EP0281586B1 - Decorative laminated sheet and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Decorative laminated sheet and process for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281586B1
EP0281586B1 EP87905615A EP87905615A EP0281586B1 EP 0281586 B1 EP0281586 B1 EP 0281586B1 EP 87905615 A EP87905615 A EP 87905615A EP 87905615 A EP87905615 A EP 87905615A EP 0281586 B1 EP0281586 B1 EP 0281586B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
decorative
paper web
decorative paper
resin
producing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87905615A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0281586A1 (en
Inventor
Herbert Holzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Resopal GmbH
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Resopal GmbH
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Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6309019&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0281586(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Resopal GmbH filed Critical Resopal GmbH
Priority to AT87905615T priority Critical patent/ATE65216T1/en
Publication of EP0281586A1 publication Critical patent/EP0281586A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0281586B1 publication Critical patent/EP0281586B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/0469—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers comprising a decorative sheet and a core formed by one or more resin impregnated sheets of paper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for producing a decorative laminate with a core of a plurality of resin-coated, stacked paper webs and a decorative paper web arranged thereon soaked with a melamine-formaldehyde resin, an acrylic resin dispersion from the liquid phase being formed on the surface of the decorative paper web to form a weather-resistant protective layer applied and then dried and the decorative paper web is then pressed with the core.
  • Decorative laminated panels are particularly preferred for the manufacture of furniture and the interior of buildings.
  • a core of resin-impregnated kraft papers is formed, which are placed on top of one another in a stack.
  • At least one colored or printed paper web impregnated with a synthetic resin is placed on top of this stack. The stack thus formed is then pressed at a predeterminable temperature and a corresponding pressure.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to design a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that no problems arise in the disposal of solvents.
  • This object is achieved in that the decorative paper web to a moisture content of 7-8% is dried and that the acrylic resin dispersion subsequently applied is a self-crosslinking, aqueous dispersion.
  • This special acrylic resin forms a transparent, weatherproof layer made from an environmentally friendly aqueous dispersion.
  • a decorative laminated sheet 1 is essentially formed by a core 2, a decorative paper web 3 and a weather-resistant protective layer 4.
  • the core 2 consists of several, preferably five to nine, stacked kraft paper webs 2P which are impregnated with a phenolic resin.
  • the decorative paper web 3 is placed on this core 2 to form a decorative surface. This is also with a resin, preferably one The decorative paper web 3 is placed on this core 2 to form a decorative surface. This is also impregnated with a resin, preferably a melamine formaldehyde resin. In addition, this decorative paper web 3 is colored or printed.
  • the weather-resistant protective layer 4 is arranged on the surface of this decorative paper web 3.
  • the decorative paper web 3 is first impregnated with a melamine formaldehyde resin.
  • the decorative paper web is impregnated with a resin solution which contains about 80 to 85% by weight of melamine formaldehyde resin based on the weight per unit area of the tube paper.
  • the decorative paper web 3 is then dried, to the extent that it only has a moisture content of 7 to 8%.
  • the decorative paper web is then covered with the weather-resistant protective layer 4.
  • the protective layer 4 is preferably applied only to the surface of the decorative paper web 3 which later forms the surface of the decorative laminate. If the decorative laminated sheet 1 is intended for outdoor areas that are exposed to extreme weather conditions, such as full-time sunshine or a strong temperature change not only during the year but also during the day, the decorative paper web 3 can also be provided with the protective layer 4 on its downward-facing surface be coated (not shown here). In general, a symmetrical structure of the panels is recommended, since this prevents warping problems. In this case, one on both surfaces of the core 2 To form the protective layer 4, a resin solution is applied at least to the surface of each decorative paper web 3. An aqueous self-crosslinking acrylic resin dispersion is used for this.
  • the decorative paper 3 impregnated with the melamine formaldehyde resin is dried to such an extent that it still has a moisture content of between 7 and 8%.
  • the aqueous self-crosslinking acrylic resin dispersion is then applied to its surface, so much so that the amount of resin is later 40 to 80 grams per square meter.
  • the amount of resin in the dispersion is about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the dispersion.
  • the decorative paper web 3 is then dried, placed on the paper stack which forms the core 2 of the decorative laminate, and pressed with the core papers.

