Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
  • C11D3/3761—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
  • C11D3/225—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin etherified, e.g. CMC
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
  • C11D3/3776—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. lactam

Definitions

• This invention relates to a detergent composition; particularly it relates to a fabric-washing detergent composition having improved colour-care properties.
• dye-transfer-inhibiting compositions which comprise a peroxygen bleach compound, e.g. an organic peroxyacid, combined with rather complex aldehyde or ketone compounds as bleach activators.
• a peroxygen bleach compound e.g. an organic peroxyacid
• aldehyde or ketone compounds rather complex aldehyde or ketone compounds
• compositions having dry-transfer-inhibiting action are also disclosed in EP-A- 0024367 (Unilever) and EP-A-0024368 (Unilever) based on the activation of organic peracids or organic peracid precursors with bromide ions. Still, the main drawback of these compositions is that they too exert a rather strong direct fabric dye bleaching, tending to cause fading of the coloured fabrics.
• EP-A- 0058444 (Unilever) describes washing compositions comprising a bleach system consisting essentially of an organic peracid or an organic peracid precursor in conjunction with a water-soluble iodide salt.
• a bleach system consisting essentially of an organic peracid or an organic peracid precursor in conjunction with a water-soluble iodide salt.
• iodide catalyst There are some snags in the use of iodide catalyst, namely 1) the risk of staining due to iodine formation and 2) the effect of direct fabric dye bleaching.
• EP-A- 0143491 proposes the use of a copper catalyst together with a peracid compound as the bleach system for reducing dye-transfer, and in GB Patent 1 450 234 (Kao Soap) there is disclosed a bleaching detergent composition comprising sodium percarbonate together with polyethyleneglycol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
• compositions of the art are deficient in one way or another and are thus far from ideal for being satisfactory as having real colour-care properties.
• a detergent composition adapted for washing fabrics and having improved colour-care properties comprising a detergent-active material and a detergency builder characterised in that it further includes from 0.3% to 15% by weight of a polymer mixture comprising the following polymeric materials (a), (b) and (c):
• the individual components of the polymer additive system are well known in detergent technology and may have found commercial exploitation. However, the specific combination is especially beneficial in fabric-washing detergent compositions having improved colour-care properties.
• the detergent composition of the invention contains at least one detergent-active material which may be anionic, nonionic or cationic in nature, but mixtures of anionic and nonionic materials are preferred.
• the anionic detergent-active material can be a soap or a non-soap (synthetic) anionic material.
• Anionic detergent-active materials are commercially available and are fully described in the literature, for example in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and II, by Schwartz Perry and Berch.
• Synthetic anionic detergent-active materials useful in the present invention are water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
• suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher (C8-C18) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyl (C9-C20) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C10-C15) benzene sulphonates; especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C8-C18) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl taurine; alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-ole
• Mixtures of anionic compounds may also be used in the detergent compositions.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants include:
• the compound formed by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol generally falls in the range of about 1500 to 1800.
• Such synethetic nonionic detergents are available on the market under the Trade Name of "Pluronic", supplied by Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation.
• the preferred nonionic material or mixtures thereof for use in this invention will have an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) of not more than 10.5, preferably in the range of from 6 to 10, most preferably in the range of 8 to 9.5.
• the composition can contain one or a mixture of more than one nonionic detergent-active materials.
• the mixture can contain one or more nonionic materials having an HLB of more than 10.5, providing the average HLB of the mixture of nonionic materials is not more than 10.5.
• the HLB scale is a known measure of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance in any compound. It is fully defined in the literature, for example in "Nonionic Surfactants", Volume I, edited by M.J. Schick. A method of determining the HLB of a mixture of nonionic materials is also defined in this reference.
• Preferred nonionic materials are the alkoxylate adducts of fatty compounds selected from fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty esters, fatty amides and fatty amines.
• the fatty compound contains at least 10 carbon atoms and the nonionic material contains an average of less than 8 alkylene oxide groups per molecule.
• Alkylene oxide adducts of fatty alcohols useful in the present invention preferably have the general formula: R10 - O - (C n H 2n O) y H wherein R10 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having at least 10 carbon atoms, most preferably from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, y is preferably not more than 10, such as from 0.5 to about 3.5, and n is 2 or 3.
• R10 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having at least 10 carbon atoms, most preferably from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, y is preferably not more than 10, such as from 0.5 to about 3.5, and n is 2 or 3.
• Examples of such materials include Synperonic A3 (ex I.C.I.), which is a C13-C15 alcohol with about three ethylene oxide groups per molecule, and Empilan KB3 (ex Marchon) which is lauric alcohol 3EO.
