Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
  • C04B20/02—Treatment
  • C04B20/04—Heat treatment
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
  • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

Definitions

• a shaft kiln installation is used to burn pellets of solid materials containing volatile and / or solid fuels, and at the same time to calcinate minerals.
• the installation uses in the heating, degassing (1.04) and combustion zones (1.06) a co-crrent flow of combustion gas.
• the installation has at least one first upper section (1.04; 1.06) for carrying out the above-mentioned process steps.
• a third counter-cur- rent cooling section (1, 10) for the combustion material and a second, mid-dle section (1,08) that acts as a neutral zone may be added.
• the heat content of the combustion gas and cooling air may be used for heating the combustion air.
• the shaft furnace system allows the burning of solid, volatile and / or solid fuels, as well as the simultaneous calcination of minerals.
• the warm-up, degassing (1.04) and combustion (1.06) zones are operated in cocurrent with the combustion gas.
• the system has at least a first, upper section (1.04; 1.06) for the process stages mentioned; if necessary, a third section (1,10) is added for cooling the material to be combusted in countercurrent and a second, middle section (1,08) for the neutral zone.
• the heat content of combustion gas and cooling air can be used to heat the combustion air.
• This invention relates to a shaft system, specifically a shaft furnace for the recovery of fuel-containing, solid solid by burning it with air or oxygen-containing gas, and / or for the thermal treatment of mineral raw materials by burning fuel containing volatile components Feeding and removal devices.
• the invention also relates to a method for recycling fuel-containing solid material in such a shaft system.
• the goods to be treated are transported through the kiln on trolleys and heated in countercurrent. Because such raw material always in its composition and its grain size distribution is very heterogeneous, the optimal exposure temperature for the individual pieces of raw material is different. Depending on the material composition, this leads to weak or overburning of individual components, which in turn can lead to caking of the material. This is not a problem with the tunnel kiln, since the material is at rest and therefore any caking after the kiln can be broken again. As a result, however, considerable additional expenditure is necessary.
• the main disadvantage of the tunnel kiln is that there is no flow through the material itself. As a result, the time for the degassing or gasification of the fuel incorporated in the material is very long, and the investment costs are accordingly high.
• the system according to the above-mentioned DE laid-open specification is used to extract building materials or surcharges from hard coal processing exits. For this purpose, they are separated according to grit classes, dried and heated in a first process step, heated and reacted in a second process step and kept at a certain temperature in a third process step.
• the system comprises chambers arranged concentrically to one another, a drying and preheating chamber being surrounded by a heating and reaction chamber. Under the heating and reaction chamber is a dwell chamber from which the material to be treated arrives in an outlet space of a shaft, which also encloses the dwell chamber. The gases released during the heating and reaction of the material to be treated are fed to a combustion chamber which is arranged in a conical free space enclosed by the shaft.
• DE-A1 3 509 275 describes and claims a process for the thermal treatment of coal processing outlets in at least two separate treatment stages, the outlets being dried in a first stage and heated in a further stage and then cooled in a cooling stage.
• the washing piles are dried with counter-current and continuously heated by air heated indirectly in the cooling stage or by other heated carrier gases and preheated to a solid temperature of up to 200 ° C and directly and / or indirectly to one end in the stages following the drying stage - temperature of 750 to 950oC heated.
• the heating gases consist of partially circulating degassing gases and combustion gases.
• EP-A1 0 059 542 relates to a shaft combustion plant for calcining minerals and / or for burning solid fuels, possibly waste materials.
• the combustion air is always cooling air directly from the lower part of the furnace, which air is introduced into the furnace under pressure and in complex distribution systems.
• this invention relates to a single shaft furnace through which both solid material such as air or gas are continuously passed, specifically in the heating, degassing and combustion zones essential for the treatment or recycling of the material, in direct current and, if appropriate, only in the Counter-current cooling zone.
• the neutral zone provided between them serves, among other things, for the thermal treatment of the goods.
• thermodynamic equilibria an optimal coordination of the kinetics of the reactions taking place in the shaft furnace with the corresponding thermodynamic equilibria is achieved:
• the energy balance of the system is nevertheless not unfavorable due to the heat recovery in the cooling zone. Above all, however, it is achieved that all volatile, flammable components are safely fed into the combustion zone and burned there with low pollutants.
• the shaft system according to the invention allows only the heat content of combustion and cooling air in the feed air to be used. This is the important prerequisite for a combined driving style for calcining and burning waste materials. Likewise, a slight negative pressure can be applied when entering the shaft furnace both in the solids feed area and when adding air, which considerably simplifies the construction of the system. For the reasons mentioned, the air distribution on entry does not pose any significant problems.
• the shaft system according to the invention is also suitable for the recycling of naturally occurring or prepared or prepared waste materials of all kinds.
• a group of such solid fuels from processed waste materials is described; the fuels in the form of briquettes have a fuel component, a neutralization component and a waste material component.
• the latter can be a liquid.
• Preferred fuel compositions are those which have a total of at most 40% by weight of liquid and have an upper calorific value of at least 450 kJ / kg. These fuel briquettes are molded under pressure and burned at temperatures above 1150oC.
• the shaft system according to the invention for utilizing piece-like solid material containing fuel by burning it with air or oxygen-containing gas, and / or for thermal treatment of mineral raw materials by burning piece-like fuel containing volatile components, with feeding and removal devices is characterized by a first upper shaft section for preheating, degassing and combustion zones with the combustion air supply in terms of flow upstream of the preheating zone and the exhaust gas outlet after the combustion zone, so that in this section the solid material and the gas are guided in cocurrent by either a hot discharge with a separate unit Subsequent cooling of the goods or through a third lower shaft section for the cooling zone with the cooling air supply after and the cooling air outlet before the cooling zone, so that in this section the solid material and the gas are guided in counterflow and a second, middle Schac Section for a neutral zone with the exhaust gas outlet before and the cooling air outlet after the neutral zone.
• the shaft system mentioned may have devices for the indirect utilization of the heated cooling air; Devices for extracting the exhaust gases at the end of the combustion zone and for supplying these combustion gases into a heat exchange system and / or into an exhaust gas cleaning system can also be provided.
• temperature and pressure measuring devices are advantageously arranged in the exhaust and cooling air vents.
• baffles can be provided in the shaft system described above; They serve the Heat conduction from the combustion zone to the warm-up zone.
• the method according to the invention is used for the recovery of fuel-containing, solid solid by burning it with air or oxygen-containing gas in a shaft system and is characterized by process steps in the following sequence:
• the mine system is used, among other things. for recycling coal processing waste.
• further specific uses in the sense of the method according to the invention are also conceivable.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 serve this purpose. This description also deals with the method according to the invention.
• the system shown is the shaft furnace that has all three sections.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 represent the system according to the invention purely schematically:
• FIG. 2 represents a preferred embodiment of the whole

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1987
  • 1987-10-05 WO PCT/CH1987/000135 patent/WO1988002465A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1987-10-05 JP JP62505721A patent/JPH01501244A/ja active Pending
  • 1987-10-05 US US07/218,125 patent/US4886448A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1987-10-05 EP EP87906152A patent/EP0285623A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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