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A process for producing a decorative laminated sheet, used preferably for producing a furniture or wall lining. A disadvantage of such decorative laminated sheets is that they are not suitable for open-air applications because their surfaces lack resistance to weather conditions. The purpose of the invention is to provide a weather-resistant decorative laminated sheet. A fluid weather-resistant protective layer (4) of resin is applied to the surface of the decorative paper web (3) forming the decorative surface of the sheet. The resin chosen can be cross-linked by adding an additive or under the influence of air and light, thus forming a durable and cohesive protective layer (4).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer dekorativen Schichtpreßstoffplatte mit einem Kern aus mehreren beharzten, zu einem Stapel aufeinandergesetzten Papierbahnen und einer darauf angeordneten, mit einem Melaminformaldehydharz getränkten Dekorpapierbahn, wobei auf die Oberfläche der Dekorpapierbahn zur Bildung einer witterungsbeständigen Schutzschicht eine Acrylharzdispersion aus der flüssigen Phase aufgetragen und anschließend getrocknet und die Dekorpapierbahn daraufhin mit dem Kern verpreßt wird.The invention relates to a process for producing a decorative laminate with a core of a plurality of resin-coated, stacked paper webs and a decorative paper web arranged thereon soaked with a melamine-formaldehyde resin, an acrylic resin dispersion from the liquid phase being formed on the surface of the decorative paper web to form a weather-resistant protective layer applied and then dried and the decorative paper web is then pressed with the core.

Dekorative Schichtpreßstoffplatten finden vor allem bei der Herstellung von Möbeln und dem Innenausbau von Gebäuden eine bevorzugte Anwendung. Zur Ausbildung dieser dekorativen Schichtpreßstoffplatten wird ein Kern aus harzgetränkten Kraftpapieren gebildet, die zu einem Stapel aufeinandergelegt werden. Zur Bildung einer dekorativen Oberfläche wird wenigstens eine eingefärbte oder bedruckte und mit einem Kunstharz getränkte Papierbahn zuoberst auf diesen Stapel aufgelegt. Anschließend wird der so gebildete Stapel bei einer vorgebbaren Temperatur und einem entsprechenden Druck verpreßt.Decorative laminated panels are particularly preferred for the manufacture of furniture and the interior of buildings. To form these decorative laminated sheets, a core of resin-impregnated kraft papers is formed, which are placed on top of one another in a stack. To form a decorative surface, at least one colored or printed paper web impregnated with a synthetic resin is placed on top of this stack. The stack thus formed is then pressed at a predeterminable temperature and a corresponding pressure.

Versuche, diese dekorativen Schichtpreßstoffplatten auch im Außenbereich einzusetzen, sind bisher daran gescheitert, daß diese nicht völlig zufriedenstellend witterungsbeständig hergestellt werden konnten. Durch die Einwirkung von Sonnenlicht, Feuchtigkeit und die in unseren Breiten starken Temperaturwechsel kommt es im Laufe der Zeit zu einer Zerstörung der Harzschicht, mit welcher die Dekorpapierbahn getränkt und beschichtet ist.Attempts have so far been made to use these decorative laminate sheets outdoors failed that these could not be produced completely satisfactorily weatherproof. The action of sunlight, moisture and the strong temperature changes in our latitudes will destroy the resin layer with which the decorative paper web is impregnated and coated over time.

Versuche, die Dekorpapierbahn durch eine transparente witterungsbeständige Folie aus Acryl- oder Methacrylsäureester bzw. einem modifizierten Polyphenylchlorid zu schützen, erwiesen sich als nicht so vorteilhaft, da diese Folien sehr dünn und spröde sind. Hierdurch entstehen beim Auflegen dieser Folien auf die Dekorpapierbahn bzw. auf ihre Harzschicht Schwierigkeiten, die zu einem aufwendigen Herstellungsprozeß führen. Dabei ist es nicht auszuschließen, daß es zu Rissen und Brüchen in diesen Folien kommt, so daß ein großer Produktionsausschuß das Ergebnis dieses Verfahrens ist.Attempts to protect the decorative paper web by a transparent weather-resistant film made of acrylic or methacrylic acid ester or a modified polyphenyl chloride have not proven to be so advantageous since these films are very thin and brittle. This creates difficulties when placing these foils on the decorative paper web or on their resin layer, which lead to a complex manufacturing process. It cannot be ruled out that cracks and breaks occur in these films, so that a large production committee is the result of this process.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung (DE-A-3 418 282) wird zur Bildung einer witterungsbeständigen Schutzschicht auf die Oberfläche der Dekorpapierbahn eine lösungsmittelhaltige, fotopolymerisierbare Acrylharzdispersion aufgebracht. Die Entsorgung dieser organischen Lösungsmittel erfordert einen erheblichen technischen Aufwand und kann zu Umweltbeeinträchtigungen führen.In a known method of the type mentioned at the beginning (DE-A-3 418 282), a solvent-containing, photopolymerizable acrylic resin dispersion is applied to the surface of the decorative paper web to form a weather-resistant protective layer. The disposal of these organic solvents requires considerable technical effort and can lead to environmental damage.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung so auszubilden, daß keine Probleme bei der Entsorgung von Lösungsmitteln auftreten.The object of the invention is therefore to design a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that no problems arise in the disposal of solvents.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Dekorpapierbahn auf einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 7-8% getrocknet wird und daß die anschließend aufgebrachte Acrylharzdispersion eine selbstvernetzende, wäßrige Dispersion ist.This object is achieved in that the decorative paper web to a moisture content of 7-8% is dried and that the acrylic resin dispersion subsequently applied is a self-crosslinking, aqueous dispersion.

