CA1294144C - Building foundation form work - Google Patents
Building foundation form workInfo
- Publication number
- CA1294144C CA1294144C CA000549855A CA549855A CA1294144C CA 1294144 C CA1294144 C CA 1294144C CA 000549855 A CA000549855 A CA 000549855A CA 549855 A CA549855 A CA 549855A CA 1294144 C CA1294144 C CA 1294144C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- boxes
- sides
- box
- spacer
- form work
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/168—Spacers connecting parts for reinforcements and spacing the reinforcements from the form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/001—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper stackable
- B65D5/005—Separate or attached stacking elements
- B65D5/006—Separate corner posts and like elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/01—Flat foundations
- E02D27/02—Flat foundations without substantial excavation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/18—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly cast between filling members
- E04B5/21—Cross-ribbed floors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A building foundation form work arrangement in which a plurality of boxes 1 are located on a supporting level surface and are kept apart to leave channels 4 between the boxes 1, and spacers 22 engaging respective sides of each of the corners of the boxes 1 so as to hold these in position against substantial lateral dislodgement forces when concrete is poured into the channels 4.
A building foundation form work arrangement in which a plurality of boxes 1 are located on a supporting level surface and are kept apart to leave channels 4 between the boxes 1, and spacers 22 engaging respective sides of each of the corners of the boxes 1 so as to hold these in position against substantial lateral dislodgement forces when concrete is poured into the channels 4.
Description
This invention relat~s to building foundation form work includin~ a spacer useful in form work, and a rnethod of constructing and using fsrm work for building foundations.
5 The problam ~o which this invention is directed is tha present cost of providing a foundation for a buildin~ which will be sufficiently strong to resist substantially expansive soils.
.
It has been conventional to cut trenches into the ~round and then 10 subsequently pour concrete into thcse, sometimes raising this above the ground by constraining this by above ground form work.
Such work in cutting the trerlches and laying up the form work is extremely labour intensive but furthermore, substantially constrains the style of 15 foundation that is most appropriate for a particular application.
In other words, on many occasions, especially wh~re soil is known to b~ soft or expansive over different seasons, it would perhaps be better to have an integral slab on which the building would sit, but hitherto the cost of this 20 would be equivalently so high as to make it in rnany cases impractical.
It has been previously known to propose lost form work and also to includ~
ractilinear elements within a foundation form work so that concret~ is th0n pour2d over those so that thcy ar~ subsequ2ntly incorporat~d into th0 25 foundation.
Onco again, the problem has b~en the cost of providing such el~ments which have b~en previously propose~ as being constructed of polystyrene foam .
Mor~ r~cently a cardboard box has been proposed which has considerably reduced th~ potQntial cost of this part but there has been a rnajor problem in r8sp~ct of holdin~ such cardboard box~s in relation one to the other in such a way that th3 boxes will retain with ~ufficient integrity their relative position 3 5 espacially during th~ pourin~ of concr0te, and ~econdly such that any means that might be used to hold the boxes in a relativ~ position do not of thems~lves unreasonably reduce the intQgrity of any foundation that is subsequently poured.
S The problem in particular arises because of the inherent ronstructionalcharacteristics of a cardboard box and the extremely high forces ~hat result when concrete is being poured in a channel on one sid~ of a box wher~
there is no equivalent material on tha opposite side of the box.
10 It has algo to be remembered that such side pressure will be aggravated by vibration conventionally used by concrete pourers to ensure remoYal of voids within ~he foundation bein~ poured.
After considerable investiga~ion I have found that cardboard boxes of the 15 type being discussed can be sufficiently h~ld against such lateral pressures if there are means which engage against respectivs sides in the vicinity of the corner of the box.
This is achieved by providing a spacer therefore which ~ngages against 20 both sidas of a corner of a first box, and at the same time against both sides of a corn0r of a second box adjacent th0 first, wh~r~ th0 two boxes define ther~between a channel shape, and ~ccordingly provid~ substantiv~
resistanc~ to such distortional pressur~.
25 The invention ~ccordlngly can be said to resid0 in a building foundation formwork arrangement in which a plurality of cardboard boxes are located on a supporting level surface, and are kept apart to 10ave channels between each sid~ of ~ach of the boxas by spacers within the channels between the boxes, at least one spaccr engagin~ against both sides adjoining a corner of a first 30 box, and at the same timz against both sides adjoining a corner of a secorld box adjacent the ~irst box.
In pref~rencc, the spacsr ~n~ages against both sides adjoining a corner of 0ach of four adjacent boxes ~,vith the corners at a common loca~ion.
In a furth~r form, the invention can reside in the m~thod of pr0paring a form work arrangement for the pouring of a foundation for a buildin0 which comprises the steps of locating within a boxed area and over a substantially level area of supporting surface, a plurality of boxes sach of which are kept 5 apart one from the other to leava channels between the respeetive sides of the boxes, locating within the respective channel shapes a spacer such that the spacer angages against both sides adjoinin~ a corner of a first box, and at the same time against both sides adjoining a corner of a second box adjaoent the first box, ~ffectin~ support within thc channels, on the spacer, of10 a reinforcement rod, and then pouring concrete into $he channels and sver the boxes to offect a building foundation.
