EP0281041B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour laver et/ou rincer des matières textiles - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour laver et/ou rincer des matières textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281041B1
EP0281041B1 EP88102944A EP88102944A EP0281041B1 EP 0281041 B1 EP0281041 B1 EP 0281041B1 EP 88102944 A EP88102944 A EP 88102944A EP 88102944 A EP88102944 A EP 88102944A EP 0281041 B1 EP0281041 B1 EP 0281041B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
textile
washing
cavity resonator
rinsing
microwaves
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88102944A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0281041A1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Dr. Meffert
Milan-Johann Dr. Schwuger
Andreas Dr. Syldatk
Johann Friedrich Dr. Fues
Michael Dr. Bergmann
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Priority to AT88102944T priority Critical patent/ATE80422T1/de
Publication of EP0281041A1 publication Critical patent/EP0281041A1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F35/00—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F35/00—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
    • D06F35/005—Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying
    • D06F35/006—Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying for washing or rinsing only
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/04—Heating arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method for washing and rinsing textile materials with aqueous liquids, if desired containing ingredients of detergents and / or cleaning agents, using elevated temperatures due to the action of high-frequency vibrations in the microwave range (microwaves) on the wet textile material, whereby wet textile material, whose total water content is in the range of the natural retention capacity of the textile material for the aqueous phase, which is exposed to microwaves.
  • microwaves microwave range
  • the invention is directed to a device for washing and rinsing fibers, skins, textile materials or the like for carrying out the method, which has a cavity resonator into which microwaves generated by an energy conductor can be introduced by means of a microwave transmitter or generator, and one in the cavity resonator arranged device for receiving and moving the goods brought in for washing and rinsing, such as at least one inlet for introducing aqueous liquid into the cavity and at least one outlet for removing liquid from the cavity, the aqueous liquid being pumped out of the cavity interior is pumpable.
  • the cleaning of soiled textile goods by treatment with liquors containing aqueous detergents can be conceptually divided into the stages of washing and rinsing. Both washing and rinsing are carried out in one or more stages according to current practice.
  • the devices commonly used in households and businesses today allow a wide range of adaptations to the optimal washing conditions. Aimed at are - among other things - while maintaining the quality of the washing result - the saving of energy, water and washing aids.
  • the machine-controlled period for the thorough 60 ° household washing is still in the period of about 40 to 50 minutes, if pre-washing is used, this period can be considerably extended.
  • the total amount of water required for washing and rinsing is a multiple of the amount of dry textile weight used.
  • a method of the type described in the opening paragraph is known from EP-A-0 247 421 and EP-A-0 079 234.
  • the total water content of the soaked textile material is in the range of the natural retention capacity and thermal energy can be introduced by means of microwaves in addition to circulating warm air.
  • a generic device is known from DE-A-1 610 307.
  • the invention is based on the object of making available time and material-saving work steps in the context of textile washing, by means of which substantial improvements can be achieved in the context of known textile washing processes. This applies both to the stage of the washing processes and to the stage of rinsing the dirt-laden liquor out of the washed textile.
  • the use and summary of the new method measures shown according to the invention opens up the possibility of substantial savings in time, energy, water and / or, if desired, detergent ingredients.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that this soaked textile material is subjected to an intermittent action of the microwaves during the washing and at least one first rinsing step, and additionally in batches or continuously during and / or between the phases of the microwave action subjected to the influence of textile mechanics, for example circulated, the rinsing process in the specified textile moisture range being activated with microwaves in the at least one rinsing stage and subsequently further diluted with rinsing liquid without the action of microwaves.
  • a type of “post-washing” is thus carried out in the at least one rinsing stage, which leads to the intensive absorption of any remaining conditioned dirt in the liquid phase.
  • the respective rinsing stage is preferably first activated by microwave radiation and then further rinsing liquid is added for dilution. It is preferably carried out here in such a way that - after the temperature treatment of the soiled textile with the wash liquor in the wash stage - rinsing liquid is added in such an amount that now forms a liquid phase next to the dampened textile.
  • This dirt-laden liquid phase can be separated from the textile.
  • the remaining wet textile material still contains considerable proportions of the textile detergent mixture, so that a kind of rewashing of the textile material is possible by renewed intermittent use of microwaves.
  • This rinsing step and the simultaneous washing of the soaked textile material and the use of intermittently irradiated microwaves can also be repeated several times. Overall, it is possible to make the rinse water available as cold tap water and to heat only the portions of the rinse water that are retained in the respective process stage by soaked textile - which is separated from the excess of the rinse liquid - by radiation.
  • the entire amount of rinse water sprayed onto the textile must be heated - and this is more than the amount of water that corresponds to the natural retention capacity of the textile, because otherwise the dirt particles and detergent residues present in the textile would not be rinsed out - is at the method according to the invention is only the one located in the textile after the washing stage
  • the amount of water and the amount of rinsing liquid that flows in to replace the rinsing water are briefly heated by microwave radiation.
  • the rinsing stage is preferably only "activated" at the beginning and the increased temperature - in contrast to the previously known method - is not maintained during the entire rinsing stage.
  • the invention thus makes use of two basic principles which, in this form and in particular in their combination, have not hitherto been used for the problem of textile washing.
  • microwave range - hereinafter referred to simply as "microwave” -
  • the well-known example for the household sector is the microwave oven, which is used for rapid, thorough heating and, if necessary, prior defrosting of pre-prepared dishes.
  • the selected microwave radiation in the lower to middle gigahertz range - for example in the range from 0.1 to 300 GHz and preferably in the range from approximately 0.1 to 30 GHz - stimulates the water molecules present in the material to be warmed up and thus causes the water-containing material to be heated from the inside heruas.
  • the possibility of penetration of the radiation into the interior of the material to be heated is greater at low frequencies in the specified range than at the higher frequencies, see for example "Microwaves", Günter Nemitz, Kunststoff 1989, page 115.
