, frictional contact between the mold and the workpiece cannot be ruled out with certainty. With a content of more than 50% by weight, there is a high coefficient of friction, the lubricating properties decrease and the viscosity rises sharply, so that the work performance deteriorates.
- a lubricant which contains 10 to 30% by weight of calcium carbonate coated with silane coupling agent.
- the lubricant according to the invention can be used within the process sequence pickling with acid, rinsing with water, optionally in 2 stages, drying and lubrication.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides for the surfactant to be added to the lubricant.
- Nonionic, anionic, cationic or zwitterionic surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants, are suitable for this.
- the lubricant according to the present invention is applied at temperatures from room temperature to 60 ° C. It can be applied to the workpiece by dipping, brushing, pouring, spraying, etc.
- the lubricant according to the present invention is universally applicable. In particular, it is for the Cold machining of steel, stainless steel, copper or zinc suitable.
- the advantages of the lubricant according to the invention are to save energy in the cold working of the metals, to shorten the process, to increase the surface quality of the workpieces and to improve the removability of the lubricant after the cold working. In addition, there is no significant increase in viscosity when the lubricant is used repeatedly.
- the aforementioned lubricants were tested by the point contact method in the SRV vibration friction and wear tester. Steel balls with a diameter of 10 mm and discs with a thickness of 8 mm and 24 mm were used to determine the coefficient of friction and the depth of wear.
- the test conditions were:
- lubricants 1 and 2 according to the invention had a low coefficient of friction with good stability. They were also advantageous due to the low depth of wear. In contrast, the stability of the friction coefficient of the known lubricants was particularly unsatisfactory and the depth of wear was poor.
- the lubricants in Table 2 were measured for the change in their viscosity after heating to 130 ° C. for 6 days.
- the SRV test was carried out analogously to Example 1.
- the results of the tests are set out in Table 3.
- the lubricants 7 to 9 correspond to the invention, the lubricants 10 and 11 are conventional.
- the lubricants according to the present invention had an advantageous coefficient of friction in the SRV test with good stability even at low viscosity; the changes in viscosity were also small and therefore favorable.
- the pipes processed with the lubricant according to the present invention showed no damage, and they were also of low surface roughness. Finally, the lubricant removal properties were also good.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schmiermittel für die Kaltbearbeitung von Metallen mit einem Gehalt an fetten Ölen und/oder Mineralölen und darin dispergiertem Kalziumkarbonat sowie dessen Anwendung auf die Kaltbearbeitung von Stahl, Edelstahl, Kupfer oder Zink.The invention relates to a lubricant for the cold working of metals containing fatty oils and / or mineral oils and calcium carbonate dispersed therein and its application to the cold working of steel, stainless steel, copper or zinc.
Um bei der Kaltbearbeitung von Metallen die Reibung zwischen Metallformen und -werkzeugen und dem Werkstück sowie deren Abnutzung zu vermindern und die Kaltverschweißung zu verhindern, ist eine Schmierung erforderlich.Lubrication is required to reduce the friction and wear between metal molds and tools and the workpiece when cold working metals, and to prevent cold welding.
Bisher wurde bei der verformenden Bearbeitung von Eisen und Stahl, insbesondere bei hoher Verformungsarbeit, hauptsächlich in der Weise geschmiert, daß man auf der Oberfläche einen Phosphatüberzug bildete und darauf Seife auftrug. Gewisse Nachteile bei der Vorbehandlung von Metalloberflächen vor der Kaltverformung durch Phosphatierung und Beseifung bestehen darin, daß die Phosphatierung bei erhöhten Temperaturen vorgenommen wird (Energieverbrauch) und mehrere Arbeitsstufen erfordert.Hitherto, when iron and steel have been deformed, in particular with high deformation work, lubrication has mainly been carried out by forming a phosphate coating on the surface and applying soap thereon. Certain disadvantages in the pretreatment of metal surfaces before the cold forming by phosphating and soaping are that the phosphating is carried out at elevated temperatures (energy consumption) and requires several work steps.
