WO2022038458A1 - Concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joist, including permanent filler components and implementation process - Google Patents

Abstract

Concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists includes permanent filler components and the implementation process, a lightweight structural concrete roof with durable filler components and its implementation process. The main components of this roof are as follows: reinforcement, filler block, fixers and concrete. The method of settlement and design of these components has been selected according to accurate computer modeling, and testing of multiple samples. In this method, the reinforcement is divided into two or more parts and placed in layers in the appropriate place. Filler blocks are produced and used, in one or more pieces, in the form of solid, or hollow in any shape, size and with any material. This is provided that the heeled section of the concrete is produced. Fixers are used to hold the reinforcements and filler blocks in place, but they are not always required.

Description

Description

Title of Invention: CONCRETE ROOF WITH ORTHOGONAL HEELED JOIST, INCLUDING PERMANENT FILLER COMPONENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

[0001 ] This Application is filed and provided based on a local Application, at IRAN'S Islamic Republic of Iran Intellectual Property Center

[0002] No. 139650140003004579 dated on August 17, 2020.

Technical Field

[0003] The claimed invention is a type of waffle roof with permanent filler components and has a method for execution, in relation to the technical field of civil engineering.

Background Art

[0004] The roof is called the upper level of a room or a structure. In single-storey buildings, the roof is used to protect from sunlight, cold, rain and snow, and in multi-storey buildings, in addition, the roof is used to separate the floors from each other, i.e. the roof is considered for another floor. Types of roofs are as follows: movable roof, need ceiling, barrel-vault, composite, concrete slab, chromite composite, joists and blocks, LCP roof, Chromite joists and blocks, metal deck, U Boot roof, light roof and waffle roof and etc.

[0005] Various roof systems are used in the construction industry. Each of these systems has its advantages and disadvantages, while a relatively large share of the prime cost belongs to the roof of a building. Building designers have developed and implemented a variety of systems to make them more economical, including saving on concrete and steel, reducing or eliminating mold, improving construction methods, and improving the quality of construction. In general, a waffle roof is one of the most desirable types of roofs, in terms of performance and technique. In recent years, many improvements have been made to address some of the problems of waffle roof implementation. For example, using permanent molds instead of temporary molds, facilitates execution and eliminates the difficulty of unmolding. However, even in these methods, heelless cross-section is still used, which heelless cross-section has poor structural performance in bending, especially in negative bending areas. It is i as if the lower wing of the l-shaped joist has been removed due to executive restrictions. In the studies conducted, the following items were reviewed and tested:

[0006] D1 : US20100229494

[0007] D2: FR2507229

[0008] D3: WO201 1073731

[0009] D4: WO2013186698

[0010] The differences:

[0011 ] Consider and specify space to create directional heels

[0012] More structural strength

[0013] Prevent the release of the filler block

[0014] Involvement of more components

[0015] Use of fixers and changes in permanent filler components

Summary of Invention

[0016] Concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists includes permanent filler components and the implementation process, a lightweight structural concrete roof with durable filler components and its implementation process. Through this roof, the defects and weaknesses of waffle roofs are eliminated and completed. The main components of this roof are as follows: reinforcement, filler block, fixers and concrete. The method of settlement and design of these components has been selected according to accurate computer modeling, and testing of multiple samples. In this method, the reinforcement is divided into two or more parts and placed in layers in the appropriate place. Filler blocks are produced and used, in one or more pieces, in the form of solid, or hollow in any shape, size and with any material. This is provided that the heeled section of the concrete is produced. Fixers are used to hold the reinforcements and filler blocks in place, but they are not always required. The purpose of this invention is to determine the space for creating a heel in concrete for the following purposes: more structural strength, preventing the release of the filler block, greater involvement of components and increasing gravity and seismic resistance. Technical Problem

[0017] Problems with current waffle ceilings include:

[0018] Implementation problems in molding and unmolding

[0019] Mandatory to create a structural form without heels due to limitations in the implementation of conventional waffle roof

[0020] Limited efficiency of bending roof in sections without heels

[0021] Computational constraints in controlling deflection and vibration in sections without heel, etc.

Solution to Problem

[0022] Concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists includes permanent filling components and implementation process is a type of lightweight structural concrete roof with durable filling components and its implementation process. Through this roof, the defects and weaknesses of waffle roofs are eliminated and completed. Concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists, including permanent filler components, is a way to implement light and high-durability roofs, which by solving the problems in previous waffle roofs, provides the possibility of implementation with higher quality and efficiency by creating a suitable cross section. Concrete roofs with orthogonal heeled joists include permanent filler components that can be briefly called "Flat heeled waffle roof". This type of waffle roof, is consists of the main components of reinforcement, filler blocks, fixers and concrete. The method of placement and design of each of these components has been selected according to accurate computer modeling and testing of various samples. The reinforcement can be divided into two or more parts, and placed in layers in the appropriate place. Filler block can be produced and used in one or more pieces in solid or hollow form with any materials. Fixers are used to hold the reinforcements and Filler blocks are used in the right position but their presence is not always required. As a result, using each combination of these ingredients requires a different implementation method. In this type of roof, being flat means a smooth, uniform and level surface below and above the roof and being heeled means creating a heeled-shaped space in the structural part of orthogonal joists, which is formed by the filler block and is created after concreting. Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0023] Improvement in bending capacity, deflection and vibration of the roof