  • microwaves of the type mentioned for drying moist textiles It has also already been proposed to use microwaves of the type mentioned for drying moist textiles. To the knowledge of the applicant, their use to promote textile rinsing processes or washing and rinsing processes has not been proposed to date. There seem to be basic starting conditions that determine the usual textile washing and cleaning processes: always in the washing stage as well as in the rinsing processes, such large quantities of liquid are used that a two-phase system soaks in textile material / aqueous liquor is several times the dry weight of the textile. The intervention by means of microwaves in such liquid / solid systems leads to heating of the entire system, which can be achieved in a conventional manner - for example by the known hot rods immersed in the washing liquor - at least as well.
  • microwaves according to the invention in connection with the rinsing or washing and rinsing of textile materials is the departure from known washing and rinsing processes described below.
  • This new concept is of general importance for improved textile washing and / or rinsing.
  • This one The present disclosure of the invention accordingly comprises the general new principle described below for improving both the washing and the rinsing steps on textile materials, in particular on soiled textile material.
  • aqueous phase in decisive sections of the overall process is the limitation of the aqueous phase in decisive sections of the overall process to such amounts as are determined, for example, by the natural water retention - the retention ability - of the textile material to be treated, with amounts of liquid going slightly beyond that to a certain extent as a "serum phase" "can be tolerated. In no case, however, these amounts of liquid can be compared with the amount of water usually used in large excess, which forms the usual washing liquor.
  • washing constituents dissolved in this washing liquor are brought into contact with the soiled textile phase by suitable measures, in particular by the action of temperature and / or textile mechanics, where they loosen the incrustations of dirt and stabilize the loosened dirt in the washing liquor, details of the theory of the washing process and the washing auxiliaries used for example in Ullmann "Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry", 4th edition, Volume 24, detergents, in particular subchapter 2, "Theory of the washing process" loc. Cit. 68 ff and subchapters 3.1 "surfactants” and 3.2 “builder” loc. Cit. Pages 81 to 96.
  • the invention is based on the prerequisite discussed here, the fundamental finding that it is not necessary for the effective implementation of the decisive processes for dirt removal and removal of the textile fiber, an aqueous washing liquor separated from the moist textile.
  • surprising increases in effectiveness which manifest themselves in particular and especially in a reduction in the time required to set a given washing result, are achieved when the amount of water is essentially restricted to the amount of the textile adjusted to a moist state until Condition of the soaked textile can be recorded. It immediately lights up: If the washing ingredients normally used are no longer distributed in a large amount of water, but only the amount of water that can bind the textile is available, cleaning-promoting conditions are set in several ways.
  • the concentration of detergent ingredients in the now greatly reduced amount of liquid has increased significantly, thus improving the activity of wetting surfactants, for example.
  • the detergent active in this embodiment can naturally only be in the immediate vicinity of the fiber - and not far from the fiber dissolved in the bath liquid.
  • Surfactants, bleaches, activators, enzymes, builders, washing alkalis and any other detergent ingredients are - as stated preferably also in increased concentration - bound to the place where they have to fulfill their task.
  • the moist to soaked textile is subjected to known process elements, in particular to the textile mechanical action and / or heating, but these processes are now carried out in the absence or practically in the absence of large amounts of excess aqueous liquor on the moistened or soaked textile under sufficiently intensive conditions.
  • microwaves to support the washing and / or rinsing of textile materials and promotion:
  • the penetrating energy attack of the microwaves in the GHz range mainly affects the water molecules in and in the immediate vicinity of the textile fiber structure.
  • the water or the aqueous solution and / or slurry of washing constituents is thus heated up where the effective temperature increase to intensify the washing result is desired. Excess and ultimately lost energy for heating up a large fleet is no longer required.
  • the use of microwaves to facilitate, shorten and improve textile washing becomes an advantage.
  • microwaves in the process according to the invention takes place intermittently, based on the respective process step, and can thereby sweep over a process step as a whole or only affect parts of such a process step.
  • Microwave radiation of the damp or soaked textile material means the heating of the irradiated material.
  • the general laws for textile washing must be observed.
  • hot laundry can also be safely heated to correspondingly high temperatures under the process conditions according to the invention.
  • Other temperature-sensitive textile materials for example purely synthetic materials based on polyester or wool, are subject to the known restrictions with regard to the water temperatures to be used.
  • the period of exposure to the elevated temperature can be shortened considerably in the process according to the invention down to the range of 1 minute and below, for example down to an exposure range of 10 seconds.
  • Such a period of time is long enough for the promotion of washing processes between detergent ingredients and fiber under the process conditions according to the invention, so it has a positive effect here, without any serious damage to the temperature of the textile material.
  • This is an important difference from conventional washing processes, which work with comparatively long periods of time for heating up the entire fleet and the goods to be washed.
  • the temperature to be set in the textile can be controlled by selecting the intensity and duration of the energy radiation.
  • the intermittent irradiation with comparatively low powers - for example with a maximum of 100 to 200 watts per household washing machine - allows the setting of moderate temperatures if necessary.
  • Such temperature control can be promoted by known measures in connection with textile washing. It may be preferred to subject the soaked textile material in batches or continuously during and / or between the phases of microwave exposure to the influence of textile mechanics. In particular, it is preferred in this embodiment to circulate the moist to wet textile material. This results in a temperature compensation within the textile material and with the surrounding container wall, so that practically any temperature range can be set.
  • the process of, for example, wetting the soiled textile with the surfactant-containing aqueous phase absorbed by the textile can then also be selected for as long as desired at predetermined temperature ranges.
  • washing stage of a textile wash under the conditions according to the invention in the preferred embodiment, no more than about 15 minutes and in particular no more than about 10 minutes are required in order to bring about the required sufficient reaction between the washing constituents and dirt-laden fiber.
  • conditioning means the creation of such a condition in the overall system that subsequent addition of washing liquid - for example also cold water - causes the conditioned dirt to be washed out of the textile.
