EP0265262B1 - Fundamentschalungen von Gebäuden - Google Patents
Fundamentschalungen von Gebäuden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0265262B1 EP0265262B1 EP87309345A EP87309345A EP0265262B1 EP 0265262 B1 EP0265262 B1 EP 0265262B1 EP 87309345 A EP87309345 A EP 87309345A EP 87309345 A EP87309345 A EP 87309345A EP 0265262 B1 EP0265262 B1 EP 0265262B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- boxes
- spacer
- box
- form work
- corner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/168—Spacers connecting parts for reinforcements and spacing the reinforcements from the form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/001—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper stackable
- B65D5/005—Separate or attached stacking elements
- B65D5/006—Separate corner posts and like elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/01—Flat foundations
- E02D27/02—Flat foundations without substantial excavation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/18—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly cast between filling members
- E04B5/21—Cross-ribbed floors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to building foundation form work including a spacer useful in form work, and a method of constructing and using form work for building foundations.
- trenches are cut into the ground and the concrete is poured into these trenches.
- the level of the concrete is sometimes above the level of the ground by constraining the flow of concrete above the level of the ground by employing ground form work.
- the present invention seeks to reduce the cost of providing a foundation for a building, which foundation will be sufficiently strong to resist substantially expansive soils.
- GB-A- 107699 discloses a spacer of cruciform shape with arms extending from a central supporting boss for spacing apart hollow concrete blocks that are to be incorporated in an overhead floor.
- the ends of each of the arms of the spacer locate a corner of a block so that each spacer is able to locate four hollow concrete blocks.
- the spacer is intended to be fastened to shuttering supporting the floor construction through holes in the arms of the spacer.
- the spacer has extending down to the shuttering a boss so as to provide a support for suspending items such as light fittings from below the floor.
- the present invention resides in a spacer for a building foundation wherein a plurality of boxes are located in spaced apart relationship to define channels therebetween, the spacer including diagonal frame members which define a cruciform shape in plan with re-entrant shaped pads at the tips thereof, a first of the re-entrant shaped pads being adapted to engage against adjacent sides at one corner of a first box, whilst at the same time a second of the re-entrant shaped pads is adapted to engage against adjacent sides at one corner of a second box adjacent the first box, characterised in that the spacer is square or rectangular shaped in plan such that the said first and second re-entrant pads lie at corners of the spacer, and the square or rectangular shape of the spacer is formed from at least one additional frame member extending between the said first and second re-entrant shaped pads and providing lateral support therefor, and in that the spacer has an upwardly extending medially positioned part having an upwardly open U-shape slot therein adapted to support and hold
- cardboard boxes of the type being discussed can be sufficiently held against lateral pressures when such means engage against respective sides in the vicinity of the corner of the box.
- the spacer engages against both sides adjoining a corner of each of four adjacent boxes with the corners at a common location.
- a concrete block is located midway between respective corners of the same box and this is supported on the ground within the channel, and furthermore this block has a width which defines the channel width and is used then as a block to support reinforcing rods, then it is found that this may result in a localised weakening of the concrete where the foundation concrete meets the concrete block material. If this does fracture, while not structurally necessarily dangerous, there may result an access of water which, through capillary action, can reach the steel reinforcing rod or rods.
- each spacer while having a substantially large outermost engaging surface to bear against the side of a box, nonetheless has frame members which have a lowermost edge which is substantially above the lowermost edge of such outermost engaging surface and, as such, is above any supporting ground level surface.
- securing means provided for locating respective corners of the boxes for the box location purposes previously described, wherein one of the boxes is located above the second box, and so defining together, coplanar sides effecting a channel between such sides and other such boxes.
- Such securing means preferably engage against both sides adjoining a corner of a first box and at the same time against both sides adjoining a corner of a second box where the first box is located above but resting on the second box.
- Fig.1 there is shown a plurality of boxes which are supported on level ground and which are surrounded by perimeter form work 2, 3, the boxes 1 and the perimeter form work 2 all being held in spaced apart relationship so as to leave a plurality of channels 4 between the respective sides 5 of the boxes 1 and the perimeter form work 2 and 3.
- Each of the boxes 1 in particular as shown in Fig.2 are comprised of cardboard having an external surface coated with an appropriate water repellant material such as a wax, but which otherwise comprise cardboard conventionally reinforced with a corrugated layer within each planar surface, the box 1 including a top 6, a bottom 7 and sides 8, 9, 10 and 11, the sides each defining a flat side and each being arranged to provide in plan, a square shape together with the flat top 6 and the flat bottom 7.
- Side 10 has been opened out to show a top flap 12, a bottom flap 13 and side flaps 14 and 15. These are folded over so as to lie one against the other and to provide mutual reinforcing therefor for the side of the box thus formed.