Eine andere Arbeitsweise zur Kaltbearbeitung besteht darin, die Metalloberflächen mit Hochdruckzusätzen enthaltenden Schmierölen zu behandeln. Bei diesen Schmierölen, die zum Ziehstrecken in der Kaltbearbeitung geeignet sind, besteht bei hoher Verformungsarbeit das Problem, daß die Haftfestigkeit des Ölfilmes auf der Metalloberfläche nicht ausreicht, so daß Kaltverschweißungen auftreten und an den Metallformen und -werkzeugen sowie an Werkstücken Schadstellen entstehen.Another working method for cold working is to treat the metal surfaces with lubricating oils containing high-pressure additives. With these lubricating oils, which are suitable for drawing in cold working, there is the problem with high deformation work that the adhesive strength of the oil film on the metal surface is not sufficient, so that cold welding occurs and damage points occur on the metal molds and tools as well as on workpieces.
Schließlich werden in den Fällen, in denen Schmieröle für hohe Verformungsarbeiten eingesetzt werden, auch feste Schmiermittelzusätze, wie Molybdändisulfid, Graphit, Teflonpulver, Harzsäure-überzogenes Kalziumkarbonat verwendet. Molybdändisulfid und Graphit sind jedoch sehr teure Materialien, zudem in der Kaltbearbeitung mit hoher Verformungsarbeit von unzureichender Wirksamkeit, so daß Zusätze mit höherer Leistung erforderlich sind. Harzsäure-überzogenes Kalziumkarbonat ist preiswert und in gewissen Grenzen auch von guten Schmiereigenschaften, jedoch muß es - um gute Schmierleistung zu erzielen - dem Schmieröl zumindest zu 30 Gew.-% beigemischt sein. Dadurch steigt aber die Viskosität des Schmiermittels außerordentlich, seine Zuführbarkeit ist erschwert und die Arbeitsleistung läßt nach. Nach der Bearbeitung ist es schwierig, das an den Produkten haftende Schmiermittel zu entfernen. Verwendet man das Schmiermittel im Kreislaufverfahren wiederholt, so ist durch die vorübergehende Erhitzung während der Bearbeitung das Harzsäure-überzogene Kalziumkarbonat in seinen Eigenschaften beeinträchtigt, die Viskosität auf das 3- bis 10- fache des frischen Schmiermittels angestiegen und die Arbeitsleistung entsprechend abgesunken.Finally, when lubricating oils are used for high deformation work, solid lubricant additives such as molybdenum disulfide, graphite, Teflon powder, resin acid-coated calcium carbonate are also used. However, molybdenum disulphide and graphite are very expensive materials, and moreover, they are insufficiently effective in cold working with high deformation work, so that additives with higher performance are required. Resin acid-coated calcium carbonate is inexpensive and, within certain limits, also has good lubricating properties, but in order to achieve good lubricating performance, it must be mixed with at least 30% by weight of the lubricating oil. As a result, however, the viscosity of the lubricant increases extraordinarily, it is difficult to supply it and the work performance decreases. After processing, it is difficult to remove the lubricant adhering to the products. If the lubricant is used repeatedly in a recycle process, the properties of the resin acid-coated calcium carbonate are impaired due to the temporary heating during processing, the viscosity has risen to 3 to 10 times that of the fresh lubricant and the work output has decreased accordingly.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Nachteile der bekannten Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung vor der Kaltbearbeitung bzw. die der bekannten Schmiermittel zu vermeiden und ein Schmiermittel bereitzustellen, das preiswert ist, bei der Schmierung Energie einsparen hilft, den Bearbeitungsprozeß verkürzt, die Oberflächengüte kaltbearbeiteter Werkstücke verbessert und das anschließende Entfetten erleichtert.The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known methods for pretreatment before cold machining or that of the known lubricants and to provide a lubricant which is inexpensive, saves energy in lubrication, shortens the machining process, improves the surface quality of cold-machined workpieces and the subsequent degreasing easier.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst, indem das Schmiermittel der eingangs genannten Art entsprechend der Erfindung derart ausgebildet wird, daß es 5 bis 50 Gew.-% mit Silan-Haftvermittler-überzogenes Kalziumkarbonat mit bis zu 3 um durchschnittlichem Korndurchmesser enthält.The object is achieved in that the lubricant of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that it contains 5 to 50% by weight of calcium carbonate coated with silane coupling agent and with an average grain diameter of up to 3 μm.