  • This period of preparatory conditioning of the soiled textile in the sense of such a washing process is often measured in minutes and can, for example, already be completed in a period of up to about 5 minutes. Depending on the load on the machine and the intensity of the energy input, sufficient conditioning effects for the subsequent rinsing can also be set in seconds. Compared to previously known experiences in textile washing, there are completely new possibilities here.
  • the amount of liquid is largely limited to the amount held in the textile.
  • the amount of liquid in the periods of energy irradiation does not exceed at most about twice the maximum retention capacity of the textile material for the liquid phase.
  • the amount of the liquid phase is preferably restricted in such a way that this maximum retention capacity is not exceeded by more than about 0.5 times.
  • amounts of liquid are used in the range of the maximum retention capacity.
  • liquid phase in all parts of the textile material to ensure the desired penetrating wetting while displacing the microdisperse residual air.
  • much smaller amounts of liquid can be used, at least at the beginning of the washing phase.
  • a concentrated solution or slurry of the detergent adjuvants is distributed as evenly as possible on the textile surface, for example by spraying with simultaneous textile movement.
  • the liquid phase can then be added until the maximum retention capacity of the textile material is reached. From the beginning, or even afterwards, batches of energy radiation by microwaves can be provided.
  • the liquid phase containing the detergent ingredients can be applied to the dry textile; on the other hand, to simplify the most uniform possible distribution of the detergent ingredients over the entire textile material, the textile material to be wetted can first be wetted with an aqueous liquid phase, for example pure water, and then by a simple and customary one mechanical process step, for example by spinning off and / or pressing off again from a portion of the liquid phase.
  • the liquid phase containing detergent ingredients is then applied to such pre-wetted material and evenly distributed there. Even with such a sequence of process steps, the intermittent use of microwave radiation and thus the temperature increase in the textile material can be advantageous. It can be seen that the combination of process measures chosen according to the invention enables a hitherto unknown degree of freedom in the control of the processes desired on the textile between fiber, dirt and detergent ingredients.
  • the detergent ingredients and in particular surfactant components are used in such an amount that - based on the limited amount of the liquid phase in the textile - their concentration is higher than in conventional textile washing in an aqueous liquor - in each case based on the volume unit of the liquid phases to be compared with one another.
  • the intensification of the work steps for dirt detachment and conditioning which is possible according to the invention, also makes it possible, however, to reduce the amount of detergent constituents in excess in comparison with the previously usual washing processes with aqueous liquor.
  • the general laws of the textile washing process also apply to the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • Increasing the temperature leads to intensification and / or shortening of the washing process, the same applies to increasing the Concentration of detergent additives and for the use or intensification of textile mechanics.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out in the washing stage described here with mixtures of detergent ingredients in the customary sense, for example with so-called heavy-duty textile detergents.
  • Detergent ingredients and items to be washed are coordinated with one another in a manner known per se. Details can be found in the cited chapter "Detergents" in Ullmann op. Cit. The individual detergent ingredients and their function are also explained in detail here.
  • the textile treatment is also divided into this preliminary stage of the washing or conditioning processes for the soiling.
  • a distinction can be made between a first washing process which is carried out essentially with detersive surfactants and auxiliaries suitable for them, and leads to the conditioning and subsequent detachment of grease, oil and / or pigment stains.
  • a first group of problem stains can be tackled, for example bleachable stains.
  • Working with peroxidic components and associated activators for example the use of sodium perborate and associated activators such as TAED, requires the use of temperature to activate the bleaching component.
  • an old suggestion can be taken up for bleaching which has so far not been able to prevail in practice.
  • This is the irradiation of the textile goods freed from pigment and fat or oil stains with UV light.
  • the action according to the invention brings particular advantages for such a mode of operation here because the textile is not suspended in excess aqueous phase, which absorbs substantial portions of the UV light.
  • the working method according to the invention of irradiating microwave energy with simultaneous limitation of the liquid phase brings the maximum of the retention capacity of the textile material to be treated compared to the liquid phase but also substantial advantages for the Soil detachment and conditioning subsequent rinsing of the textile.
  • the way in which this dirt removal and / or conditioning has been carried out is irrelevant.
  • the following information on this part of the teaching according to the invention deals generally with an improved, preferably multi-stage, rinsing process for textile materials.
  • This rinse is carried out according to the invention in at least 1 rinse stage under the action of microwaves.
  • the decisive factor is the activation - that is, the temperature increase - in the first section of such a rinsing step, which takes place in the liquid phase in the immediate vicinity of the textile fiber.
  • microwaves are designed as follows: rinsing liquid is added to the soaked material until a separating, contaminated liquid phase is formed. This separated portion of the dirt-laden liquid phase is separated from the soaked textile material. This separation can only take place approximately until the maximum retention capacity for the liquid phase has been set, but if desired a further reduction in the liquid phase content can also take place by simple mechanical action such as spinning and / or pressing. At least in the first rinse stages, it may be expedient to dispense with such a further mechanical separation of the liquid phase and instead to expose the well-soaked textile material - preferably with simultaneous textile mechanics - to the action of microwaves.
  • each rinsing phase can be initiated by irradiating microwave energy with hot rinsing liquid, which can then be completed in an energy-saving manner by dilution with cold rinsing water.
  • the intensive wetting of soiled textile material described at the outset is particularly suitable under the conditions according to the invention to bring about the optimal conditions for subsequent immediate cleaning by the action of ultrasound on the textile material.
  • the textile conditioned according to the invention under the action of microwaves in the wet stage is taken up in an aqueous liquor and then exposed to the action of ultrasound transmitters, in particular in the range from approximately 20 to 100 kHz, preferably in the range from approximately 20 to 40 kHz, due to the optimal wetting and apparently complete displacement of the microdisperse residual air in the textile preconditioned according to the invention, an almost sudden detachment of the dirt load from the textile material takes place under the influence of the ultrasound.