- side 11 comprises two flaps one folded over the other, shown particularly at 16 and 17, and likewise side 8 has two flaps 18 and 19.
- the box 1 is reinforced by typical egg-crate type reinforcement which comprises a plurality of transverse members 20 which interlock with crossing members 21 each of the members 20 and 21 being comprised of corrugated strengthened cardboard and each defining a vertical plane extending to immediately below the top 6 and above the bottom 7 so as to provide vertical support for the top 6.
- typical egg-crate type reinforcement which comprises a plurality of transverse members 20 which interlock with crossing members 21 each of the members 20 and 21 being comprised of corrugated strengthened cardboard and each defining a vertical plane extending to immediately below the top 6 and above the bottom 7 so as to provide vertical support for the top 6.
- the ends butt against the respective sides and also provide at least some reinforcing strengthening of these sides.
- Such reinforcement and strengthening is provided to such an extent that a foundation laying worker can walk on top of the box, and also it is such that the boxes can resist lateral deformation under the relevant stresses involved.
- the boxes 1 are located so as to leave channels 4 between the confronting sides thereof, and in accordance with this embodiment there is provided a spacer 22 which in plan view is of square shape but which provides at four symmetrically located corner positions a re-entrant shape shown typically at 23.
- Each corner contains pads 24a,25a having outermost engaging faces 24 and 25 which will engage against adjacent sides meeting at a corner of a box 1. It is a requisite that there be a relatively significant bearing surface which can engage against an effective area of the side of a cardboard box, and furthermore that this will engage both against an edge at the corner of a box and across the bottom of the box where there is also the bottom 7 which also provides additional reinforcement for the box.
- engaging surfaces 24 and 25 are of substantial surface area (each being preferably 55 mms wide and 55 mms high) and are adapted with respect to the remaining parts of the spacer 22 to sit with lowermost edges 26 on the same level surface that is supporting the box 1.
- the respective frame elements 30 at the sides of the square are each raised significantly above the ground level and indeed have an upper surface which lies flush with the upper surface 32 of the engaging surface typically at 24.
- These may be crossing rods and the height of the upwardly open U-shape slots both at 33 and in a centre raised portion at 34, are of sufficient height so as to support first rods in one direction, and then second rods in a crossing direction lying above the first rod.
- Fig.10 Such an arrangement is best illustrated in Fig.10, in which the rods are shown at 35 and 36, although the spacer in this case does not have such high sides for its open U-shape slot.
- the rods fit closely in the width of the slot and therefore secure the spacers collectively tightly together. This securing effect is assisted where the rods cross over and the spacers then become tightly locked together.
- the diagonal frame members 31 which define a cruciform shape provide for cross bracing, and also because of their general thickness, provide substantial support for such reinforcing rods.
- the members 31 are raised so as to be significantly above any ground supporting level so as to allow firstly for concrete to pass fully beneath such frame members, and also to ensure an effectively continuous thickness which will effectively resist localised fracturing under stress conditions and therefore resist capillary water egress to the metallic reinforcing rods.
- the spacer 37 as illustrated in Fig.4, and also illustrated in Fig.1, is similar to the spacer 22 except that it has one side at 38 adapted to engage against perimeter form work only, thereby leaving only two right-angularly re-entrant shaped pads at 39 and 40, to engage against both sides adjoining a corner of the respective boxes 1.
- the bottom- most edges typically at 41 and 42, are adapted to sit on the same level surface that the boxes 1 are adapted to sit on, and the frame elements 43 and 44 are all located well above such ground support to allow for concrete to flow fully beneath these and of such thickness to provide adequate support for openly upward U-shape slots 45 to the side and 46 at the centre.
- Fig.5 illustrates a spacer 47 which has the same fundamental elements of the previous spacer, but in this case has only one right-angularly re-entrant pad 48, the remaining outer engaging surfaces at 49 and 50 are adapted to engage against the inner sides of form work such as at 2 and 3 in Fig.1, and to also rest on the lowermost ground level surface so that frame members 50 and 51 are supported well above the ground surface.
- a spacer 52 which does not engage any corners of the boxes but includes two sides 53 and 54 each of the sides being of substantial area so as to provide substantial bearing surface against the sides of a respective box 1 but in each case, frame members 55, 56 and 57 are all located so as to be well above lowermost support level 58 and 59 so that concrete can pass fully, and be continuous below the respective frame members 55, 56 and 57 which in turn provides for reinforcing at such positions at 60, 61 and 62.
- the slots 63 and 64 are generally superfluous except for reducing the total quantity of plastic necessary in respect of each of these spacers which are in each case manufactured by injection moulding from an appropriate plastics material such as polypropylene.