One particular problem associated with locating spacers in the manner described is that these in some cases may aggravate a weakness in the 15 structural strength of the foundation ~hus poured.
If for instance a concrete block is iocated midway between respective corners of the same box and this is support~d on the ~round within the channel, and furthcrmore this block has a width which defines the channel 20 width and is used then as a block to support reinforcing rods, thcn it is found that this can result in a localis0d weak~nin~ of the concr~te where th0 foundation eoncr0t0 meets the concrete block mat0rial. If this does fracturel while not structurally necessarily dan~erous, thar0 can r~sult ~ccess of wat~r which throu~h capillary action can r0ach th~ 8~el r0inforcin0 rod or 2 S rods.
This can bc avoided by ~nsuring that concrete for the foundation extends to form an integral portion of concrete below the main body of any spacer. This is achieved by prnvidin~ that aach spac0r while having a substantially large 3 0 outermost engaging surface to bear against the side of a box, non~theiess has frame members which have an IOWQrrnOSt ~dge which are substantiaily abov~ a lowermost ~d~ of such outermost en~aging surface and as such abov~ any supporting ground lev~l surface.
.... .
In this way, much concrete is allow~d to flow and set below such frame members thercby maintaining as much as p~ssible the ~tructural integrity of the concrete.
5 One further problem is the fact that in some oases the founda~ion will be required to be somewhat deeper than might be considered standard It has been found uneconomic to provide boxes which hava substantially different heights as a range.
It has of course been proposed to provide that a conventional shaped box be located one upon the other to provide thereby a double thickness but the problem has been the same a~ hitherto expcrienced, that is, how does one resist sideways pressure when the foundation is being poured.
In respect of this invention, it is proposed that th0re b~ se~uring means locatin~ respective corners of boxes for th~ purposes describsd where on~
of the box~s is IDcated abovs a second box, d~finin~ together coplanar s7des eff~oting a channal between such sides and other such b3xes.
In preferenc~, such s~curing m0ans ~ngage against both sides adjoining a corner of a first box and at the sarne time against both sides adjoining a corner of a sacond box whora the first box is located above but r~stin~ on tha first box.
The invention will ba better understood whan rcferr~d to pr~ferr~d ombodiments which shall now be ciescribed with the assistanc~ of drawings in which :-30 FIG. 1 is a plan view showing ~ typical building foundation form workarrangement incorpsratin~ Ihis invention, FIG. 2 is a partly cut-away and partially opened cardboard box as used in aach of the embodiments, ~i .
12941 ~4 FIG. 3 is a spacer as incorporat0d within channels at a crossin~ ov0r location and where four corners of respective adjacent boxas meet at a common location.
5 FIG. 4 is a spacer adapted to be used wh~re ~No corners meets and there is a Tjunction of the channels as shown in Fig. 1, FIG. 5 illustrates the spacer when used with one corner of a box, 10 FIG. 6 illustrates an arrangement for spacing the box elements apart ~rom corner locations, FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the application of spacers as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, FIG. 8 is a plan view in some ~reater detail of a spacer as in Fig. 3 being used in conjunction with reinforcing rods and 0ngaging against the adjacent sides of the corners of four boxes, FIG. 9 is a persp~ctive drawin~ illustratin~ the manner in which the form work is used and illustrating the teohniqu~ for pouring concrete in channels ~ormed bqtween th~ respectiv~ boxes and over the top of thes0, FIG. 10 illustrates in perspective detail the use of spacers to hold two boxes in adJolning relationship one abovc the oth0r in comb7nation with a ~eneral spacer as in Fis. 3, 30 FIG. 11 is a more ~eneral view as shown in Fi~. 1û, and FIG. 12 is a perspectivs view of a spacer used when the boxes are ~ne above the other as in Figs. 10 and 11.
,~.
R0f~rring in detail to th~ drawings, and in particular Fi~. 1, thsre is shown here a plurality of boxes which ar~ supported on 10v~1 ground and which are surrounded by perimeter form work 2 and 3, the boxes 1 and the perimeter form work 2 all being held in spaced apart r~lationship so as to leave a s plurality of channels 4 between the respective sides 5 of the boxes 1 and of course the perimeter form work 2 and 3.
Each of the boxes 1 in particular as shown in Fig. 2 ar~ comprised of cardboard having an ~xternal surface coated with an appropriate water 10 repellant material such as a wax, but which otherwise comprise cardboard conventionally reinforced with a corrugated layer within each pianar surface, the box 1 including a top 6, a bottom 7 and sides 8, 9, 10 and 11, the sides each defining a flat side and each being arranged to provide in plan, a square shape together with the flat top 6 and ~he flat bDttom 7.
At side 10, this has been open~d out to show a top flap 12, a bottom flap 13 and side flaps 14 and 15.
These are folded over so as to lie on~ against th~ other and to provide 20 mutual reinforcing therefore for th~ sid0 of the box thus formed.
