EP0299005B1 - Barre de support pour une lame - Google Patents

Barre de support pour une lame Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0299005B1
EP0299005B1 EP88900538A EP88900538A EP0299005B1 EP 0299005 B1 EP0299005 B1 EP 0299005B1 EP 88900538 A EP88900538 A EP 88900538A EP 88900538 A EP88900538 A EP 88900538A EP 0299005 B1 EP0299005 B1 EP 0299005B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heald
sheet
connection part
bar
supporting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88900538A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0299005A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Koch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grob and Co AG
Original Assignee
Grob and Co AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grob and Co AG filed Critical Grob and Co AG
Publication of EP0299005A1 publication Critical patent/EP0299005A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0299005B1 publication Critical patent/EP0299005B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C9/00—Healds; Heald frames
    • D03C9/06—Heald frames
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C9/00—Healds; Heald frames
    • D03C9/06—Heald frames
    • D03C9/0608—Construction of frame parts
    • D03C9/0616—Horizontal upper or lower rods
    • D03C9/0625—Composition or used material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C9/00—Healds; Heald frames
    • D03C9/06—Heald frames
    • D03C9/0608—Construction of frame parts
    • D03C9/0616—Horizontal upper or lower rods
    • D03C9/0633—Heald bars or their connection to other frame parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a support rod for a heald frame consisting of a shaft rod and a heddle support rail connected to it, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the supporting rods of which two each connected by side supports form a frame called a heald frame, consist of a hollow profile made of light metal.
  • the heddle support rail is connected in one piece to the hollow profile of the shaft rod, which is rectangular in cross section, via an elongated side wall of this hollow profile.
  • the one-piece support rod can be produced as a drawn profile.
  • a shaft rod made from profiled sheets for a heald frame which essentially consists of two profile-rolled sheet metal parts which, due to their angled cross-sectional shape produced by the rolling process, enclose a cavity when placed against one another and also with the two to the same side angled end edges at a distance from the cavity delimit a channel into which the leg of a cross-sectionally T-shaped profile strip extends, which serves as a heddle support rail which is glued to the aforementioned leg in the channel.
  • a reinforcing material made of plastic is arranged in a honeycomb structure in the cavity and is also fixed by gluing.
  • Profile-rolled sheet metal parts with right-angled cross-sections both on one side and on the opposite side are very difficult to handle with a length of several meters in accordance with the large heald frame width used today, the sheet metal parts throwing and becoming crooked, making it very difficult to especially when using adhesive bonds, it is able to produce an exactly straight shaft rod, as has been shown in practice.
  • the shaft rods used for their manufacture must be very precise and very stable. The use of thin-walled sheet metal material for weight reduction alone does not lead to the goal.
  • the object underlying the invention was therefore to produce a support rod for heald frames from the material steel, which is very suitable in terms of properties such as flexural strength, machinability, etc., but in a lightweight construction, which in terms of weight compared to a support rod made of light metal profile leads to a more favorable result and can also be realized with comparable manufacturing costs in relation to the end product.
  • the support rod has the features of claim 1. It therefore consists essentially of flat sheet metal sections, which guarantees that a support rod several meters long and made by joining sheet metal sections does not warp. In order to realize the lightweight construction, very thin sheet metal is used, which allows the use of a high-speed assembly device, whereby it is expedient to work with laser welding.
  • the wall-forming sheet metal sections of the longitudinal narrow sides of the shaft bar or the profiled bars preferably have a material thickness that is several times greater than that of the sheet metal sections of the longitudinal breadth ten of the shaft rod, which are welded to the former.
  • the support rod for a heald frame shown in FIG. 1 has a shaft rod 1 forming a hollow body and a connecting part 2 adjoining its lower end and a heddle support rail 3 arranged on the latter.
  • the structure of the support rod thus corresponds to a conventional light metal profile rod.
  • the support rod according to the invention forms a welded construction from flat sheet metal sections of different material thickness, each forming a wall, the sheet metal sections extending over the entire length of the support bar.
  • the shaft rod 1 is composed of a U-shaped sheet metal section 4 forming the upper longitudinal narrow side and a sheet metal section 5 forming a longitudinal broad side on the front side, further a sheet metal section 6 forming a longitudinal broad side on the rear side, and a sheet metal sections 7 forming the lower longitudinal narrow side and 8 with a much greater material thickness. From this, the strip-shaped sheet metal section 8 simultaneously forms the upper longitudinal narrow side of the connecting part 2, which is also designed as a hollow body consisting of flat sheet metal sections, which is considerably narrower than the shaft rod 1.