Ein Kalziumkarbonat der geforderten Feinheit kann durch Brechen und Mahlen in Kolloidmühlen oder aber durch nasse Fällungsverfahren mit anschließender Trocknung hergestellt werden.Calcium carbonate of the required fineness can be produced by crushing and grinding in colloid mills or by wet precipitation processes with subsequent drying.
Silan-Haftvermittler sind an sich bekannte Verbindungen und beispielsweise in Ullmann "Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie", 4. Aufl., Band 21, Seite 496 ff. beschrieben.Silane coupling agents are known compounds and are described, for example, in Ullmann "Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 4th edition, volume 21, page 496 ff.
Besonders geeignete Silan-Haftvermittler sind Amino- und Vinylsilan.Amino and vinyl silane are particularly suitable silane coupling agents.
Vorteilhafterweise wird ein Schmiermittel eingesetzt, das Silan-Haftvermittlerüberzogenes, spindelförmiges Kalziumkarbonat enthält.A lubricant is advantageously used which contains spindle-shaped calcium carbonate coated with silane coupling agent.
Als Grundstoff des Schmiermittels dienen herkömmliche fette Öle und/oder Mineralöle, denen Hochdruckzusätze und dergl. zugesetzt sein können.Conventional fatty oils and / or mineral oils, to which high-pressure additives and the like can be added, serve as the base material of the lubricant.
Der durchschnittliche Korndurchmesser des überzogenen Kalziumkarbonates mit bis zu 3 um ist insofern von Bedeutung, als bei größerem Durchmesser das Schmiermittel bei hohen Verformungsarbeiten stark reißt, so daß es nicht zwischen Formwerkzeug und Werkstück eindringt und die Schmierwirkung gering bleibt.The average grain diameter of the coated calcium carbonate of up to 3 .mu.m is important insofar as the larger diameter of the lubricant tears strongly during high deformation work, so that it does not penetrate between the mold and the workpiece and the lubricating effect remains low.
Hinsichtlich des Gehaltes an überzogenem Kalziumkarbonat ist darauf hinzuweisen, daß unterhalb 5 Gew.-% ein Reibungskontakt zwischen Formwerkzeug und Werkstück nicht mit Sicherheit auszuschließen ist. Bei einem Gehalt über 50 Gew.-% ergibt sich ein hoher Reibungskoeffizient, die Schmiereigenschaft sinkt ab und die Viskosität steigt stark an, so daß sich die Arbeitsleistung verschlechtert.With regard to the content of coated calcium carbonate, it should be pointed out that below 5% by weight, frictional contact between the mold and the workpiece cannot be ruled out with certainty. With a content of more than 50% by weight, there is a high coefficient of friction, the lubricating properties decrease and the viscosity rises sharply, so that the work performance deteriorates.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, ein Schmiermittel einzusetzen, das 10 bis 30 Gew.-% Silan-Haftvermittler- überzogenes Kalziumkarbonat enthält.It is particularly advantageous to use a lubricant which contains 10 to 30% by weight of calcium carbonate coated with silane coupling agent.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel kann innerhalb das Verfahrensablaufes Beizen mit Säure, Spülen mit Wasser, gegebenenfalls in 2 Stufen, Trocknen und Schmieren zum Einsatz kommen. Um die Entfernung des Schmiermittels nach der Kaltbearbeitung zu erleichtern, sieht eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, dem Schmiermittel oberflächenaktive Stoffe zuzusetzen. Hierfür sind nichtionogene, anionische, kationische oder zwitterionische Tenside, insbesondere nichtionogene Tenside, geeignet.The lubricant according to the invention can be used within the process sequence pickling with acid, rinsing with water, optionally in 2 stages, drying and lubrication. In order to facilitate the removal of the lubricant after cold working, a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides for the surfactant to be added to the lubricant. Nonionic, anionic, cationic or zwitterionic surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants, are suitable for this.