In lika manner, side 11 comprises two ~laps one folded over the other, shown particularly at 16 and 17, and likewise side 8 has two fl~ps 18 and 19.
25 Internally, the box 1 is rsinforced by typical ~ crate type reinforcement which comprises a plurality of transverse memb0rs 20 which interlock with crossing members 21 each of the members 20 and 21 being comprised of corru~ated strengthened cardboard and ~ac'n definln~ a vertical plane extending to immediately b~low the top 6 ~nd above the bottom 7 so as to 30 provide vertical support for ~he top 6.
In like manner, the ~nds butt against the respectivg sides and also provide at least some reinforcing ~tren~thenin~ of these.
J~' ~
Such reinforcemsnt and strengthening is to such an extent that a foundation layer can indeed walk on top of the box and of course it is such that the box~s can resist lateral deformation under the s~ress0s call0d for.
Each of such boxes 1 are located of course so as to leave channels 4 between the respective sides and in accord with this ~mbsciiment, there is provided a spacer 22 which in plan view is of cruciform shape but w h i c h provides at ~our symmetrically located positions a concave shape shown typically at 23 which has outermost engaging faces 24 and 25 which will 10 ~ngage against both sides adjoining a corner of a box 1.
It is of course necessary that there be a relatively significant bearing surfacewhich can engage against an effectivc area of the,side of a cardboard box, and furthermore such that this wiil engage both against an edge at the 15 corner of a box and across the bott~m of the box wher~ th~r~ is also the bottom 7 which also provides additional reinforcing for the box.
Accordingly, ~ngaging surfaces 24 and 25 are of substantial cross-sectional area (each being pr~ferably 5.5 cms. wide and 5.5 cms. hi~h~ ~nd are 2 O adapted with r~spect to the femainins parts of the spac~r 22 to sit with low~rmost ed~0s 26 on th~ same lavel surface ~hat is supporting th0 box 1.
There are of cours0 in r~sp~ct of th0 spaccr 22, tour such arran~m~nts these shcwn further at 27, 2B and 29 and 0ach of thas~ beiny supported in 25 the relativ~ posltion which provides a conc~v~ shape d~finin0 th~ posltioll o~
four corners of respectiv~ adjac0nt box0s by frame ~l~ments 30 and 31.
The respectiv~ frame ~lements 30 ~ach ar~ raised significantly above the ~round level and inde~d hav~ an upper surfac~ which liQs flush with the 30 upper surfaca 3~ of the ~ngaging surfac~ typically at 24.
Midway and extending a~ve such surfac~ l~vel at 32 is an open U-shape at 33 which is adapt0d io captur~ and support reinforcin~ rsds.
There can be crossing rods and the height of the upwardly open lJ-shape slots both at 33 and in the centre raised portion ~t 34, are of sufficient height so as Io indeed support in either way rods in one direction and then second rods in a crossing direction Iying above a first rod.
Such an arrangement is best shown in Fig. 10 in which the rcds are shown at 3~ and 36, although the spacer in this case does nr)t have such high sides for its open U-shape ~lot shape. The rods closely fit the wid~h of the slot and therefore hold the spacers collectively tightly together. This holding effect is10 assisted where the rods crossover and the spacers then becorne tightly locked ~ogether.
The diagonal frame members 31 provide of course cross bracing, and also because of their general thickness will provide substantial support for such 15 reinforcin~ rods, once again however being raised so as to be significantly above any ~round supporting levei so as to allow firstly for concrete to pass fully ben~ath such frame members, and also to ensure an effectively continuous thickness which will eff0ctively resist localised fracturing under stress conditions and therefore resist capillary water 0gress to the metallic 20 rein~orcing rods.
The spacer 37 as shown particularly in Fi~. 4, and also illustrated in Fig. 1, is the same as the spacer 22 ~xcept that it has ona side at 3B adapted ~o engage a~ainst perim0ter forrn work only, th0re~y leavin~ two only concav0 25 portions at 39 and 40 to ~n~age against both sides adjoining a corner of ~hq respective boxes 1, In the same manner, the bottommost 0dgss typically at 41 and 42, ar0 adapted to sit on the same l~vel surface that the boxes 1 are adapted to sit 3 0 on, and the frame elements 43 and 44 are all located well above such ground support to allow for concrete to flow fully beneath ~hese and of such thickness to proYide adsquate support for openly upward U-shape slots 45 tc the side and 46 at the centre.
Fig. 5 in particular shows spacer 47 which has the same fundamental ~lements of the previous spacer but in this case has only one concave part 48, the remainin~ outer enga~ing surfaces at 49 and 5û being adapted to engage agains~ the inner sides of form work such as at 2 and 3 in Fig. 1, and 5 to also rest on the lowermost ground level surface so that frame members 50 and 51 are supported weli above th~ ground surface.
In Fig. 6 there is a spacer 52 whioh is not engaging directly corners of boxes but includes hNo sides 53 and 54 each of the sides being of substantial area 10 so as ~o provide substantial bearing surface against the sides of a respectiv~
box 1 but in each case, frame members 55, 56 and ~7 are all located so as to be well abova lowermost support level 58 and 59 so that concrete oan fully pass and be continuous below the respective frame members 55, 56 and 57 which in turn provides for reinforcing at such positions at 60, 61 and 15 62.