  • the details of the process for such a washing process under the influence of ultrasound reference is made to the older applications mentioned DE-A-36 30 183.3, DE-A-36 31 318.1 and DE-A-36 31 727.6.
  • a further embodiment of the invention which proves to be particularly advantageous for many applications, provides that the treated material is also dried with at least partial exposure to microwaves.
  • the drying of textiles washed in the sense of the invention can be carried out in the same device with batch or continuous exposure to microwaves.
  • the textile mechanics provided anyway in the preferred embodiment - that is, that Circulation of the material to be dried - are used, but on the other hand, alternatively or additionally, further process aids can be used. It has proven to be particularly expedient to promote the drying process with at least partial action of the microwaves by simultaneously flowing through the possibly circulated material with an air stream which carries the air laden with moisture out of the washing device.
  • the air to be used does not need to be heated as such, under the influence of the microwaves the moisture evaporates in the textile, it is taken up by the air flow passing through the washing device and discharged from the cleaning chamber.
  • the heating of this moisture-laden air flow in the area of the microwave radiation is ensured at the same time, so that the undesired condensation in the gas phase of the moisture content absorbed in the interior of the cleaning chamber can be prevented.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cavity resonator 2 designed as a metal tub 1 which is closed on all sides and has walls which reflect microwaves towards the cavity resonator interior 3.
  • An energy conductor 4 designed as a waveguide opens into the upper region of the cavity resonator 2.
  • the cross section of the energy conductor 4 to form a coupling hole 5 is reduced in the region of its opening into the cavity resonator 2.
  • the energy conductor 4 is connected to a microwave transmitter or generator designed as a magnetron 6, the area of which projects into the waveguide 4 has the usual distance of lambda / 4 from the inner surfaces of the waveguide 4.
  • a movable closure 7 is arranged, with which the energy conductor can be sealed against the ingress of water.
  • the movable closure 7 can be made of metal, plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the cavity resonator 2 In its bottom area, the cavity resonator 2 has a glass plate 8 which, as a so-called base load, prevents microwaves from being returned to the magnetron when the device is in use is operated without load. Furthermore, a metal propeller 9 is arranged as a field distributor in the cavity 2 at the level of the coupling hole 5.
  • the cavity resonator 2 has in its interior 3 a wing element 10, the drive shaft 11 of which is guided centrally through the bottom 12 of the cavity resonator 2.
  • the passage area of the drive shaft 11 through the base 12 is sealed, for example, by a labyrinth seal 29 with appropriate shielding in a microwave and water-tight manner against the cavity resonator interior 3.
  • the drive shaft 11 is fastened to a reversing gear 13, by means of which the rotational movement which can be picked up on an electric motor 14 is transmitted to the drive shaft 11.
  • the cavity resonator 2 has an outlet 15 in the region of its base 12 for draining liquid from the cavity resonator interior 3.
  • the opening 16 into the cavity 3 is covered by a movable closure 17 made of metal and can be shielded against the passage of microwaves.
  • the outlet 15 is connected to a pump 18, by means of which liquid is sucked out of the cavity resonator interior 3 when the orifice 16 is not closed and is fed to a drain line 19 or return line 20.
  • the pump 18 is designed in terms of its performance and design in such a way that it can generate a slight negative pressure in the cavity interior 3, for which purpose the cavity interior 3 is advantageously sealed off from the outside environment.
  • the return line 20 opens into the inlet 21, through which the aqueous liquid required for washing and / or rinsing is fed to the cavity interior 3.
  • the inlet 21, like the outlet 15, can be closed with a movable closure 22.
  • valves for example solenoid valves, can be provided in the outlet 15 and the inlet 21 directly adjacent to the wall regions of the cavity resonator 2.
  • a tub 23 and a further pump 24 are arranged in the return line 20.
  • a detergent dispenser 25 with fresh water inlet 26 opens into the return line 20 or the inlet 21.
  • the liquid flow within the return line 20 and to the inlet 21 can be regulated with valves 27 and 28.
  • the cavity resonator 2 For the filling of the cavity resonator 2 with goods intended for washing and / or rinsing, the cavity resonator 2 has an opening 31 in its upper region, which can be closed in a microwave and water-tight manner with a door or flap 30. The treated material is also removed from the cavity resonator 2 through the opening 31.
  • a temperature sensor 32 and a moisture sensor 33 are attached to the inner wall of the cavity resonator 2, which are effectively connected to the microwave generator 6 in a manner not shown here and which when the desired temperature is reached Prevent the generation of further microwaves.
  • the above-described components of the device according to the invention are arranged in or on a housing 34 which is designed and can be handled similarly to known tub washing machines.
  • the cavity resonator 2 is filled through the opening 31 with the items to be washed, for example textiles.
  • the cavity interior becomes 3 fed through the inlet 21 aqueous washing liquid.
  • This aqueous washing liquid gets onto the textiles and wets them.
  • the textiles are moved by the rotating wing element 10. Unnecessary washing liquid, or one not yet taken up by the textiles, is sucked off in the outlet 15 and fed back via the return line 20 in the inlet 21 or, if desired, pumped into the outlet line 19. This process is carried out until the textiles in the cavity resonator are adequately wetted, in particular up to their maximum retention capacity, with the washing liquid.
  • the liquid which may still be present in excess in the textiles and which may still be in the cavity resonator interior 3, is pumped out of the cavity resonator 2, possibly with the formation of a slight negative pressure, and passed into the drain line 19 or the suds storage container 23.
  • the actual washing process described further above is then started.
  • the wing element 10 is also kept rotating in the washing process.
  • the inlet 21 and the outlet 15 are covered with the closures 22 and 17 and the closure 7 is removed from the coupling hole 5.
  • the microwave radiation that is now set in can be timed, intermittent or even, and can take place with constant or different power. If necessary, microwave irradiation can already take place when the aqueous liquid enters the cavity interior.