  • the sheet metal sections 9 and 10 which form the broad sides and have a very small wall thickness, welded to the strip-shaped sheet metal section 8 and also welded to a strip-shaped body 11 at the lower end.
  • the sheet metal section 9 of very low material thickness is also also welded to the sheet metal section 7 forming the narrow side and at the lower edge of the connecting part to a strip-shaped sheet metal section 12 which, like the strip-shaped sheet metal section 11, has a substantially greater material thickness than the sheet metal sections 9 and 10 has.
  • All the sheet metal sections 4, 7, 8, 11 and 12 forming the longitudinal narrow sides which have a greater material thickness, provide the bending stiffness of the support rod and the possibility that the sheet metal sections 5, 6, 9 and 10 forming the broad sides are welded to the latter with a substantially smaller material thickness can be, this material thickness is also significantly less than the material thickness of the corresponding wall sections in a conventional light metal support rod. In comparison with the latter, the lower weight of the support rod according to the invention is also achieved in the end result.
  • the heddle support rail 3 is welded to the strip-shaped sheet metal section 12. This consists of a sheet metal section 13 and a strip-shaped sheet section 14 welded to its upper edge. Depending on the heald system, the heddle support rail can also have a different shape or dimension.
  • All sheet metal sections are joined by means of laser welding on the longitudinal broad sides.
  • Four weld connecting lines 15 are shown in dashed lines on the front side visible in the drawing. In a corresponding manner, the welding is also carried out on the back.
  • a corrosion-resistant sheet with a small wall thickness of approx. 0.25 mm is used for the sheet for the production of the support rod.
  • the material thickness of the sheet metal sections on the longitudinal narrow sides, which is several times greater, is approximately 1 mm to 1.5 mm, i.e. the multiple value of the thin sheet metal sections.
  • This construction allows the production of very long supporting bars with a high bending strength and with a weight that is less than an equally long supporting bar made of a conventional light metal profile.
  • a material 16 is introduced into the cavity of the shaft rod 1, which fills the cavity as a sound-absorbing foam material and with the function of a support and holding body for the sheet metal sections forming the broad sides prevents their bulging outwards and inwards. This material, which holds and supports the sheet metal sections on the broad sides, makes it possible to use sheet metal sections with an extremely small wall thickness.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 only in one detail at the connection point between the shaft rod 1 and the connecting part 2.
  • the sheet metal section 7 forming the longitudinal narrow side has a recess 16 in a lower longitudinal edge, into which the connecting part 2 is inserted with its upper longitudinal narrow side 8.
  • the parts of the support rod consisting of shaft rod 1 and connecting part 2 can be welded together even better from box-shaped structures previously produced separately.
  • FIG. 3 a further modified embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the longitudinal narrow side of the shaft rod 1 is formed here by a cross section Z-shaped profile 17, of which one leg forms the upper longitudinal narrow side of the hollow body-shaped connecting part 2, on which leg the sheet metal sections 9 and 10 are welded.
  • the profile 17 is also arranged such that the part of the profile 17 connecting the two legs runs obliquely upwards at an angle of approximately 6 °, so that screws (not shown in the drawing), for example, extend into the shaft rod 1 from below are more accessible for holding elements of central struts or the like.
  • the heddle support rail 3 prevents the actuation of such screws when they extend vertically upwards into the shaft rod.
  • the connecting part 2 can also be designed to taper downwards, so that in this embodiment the two sheet metal sections 9 and 10 are welded directly to one another at the bottom.
  • the lower longitudinal narrow side of the shaft rod 1 can be formed by a U-profile 18 in a further modification.
  • the connecting part 2 is welded to the two sheet metal sections 9 and 10.
  • the other leg of the U-profile creates a so-called retaining lug 19 on the front for attaching push-on guides, retaining elements or drive elements which are fastened by gripping the shaft rod, as is also known in the case of conventional supporting rods made of light metal profile.
  • a retaining lug 20 can also be formed on the lower edge of the connecting part 2 by appropriately dimensioning the lower strip-shaped longitudinal narrow side 11 of the connecting part.
  • FIG. 6 it is also possible to reduce the number of sheet metal sections forming the support rod by using a multi-angled, one-piece sheet metal section 21 for the front side of the support rod, which thus has the two longitudinal narrow sides of the shaft rod 1 and the broad side of the shaft rod as well the front broad side of the connecting part 2 comprises.