Das Schmiermittel gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird bei Temperaturen von Raumtemperatur bis 60° C aufgebracht. Die Aufbringung auf das Werkstück kann durch Tauchen, Aufstreichen mit dem Pinsel, Übergießen, Besprühen usw. erfolgen.The lubricant according to the present invention is applied at temperatures from room temperature to 60 ° C. It can be applied to the workpiece by dipping, brushing, pouring, spraying, etc.
Das Schmiermittel gemäß vorliegender Erfindung ist universell anwendbar. Insbesondere ist es für die Kaltbearbeitung von Stahl, Edelstahl, Kupfer oder Zink geeignet.The lubricant according to the present invention is universally applicable. In particular, it is for the Cold machining of steel, stainless steel, copper or zinc suitable.
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels sind, bei der Kaltbearbeitung der Metalle Energie zu sparen, den Prozeß abzukürzen, die Oberflächengüte der Werkstücke zu erhöhen und die Entfernbarkeit des Schmiermittels nach der Kaltbearbeitung zu verbessern. Darüber hinaus tritt ein wesentliches Ansteigen der Viskosität bei wiederholtem Einsatz des Schmiermittels nicht auf.The advantages of the lubricant according to the invention are to save energy in the cold working of the metals, to shorten the process, to increase the surface quality of the workpieces and to improve the removability of the lubricant after the cold working. In addition, there is no significant increase in viscosity when the lubricant is used repeatedly.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der folgenden Beispiele beispielsweise und näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the following examples, for example and in more detail.
Zur Durchführung der Versuche dienten zwei erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel, nämlichTwo lubricants according to the invention were used to carry out the tests, namely
Die Versuchsbedingungen waren
Die Meßergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengestellt.
Nach den Ergebnissen der SRV-Versuche besaßen die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel 1 und 2 einen niedrigen Reibungskoeffizienten mit guter Stabilität. Sie waren auch infolge geringer Abnutzungstiefe vorteilhaft. Demgegenüber war insbesondere die Stabilität des Reibungskoeffizienten der bekannten Schmiermittel unbefriedigend und die Abnutzungstiefe schlecht.According to the results of the SRV tests, lubricants 1 and 2 according to the invention had a low coefficient of friction with good stability. They were also advantageous due to the low depth of wear. In contrast, the stability of the friction coefficient of the known lubricants was particularly unsatisfactory and the depth of wear was poor.
Hierbei wurden die Schmiermittel der Tabelle 2 auf die Veränderung ihrer Viskosität nach 6-tägiger Erhitzung auf 130°C hin gemessen. Der SRV-Test wurde analog dem Beispiel 1 durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Versuche sind in Tabelle 3 niedergelegt.
Nach den Ergebnissen der Versuche vorübergehender Erhitzung besaßen die Schmiermittel nach vorliegender Erfindung auch bei geringer Viskosität einen vorteilhaften Reibungskoeffizienten im SRV-Versuch bei guter Stabilität; auch die Veränderungen der Viskosität war gering und damit günstig.According to the results of the tests of temporary heating, the lubricants according to the present invention had an advantageous coefficient of friction in the SRV test with good stability even at low viscosity; the changes in viscosity were also small and therefore favorable.