[0024] Better performance in negative bending areas

[0025] Lighter and more affordable

[0026] Providing the possibility of creating different heeled forms

[0027] Moment of inertia above the ceiling

[0028] More rigidity and solidity against vibration

[0029] Suitable sound and heat insulation

[0030] Fire resistant compared to temporary mold waffles

[0031 ] Using the best structural shape for roof elements

[0032] No need for unmolding due to the use of Permanent filler blocks

[0033] Possibility to eliminate the false ceiling

[0034] Possibility of combining slab with cable

[0035] Eliminating the architectural constraints

[0036] Reducing the implement errors

[0037] No limitations in the spans

[0038] Single stage concreting

[0039] Suitable seismic resistance

[0040] Irregular column placing

[0041 ] Significant reduction in the dead load

[0042] Using the best structural shape for roof elements

[0043] Completely local and modern technology

[0044] Very easy and fast to implement

Brief Description of Drawings

Fig.1

[0045] [Fig.1 ] Implementation of concrete roof components through orthogonal heeled joists with two-piece filler block Fig.2

[0046] [Fig.2] Implementation of concrete roof components through orthogonal heeled joists with one-piece filler block (solid)

Fig.3

[0047] [Fig.3] Vertical cut of concrete roof with solid orthogonal heeled joist on a flat mold

Fig.4

[0048] [Fig.4] Two-piece filler block (bottom and top)

Fig.5

[0049] [Fig.5] Several examples of different shapes of concrete heeled sections

Fig.6

[0050] [Fig.6] An example of a top reinforcement bed tool

Description of Embodiments

[0051] (According to Drawings 2 and 3) Arrangement of layers from the floor: (111 ), Solid filler block (102), Spacer (104), Lower reinforcement (103). Upper reinforcement bed tools (116), Upper reinforcement (101) and finally concrete, (112). As mentioned, the filler block can be one or more pieces, (According to the Drawing) 4; where two pieces of a filler block (upper and lower filler block) are displayed: The interconnected components of an upper filler block are: The upper part of the filler block 9105); knob of the top layer of the filler block (106); hole of the top layer of the filler block (107); And the middle part of the filler block; (108); And the interconnected components of a lower filler block are as follows: The lower part of the filler block (109); And the bottom layer of the filler block (110); As a result, if the filler block is in two pieces; The arrangement of the layers from the floor before concreting is as follows (According to the Drawingl ): Flat floor mold (111 ); Lower filler block (115); Spacer (104); Lower reinforcement (103); Upper filler block (114); Upper reinforcement bed tools (116); And upper reinforcement (101 ). (According to the Drawing 5) where the cross section of the concrete heel is specified, any change in the dimensions and shape of the filler block will change the shape of the heeled cross-section, but this change must be such that the heeled cross-section can retain its shape in any way. Changes in the dimensions and shape of the upper part of the filler block (105); the middle part of the filler block, (108); The lower part of the filler block; (109); And the bottom layer of the filler block (110), cause changes in the shape of the heeled cross section like the examples shown or any other shape. One-piece (solid) filler block, (102), can be divided into upper filler block (114) and lower filler block (115) or any number of other components. Fixers include spacer (104) And upper reinforcement bed tools (116) and also their appearance, material, dimensions and location can be different, or e part of a one-piece filler block (102). In addition, upper reinforcement bed tools (116) is located on the top layer of the filler block. The top layer of the filler block can include the protrusion of the top layer of the filler block (106) and the hole of the top layer of the filler block (107) in various designs and shapes, or it can be completely flat. According to drawings: )2 and 3) to implement a concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists, includes the permanent filler components with a one-piece; (solid) filler block must be as follows. First, the entire roof is molded with a flat floor mold (111 ). then, the spacer (104) on the molds and a one-piece filler block (102) are arranged on the floor at regular spaces, then bottom reinforcements are fastened (103) on the spacer (104) and on the filler block (102). The spacer (104) functions is to maintain the horizontal distance between the filler block (102) and the distance between the lower reinforcements (103) and the flat floor mold (111 ). The surface on the one-piece filler block (102) in the specified locations of the upper reinforcement bed tool (116) and then place the upper reinforcement (106) on them, so that the reinforcement does not damage the one-piece filler block (102). By placing the permanent filler components in its place, the possibility of their movements is eliminated and concreting can be done on the whole surface.