Dieses besondere Acrylharz bildet eine transparente witterungsbeständige Schicht aus einer umweltfreundlichen wäßrigen Dispersion.This special acrylic resin forms a transparent, weatherproof layer made from an environmentally friendly aqueous dispersion.

Bisher war es nicht möglich, aus einer an sich bekannten wäßrigen und deshalb umweltfreundlichen Phase einen völlig klaren, grauschleierfreien Acrylatfilm auf eine melaminharzimprägnierte Dekorpapierbahn zu applizieren. Deshalb konnten insbesondere dunkel gefärbte Dekore nicht beschichtet werden.So far it has not been possible to apply a completely clear, gray-haze-free acrylate film to a melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper web from a known aqueous and therefore environmentally friendly phase. That is why dark-colored decors in particular could not be coated.

Erst mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gelang es, eine Reemulgierung des Melaminharzes zu verhindern, wodurch die optische Beeinträchtigung der Schichtstoffplatten verursacht wurde.Only with the method according to the invention was it possible to prevent re-emulsification of the melamine resin, which caused the optical impairment of the laminate panels.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfoglend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawing.

Eine dekorative Schichtpreßstoffplatte 1 wird im wesentlichen durch einen Kern 2, eine Dekorpapierbahn 3 sowie eine witterungsbeständige Schutzschicht 4 gebildet. Der Kern 2 besteht aus mehreren, vorzugsweise fünf bis neun übereinandergestapelten Kraftpapierbahnen 2P, die mit einem Phenolharz getränkt sind.A decorative laminated sheet 1 is essentially formed by a core 2, a decorative paper web 3 and a weather-resistant protective layer 4. The core 2 consists of several, preferably five to nine, stacked kraft paper webs 2P which are impregnated with a phenolic resin.

Auf diesen Kern 2 ist zur Ausbildung einer dekorativen Oberfläche die Dekorpapierbahn 3 aufgelegt. Diese ist ebenfalls mit einem Harz, vorzugsweise einem Auf diesen Kern 2 ist zur Ausbildung einer dekorativen Oberfläche die Dekorpapierbahn 3 aufgelegt. Diese ist ebenfalls mit einem Harz, vorzugsweise einem Melaminformaldehydharz getränkt. Zusätzlich ist diese Dekorpapierbahn 3 eingefärbt oder bedruckt. Auf der Oberfläche dieser Dekorpapierbahn 3 ist die witterungsbeständige Schutzschicht 4 angeordnet.The decorative paper web 3 is placed on this core 2 to form a decorative surface. This is also with a resin, preferably one The decorative paper web 3 is placed on this core 2 to form a decorative surface. This is also impregnated with a resin, preferably a melamine formaldehyde resin. In addition, this decorative paper web 3 is colored or printed. The weather-resistant protective layer 4 is arranged on the surface of this decorative paper web 3.

Zur Ausbildung dieser witterungsbeständigen Schutzschicht wird die Dekorpapierbahn 3 zunächst mit einem Melaminformaldehydharz getränkt. Hierfür wird die Dekorpapierbahn mit einer Harzlösung imprägniert, die etwa 80 bis 85 Gewichts-% Melaminformaldehydharz bezogen auf das Flächengewicht des Rohrpapiers enthält. Anschließend wird die Dekorpapierbahn 3 getrocknet, und zwar soweit, daß sie nur noch einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 7 bis 8% aufweist. Anschließend wird die Dekorpapierbahn mit der witterungsbeständigen Schutzschicht 4 überzogen.To form this weather-resistant protective layer, the decorative paper web 3 is first impregnated with a melamine formaldehyde resin. For this purpose, the decorative paper web is impregnated with a resin solution which contains about 80 to 85% by weight of melamine formaldehyde resin based on the weight per unit area of the tube paper. The decorative paper web 3 is then dried, to the extent that it only has a moisture content of 7 to 8%. The decorative paper web is then covered with the weather-resistant protective layer 4.