The slots 63 and 64 are generally superfluous axcept for reduclng the total quantity of plastic necessary in respect of each of these spacers which are in ~ach case manufactured by injection moulding ~rom an appr~priate pl~stics 2 o material such as polypropylene.
In the application of the invention to a foundation, it is conv~ntional to further provide ~teel fabric 65 which is support~d by supports 66 resting on the top 6 of abox 1, As shown in Fig. 9, a worker 67 can then st~p on th~ ~abric ~5 ~nd support concrete outlet 68 whcraby concrete 69 is ~f~ctively poured into the various ohannel shapes 4 and across the uppermost surface ov~r the top 6 of ~he various box el~ments 1.
In Figs. 11 and 12 there is a spac~ 70 which acts to maintain the relative spaced relationship of boxes 1 when located one abo~e ~he other, This is achieYQd by having ~ngaging faces 71 and 72 ~ngaging agains~ both sides typically at 74 and 75 of a box 1, and there bein~ a spike 75 and a l o spike 76 located to be pierced through th0 respective top and bottoms at th~
corner position of the respective boxes 1.
These thereby positively locate and capture the respective bo~es and hold S them in a relative position one with respect to the other.
The method of using the elements d~scribed is of course to prepare ground as level, surround this with perimeter form work as at 2 and 3 and then locate sequentially, a vatiety of spacers as appropriate and th~n boxes 1 so 10 that these extend fully across the defined area.
Boxes of differen~ overall shape and area can b~ used if the defined area is not appropriately covered by the shapes describsd.
15 For parts of a building which are to be higher than others, these can then beprovided with a higher foundation part by supp~rting one box upon the other and joining these in the manner described.
While the spacers have been described as being o~ plastic, these ean be 20 made from other compatible materials such as steel sheet which can be cut and folded into an appropriate shape.
This then describes the best method known at the present time of puttlng the invention Into practicc by th0 applicant.
5 The problam ~o which this invention is directed is tha present cost of providing a foundation for a buildin~ which will be sufficiently strong to resist substantially expansive soils.
.
It has been conventional to cut trenches into the ~round and then 10 subsequently pour concrete into thcse, sometimes raising this above the ground by constraining this by above ground form work.
Such work in cutting the trerlches and laying up the form work is extremely labour intensive but furthermore, substantially constrains the style of 15 foundation that is most appropriate for a particular application.
In other words, on many occasions, especially wh~re soil is known to b~ soft or expansive over different seasons, it would perhaps be better to have an integral slab on which the building would sit, but hitherto the cost of this 20 would be equivalently so high as to make it in rnany cases impractical.
It has been previously known to propose lost form work and also to includ~
ractilinear elements within a foundation form work so that concret~ is th0n pour2d over those so that thcy ar~ subsequ2ntly incorporat~d into th0 25 foundation.
Onco again, the problem has b~en the cost of providing such el~ments which have b~en previously propose~ as being constructed of polystyrene foam .
Mor~ r~cently a cardboard box has been proposed which has considerably reduced th~ potQntial cost of this part but there has been a rnajor problem in r8sp~ct of holdin~ such cardboard box~s in relation one to the other in such a way that th3 boxes will retain with ~ufficient integrity their relative position 3 5 espacially during th~ pourin~ of concr0te, and ~econdly such that any means that might be used to hold the boxes in a relativ~ position do not of thems~lves unreasonably reduce the intQgrity of any foundation that is subsequently poured.
S The problem in particular arises because of the inherent ronstructionalcharacteristics of a cardboard box and the extremely high forces ~hat result when concrete is being poured in a channel on one sid~ of a box wher~
there is no equivalent material on tha opposite side of the box.
10 It has algo to be remembered that such side pressure will be aggravated by vibration conventionally used by concrete pourers to ensure remoYal of voids within ~he foundation bein~ poured.
After considerable investiga~ion I have found that cardboard boxes of the 15 type being discussed can be sufficiently h~ld against such lateral pressures if there are means which engage against respectivs sides in the vicinity of the corner of the box.
This is achieved by providing a spacer therefore which ~ngages against 20 both sidas of a corner of a first box, and at the same time against both sides of a corn0r of a second box adjacent th0 first, wh~r~ th0 two boxes define ther~between a channel shape, and ~ccordingly provid~ substantiv~
resistanc~ to such distortional pressur~.
25 The invention ~ccordlngly can be said to resid0 in a building foundation formwork arrangement in which a plurality of cardboard boxes are located on a supporting level surface, and are kept apart to 10ave channels between each sid~ of ~ach of the boxas by spacers within the channels between the boxes, at least one spaccr engagin~ against both sides adjoining a corner of a first 30 box, and at the same timz against both sides adjoining a corner of a secorld box adjacent the ~irst box.
In pref~rencc, the spacsr ~n~ages against both sides adjoining a corner of 0ach of four adjacent boxes ~,vith the corners at a common loca~ion.