  • washing and / or washing programs can be controlled and regulated by an automatic program (not shown here) and associated switching elements, as is customary in modern washing machines of known type.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 show a device according to the invention in the manner of conventional drum washing machines.
  • the cavity resonator 35 is designed as a metal tub closed on all sides.
  • the cavity resonator 35 is resiliently suspended in a housing 36.
  • This resilient suspension consists of spring elements 37 acting externally on the cavity resonator 35 in its upper region and of shock absorbers 38 acting externally on the cavity resonator 35 in its lower region, which spring elements 37 and shock absorbers 38 are articulated to the housing 36 with their respective other ends.
  • the cavity resonator interior 39 has a lying drum 40 made of plastic, which is provided in its radial side wall with sieve-like openings 41 and inner driver ribs 42.
  • a drive shaft 43 is axially attached to the drum 40, which is led out of the cavity resonator through a wall of the cavity resonator 35 and ends in a further bearing in the region of an outer wall of the housing 36.
  • a rotary movement that can be generated by means of an electric motor 44 is transmitted to the drive shaft 43 by means of a V-belt 45.
  • Various speeds can be generated with the electric motor 44, in particular slow speeds which set the drum 40 in the usual washing rotation and faster speeds which set the drum 40 in the usual spin rotation.
  • With their front area is the drum 40 is mounted in a groove 46 of a sheet metal wall 47 forming a side wall of the cavity resonator 35.
  • a rubber or plastic seal 48 seals the space 49 between the housing front wall 50 and sheet metal wall 47 in a watertight manner.
  • the housing front wall 50 is made of metal and has in the area of the drum 40 a door 51 for filling the drum 40 with the items to be washed.
  • the intermediate space 49 and the door 51 are sealed against the emergence of microwaves, in particular out of the housing 36, and each have a high frequency or microwave-proof shielding.
  • the door 51 can have a viewing window made of glass with an inserted wire mesh for shielding the microwaves.
  • a hollow conductor 52 opens into the cavity resonator interior 39 and has a coupling hole 53 in the opening region.
  • microwaves can be generated in the waveguide 52 by means of a magnetron 54.
  • Field distributors 55 and a base load 56 are arranged in the cavity resonator interior 39.
  • an inlet 57 and an outlet 58 open into the cavity resonator interior 39.
  • the coupling hole 53, the inlet 57 and the outlet 58 can be closed as described in FIG. 1 by means of movable closures 59, 60 and 61 in a microwave or watertight manner.
  • the drain 58 is connected to a pump 63 by means of a line 62.
  • a fluff filter 64 is arranged upstream of the pump 63 in the line 62. Liquid pumped out of the cavity resonator interior 39 can be fed from the pump 63 to a drain line 65 or a return line 66.
  • the return line 66 opens into the inlet 57.
  • a fresh water supply line 67 opens into the return line 66 in the area of the inlet 57.
  • a detergent dispenser 68 is arranged in line 67. To regulate the liquid flows in lines 65, 66 and 67 are in the return line 66 valves 69 and 70 are provided.
  • the area where the drive shaft 43 passes through the cavity resonator 35 is sealed in a microwave and water-tight manner by a bearing 72 in the manner of a labyrinth seal.
  • the washing process takes place in the devices according to FIGS. 2 and 3 analogously to that described for a device according to FIG. 1. Only here, of course, instead of the wing element 10, the drum 40 moves.
  • the squeezing and removal of excess water or washing liquid present in the wetted material in the sense of the method according to the invention takes place in the device according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in that the rotational speed of the drum 40 increased briefly to spin speed and the liquid is pumped out by means of the pump 63. It is not necessary here for a slight negative pressure to be generated in the cavity resonator interior 39.
  • Both the drum and the wing element 10 can be set in rotation continuously or discontinuously, if desired by changing the direction of rotation.
  • thermocouple 73 which extends into the interior of the drum 40, is arranged coaxially to the axis of the drive shaft 43.
  • the thermocouple 73 is plastic-coated and its measuring tip 74 ends in the interior of the plastic cylinder 75 surrounding the thermocouple.
  • the microwave transmitter or generator 6 or 54 has one Power between 100 watts and 1.5 kilowatts.
  • the microwave generator used in each case can be regulated to different power outputs.
  • the microwave generation can be constant, timed or intermittent.
  • the device according to the invention is not limited to the use of a magnetron for microwave generation.
  • a reflex klystron, a changing field tube, Gunn oscillators, avalanche delay diodes, microwave transistors or the like can also be used.
  • the device according to FIGS. 1 to 3 can have a security element arranged on the door 51 or the flap 30, which is effectively connected to the microwave generator and / or the devices regulating the liquid inflow and / or outflow, so that by means of the security element the Microwave generation or the liquid supply is interrupted.
  • the inlets 21 and 57 to the interior of the cavity resonator 2 and 35 can be designed as spray heads or nozzles.
  • ultrasound generators for generating ultrasound vibrations and / or UV radiation-emitting devices can be arranged in or on the cavity resonator 2 or 35, but in particular in the cavity resonator 2 designed as a metal tub.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 Further elements, such as electrical lines and modules for an automatic washing machine, which, however, are already necessary for the operation of conventional washing machines and are familiar to the person skilled in the art, are not shown in more detail in FIGS. 1 to 3. These correspond to the elements known from the usual washing machine technology.
  • the described embodiment of the device according to the invention can be modified in many ways without departing from the basic idea of the invention.
  • commercial washing machines can also be operated using the method according to the invention and can be provided with appropriate cavity resonators for microwave reflection.
  • a device is conceivable in which the items to be washed are introduced into a plastic drum which can be subjected to microwaves and which is arranged in a metal housing.
  • an elongated drum of the rotary tube type which has a double drum section with an inner drum made of plastic, which can be exposed to microwave radiation, while the outer drum in this area and the subsequent drum areas, which may be designed as single drum sections, are made of metal , wherein the single-drum areas are optionally provided on the inside of the drum with microwave-absorbing material to form a reflection-free finish.