- a spacer 70 which acts to maintain the relative spaced relationshp of boxes 1 when located one above the other. This is achieved by having engaging faces 71 and 72 engaging against both sides typically at 73 and 74 of a box 1, and there being a spike 75 and a spike 76 located so as to pierce through the respective top and bottoms at the corner position of the respective boxes 1. These, thereby, positively locate and capture the respective boxes and hold them in a relative position one with respect to the other.
- the method of using the elements described is to prepare ground as level, surround this with perimeter form work 2, 3 and then locate sequentially, a variety of spacers as appropriate and then boxes 1 so that these extend fully across the defined area. Boxes of different overall shape and area may be used if the defined area is not appropriately covered by the shapes described.
- spacers have been described as being formed of plastic, these may be made from other compatible materials, such as steel sheet, which may be cut and folded into an appropriate shape.
Claims (11)
- Ein Abstandshalter (22) in einer Verschalung für ein Gebäudefundament, wo eine Mehrzahl von Kästen im Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind und zwischen sich Kanäle bilden, wobei der Abstandshalter (22) diagonale Rahmenteile (31) aufweist, welche in Draufsicht eine Kreuzform definieren mit für eine Aufnahme geformten Taschen (24a, 25a) an den Enden hiervon, wobei eine erste der für eine Aufnahme geformten Taschen (24a, 25a) vorgesehen ist, mit benachbarten Seiten an einer Ecke eines ersten Kastens in Anlage zu geraten, wohingegen zur gleichen Zeit eine zweite der für eine Aufnahme geformten Taschen ausgelegt ist, mit benachbarten Seiten einer Ecke eines zweiten Kastens benachbart des ersten Kastens in Anlage zu geraten,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Abstandshalter (22) quadrat- oder rechteckförmig in Draufsicht ist derart, daß die ersten und zweiten für eine Aufnahme geformten Taschen an Ecken des Abstandshalters (22) liegen und die quadrat- oder rechteckförmige Formgebung des Abstandshalters (22) aus wenigstens einem zusätzlichen Rahmenteil (30) gebildet ist, welche sich zwischen den ersten und zweiten für eine Aufnahme geformten Taschen erstreckt und eine laterale Stütze hierfür schafft; und
daß der Abstandshalter einen sich nach oben erstreckenden mittig ausgerichteten Teil mit einem nach oben offenen U-förmigen Schlitz (34) darin aufweist, der ausgelegt ist, eine Verstärkungsstange (35, 36) aufzunehmen und zu halten und weiterhin dadurch,
daß die diagonalen Rahmenteile (31) und das oder jedes der zusätzlichen Rahmenteile (30) eine untere Oberfläche aufweisen, welche oberhalb einer unteren Kante (26) der für eine Aufnahme geformten Taschen in einer derartigen Höhenlage angeordnet ist, daß Beton frei unter die Rahmenteile (30, 31) fließen kann. - Ein Abstandshalter nach Anspruch 1, worin der Abstandshalter (22) von in Draufsicht rechteckförmiger Form vier für eine Aufnahme geformte Taschen aufweist, welche vorgesehen sind, entsprechend benachbarte Seiten einer Ecke von jeweils vier benachbarten Kästen zu berühren.
- Ein Abstandshalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, der aus Kunststoffmaterial gegossen ist.
- Eine Verschalung für ein Gehäusefundament mit einer Mehrzahl von Kästen (1), welche auf einer Stützoberfläche angeordnet sind und voneinander getrennt sind, um Kanäle (4) zwischen einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten hiervon zu bilden, indem Abstandshalter (22) zwischen den Kanälen (4) zwischen den Kästen (1) angeordnet sind, wobei jeder der Abstandshalter (22) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ausgebildet ist.
- Eine verschalung nach Anspruch 4, worin jeder der Kästen (1) vertikale Verstärkungstrennwände (20) in sich aufweist.
- Eine Verschalung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, bei der die Kästen jeweils aus Karton gefertigt sind.
- Eine Verschalung nach Anspruch 5 und 6, bei der jeder der Kästen (1) vier Seiten, eine Oberseite und eine Unterseite hat und die verstärkenden Trennwände (20) aus ebenen Kartonstreifen bestehen, welche sich von der Bodenseite zur Oberseite des jeweiligen Kastens (1) und von einer Seite zur gegenüberliegend Seite des Kastens (1) in überkreuzender und ineinandergreifender Beziehung erstrecken.
- Eine Verschalung noch einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, worin wenigstens ein Kasten oberhalb eines anderen Kastens angeordnet ist und ein verbindender Abstandshalter (71) benachbarte Seiten an einer Ecke des untersten Kastens berührt und benachbarte Seiten der darüberliegenden Ecke des zweiten der Kästen, der oberhalb des untersten Kastens ist, berührt.