  • the reinforcement to achieve the bending stiffness is achieved by a U-profile 22 placed on top and welded.
  • the modified embodiment according to FIG. 6 can also be designed on the rear so that the shaft rod 1 and the connecting part 2 form a single piece over the entire height of the Have support rod extending flat sheet metal section 23 as a common longitudinal broadside. This back, which extends in one piece over the entire support rod, can also be realized in the previously described embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the deviation from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is that an inverted U-profile with the two legs pointing upwards is arranged on the upper longitudinal narrow side.
  • the longitudinal channel between these legs is filled with fiber composite material, in particular a material 24 containing carbon fibers, which is five times lighter than steel.
  • a very high bending stiffness is achieved with this material and a U-profile that is even smaller in wall thickness can be selected.
  • a longitudinal channel is formed between the connecting part 2 and the heddle support rail 3 by appropriate design of the profile strip 25 connecting these two parts, which is filled with fiber composite material 26.
  • recesses 27 are formed in the connecting part 2 at regular longitudinal intervals from one another in the support rod according to FIG. 8, which in addition to reducing the weight have the function of preventing dust from collecting between the heddle support rail and the connecting part.
  • These cutouts 27 can expediently be present in all the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • the recesses are also known in the case of the support rods made of light metal profile. With the configuration of the support rod from individual sheet metal sections described here, the cutouts 27 can be produced in different ways.
  • the cross sections through the support rod according to FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 show three different embodiments of the recess, which are made in different ways. According to FIG.
  • the rear sheet metal section 10 is deformed by deep drawing, so that it bears against the front sheet metal section 9 around the cutout edge. Then the two sheet metal sections are connected to one another by laser welding. The edge of the recess is then finished.
  • the recess 27 is produced in such a way that first the front and the rear sheet metal sections 9 and 10 are punched out and that the rear sheet metal section 10 is placed on a mandrel (not shown in the drawing) with a cross section corresponding to the size of the cutout and a cover 28 designed in the form of a tire is then placed on this mandrel.
  • the front sheet metal section 9 is then placed on the same mandrel and finally the two sheet metal sections 9 and 10 and the cover 28 are welded together.
  • the purpose of this measure is to prevent dust from getting stuck in the space between the front and rear sheet metal sections.
  • a further method consists in filling the space between the front sheet metal section 9 and the rear sheet metal section 10 with hard foam 29 in the case of a supporting rod according to FIG. 11.
  • a glass fiber-reinforced rigid foam in the form of a plate with a recess formed therein can be inserted between the two sheet metal sections at this point.
  • the connecting part 2 is produced from a one-piece strip-shaped sheet metal section which has a substantially greater material thickness than the sheet metal sections 5 and 6 of the longitudinal broad sides of the hollow body-shaped shaft rod 1.
  • This connecting part 2 is connected to the sheet metal section 7 forming the longitudinal narrow side of the shaft rod 1, the sheet metal section 6 forming the broad side of the shaft rod 6 on the connecting part 2 and this on the sheet metal section 7 using the laser weld seam what is possible with laser welding and the low material thickness is welded.
  • the connecting part 2 is connected to the stranded rail 3 which extends in parallel by means of a profile rod 12 inserted between the latter and the connecting part by means of welding.
  • the number of sheet metal parts to be welded is also reduced compared to the previously described embodiments.
  • a thin rubber-elastic intermediate layer 30 is further arranged between the longitudinal broad sides 5 and 6 of the shaft rod, which are made of sheet metal, and the sound-absorbing material 16 filling the cavity, which is adhesively bonded to the sheet metal as well as to the sound-absorbing material.
  • This intermediate layer which is only about 0.3 mm thick, prevents the core, which is preferably made of rigid foam, from tearing at its boundary layer with the sheet metal as a result of the very high stress caused by the rapid up and down movement of the supporting rod.
  • this intermediate layer also has a sound-absorbing effect.
  • This rubber-elastic intermediate layer 30 can of course be provided in all of the previously described embodiments according to FIGS. 1-11.
  • the support rod described above made of sheet metal sections joined together has further advantages compared to a support rod made of light metal profile.
  • threaded bushings can be welded in at the required point on the inside of the upper longitudinal narrow side, for example in order to fasten the drive board for the heald frame.
  • small threaded bushes at the previously precisely measured point are sufficient, which in turn contributes to a reduction in the overall weight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