Stahlrohre wurden unter Verwendung des Schmiermittels 7 des Beispiels 2 nach dem Verfahren der Tabelle 4 für das Ziehen vorbereitet und gezogen. Es wurden die Zugkraft und die Kraft des Stopfens gemessen, das Äußere des gezogenen Rohres betrachtet und auf Rauhheit der Oberfläche sowie Schmiermittelentfernbarkeit untersucht. Die Ziehbedingungen sind in Tabelle 5 und die Ergebnisse in Tabelle 6 niedergelegt.
Entfernen des Schmiermittels: alkalischer Reiniger mit anschließendem WasserspülenRemoving the lubricant: alkaline cleaner followed by rinsing with water
Zum Vergleich wurden in Vergleichsversuch 1 Stahlrohre gleicher Qualität und unter gleichen Bedingungen, jedoch unter Verwendung des Schmiermittels 11 der Tabelle 2, gezogen. Auch diese Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 6 zusammengefaßt.For comparison, steel tubes of the same quality and under the same conditions, but using the lubricant 11 in Table 2, were drawn in comparison experiment 1. These results are also summarized in Table 6.
In Vergleichsversuch 2 wurden gleichartige Stahlrohre einer Phosphatierbehandlung mit anschließender Beseifung unterworfen und dann unter den gleichen Ziehbedingungen verformt.In comparative experiment 2, similar steel tubes were subjected to a phosphating treatment with subsequent soaping and then deformed under the same drawing conditions.
Die Vorbehandlung erfolgte dabei nach dem Schema:
Nach den Ergebnissen der Rohrziehversuche zeigten die mit dem Schmiermittel nach vorliegender Erfindung verarbeiteten Rohre keine Schadstellen, sie waren außerdem von geringer Rauhheit der Oberfläche. Schließlich waren auch die Eigenschaften der Schmiermittelentfernung gut.According to the results of the pipe pulling tests, the pipes processed with the lubricant according to the present invention showed no damage, and they were also of low surface roughness. Finally, the lubricant removal properties were also good.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT84110944T ATE34998T1 (en) | 1983-09-17 | 1984-09-13 | METALWORKING LUBRICANTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP170580/83 | 1983-09-17 | ||
| JP58170580A JPS6063295A (en) | 1983-09-17 | 1983-09-17 | Lubricant for cold working of metallic materials |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0135193A2 EP0135193A2 (en) | 1985-03-27 |
| EP0135193A3 EP0135193A3 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
| EP0135193B1 true EP0135193B1 (en) | 1988-06-08 |
Family
ID=15907465
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84110944A Expired EP0135193B1 (en) | 1983-09-17 | 1984-09-13 | Metal-working lubricant |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0135193B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6063295A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE34998T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3433597A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2697072A (en) * | 1951-06-08 | 1954-12-14 | Texas Co | Emulsion type drawing compounds containing carboxyalkyl cellulose salts |
| US2977300A (en) * | 1958-08-21 | 1961-03-28 | Continental Oil Co | Method of producing heat-stable greases |
| US3372117A (en) * | 1965-11-26 | 1968-03-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Cold forming lubricant |
| US3879305A (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1975-04-22 | Mobil Oil Corp | Grease thickened with oxygen-linked or sulfur-linked polyureas |
-
1983
- 1983-09-17 JP JP58170580A patent/JPS6063295A/en active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-09-13 EP EP84110944A patent/EP0135193B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-09-13 AT AT84110944T patent/ATE34998T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-09-13 DE DE19843433597 patent/DE3433597A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-09-13 DE DE8484110944T patent/DE3471952D1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3433597A1 (en) | 1985-04-18 |
| JPS6063295A (en) | 1985-04-11 |
| DE3471952D1 (en) | 1988-07-14 |
| EP0135193A3 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
| JPS6126957B2 (en) | 1986-06-23 |
| ATE34998T1 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
| EP0135193A2 (en) | 1985-03-27 |
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