In a furth~r form, the invention can reside in the m~thod of pr0paring a form work arrangement for the pouring of a foundation for a buildin0 which comprises the steps of locating within a boxed area and over a substantially level area of supporting surface, a plurality of boxes sach of which are kept 5 apart one from the other to leava channels between the respeetive sides of the boxes, locating within the respective channel shapes a spacer such that the spacer angages against both sides adjoinin~ a corner of a first box, and at the same time against both sides adjoining a corner of a second box adjaoent the first box, ~ffectin~ support within thc channels, on the spacer, of10 a reinforcement rod, and then pouring concrete into $he channels and sver the boxes to offect a building foundation.
One particular problem associated with locating spacers in the manner described is that these in some cases may aggravate a weakness in the 15 structural strength of the foundation ~hus poured.
If for instance a concrete block is iocated midway between respective corners of the same box and this is support~d on the ~round within the channel, and furthcrmore this block has a width which defines the channel 20 width and is used then as a block to support reinforcing rods, thcn it is found that this can result in a localis0d weak~nin~ of the concr~te where th0 foundation eoncr0t0 meets the concrete block mat0rial. If this does fracturel while not structurally necessarily dan~erous, thar0 can r~sult ~ccess of wat~r which throu~h capillary action can r0ach th~ 8~el r0inforcin0 rod or 2 S rods.
This can bc avoided by ~nsuring that concrete for the foundation extends to form an integral portion of concrete below the main body of any spacer. This is achieved by prnvidin~ that aach spac0r while having a substantially large 3 0 outermost engaging surface to bear against the side of a box, non~theiess has frame members which have an IOWQrrnOSt ~dge which are substantiaily abov~ a lowermost ~d~ of such outermost en~aging surface and as such abov~ any supporting ground lev~l surface.
.... .
In this way, much concrete is allow~d to flow and set below such frame members thercby maintaining as much as p~ssible the ~tructural integrity of the concrete.
5 One further problem is the fact that in some oases the founda~ion will be required to be somewhat deeper than might be considered standard It has been found uneconomic to provide boxes which hava substantially different heights as a range.
It has of course been proposed to provide that a conventional shaped box be located one upon the other to provide thereby a double thickness but the problem has been the same a~ hitherto expcrienced, that is, how does one resist sideways pressure when the foundation is being poured.
In respect of this invention, it is proposed that th0re b~ se~uring means locatin~ respective corners of boxes for th~ purposes describsd where on~
of the box~s is IDcated abovs a second box, d~finin~ together coplanar s7des eff~oting a channal between such sides and other such b3xes.
In preferenc~, such s~curing m0ans ~ngage against both sides adjoining a corner of a first box and at the sarne time against both sides adjoining a corner of a sacond box whora the first box is located above but r~stin~ on tha first box.
The invention will ba better understood whan rcferr~d to pr~ferr~d ombodiments which shall now be ciescribed with the assistanc~ of drawings in which :-30 FIG. 1 is a plan view showing ~ typical building foundation form workarrangement incorpsratin~ Ihis invention, FIG. 2 is a partly cut-away and partially opened cardboard box as used in aach of the embodiments, ~i .
12941 ~4 FIG. 3 is a spacer as incorporat0d within channels at a crossin~ ov0r location and where four corners of respective adjacent boxas meet at a common location.
5 FIG. 4 is a spacer adapted to be used wh~re ~No corners meets and there is a Tjunction of the channels as shown in Fig. 1, FIG. 5 illustrates the spacer when used with one corner of a box, 10 FIG. 6 illustrates an arrangement for spacing the box elements apart ~rom corner locations, FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the application of spacers as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, FIG. 8 is a plan view in some ~reater detail of a spacer as in Fig. 3 being used in conjunction with reinforcing rods and 0ngaging against the adjacent sides of the corners of four boxes, FIG. 9 is a persp~ctive drawin~ illustratin~ the manner in which the form work is used and illustrating the teohniqu~ for pouring concrete in channels ~ormed bqtween th~ respectiv~ boxes and over the top of thes0, FIG. 10 illustrates in perspective detail the use of spacers to hold two boxes in adJolning relationship one abovc the oth0r in comb7nation with a ~eneral spacer as in Fis. 3, 30 FIG. 11 is a more ~eneral view as shown in Fi~. 1û, and FIG. 12 is a perspectivs view of a spacer used when the boxes are ~ne above the other as in Figs. 10 and 11.
,~.
R0f~rring in detail to th~ drawings, and in particular Fi~. 1, thsre is shown here a plurality of boxes which ar~ supported on 10v~1 ground and which are surrounded by perimeter form work 2 and 3, the boxes 1 and the perimeter form work 2 all being held in spaced apart r~lationship so as to leave a s plurality of channels 4 between the respective sides 5 of the boxes 1 and of course the perimeter form work 2 and 3.
Each of the boxes 1 in particular as shown in Fig. 2 ar~ comprised of cardboard having an ~xternal surface coated with an appropriate water 10 repellant material such as a wax, but which otherwise comprise cardboard conventionally reinforced with a corrugated layer within each pianar surface, the box 1 including a top 6, a bottom 7 and sides 8, 9, 10 and 11, the sides each defining a flat side and each being arranged to provide in plan, a square shape together with the flat top 6 and ~he flat bDttom 7.