  • a commercially available microwave oven of the "Siemens HF 0650" brand is used as the microwave device, which provides for a time-controlled power input in the following stages: 90 W, 180 W, 360 W or 600 W.
  • the radiated energy has a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
  • the washing tests are carried out with tissue samples which are soiled with standard dirt and which come from the applicant's own production.
  • the soiling initial values of the soiled test fabric used are as follows: Polyester-cotton blended fabric, refined (dust / skin grease soiling) 30.0 (% remission) Cotton refined (tea staining) 33 (% remission)
  • a stock liquor which contains the liquid heavy-duty detergent in a 6-fold concentration compared to the detergent concentration used in normal textile washing.
  • Polyester / cotton blended fabric (SH-PBV) soiled with dust / skin oil is treated with an amount of the base liquor which is just sufficient to soak the textile material without forming substantial amounts of an additional serum phase.
  • the soaked textile is placed in a glass jar in the microwave oven and then treated as follows: 10 sec irradiation with a power input of 180 watts Removal of the textile from the stove and intensive circulation of the soaked textile sample Re-irradiate the soaked textile in the microwave oven for 10 sec Repetition of the intensive circulation of the irradiated, soaked textile sample Repetition of the previously described two-stage work cycle, however, the irradiation time is only 5 seconds each.
  • the textile material pretreated in this way is then washed out with lukewarm water, dried and subjected to the determination of the remission value. Determined remission value: 71 (% remission).
  • SH-PBV soiled test material is again subjected to the wetting under the action of microwaves with subsequent rinsing.
  • the wetting is now carried out as follows: Power input 180 watts, irradiation time 10 sec Intensive textile mechanics by hand circulation Again power input 180 watts for 10 sec.
  • Saturation of the prewashed textile goods with new concentrated wash liquor again until the saturation value of the textile goods compared to the wash liquor is reached.
  • the textile goods subjected to double washing in this way are carefully rinsed out with lukewarm water and dried, and their remission value is then determined to be 79.8 (% remission).
  • a piece of textile (SH-PBV) soaked through with the concentrated soapy water is wrapped in a dry terry towel.
  • the package is placed in the microwave oven and irradiated in two process stages for 30 seconds each with a power input of 600 watts.
  • the packet-shaped textile mass is removed from the microwave oven and opened.
  • the dry covering of the terry towel shows no tangible warming up. However, the interior and especially the soaked soiled test fabric are heated up.
  • the soiled test fabric has given deeply colored stains to the dry terry material.
  • the textile material to be washed is once again soaked with the concentrated soapy water and again wrapped in the dry terry towel.
  • the textile package is then exposed again to the irradiation of 600 watts of power for a period of 30 seconds.
  • the hot rag is rinsed intensively with cold water, dried and used to determine the remission value. Measured value: 76.8 (% remission).
  • Example 3 is repeated, but now, instead of a dry covering with terry cloth, the test fabric to be cleaned is covered with a wet terry cloth.
  • the degree of saturation of the textile test material to be cleaned corresponds to the maximum retention capacity of this sample, the terry cloth is first completely wetted with pure water, but then squeezed out by hand and used in this form as a covering.
  • Example 3 The working conditions of Example 3 are repeated.
  • Example 3 Compared to the experiment in Example 3, the outer terry cloth is also heated up strongly in this experiment, whereby when the package is opened, it is shown that the temperature inside the package is obviously higher than it can be felt on the outer surface of the package.
  • the pre-wetted soiled test material is washed in lukewarm water and dried.
  • the remission value of the washed and dried material is 80.7.
  • Test fabric containing bleachable tea stain is impregnated with a concentrated wash liquor which contains a commercially available powdered heavy-duty detergent in a concentration of 5 to 6 times that of a conventional textile wash.
  • the impregnated textile material is treated in three irradiation sections, each with a power irradiation of 180 watts, first for 20 seconds and then 2 x 10 seconds. Between these periods of microwave radiation, the well-wetted textile is subjected to intensive manual circulation.
  • the pre-wetted material is washed out intensively with water.
  • the color of the tea contamination has decreased or brightened overall.
  • the following picture emerges in detail: There is an irregular brightening in such a way that the overall specimen is interspersed with punctiform areas that are almost pure white, while areas in between still show clear residues of the - although lightened - brown tea stains.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
  • Accessory Of Washing/Drying Machine, Commercial Washing/Drying Machine, Other Washing/Drying Machine (AREA)

Claims (38)

  1. Procédé de lavage et de rinçage de matières textiles avec des liquides aqueux, comprenant le cas échéant des agents de lavage et/ou de nettoyage, en mettant en oeuvre des températures élevées sous l'effet d'oscillations à haute fréquence dans la gamme des ondes d'ordre micrométrique (micro-ondes) sur un tissu textile trempé dont le taux d'eau total se situe dans la plage de la capacité de rétention naturelle du tissu textile pour la phase aqueuse, ce tissu textile trempé étant soumis aux effets de micro-ondes, procédé caractérisé par le fait que ce tissu textile est soumis pendant la phase de lavage, ou au moins pendant une première phase de rinçage, à un effet intermittent de micro-ondes, et qu'il subit également, par paliers ou de façon continue, pendant et/ou entre les phases soumises à l'effet des micro-ondes, l'influence d'un traitement mécanique des textes, par exemple des cylindrages, le processus de lavage étant, au moins pendant une phase de rinçage, soumis à une activation au moyen des micro-ondes dans la plage d'humidité du textile indiquée, puis soumis à une dilution avec du liquide de rinçage sans l'effet des micro-ondes.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on procède à un rinçage en plusieurs phases - notamment avec une phase aqueuse non préchauffée - de façon qu'au moins pendant une phase, de préférence pendant au moins deux phases de rinçage, et particulièrement pendant deux à cinq phases de rinçage, on puisse travailler sous l'effet de micro-ondes.