Vorzugsweise wird die Schutzschicht 4 nur auf die Fläche der Dekorpapierbahn 3 aufgetragen, die später die Oberfläche der dekorativen Schichtpreßstoffplatte bildet. Ist die dekorative Schichtpreßstoffplatte 1 für Außenbereiche vorgesehen, die extremen Witterungseinflüssen ausgesetzt sind, wie z.B. einer ganztätigen Sonneneinstrahlung oder einem starken Temperaturwechsel nicht nur während des Jahres sondern auch am Tag, so kann die Dekorpapierbahn 3 auch auf ihrer nach unten weisenden Fläche mit der Schutzschicht 4 beschichtet werden (hier nicht dargestellt). Generell empfiehlt sich ein symmetrischer Aufbau der Platten, da dadurch Verzugsprobleme vermieden werden. In diesem Fall wird auf beide Oberflächen des Kerns 2 eine Zur Ausbildung der Schutzschicht 4 wird wenigstens auf die Oberfläche jeder Dekorpapierbahn 3 eine Harzlösung aufgetragen. Hierfür wird eine wäßrige selbstvernetzende Acrylharzdispersion verwendet. Das mit dem Melmainformaldehydharz getränkte Dekorpapier 3 wird soweit getrocknet, daß es noch eine Feuchtigkeit zwischen 7 und 8% aufweist. Anschließend wird die wäßrige selbstvernetzende Acrylharzdispersion auf seine Oberfläche aufgetragen, und zwar soviel, daß die Menge des Harzes später 40 bis 80 Gramm pro Quadratmeter beträgt. Die Harzmenge in der Dispersion beträgt etwa 50 Gewichts-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Dispersion. Anschließend wird die Dekorpapierbahn 3 getrocknet, auf den Papierstapel, der den Kern 2 der dekorativen Schichtpreßstoffplatte bildet, aufgelegt und mit den Kernpapieren verpreßt.The protective layer 4 is preferably applied only to the surface of the decorative paper web 3 which later forms the surface of the decorative laminate. If the decorative laminated sheet 1 is intended for outdoor areas that are exposed to extreme weather conditions, such as full-time sunshine or a strong temperature change not only during the year but also during the day, the decorative paper web 3 can also be provided with the protective layer 4 on its downward-facing surface be coated (not shown here). In general, a symmetrical structure of the panels is recommended, since this prevents warping problems. In this case, one on both surfaces of the core 2 To form the protective layer 4, a resin solution is applied at least to the surface of each decorative paper web 3. An aqueous self-crosslinking acrylic resin dispersion is used for this. The decorative paper 3 impregnated with the melamine formaldehyde resin is dried to such an extent that it still has a moisture content of between 7 and 8%. The aqueous self-crosslinking acrylic resin dispersion is then applied to its surface, so much so that the amount of resin is later 40 to 80 grams per square meter. The amount of resin in the dispersion is about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the dispersion. The decorative paper web 3 is then dried, placed on the paper stack which forms the core 2 of the decorative laminate, and pressed with the core papers.

Claims (1)

1. Method for producing a decorative laminated sheet (1) with a core (2) comprising several resin-smeared paper webs (2P) placed on top of each other in a stack and a decorative paper web (3) impregnated with a melamine formaldehyde resin arranged on top of this, an acrylic resin dispersion from the liquid phase being applied to the surface of the decorative paper web (3) to form a weather-proof protective layer (4), and then dried and the decorative paper web (3) thereafter being pressed with the core (2), characterised in that the decorative paper web (3) is dried to a moisture content of 7-8% and that the subsequently applied acrylic resin dispersion is a self-crosslinking, aqueous dispersion.
EP87905615A 1986-09-05 1987-09-03 Decorative laminated sheet and process for producing the same Expired - Lifetime EP0281586B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87905615T ATE65216T1 (en) 1986-09-05 1987-09-03 DECORATIVE PRESSED PLATE AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3630315 1986-09-05
DE19863630315 DE3630315A1 (en) 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 DECORATIVE LAYERING COMPACT PLATE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0281586A1 EP0281586A1 (en) 1988-09-14
EP0281586B1 true EP0281586B1 (en) 1991-07-17