Examples

[0052] Implementation of concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists, which includes permanent filler components and two-piece filler block, is as follows: First, the entire roof is molded by a flat floor mold. Then, on the molds and according to the order of the layers, the spacer and the lower filling block are placed, at certain spaces on the floor, respectively. After that, the lower reinforcements are placed on the spacer and between the lower filling blocks. The spacer is responsible for maintaining the horizontal distance between the lower filler block and the distance between the lower reinforcement and the flat floor mold. Then the upper filler blocks are placed on them, from the middle part of the filler block. After that, the upper reinforcement bed tool is placed on the protrusion of the upper layer of the filler block, and the upper reinforcement is placed in a suitable place, on the upper reinforcement bed tool and thus, concreting is done. Then, the surface of the roof, after concreting, is smooth and uniform in the usual way. The use of upper reinforcement bed tools on the protrusion of the top layer of the filler block is not mandatory.

Industrial Applicability

[0053] This invention is a type of flat waffle roof that has a high durability for the implementation of light structural roofs for all types of long and medium openings. In addition, this invention is used in the implementation of the roof of different places, with high efficiency and resistance, and it is possible to eliminate the false ceiling.

Reference Signs List

[0054] 101 - Upper reinforcement

[0055] 102 - one-piece (solid) filler blocks

[0056] 103 - lower reinforcement

[0057] 104 - spacers

[0058] 105 - upper part of the filler block

[0059] 106 - top Protrusion of filler block layer

[0060] 107 - recesses in the top layer of the filler block

[0061] 108 - middle part of the filler block

[0062] 109 - lower part of the filler block

[0063] 110 - Bottom layers of filler block

[0064] 111 - flat floor mold

[0065] 112 - Concrete [0066] 114 - upper filling blocks

[0067] 115 - lower filling blocks

[0068] 116 - Upper reinforcement bed tools

Claims

Claims

[Claim 1] Concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists includes permanent filling components and implementation process. In principle, it is a type of lightweight structural concrete roof, with durable filling components. Its implementation process that complements it and eliminates the disadvantages of existing waffle roofs. However, this is possible by creating a suitable concrete heeled cross section. Each concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists includes the following permanent filler components: 1 . Reinforcement, 2. Filler blocks, 3. Fixers and .4 Concrete.

[Claim 2] According to claim 1 , the reinforcement can be divided into two or more parts, and placed in the appropriate place in layers.

[Claim 3] According to claim 1 , the filler block can be produced and used, in the form of one or more pieces, in the form of solid or hollow and with any material or shape that can create the heel or does not create it.

[Claim 4] According to claim 3, solid filler blocks can be divided into upper and lower filler blocks. The interconnected components of an upper filling block are as following: the upper part of the filling block, the protrusion of the top layer of the filling block, the recess of the top layer of the filling block and the middle part of the filling block. In addition, the interconnected components of a bottom filler block are: the bottom of the filler block and the bottom layer of the filler block.

[Claim 5] According to claim 3, the top layer of the filler block can contain protrusions and recess in various designs and shapes, or it can be completely smooth.

[Claim 6] According to claim 1 , the fixers include the spacer and the upper bed reinforcement tool, and their appearance, material, dimensions, and location can be different or be part of the filler block, or even are not fully used.

[Claim 7] According to claim 6, the spacer is responsible for maintaining the horizontal distance between the filler block and the distance between the lower reinforcements and the flat floor mold.

9

[Claim 8] According to claim 6, the upper reinforcement bed tool is in the right position to hold the upper reinforcement on the filler block, but it is not necessary to use. It is located on the top layer of the filler block.

[Claim 9] According to claim 1 , concrete roof components with orthogonal heeled joists consist of permanent filler components and have a solid filler block as follows: flat floor mold, solid filler block, spacer, lower reinforcement, upper reinforcement bed tool, Upper reinforcement and finally concrete.

[Claim 10] According to claim 1 and 4, in a concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists that consist of permanent filler components with a two-piece filler block, the arrangement of the layers from the floor before concreting is as follows: Flat floor formwork, lower filling block, spacer, lower reinforcement, upper filling block, upper reinforcement bed tools and upper reinforcement.

[Claim 11 ] According to claim 1 and 8, in order to implement a concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joists including permanent filler components with a solid filler block, it must be as follows: First, the whole roof is molded with a flat floor mold, and then on the molds, a spacer and a solid filler block are arranged at specific spaces on the floor. After that, the lower reinforcements are fastened on the spacer and between the filler blocks. The surface is placed on a solid filler block in the specified locations of the upper reinforcement bed tools, and then the upper reinforcement is placed on them, so that the reinforcement does not damage the solid filler block.

[Claim 12] According to claim 4, any change in the dimensions and shape of the filler block, changes the shape of the heeled cross section. In order to preserve the heeled cross section, protection is one of the constraint of this invention. Changes in the dimensions and shape of the upper part of the filler block, the middle part of the filler block, the lower part of the filler block and the lower layer of the filler block, cause a change in the shape of the heeled cross section as shown in the examples.

[Claim 13] According to claim 1 , in the implementation of this type of roof, the concrete used can be of any type of concrete with a mixing plan