At side 10, this has been open~d out to show a top flap 12, a bottom flap 13 and side flaps 14 and 15.
These are folded over so as to lie on~ against th~ other and to provide 20 mutual reinforcing therefore for th~ sid0 of the box thus formed.
In lika manner, side 11 comprises two ~laps one folded over the other, shown particularly at 16 and 17, and likewise side 8 has two fl~ps 18 and 19.
25 Internally, the box 1 is rsinforced by typical ~ crate type reinforcement which comprises a plurality of transverse memb0rs 20 which interlock with crossing members 21 each of the members 20 and 21 being comprised of corru~ated strengthened cardboard and ~ac'n definln~ a vertical plane extending to immediately b~low the top 6 ~nd above the bottom 7 so as to 30 provide vertical support for ~he top 6.
In like manner, the ~nds butt against the respectivg sides and also provide at least some reinforcing ~tren~thenin~ of these.
J~' ~
Such reinforcemsnt and strengthening is to such an extent that a foundation layer can indeed walk on top of the box and of course it is such that the box~s can resist lateral deformation under the s~ress0s call0d for.
Each of such boxes 1 are located of course so as to leave channels 4 between the respective sides and in accord with this ~mbsciiment, there is provided a spacer 22 which in plan view is of cruciform shape but w h i c h provides at ~our symmetrically located positions a concave shape shown typically at 23 which has outermost engaging faces 24 and 25 which will 10 ~ngage against both sides adjoining a corner of a box 1.
It is of course necessary that there be a relatively significant bearing surfacewhich can engage against an effectivc area of the,side of a cardboard box, and furthermore such that this wiil engage both against an edge at the 15 corner of a box and across the bott~m of the box wher~ th~r~ is also the bottom 7 which also provides additional reinforcing for the box.
Accordingly, ~ngaging surfaces 24 and 25 are of substantial cross-sectional area (each being pr~ferably 5.5 cms. wide and 5.5 cms. hi~h~ ~nd are 2 O adapted with r~spect to the femainins parts of the spac~r 22 to sit with low~rmost ed~0s 26 on th~ same lavel surface ~hat is supporting th0 box 1.
There are of cours0 in r~sp~ct of th0 spaccr 22, tour such arran~m~nts these shcwn further at 27, 2B and 29 and 0ach of thas~ beiny supported in 25 the relativ~ posltion which provides a conc~v~ shape d~finin0 th~ posltioll o~
four corners of respectiv~ adjac0nt box0s by frame ~l~ments 30 and 31.
The respectiv~ frame ~lements 30 ~ach ar~ raised significantly above the ~round level and inde~d hav~ an upper surfac~ which liQs flush with the 30 upper surfaca 3~ of the ~ngaging surfac~ typically at 24.
Midway and extending a~ve such surfac~ l~vel at 32 is an open U-shape at 33 which is adapt0d io captur~ and support reinforcin~ rsds.
There can be crossing rods and the height of the upwardly open lJ-shape slots both at 33 and in the centre raised portion ~t 34, are of sufficient height so as Io indeed support in either way rods in one direction and then second rods in a crossing direction Iying above a first rod.
Such an arrangement is best shown in Fig. 10 in which the rcds are shown at 3~ and 36, although the spacer in this case does nr)t have such high sides for its open U-shape ~lot shape. The rods closely fit the wid~h of the slot and therefore hold the spacers collectively tightly together. This holding effect is10 assisted where the rods crossover and the spacers then becorne tightly locked ~ogether.
The diagonal frame members 31 provide of course cross bracing, and also because of their general thickness will provide substantial support for such 15 reinforcin~ rods, once again however being raised so as to be significantly above any ~round supporting levei so as to allow firstly for concrete to pass fully ben~ath such frame members, and also to ensure an effectively continuous thickness which will eff0ctively resist localised fracturing under stress conditions and therefore resist capillary water 0gress to the metallic 20 rein~orcing rods.
The spacer 37 as shown particularly in Fi~. 4, and also illustrated in Fig. 1, is the same as the spacer 22 ~xcept that it has ona side at 3B adapted ~o engage a~ainst perim0ter forrn work only, th0re~y leavin~ two only concav0 25 portions at 39 and 40 to ~n~age against both sides adjoining a corner of ~hq respective boxes 1, In the same manner, the bottommost 0dgss typically at 41 and 42, ar0 adapted to sit on the same l~vel surface that the boxes 1 are adapted to sit 3 0 on, and the frame elements 43 and 44 are all located well above such ground support to allow for concrete to flow fully beneath ~hese and of such thickness to proYide adsquate support for openly upward U-shape slots 45 tc the side and 46 at the centre.
Fig. 5 in particular shows spacer 47 which has the same fundamental ~lements of the previous spacer but in this case has only one concave part 48, the remainin~ outer enga~ing surfaces at 49 and 5û being adapted to engage agains~ the inner sides of form work such as at 2 and 3 in Fig. 1, and 5 to also rest on the lowermost ground level surface so that frame members 50 and 51 are supported weli above th~ ground surface.