  3. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'on réalise une phase de rinçage soumise à une activation au moyen de micro-ondes qui se déroule de la manière suivante:
    Addition d'un liquide de rinçage au tissu textile trempé jusqu'à l'obtention d'une phase aqueuse chargée de salissures auprès du tissu textile trempé puis, séparation de cette phase aqueuse, ensuite traitement du tissu textile trempé restant par des micro-ondes puis nouvelle addition de liquide de rinçage.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que la microstructure des fibres du tissu textile, y compris ses zones sales, est mouillée de façon pénétrante et aérée pendant la phase de mouillage en refoulant l'air résiduel par microdispersion.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le tissu texte trempé est chauffé à des températures se situant dans le secteur d'environ 35°C jusqu'au point d'ébullition de la phase aqueuse, notamment à des températures se situant dans le secteur d'environ 40 à 90°C.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'on soumet à l'effet de micro-ondes un tissu textile trempé dont la quantité de liquide ne dépasse pas à peu près le double de la capacité de rétention maximale et de préférence, ne dépasse pas cette valeur maximale de plus d'environ 0,5%.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'on travaille avec des rapports entre le poids du textile sec et la phase liquide aqueuse se situant dans la gamme de 1 : 1 à 1 : 3, de préférence dans la gamme d'environ 1 : 1 à 1 : 2,5.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le mouillage est réalisé avec une phase liquide incorporant des matières de lavage et notamment des agents tensio-actifs, dont la teneur en ces matières - par rapport à l'unité de volume de la phase liquide - est plus élevée que pour du linge textile normal dans un bain aqueux.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que la teneur en matières de lavage, notamment en agents tensio-actifs, correspond pendant la phase de mouillage - par rapport aux tissus textiles secs - à peu près à celle du linge textile normal dans un bain aqueux.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que la durée du mouillage sous l'effet de micro-ondes n'est pas plus longue qu'environ quinze minutes, de préférence pas plus longue qu'environ dix minutes, et qu'elle ne dépasse notamment pas environ cinq minutes.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que la durée de mouillage sous l'effet intermittent de micro-ondes est contrôlée indépendamment de la température, de manière que plus les températures à l'intérieur du tissu textile trempé seront élevées, moins les durées de mouillage seront longues.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'on travaille avec des matières de lavage pour supprimer des salissures problématiques, notamment avec des agents de blanchiment et, le cas échéant, des activateurs de ceux-ci et/ou avec des enzymes en présence ou en l'absence d'autres produits auxiliaires de lavage de textiles.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que du tissu textile sec et/ou prétrempé est mouillé sous l'effet au moins successif de micro-ondes.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que le lavage et le rinçage sous l'effet de micro-ondes sont réalisés dans une gamme de taux d'humidité du tissu textile limitée vers le haut par la capacité de rétention à peu près maximale du textile pour la phase liquide, et vers le bas par l'humidité résiduelle après une séparation mécanique habituelle de la phase liquide - par exemple par essorage et/ou par passage à la presse.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que, pour le traitement de tissu textile sale, on utilise d'une autre manière, avec des composants mouillants et/ou nettoyants, des compositions de produits classiques de lavage de textile, par exemple des produits complets de lavage de textile, ou bien on divise le processus de lavage en une multitude de phases partielles successives, par exemple la suppression des salissures dues aux pigments ou à la graisse, puis le traitement de salissures problématiques.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que le rinçage de la salissure textile est accéléré sous l'effet d'ultrasons - notamment dans la gamme de fréquences d'environ 20 à 100 kHz - dirigés sur le tissu textile en décantation dans le bain de rinçage.
  17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise des micro-ondes sous la forme d'oscillations électromécaniques à haute fréquence dans la gamme supérieure des mégahertz jusque dans la gamme moyenne des gigahertz, plus particulièrement dans une gamme d'environ 0,1 à 300 GHz, de préférence d'environ 0,1 à 30 GHz.
  18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé par le fait que le séchage du tissu traité s'effectue également sous l'effet au moins partiel de micro-ondes.
  19. Dispositif de lavage et de rinçage de matières fibreuses, de peaux, de matières textiles ou similaires pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, ce dispositif comportant une cavité résonnante (2, 35) dans laquelle on peut conduire par l'intermédiaire d'un conducteur d'énergie (4, 52) des micro-ondes produites à l'aide d'un émetteur ou d'un générateur de micro-ondes (5, 54), et un dispositif (10, 40) situé à l'intérieur de la cavité résonnante (2, 35) adapté pour recevoir et agiter le tissu destiné à être lavé ou rincé, ainsi qu'au moins une amenée (21, 57) pour introduire un liquide aqueux dans la cavité résonnante (2, 35) et au moins un écoulement (15, 58) pour évacuer le liquide de cette dernière (2, 35), ce liquide aqueux pouvant être pompé depuis l'espace intérieur de cette cavité résonnante (3, 39) à l'aide d'une pompe (18, 63), caractérisé par le fait que la puissance du générateur de micro-ondes (6, 54) est réglable, que ce générateur peut produire des micro-ondes de façon intermittente et que le liquide aqueux peut, le cas échéant, être ramené dans l'espace intérieur de la cavité résonnante en traversant un réservoir (23).
  20. Dispositif selon la revendication 19, caractérisé par le fait que la cavité résonnante (2, 35) est en métal, que le conducteur d'énergie (4, 52) est un guide d'ondes et que le générateur de micro-ondes (6, 54) est un magnétron.
  21. Dispositif selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 19 ou 20, caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'intérieur de la cavité résonnante (2, 35), au niveau du trou d'accouplement (5, 53) du conducteur d'énergie (4, 52) est disposé au moins un répartiteur de champ, notamment une hélice métallique (9, 55).
  22. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 21, caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'intérieur de la cavité résonnante (2, 35) est disposée une charge de base, notamment en forme de plaque de verre (8, 56).