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ID=6309019

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87905615A Expired - Lifetime EP0281586B1 (en) 1986-09-05 1987-09-03 Decorative laminated sheet and process for producing the same

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0281586B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3630315A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988001575A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1910464B2 (en) † 2005-07-08 2017-08-23 Arkema France Multi-layer composition

Families Citing this family (23)

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DE3817479A1 (en) * 1988-05-21 1989-11-30 Renolit Werke Gmbh MULTILAYER SURFACE FOIL
DE3840877A1 (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-06-07 Roemmler H Resopal Werk Gmbh DECORATIVE COMPOSITE SHEET AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TOP LAYER THEREFOR
DE3916099A1 (en) * 1989-05-17 1990-11-29 Roemmler H Resopal Werk Gmbh METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DECORATIVE LAYERED COMPRESSION PLATES
DE4210528A1 (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-07 Werzalit Ag & Co Prodn. of surface protective coating on profile body - involves application of pigmented or non-pigmented paint coating, with bearer foil soaked with duroplastic soaked resin provided with paint coating
DE4220507A1 (en) * 1992-06-23 1994-01-05 Roemmler H Resopal Werk Gmbh Decorative high pressure laminate
DE4407620A1 (en) * 1993-11-13 1995-05-18 Roemmler H Resopal Werk Gmbh Laminated sheet
IT1266176B1 (en) * 1994-07-19 1996-12-23 Foggini Progetti PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING MATERIAL FOR ORNAMENTAL PANELING ELEMENTS, PARTICULARLY FOR CARS, AND
AT402040B (en) * 1994-10-07 1997-01-27 Isovolta PLASTIC-PAPER COMPOSITE IN FILM SHAPE AND THE USE THEREOF FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WEATHER-RESISTANT COMPOSITE SHEETS WITH SURFACE PROTECTION
SE9503972L (en) * 1995-11-10 1996-11-25 Perstorp Ab coating method
AT407250B (en) * 1996-12-23 2001-01-25 Constantia Iso Holding Ag SINGLE LAYER MULTI-ZONE URETHANIZATION COATING METHOD
AUPQ603900A0 (en) * 2000-03-03 2000-03-30 Wesfi Manufacturing Pty Ltd Impact resistant substrate particleboard and composite material using same
SE520381C2 (en) 2001-03-14 2003-07-01 Pergo Ab Procedure for making decorative panels
DE10163344B4 (en) * 2001-12-21 2006-01-19 Papierfabrik Schoeller & Hoesch Gmbh & Co. Kg Light resistant overlay paper, process for its manufacture and use
DE10250989A1 (en) * 2002-10-28 2004-05-13 Sai Automotive Sal Gmbh Flat laminate and process for its production
DE10256532A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-24 Schott Glas Coating process for coating kitchen worktops comprises placing a flat section having a motif, pattern and/or colored structure and a transparent durometric film on a support material, and pressing together under the action of heat
NL1023421C2 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-18 Trespa Int Bv Decorative panel and method for manufacturing it.
NL1023515C2 (en) * 2003-05-23 2004-11-24 Trespa Int Bv Decorative panel for outdoor use and method of manufacturing it.
DE102005021156A1 (en) 2005-05-09 2006-11-16 Kaindl Flooring Gmbh Multilayer board
GB0719702D0 (en) * 2007-10-09 2007-11-21 Dynea Austria Gmbh Laminate having improved weatherability
NL1036705C2 (en) 2009-03-13 2010-09-14 Trespa Int Bv METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A DECOR PAPER IMPREGNATED WITH A RESIN AND A DECOR PANEL
NL2007494C2 (en) 2011-09-28 2013-04-02 Trespa Int Bv METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A DECORATIVE FILM AND A DECOR PANEL
NL2011719C2 (en) 2013-11-01 2015-05-04 Trespa Int Bv A decorative panel.
NL2014060B1 (en) 2014-12-24 2016-09-30 Trespa Int Bv A method for producing a printed decorative paper.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3418282A1 (en) * 1984-05-17 1985-11-21 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt DECORATIVE PLATE WITH IMPROVED SURFACE PROPERTIES

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1910464B2 (en) † 2005-07-08 2017-08-23 Arkema France Multi-layer composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3630315A1 (en) 1988-03-10
DE3771487D1 (en) 1991-08-22
EP0281586A1 (en) 1988-09-14
WO1988001575A1 (en) 1988-03-10

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