La barre de support est constituée par une lamette (1) formée d'un corps creux et d'une partie de liaison (2) fermant son côté étroit, pour le maintien de la tringle porte-lisses (3) disposée à son extrémité. Ces parties constitutives de la barre de support sont formées de pièces en tôle plate en acier (4-14) fixées entre elles par soudure. Les côtés longitudinaux larges (5, 6, 9, 10) sont formés de pièces de tôle relativement mince et sont soudés aux côtés longitudinaux étroits (4, 7, 8, 11, 12) formés de pièces de tôle d'épaisseur notablement plus grande. L'utilisation du soudage par laser permet une technique de fabrication précise et une grande production. La barre de support ainsi obtenue est de faible poids et présente une grande résistance à la flexion. Ses caractéristiques concernant la résistance aux contraintes de flexion alternées sont nettement meilleures que celles de la barre de support fabriquée par un profilé en métal léger.

Claims (12)

1. Barre de support pour une lame comprenant une lamette (1) réalisée sous forme de corps creux rectangulaire et une tringle porte-lisses (3) reliée à celle-ci par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce de liaison (2) qui fait suite au côté longitudinal de lamette, s'étendant à une certaine distance parallèlement à la lamette, caractérisée en ce que la tringle porte-lisses (3) et la lamette (1) forment une construction constituée essentiellement par des tronçons de tôle plans (4-14, 21, 23, 25) formant une paroi, s'étendant parallèlement, qui s'étendent dans la direction longitudinale de la barre de support, dans laquelle les tronçons de tôle des côtés longitudinaux larges de la lamette et de la pièce de liaison (2) sont reliés par soudage sur un ou sur deux côtés opposés, respectivement, par un tronçon en tôle du côté longitudinal étroit de la lamette et de la pièce de liaison ou par une barre profilé respectivement.
2. Barre de support selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la pièce de liaison (2) entre la lamette (1) et la tringle porte-lisses (3) est réalisée sous forme de corps creux présentant, en section transversale, une largeur bien plus réduite que la largeur de lamette et est reliée par soudage à la lamette (1) directement ainsi qu'à la tringle porte-lisses (3) s'étendant parallèlement à la pièce de liaison par un troncon de tôle (12) placé entre cette dernière et la pièce de liaison (2) ou par une barre profilé (25), respectivement.
3. Barre de support selon la revendication 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que les tronçons de tôle (4, 7, 8, 17, 18; 11, 25) des côtés longitudinaux étroits de la lamette et de la pièce de liaison (2) ou les barres profilés présentent une épaisseur de matériaux plus grande d'un multiple que les tronçons de tôle (5, 6, 9, 10, 21, 23) des côtés larges s'étendant longitudinalement qui sont soudés sur ceux indiqués en premier.
4. Barre de support selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que tous les tronçons en tôle et barres profilés (4-14, 17, 18, 20-23, 25) sont reliés entre eux par soudage à laser.
5. Barre de support selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le côté longitudinal étroit de la lamette (1) orienté vers la pièce de liaison (2) est constitué par un tronçon en tôle coudé qui a la forme d'un rail profilé (17, 18) avec une section transversale en forme de U ou de Z dont la branche coudée constitue un côté longitudinal étroit de la pièce de liaison (2).
6. Barre de support selon la revendication 2 et 3, caractérisée en ce qu'on réalise dans un côté longitudinal étroit (4) de la lamette (1) et/ou dans la barre profilé (25) soudée entre la pièce de liaison (2) et la tringle porte-lisses (3) une cannelure ou gorge creuse respectivement qui est remplie d'un matériau composite renforcé par des fibres (24, 26) destiné à rendre plus rigide la barre de support.
7. Barre de support selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la pièce de liaison (2) présente suivant des écarts longitudinaux réguliers des évidements (27) réduisant le poids, le long du bord périphérique desquels la pièce de liaison (2) réalisée en forme de corps creux est fermée pour empêcher l'entrée de la poussière au moyen d'un recouvrement (28) soudé ou collé entre les tronçons en tôle formant parois ou au moyen d'un soudage d'un tronçon en tôle (9) sur l'autre troncon en tôle (10) courbé vers l'intérieur par emboutissage.
8. Barre de support selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la pièce de liaison (2) et la lamette (1) présentent un tronçon en tôle plan (23) s'étendant en une pièce sur toute la hauteur de la barre de support en tant que côté large commun s'étendant longitudinalement.
9. Barre de support selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les côtés larges s'étendant longitudinalement (5, 6, 21, 23) de la lamette (1) sont maintenus à un certain écart, parallèles les uns aux autres, par le matériau insonorisant (16) remplissant tout l'espace creux de celle-ci, constitué de préférence en mousse dure et ayant la fonction d'un corps d'appui et de maintien.
10. Barre de support selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les tronçons en tôle (4, 7) du côté longitudinal étroit de la lamette (1) ont une épaisseur de matériau plus grande d'un multiple que les tronçons en tôle (5, 6) de ses côtés larges s'étendant longitudinalement, et en ce que la pièce de liaison (2) est constituée d'un tronçon en tôle en une pièce en forme de bande qui a une épaisseur de matériau plus grande d'un multiple que les tronçons en tôle (5, 6) des côtés larges s'étendant longitudinalement de la lamette en forme de corps creux (1), au côté longitudinal étroit (7) est reliée par soudage la pièce de liaison (2) qui est reliée par soudage à la tringle porte-lisses s'étendant parallèlement (3) par un tronçon en tôle (12) placé entre cette dernière et la pièce de liaison.
11. Barre de support selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la pièce de liaison (2) constituée d'un troncon en tôle en forme de bande présente des évidements (27) réduisant le poids réalisé suivant des écarts longitudinaux réguliers les uns des autres.
12. Barre de support selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'on dispose entre les côtés larges s'étendant longitudinalement (5, 6, 21, 23) de la lamette (1) et le matériau insonorisant (16) remplissant l'espace creux de celle-ci une couche intermédiaire en gomme élastique (30) reliée à cette dernière et aux côtés larges cités.
EP88900538A 1987-01-28 1988-01-11 Barre de support pour une lame Expired - Lifetime EP0299005B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3702524 1987-01-28
DE19873702524 DE3702524A1 (de) 1987-01-28 1987-01-28 Tragstab fuer einen webschaft