  23. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 22, caractérisé par le fait que l'on peut fermer le conducteur d'énergie (4, 52), l'amenée (21, 57) et l'écoulement (15, 58) en direction de l'espace intérieur de la cavité résonnante (3, 39) pour empêcher le passage de micro-ondes et/ou d'eau, notamment à l'aide de fermetures amovibles métalliques ou plastiques (7, 17, 22, 59, 60, 61) couvrant ceux-ci (4, 15, 21, 52, 57, 58).
  24. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 23, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif situé à l'intérieur de la cavité résonnante (2, 35) servant à recevoir et/ou agiter le tissu introduit est un élément à ailes (10) ou une roue ondulée en métal ou en matière plastique, ou un tambour (40) en matière plastique pourvu d'ouvertures (41) du type tamis et de nervures d'entraînement internes (42).
  25. Dispositif selon la revendication 24, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément à ailes (10), la roue ondulée ou le tambour (40) sont en matière plastique résistant à des températures élevées.
  26. Dispositif selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 24 ou 25, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément à ailes (10), la roue ondulée ou le tambour (40) peuvent être actionnés à l'aide d'un moteur électrique (14, 44), le cas échéant pourvu d'une transmission intermédiaire, notamment une transmission réversible (13).
  27. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 26, caractérisé par le fait que la cavité résonnante (2, 35) peut être alimentée avec du tissu à laver par l'intermédiaire d'ouvertures (31, 71), et que l'on peut fermer ces ouvertures (31, 71) à l'aide d'une porte (51) ou d'un volet (30) pourvus d'un écran haute fréquence, pour empêcher l'entrée de micro-ondes et d'eau.
  28. Dispositif selon la revendication 27, caractérisé par le fait que la porte (51) ou le volet (30) sont pourvus d'un élément de sécurité dont l'actionnement est relié au générateur de micro-ondes (6, 54) et/ou aux dispositifs régulant l'amenée et/ou l'écoulement du liquide.
  29. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 28, caractérisé par le fait que l'on peut établir une dépression dans l'espace intérieur de la cavité résonnante (3) à l'aide d'une pompe (18).
  30. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 29, caractérisé par le fait que la cavité résonnante (2) est réalisée sous forme d'une cuve métallique (1) du type de machines à laver à cuve habituelles.
  31. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 29, caractérisé par le fait que la cavité résonnante (35) est réalisée sous forme d'un récipient métallique à lessive, à suspension élastique, comprenant à l'intérieur un tambour (40) en matière plastique du type des machines à laver à tambour habituelles.
  32. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 31, caractérisé par le fait que dans la cavité résonnante (2, 35) ou dans le tambour (40) sont disposés des capteurs de température (32, 73) et/ou d'humidité (33), notamment un élément thermique (73) enveloppé de matière plastique comprenant une pointe de mesure (74) situé à l'intérieur d'un cylindre en matière plastique (75).
  33. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 32, caractérisé par le fait que l'amenée (21, 57) vers l'espace intérieur de la cavité résonnante (3, 39) est réalisée sous forme de tête ou de buse de pulvérisation.
  34. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 33, caractérisé par le fait qu'un filtre à peluches (64) est disposé au niveau de l'écoulement (15, 58).
  35. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 34, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments en matière plastique disposés dans l'espace intérieur de la cavité résonnante (3, 39), notamment l'élément à ailes (10), la roue ondulée ou le tambour (40) sont en matières plastiques appartenant au groupe des polycarbonates ou des polysulfones.
  36. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 35, caractérisé par le fait que des générateurs d'ultrasons sont disposés dans la cavité résonnante (2, 35), notamment dans celle réalisée sous forme de cuve métallique (1).
  37. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 36, caractérisé par le fait que des dispositifs émettant un rayonnement d'ultra-violets sont disposés dans la cavité résonnante (2, 35).
  38. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 37, caractérisé par le fait que pour le séchage du tissu introduit, l'espace intérieur de la cavité résonnante (3, 39) est pourvu d'une amenée d'air et d'une évacuation de vapeur du type des séchoirs à air d'évacuation ou à condensation habituels.
EP88102944A 1987-03-06 1988-02-27 Procédé et dispositif pour laver et/ou rincer des matières textiles Expired - Lifetime EP0281041B1 (fr)

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DE19873707147 DE3707147A1 (de) 1987-03-06 1987-03-06 Verfahren zum waschen und/oder spuelen von textilmaterialien sowie hierfuer geeignete vorrichtungen

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DE (2) DE3707147A1 (fr)
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US7674300B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-03-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US7740666B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US8182552B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2012-05-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US8632613B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2014-01-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for applying one or more treatment agents to a textile web
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US7674300B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-03-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US7740666B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US8182552B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2012-05-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US8632613B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2014-01-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for applying one or more treatment agents to a textile web
DE102008025294A1 (de) 2008-05-27 2009-12-03 Rational Ag Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Garraums und Gargerät hierfür
DE102008025294B4 (de) * 2008-05-27 2012-06-21 Rational Ag Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Garraums
US10584435B2 (en) * 2014-09-10 2020-03-10 Delking (Pty) Ltd. Cleaning apparatus

Also Published As

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YU47091B (sh) 1994-12-28
ES1006937U (es) 1989-01-16
ES1006937Y (es) 1989-07-16
EP0281041A1 (fr) 1988-09-07
YU46979B (sh) 1994-09-09
YU40788A (en) 1991-02-28
WO1988006654A1 (fr) 1988-09-07
EP0356427A1 (fr) 1990-03-07
KR890700711A (ko) 1989-04-26
GR3006107T3 (fr) 1993-06-21
YU69189A (en) 1990-10-31
ATE80422T1 (de) 1992-09-15
JPH02502429A (ja) 1990-08-09
DE3707147A1 (de) 1988-09-15
DE3874367D1 (de) 1992-10-15
ES2033957T3 (es) 1993-04-01

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