- Eine Verschalung nach Anspruch 8, worin der verbindende Abstandshalter (71) zwei Zapfen (75, 76) beinhaltet, von denen ein erster mit einer der übereinanderliegenden Kästen (1) und ein zweiter mit dem anderen der übereinanderliegenden Kästen (1) in Eingriff ist, um die Eingriffsoberflächen der Abstandshalter gegenüber den entsprechenden Seiten der jeweiligen Kästen festzulegen.
- Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verschalung für das Gießen des Fundamentes eines Gehäuses, bei dem eine Mehrzahl von Kästen innerhalb eines Kastenanordnungsbereiches und über einen wesentlichen Oberflächenbereich einer Stützoberfläche angeordnet ist und voneinander im Abstand ist, um Kanäle (4) zwischen einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Kästen (1) zu bilden und wobei Abstandshalter (22) innerhalb der entsprechenden Kanäle (4) derart angeordnet sind, daß jeder Abstandshalter benachbarte Seiten einer Ecke eines ersten Kastens und zur gleichen Zeit benachbarte Seiten einer Ecke eines zweiten Kastens benachbart des ersten Kastens berührt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jeder Abstandshalter (22) gemäß Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 gefertigt ist und daß Verstärkungsstangen (35, 36) in die Kanäle (4) so eingelegt sind, daß sie in den U-förmigen Schlitzen (34) der sich nach oben erstreckenden Teile der Abstandshalter liegen. - Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verschalung nach Anspruch 10, worin jeder der Kästen aus Karton gefertigt ist.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87309345T ATE68222T1 (de) | 1986-10-23 | 1987-10-22 | Fundamentschalungen von gebaeuden. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU8650/86 | 1986-10-23 | ||
AUPH865086 | 1986-10-23 | ||
AUPH991587 | 1987-01-16 | ||
AU9915/87 | 1987-01-16 | ||
AU1931/87 | 1987-05-15 | ||
AUPI193187 | 1987-05-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0265262A1 EP0265262A1 (de) | 1988-04-27 |
EP0265262B1 true EP0265262B1 (de) | 1991-10-09 |
Family
ID=27157330
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87309345A Expired EP0265262B1 (de) | 1986-10-23 | 1987-10-22 | Fundamentschalungen von Gebäuden |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0265262B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE68222T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1294144C (de) |
DE (1) | DE3773609D1 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3003552T3 (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ222206A (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10066404B2 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2018-09-04 | Fabio Parodi | Method and apparatus for forming a formwork for a concrete slab |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9301889D0 (en) * | 1993-01-30 | 1993-03-17 | Roxbury Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the erection of building structures |
AU778630B2 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2004-12-16 | Rmax | A formwork component |
GB2389842A (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-24 | Andrew Hawke | Device for aligning and securing stacked boxes or containers |
ITTO20060879A1 (it) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-13 | Pontarolo Engineering Spa | Unita' per la costruzione di solette a cialda. |
DE102008001170A1 (de) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-15 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Anschlagkörper für Betonschalungen |
WO2022038458A1 (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-02-24 | Aliabadi Farahani Mansoor | Concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joist, including permanent filler components and implementation process |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR371049A (fr) * | 1905-11-04 | 1907-02-25 | Artur Buella | Plafond à caissons, en béton |
US3238278A (en) * | 1962-01-15 | 1966-03-01 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Method of forming a structural unit |
US3624978A (en) * | 1969-09-25 | 1971-12-07 | Mono Inc | Monolithic structural member for foundation or ceiling system |
IL40245A0 (en) * | 1971-09-20 | 1972-10-29 | Co Data Corp | Building construction |
GB1407699A (en) * | 1972-06-27 | 1975-09-24 | P E Products Netherton Ltd | Location members for blocks of building structures |
IL56316A (en) * | 1978-01-06 | 1980-11-30 | Lionel Leonard | Boxes |
-
1987
- 1987-10-19 NZ NZ222206A patent/NZ222206A/xx unknown
- 1987-10-21 CA CA000549855A patent/CA1294144C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-22 DE DE8787309345T patent/DE3773609D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-22 AT AT87309345T patent/ATE68222T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-22 EP EP87309345A patent/EP0265262B1/de not_active Expired
-
1992
- 1992-01-09 GR GR920400010T patent/GR3003552T3/el unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10066404B2 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2018-09-04 | Fabio Parodi | Method and apparatus for forming a formwork for a concrete slab |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ222206A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
ATE68222T1 (de) | 1991-10-15 |
CA1294144C (en) | 1992-01-14 |
GR3003552T3 (de) | 1993-03-16 |
EP0265262A1 (de) | 1988-04-27 |
DE3773609D1 (de) | 1991-11-14 |
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