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0299005A1 EP0299005A1 (fr) 1989-01-18
EP0299005B1 true EP0299005B1 (fr) 1993-02-03

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ID=6319721

Family Applications (1)

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EP88900538A Expired - Lifetime EP0299005B1 (fr) 1987-01-28 1988-01-11 Barre de support pour une lame

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4901767A (fr)
EP (1) EP0299005B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2593707B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR910008041B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1017912B (fr)
DE (2) DE3702524A1 (fr)
SU (1) SU1701116A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988005837A1 (fr)

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EP0504102A1 (fr) * 1991-03-14 1992-09-16 Gebrüder Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Traverse pour lame et lame pour un métier à tisser
EP0504101A1 (fr) * 1991-03-14 1992-09-16 Gebrüder Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Traverse pour lame et lame pour un métier à tisser
JP3162255B2 (ja) * 1994-02-24 2001-04-25 三菱電機株式会社 レーザ加工方法及びその装置
DE29604326U1 (de) * 1996-01-13 1996-06-05 Schmeing GmbH & Co., 46325 Borken Webschaft mit Litzentragschiene für Webmaschinen
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DE10319959B4 (de) * 2003-05-02 2007-02-01 Groz-Beckert Kg Webschaft für eine Webmaschine
DE10325908B4 (de) * 2003-06-05 2005-07-21 Groz-Beckert Kg Schaftstab, Webschaft und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schaftstabs
DE10326123B4 (de) * 2003-06-06 2007-01-04 Groz-Beckert Kg Schaftstab, Herstellungsverfahren für diesen und Webschaft
FR2857987B1 (fr) * 2003-07-21 2005-10-07 Staubli Sa Ets Cadre de lisses et metier a tisser equipe d'au moins un tel cadre
DE10349382B3 (de) * 2003-10-21 2005-06-09 Groz-Beckert Kg Webschaft in Verbundbauweise
DE102004055381B3 (de) 2004-11-17 2006-04-06 Groz-Beckert Kg Schafstab für Webschäfte
DE102004059319A1 (de) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 Picanol N.V. Webschaft
DE102005044474B3 (de) * 2005-09-16 2007-01-04 Groz-Beckert Kg Schaftstab und Webschaft
EP1975293B1 (fr) * 2007-03-26 2012-01-25 Groz-Beckert KG Cadre à lisse en tôle

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1017912B (zh) 1992-08-19
WO1988005837A1 (fr) 1988-08-11
JPH01502682A (ja) 1989-09-14
JP2593707B2 (ja) 1997-03-26
DE3702524C2 (fr) 1989-06-08
SU1701116A3 (ru) 1991-12-23
KR910008041B1 (ko) 1991-10-07
DE3702524A1 (de) 1988-08-11
KR890700701A (ko) 1989-04-26
DE3878059D1 (de) 1993-03-18
CN88100331A (zh) 1988-08-31
US4901767A (en) 1990-02-20
EP0299005A1 (fr) 1989-01-18

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