In Fig. 6 there is a spacer 52 whioh is not engaging directly corners of boxes but includes hNo sides 53 and 54 each of the sides being of substantial area 10 so as ~o provide substantial bearing surface against the sides of a respectiv~
box 1 but in each case, frame members 55, 56 and ~7 are all located so as to be well abova lowermost support level 58 and 59 so that concrete oan fully pass and be continuous below the respective frame members 55, 56 and 57 which in turn provides for reinforcing at such positions at 60, 61 and 15 62.
The slots 63 and 64 are generally superfluous axcept for reduclng the total quantity of plastic necessary in respect of each of these spacers which are in ~ach case manufactured by injection moulding ~rom an appr~priate pl~stics 2 o material such as polypropylene.
In the application of the invention to a foundation, it is conv~ntional to further provide ~teel fabric 65 which is support~d by supports 66 resting on the top 6 of abox 1, As shown in Fig. 9, a worker 67 can then st~p on th~ ~abric ~5 ~nd support concrete outlet 68 whcraby concrete 69 is ~f~ctively poured into the various ohannel shapes 4 and across the uppermost surface ov~r the top 6 of ~he various box el~ments 1.
In Figs. 11 and 12 there is a spac~ 70 which acts to maintain the relative spaced relationship of boxes 1 when located one abo~e ~he other, This is achieYQd by having ~ngaging faces 71 and 72 ~ngaging agains~ both sides typically at 74 and 75 of a box 1, and there bein~ a spike 75 and a l o spike 76 located to be pierced through th0 respective top and bottoms at th~
corner position of the respective boxes 1.
These thereby positively locate and capture the respective bo~es and hold S them in a relative position one with respect to the other.
The method of using the elements d~scribed is of course to prepare ground as level, surround this with perimeter form work as at 2 and 3 and then locate sequentially, a vatiety of spacers as appropriate and th~n boxes 1 so 10 that these extend fully across the defined area.
Boxes of differen~ overall shape and area can b~ used if the defined area is not appropriately covered by the shapes describsd.
15 For parts of a building which are to be higher than others, these can then beprovided with a higher foundation part by supp~rting one box upon the other and joining these in the manner described.
While the spacers have been described as being o~ plastic, these ean be 20 made from other compatible materials such as steel sheet which can be cut and folded into an appropriate shape.
This then describes the best method known at the present time of puttlng the invention Into practicc by th0 applicant.
Claims (15)
1. A building foundation form work arrangement comprising:
(a) a plurality of boxes located on a supporting level surface in spaced relationship so as to provide channels between adjacent boxes, each of said boxes having a plurality of vertical sides and corners formed at the intersections of adjacent sides, said channels being formed between adjacent sides of adjacent boxes;
(b) spacers within said channels, between adjacent boxes, each of said spacers including (1) outermost planar surfaces which are adapted to engage the sides of respective adjacent boxes, and (2) frame members for holding said outermost planar surfaces, the lowermost edge of each such frame member being substantially above the lowermost edge of each such outermost planar surface;
(c) said spacers including at least one spacer having a first pair of outermost surfaces engaging against both sides adjoining a corner of a first box and a second pair of outermost surfaces for engaging against both sides adjoining a corner of a second box which is adjacent to said first box.
(a) a plurality of boxes located on a supporting level surface in spaced relationship so as to provide channels between adjacent boxes, each of said boxes having a plurality of vertical sides and corners formed at the intersections of adjacent sides, said channels being formed between adjacent sides of adjacent boxes;
(b) spacers within said channels, between adjacent boxes, each of said spacers including (1) outermost planar surfaces which are adapted to engage the sides of respective adjacent boxes, and (2) frame members for holding said outermost planar surfaces, the lowermost edge of each such frame member being substantially above the lowermost edge of each such outermost planar surface;
(c) said spacers including at least one spacer having a first pair of outermost surfaces engaging against both sides adjoining a corner of a first box and a second pair of outermost surfaces for engaging against both sides adjoining a corner of a second box which is adjacent to said first box.
2. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 1 further characterised in that said boxes are rectangular and said one spacer engages against each of two sides adjoining each of the corners of four adjacent boxes with corners at a common location.
3. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 2 further characterised in that each of the boxes has vertical reinforcing partitions within each of the boxes.
4. A building foundation form work arrangement as in preceding claim 2, further characterised in that the spacer is of a cruciform shape in plan and includes for each of eight sides of the respective boxes, an outermost engaging surface that is planar.
5. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 1 in which the boxes are each of cardboard.
6. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 1 in which each of the boxes has four sides, a top and a bottom, is comprised of cardboard and has extending in crossing interlocking relationship cardboard planar strips acting as vertical reinforcing partitions extending from a bottom of a respective box to a top of a respective box, and each from a first side to an opposite side of the box.
7. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 1 in which the spacer includes means to support and locate a reinforcement rod within a channel.
8. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 7 wherein the means for providing support for a reinforcement rod include a portion of the spacer that has an upwardly open slot.
9. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 1 further characterised in that there is at least one box located above another box and there is a joining spacer engaging against adjacent sides of a corner of a first of the boxes where this is a lowermost box, and against adjacent sides of the corner of a second of the boxes which is above the first of the boxes and wherein the said corner is above the corner of the, first said box.
10. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 9 wherein the joining spacer includes two spikes, a first engaging within a first of the boxes and a second within a second of the boxes so as to hold thereby engaging surfaces against the respective sides of the respective boxes.
11. A building foundation form work arrangement as in claim 1 in which said boxes are cardboard boxes.
12. A spacer for a building foundation form work arrangement wherein a plurality of boxes are located in spaced apart relationship to define therebetween channels, said boxes having a plurality of sides and corners formed at the intersection of adjacent sides, the spacer being characterised by including (1) first outermost planar engaging surfaces adapted to engage against both sides adjoining a corner of a first box, (2) second outermost planar engaging surfaces adapted to engage at the same time against both sides adjoining a corner of a second box adjacent the first box but spaced therefrom, and (3) a frame member extending between said first and second outermost engaging surfaces, said frame member having a lowermost surface which is substantially above a lowermost edge of each of the engaging surfaces such that concrete can extend contiguously beneath said frame member.
13. A spacer as in claim 12 further characterised in that the spacer is of cruciform shape in plan having thereby eight engaging outermost surfaces adapted to engage respectively against both sides of adjoining a corner of each of four adjacent boxes with the corners at a common location.
14. A spacer as in claim 13 further characterised in that there is included an upwardly extending medially positioned part having an upwardly open U-shape slot therein adapted to support and hold a reinforcing rod thereby.
15. A spacer for a building foundation form work arrangement wherein a plurality of boxes are located in spaced apart relationship to define channels therebetween, said boxes having a plurality of sides, and corners formed at the intersection of adjacent sides, the spacer being characterised by including (1) outermost planar surfaces engaging against the sides of respective adjacent boxes, and (2) frame members for holding said outermost planar surfaces, the lowermost edge of each such frame member being substantially above the lowermost edge of each such outermost planar surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU562,334 | 1986-10-23 | ||
| AUPH865086 | 1986-10-23 | ||
| AUPH8650 | 1986-10-23 | ||
| AUPH9915 | 1987-01-16 | ||
| AUPH991587 | 1987-01-16 | ||
| AUPI193187 | 1987-05-15 | ||
| AUPI1931 | 1987-05-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1294144C true CA1294144C (en) | 1992-01-14 |
Family
ID=27157330
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000549855A Expired - Lifetime CA1294144C (en) | 1986-10-23 | 1987-10-21 | Building foundation form work |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0265262B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE68222T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1294144C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3773609D1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3003552T3 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ222206A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10066404B2 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2018-09-04 | Fabio Parodi | Method and apparatus for forming a formwork for a concrete slab |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9301889D0 (en) * | 1993-01-30 | 1993-03-17 | Roxbury Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the erection of building structures |
| AU778630B2 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2004-12-16 | Rmax | A formwork component |
| GB2389842A (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-24 | Andrew Hawke | Device for aligning and securing stacked boxes or containers |
| ITTO20060879A1 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-13 | Pontarolo Engineering Spa | UNIT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PODS INSOLES. |
| DE102008001170A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-15 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Abutment body for concrete formwork |
| WO2022038458A1 (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-02-24 | Aliabadi Farahani Mansoor | Concrete roof with orthogonal heeled joist, including permanent filler components and implementation process |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR371049A (en) * | 1905-11-04 | 1907-02-25 | Artur Buella | Coffered ceiling, concrete |
| US3238278A (en) * | 1962-01-15 | 1966-03-01 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Method of forming a structural unit |
| US3624978A (en) * | 1969-09-25 | 1971-12-07 | Mono Inc | Monolithic structural member for foundation or ceiling system |
| IL40245A0 (en) * | 1971-09-20 | 1972-10-29 | Co Data Corp | Building construction |
| GB1407699A (en) * | 1972-06-27 | 1975-09-24 | P E Products Netherton Ltd | Location members for blocks of building structures |
| IL56316A (en) * | 1978-01-06 | 1980-11-30 | Lionel Leonard | Boxes |
-
1987
- 1987-10-19 NZ NZ222206A patent/NZ222206A/en unknown
- 1987-10-21 CA CA000549855A patent/CA1294144C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-22 AT AT87309345T patent/ATE68222T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-22 DE DE8787309345T patent/DE3773609D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-22 EP EP87309345A patent/EP0265262B1/en not_active Expired
-
1992
- 1992-01-09 GR GR920400010T patent/GR3003552T3/el unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10066404B2 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2018-09-04 | Fabio Parodi | Method and apparatus for forming a formwork for a concrete slab |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ222206A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
| ATE68222T1 (en) | 1991-10-15 |
| EP0265262A1 (en) | 1988-04-27 |
| DE3773609D1 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
| EP0265262B1 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
| GR3003552T3 (en) | 1993-03-16 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |