EP0277070B1 - Rohrplatte eines Austauschers für einen thermischen Generator - Google Patents

Rohrplatte eines Austauschers für einen thermischen Generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0277070B1
EP0277070B1 EP88400165A EP88400165A EP0277070B1 EP 0277070 B1 EP0277070 B1 EP 0277070B1 EP 88400165 A EP88400165 A EP 88400165A EP 88400165 A EP88400165 A EP 88400165A EP 0277070 B1 EP0277070 B1 EP 0277070B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
end pieces
heat exchanger
tubes
refractory
fact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88400165A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0277070A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Lelant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lelant Jean-Claude
Engie SA
Original Assignee
Lelant Jean-Claude
Gaz de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lelant Jean-Claude, Gaz de France SA filed Critical Lelant Jean-Claude
Priority to AT88400165T priority Critical patent/ATE62340T1/de
Publication of EP0277070A1 publication Critical patent/EP0277070A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0277070B1 publication Critical patent/EP0277070B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/06—Flue or fire tubes; Accessories therefor, e.g. fire-tube inserts
    • F22B37/08—Fittings preventing burning-off of the tube edges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/002—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using inserts or attachments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat generator heat exchanger comprising at least one tube plate. It will particularly find its application in the field of heating, in particular, among boiler builders, repairers and operators.
  • high power thermal generators operate from gaseous or liquid fuels.
  • a burner ensures the combustion of the fuel to obtain an optimum combustion efficiency.
  • the heat of the fumes produced is recovered to be communicated to a heat transfer fluid intended to transport the calories outside the thermal generator.
  • This energy transfer is carried out by means of an exchanger which must be completely sealed to avoid any transfer of the heat transfer fluid in the combustion fumes, while being very permeable to heat transfer.
  • the exchangers are in the form of a battery of tubes intended to be traversed internally by hot combustion fumes while the outside of the tubes are immersed in the heat transfer fluid.
  • This battery of tubes is arranged between two perforated tubular plates each receiving a fitted and welded end of the tube, the tubular plates dividing the volume of the heat-transfer fluid.
  • the tubular plate disposed on the upstream side with respect to the direction of flow of the hot gas fluid undergoes extremely high thermal stresses given the temperature differences encountered at this level. This is a fragile area which causes numerous operational incidents due to the alteration of the structure of the tubular plates on the parts which are most difficult to cool.
  • the thermal convention due to the gases in the tubes is important, hence a rise in temperature at the end of the tubes which, if it is not sufficiently cooled, heats up abnormally.
  • the metal loses its chemical and mechanical qualities and there first appears erosion caused by the passage of dust particles, then micro-cracks due to the disappearance of carbon or disorder in the crystal structure of the metal. These cracks develop on the tube from where a risk of loss of sealing and the need to replace damaged tubes.
  • Ceramic type refractory tips have the advantage of being able to withstand very high temperatures mechanically. However, they break easily and sweeping must be done very gently. An individual bonding of each of the end pieces must necessarily be made and no protection of the tube plate is obtained. During each periodic visit, the removal of each of the end pieces represents a tedious operation since it requires the take off of the end pieces and the cleaning of each of the tubes, the reuse of the end pieces is delicate, hence a high economic cost.
  • the protection of the tube plate is not ensured; in fact since there are clear spaces between each endpiece which are necessary to allow expansion of the assembly.
  • the nesting of circular shape does not allow to form a total cover of the tube plate. It is not very advantageous to protect too small a part of the tubular plate since the remaining part will form the zone favorable to the development of cracks.
  • the refractory cast iron end pieces offer only few advantages compared to the refractory end pieces described above.
  • document FR-A-910.528 discloses a heat exchanger with a tubular plate which comprises a series of perforations in which the tubes traversed by the hot combustion gases are fitted, said plate being intended to form a watertight bulkhead separation for the heat transfer fluid from the combustion gases.
  • the tubular plate comprises bricks, of refractory material, of polygonal section arranged at the ends of said tubes, and connected together by a refractory mortar.
  • combustion gas temperatures ranging from 1,000 to 1,900 ° C while the temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing in the exchanger is generally between 90 and 200 ° C. Such temperature differences cause relative expansions of the different elements.
  • document FR-A-2,571,839 discloses another type of protection for tubular plates of heat exchangers.
  • the tubular plate is provided with metallic protective tubular pieces welded or mandrel at the ends of the tubes, and having a thin head of polygonal shape.
  • the main object of the present invention is to present a heat exchanger, comprising at least one tubular plate, particularly intended for the thermal generator, making it possible to overcome the drawbacks of known techniques and benefiting from reinforced protection compared to existing devices.
  • the protection can be concentrated at the ends of the tubes, that is to say typically the fragile zone, or be extended to the entire surface of the tube plate in order to avoid any risk of impact.
  • Another object of the present invention is to present a tubular plate, the design of which can be envisaged on existing thermal generators. No modification is necessary, only the adaptation of the refractory tips is to be made.
  • the heat exchanger comprising at least one tubular plate, intended to form a sealed partition for the heat transfer fluid with respect to the combustion gases, the said plate having a series of perforations in which are fitted with tubes traversed by said hot combustion gases, and having refractory end pieces, arranged at said ends of said tubes, is characterized in that the end pieces have nesting means, able on the one hand to allow a connection with neighboring tips and secondly to allow free expansion of the tip heads.
  • the invention also proposes an application of such a heat exchanger to a heat generator, such as in particular a heating boiler.
  • the present invention relates to a tubular heat exchanger heat exchanger plate. It will particularly find its application in the industry of boiler construction, repair and maintenance.
  • an exchanger is integrated in the boiler to form a sealed partition between the combustion fumes and the fluid coolant.
  • the exchanger is formed by a set of tubes distributed between two tubular plates, through which tubes the hot combustion gases are circulated.
  • the heat transfer fluid is arranged around the tubes between the tube plates to absorb calories.
  • refractory end pieces have been developed which are intended to be inserted at the end of the exchanger tubes to reduce the heat flow at this level. These refractory tips are fixed individually and it is necessary during each periodic visit to extract them to inspect the ends of the tubes. They then become unusable and must be replaced.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a sectional view of a thermal generator 1 which comprises as a heat source a burner 2 which ensures the combustion of a fuel of any kind by forming a flame 3.
  • the heat of the combustion fumes is recovered by means of an exchanger 4 immersed in a heat transfer fluid 5. At the outlet of the exchanger 4, the fumes are collected in a discharge chimney 6.
  • the exchanger 4 is formed by a battery of tubes 7 arranged between tubular plates 8 and 9 which include perforations in which the tubes 7 are fitted, the hot combustion gases passing through the interior of the tubes 7.
  • the diagram of the thermal generator given in FIG. 1 is that for documentary purposes and many other designs of boilers can also be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents the fixing of the end of the tubes 7 of the exchanger 4 on the tube plate 9.
  • the end of the tube 7 is slightly protruding to facilitate in particular the installation of a weld bead 10 for fixing the rooms. The thermal stresses encountered at this location are intense.
  • a refractory end piece 11 at the ends of the tubes 7 as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the refractory end pieces are generally fixed individually by bonding. They effectively protect the end of the tubes 7 on the other hand, the surface of the tubular plate 9 is not entirely covered by the said refractory end pieces 11 since they cannot be put in place contiguously to allow their free dilation. This is a serious shortcoming given precisely that the surfaces released from the tube plate 9 constitute sources of cracking.
  • the tubular plate 9 of the present invention has the main characteristic of being provided with refractory end pieces arranged at the ends of the tubes 7 provided with nesting means which ensure a connection with the neighboring tips.
  • FIG. 4 represents a refractory end piece 12 intended to be put in place at the end of the exchanger tubes 7 in a manner similar to traditional refractory end pieces.
  • nesting means makes it possible to avoid having to consider the systematic fixing of each of the refractory end pieces.
  • the refractory end pieces form an assembly and only the fixing of some of them is necessary to ensure that the assembly is held in place. Under these conditions, assembly and disassembly are facilitated. During the periodic inspection, it is no longer necessary to systematically replace all of the refractory end pieces, resulting in significant savings.
  • the refractory end pieces 12 have means for covering the neighboring end piece. This design increases the protection of the tube plate 9 since its surface has fewer open areas and even in certain circumstances described below, no open area.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in top view an embodiment of the refractory end piece 12 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates in longitudinal section view this same refractory end piece 12.
  • the end piece 12 traversed by a bore 13 comprises a body 14 intended to be fitted into the tube 7 of the exchanger 4.
  • This body 14 is surmounted by a head 15 which comprises a surface element 16 in cantilever and a remote surface element 17.
  • remote surface element 17 is meant a projecting part disposed at the base of the head 15, that is to say disposed towards the body 14 of the endpiece 12.
  • the cantilever surface element 16 and the offset surface element 17 are complementary, that is to say that they can be nested one under the other, and are arranged symmetrically on the head to allow the nesting of neighboring tips.
  • these means are in the form of a head 15 having oblique chamfers 16 and 17. These chamfers are complementary and their spacing corresponds to the spacing of the tubes 7 on the tube plate 9.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the nesting of the refractory end pieces 12, the fixing of which is ensured by covering the head with the neighboring element.
  • the oblique contact surface allows expansion of the bit heads.
  • the blocking of all the refractory end pieces can be ensured under certain conditions by ensuring the bonding of a single element. However, for security reasons, it will be ensured, for example, by bonding one element in six or one element in ten depending on the geometry of the tubular plate and the holes it comprises.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates in front view the nesting of the refractory end pieces on a tubular plate 9.
  • the refractory end pieces have a head of circular section in which case slight interstices are still visible on the surface of the tubular plate 9.
  • the total covering of the surface of the tube plate 9 cannot be achieved with the use of refractory tips 12 with circular heads.
  • This property can also be obtained through the use of refractory end pieces having a square profile head as illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • the complete covering of the surface of the tubular plate 9 can be obtained. thanks to the use of a refractory nozzle fitted with a head of suitable polygonal profile.
  • the materials capable of being used to form the refractory end pieces according to the present invention are manifold in particular: cast iron, refractory cast iron, refractory steel, ceramic, fibrous materials.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Wärmeaustauscher, der mindestens eine rohrförmige Platte (9) umfaßt, die dazu dient, eine dichte Trennwand zwischen dem wärmeträgenden Fluidum (5) und den Verbrennungsgasen (3) zu bilden, wobei die genannte Platte (9) eine Reihe von Durchbohrungen aufweist, an die von den genannten heißen Verbrennungsgasen (3) durchfließte Rohre (7) angeschlossen sind, die im Bereich der genannten Enden der genannten Rohre angeordnete feuerfeste Anschlußstücke (12; 19; 20) aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschlußstücke (12; 19; 20) Ineinandergreifmittel aufweisen, die geeignet sind, einerseits, eine Verbindung mit benachbarten Anschlußstücken (12; 19; 20) zu erlauben und, andererseits, eine freie Ausdehnung der Anschlußstückköpfe (15) zu ermöglichen.
2. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Ineinandergreifmittel aus dem Kopf (15) jedes Anschlußstücks (12; 19; 20) bestehen, der einen vorspringenden Oberflächenteil (16) und einen versetzten Oberflächenteil (16) umfaßt, welche ergänzend und symmetrisch auf dem Kopf angeordnet und geeignet, das benachbarte Anschlußstück zu überdecken und die genannte Ausdehnung zu ermöglichen, sind.
3. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Profil des genannten Kopfes (15) so ist, daß dessen Ränder wesentlich gleichlaufend zu einander und wenigstens zum Teil schräg zur Längsachse des Anschlußstücks sind, um unter einander zu greifen.
4. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel als ein mit schrägen Abschrägungen (16, 17) versehener Kopf (15) ausgestaltet sind.
5. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand zwischen den Abschrägungen (16, 17) dem Abstand zwischen den Rohren (7) auf der rohrförmigen Platte (9) entspricht.
6. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschlußstücke (12; 19; 20) mit schrägen Abschrägungen (16, 17) versehen sind, die eine Überdeckung und ein Ineinandergreifen der sämtlichen Anschlußstücke sichern, um eine Gesamtschirmung der rohrförmigen Platte (9) zu bilden.
7. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (15) der feuerfesten Anschlußstücke (19) ein Sechskantprofil aufweist.
8. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (15) der feuerfesten Anschlußstücke (19) ein Vierkantprofil aufweist.
9. Wärmegenerator, wie nämlich Heizkessel, ausgerüstet mit einem Wärmeaustauscher nach irgendeinem der vorgehenden Ansprüche.
EP88400165A 1987-01-28 1988-01-26 Rohrplatte eines Austauschers für einen thermischen Generator Expired - Lifetime EP0277070B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88400165T ATE62340T1 (de) 1987-01-28 1988-01-26 Rohrplatte eines austauschers fuer einen thermischen generator.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8701289 1987-01-28
FR8701289A FR2610099B1 (fr) 1987-01-28 1987-01-28 Plaque tubulaire d'echangeur de generateur thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0277070A1 EP0277070A1 (de) 1988-08-03
EP0277070B1 true EP0277070B1 (de) 1991-04-03

Family

ID=9347539

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400165A Expired - Lifetime EP0277070B1 (de) 1987-01-28 1988-01-26 Rohrplatte eines Austauschers für einen thermischen Generator

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0277070B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE62340T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3862198D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2021842B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2610099B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3001979T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4012045A1 (de) * 1990-04-13 1991-10-17 Behr Gmbh & Co Waermetauscher
FR2661244B1 (fr) * 1990-04-19 1994-08-05 Olifan Vibracim Sa Embout de protection pour tube de chaudiere et son procede de fabrication.
EP0567674B1 (de) * 1992-04-29 1994-02-23 Deutsche Babcock-Borsig Aktiengesellschaft Wärmetauscher zum Kühlen von in einer Kohlevergasungsanlage erzeugtem Synthesegas
US6173682B1 (en) * 1999-05-12 2001-01-16 Koch Tpa, Inc. Tubesheet and tube protector device and a method for making such a device
NL2009451C2 (en) * 2012-09-12 2014-03-18 Innalox B V Boiler wall protection block, assembly of such block and a ferrule, and a boiler provided with such assembly.
CN107042032A (zh) * 2017-03-06 2017-08-15 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院南通分院 节能型石墨多管烟气除尘器、其工作方法及其检修方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB183479A (en) * 1922-07-20 1923-10-22 Arthur Henry Lymn Improved ferrules for protecting the ends of fire-tubes of boilers and the like
FR910528A (fr) * 1944-04-12 1946-06-11 Procédé pour protéger les plaques tubulaires des générateurs de vapeur à tubes à fumée
DE1064538B (de) * 1955-05-16 1959-09-03 Ind Companie Kleinewefers Kons Gegossenes Waermeaustauscherrohr
FR1371991A (fr) * 1963-08-01 1964-09-11 Gen Thermique Perfectionnements apportés aux chaudières à tubes de fumées
FR2571839B1 (fr) * 1984-10-12 1987-01-02 Pecquet Tesson Soc Ind Perfectionnements aux plaques tubulaires d'echangeurs thermiques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE62340T1 (de) 1991-04-15
GR3001979T3 (en) 1992-11-23
DE3862198D1 (de) 1991-05-08
FR2610099A1 (fr) 1988-07-29
FR2610099B1 (fr) 1990-09-07
ES2021842B3 (es) 1991-11-16
EP0277070A1 (de) 1988-08-03

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