• Alkylene oxide adducts of fatty acids useful in the present invention preferably have the general formula: R10 - C - O (C n H 2n O) y H, wherein R10, n and y are as given above.
• Suitable examples include ESONAL 0334 (ex Diamond Shamrock), which is a tallow fatty acid with about 2.4 ethylene oxide groups per molecule.
• Alkylene oxide adducts of fatty esters useful in the present invention include adducts of mono-, di- or tri­esters of polyhydric alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; such as coconut or tallow oil (triglyceride) 3EO (ex Stearine Dubois).
• Alkylene oxide adducts of fatty amides useful in the present invention preferably have the general formula: wherein R10 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having at least 10 carbon atoms, most preferably from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, n is 2 or 3 and x and z in total are not more than 4.0, preferably from about 0.5 to about 3.5, while one of x and z can be zero. Examples of such materials include tallow monoethanolamide and diethanolamide, and the corresponding coconut and soya compounds.
• Alkylene oxide adducts of fatty amines useful in the present invention preferably have the general formula: wherein R10 and n are as given above, and x and z in total are preferably not more than 4.0, most preferably from about 0.5 to about 3.5.
• examples of such materials include Ethomeen T12 (tallow amine 2EO, available from AKZO), Optameet PC5 (coconut alkyl amine 5EO) and Crodamet 1.02 (oleylamine 2EO, available from Croda Chemicals).
• Cationic detergent-active materials suitable for use herein include quaternary ammonium surfactants and surfactants of a semi-polar nature, for example amine oxides.
• Amounts of amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds can also be used in the composition of the invention, but this is not normally desired owing to their relatively high cost. If any amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds are used, it is generally in small quantities relative to the much more commonly used anionic and/or nonionic detergent-active compounds.
• the effective amount of the detergent-active compound or compounds used in the composition of the invention will generally be in the range of from 5 to 50% by weight, preferably from 6 to 30% by weight based on the total composition.
• the mixing ratio of anionic to nonionic materials is not very critical and can be varied as desired by the skilled artisan. However, preference here is given to ratios within the range of 4:1 to 1:4, preferably from 2:1 to 1:2.
• the detergent composition according to the invention also contains a detergency builder, which can be an inorganic builder or an organic builder, in an amount generally within the range of from about 5% to about 80%, preferably from 10% to 60% by weight.
• a detergency builder which can be an inorganic builder or an organic builder, in an amount generally within the range of from about 5% to about 80%, preferably from 10% to 60% by weight.
• Examples of phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders when present, include the water-soluble salts, especially alkali metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates and polyphosphates.
• Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphtes, phosphates and hexametaphosphates.
• non-phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders when present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates and crystalline and amorphous alumino silicates. Specific examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite seeds), potassium carbonates, sodium and potassium bicarbonates and silicates.
• organic detergency builders when present, include the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates, polyacetal carboxylates and polyhydroxysylphonates. Specific examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid.
• the alkalimetal carboxymethyl cellulose is preferably the sodium or the potassium salt. All known types can be used, with different degrees of substitution and viscosities. The degree of substitution generally lies between 0.5 and 0.9 and is mostly about 0.7.
• the term "cellulose" as used above is intended to include starch; thus the corresponding alkyl starch ethers and carboxy methyl starches are also suitable. The cellulose-based compounds are however preferred.
• Polymer (b) is a vinyl pyrrolidone polymer.
• polyvinyl pyrrolidone is not a single individual compound but may be obtained in almost any degree of polymerisation.
• the degree of polymerisation which is most easily expressed in terms of average molecular weight, is not critical provided the material has the designed water solubility and soil-suspending power.
• suitable soil-­suspending vinyl pyrrolidone polymers are linear in structure, and have an average molecular weight within the range of about 5,000 to about 350,000, and preferably from about 15,000 to about 50,000.
• Suitable polymers will also, generally, have a water solubility of greater than 0.3% at normal wash temperatures.
• polycarboxylate polymers (c) are disclosed and further characterised in EP-A- 0137669 (Procter & Gamble), the most important members of which are:
• Any polymer of these classes can be chosen as polymer (c) in the polymer additive system, either alone or as mixture, though preference is given to polymers of the classes (i) and (iv).
• compositions of the invention may also contain a peroxyacid compound bleach system which includes the organic peroxyacids per se, organic and inorganic peroxyacid salts and bleach systems or compounds which form organic peroxyacids in aqueous media by perhydrolysis or hydrolysis.
• a peroxyacid compound bleach system which includes the organic peroxyacids per se, organic and inorganic peroxyacid salts and bleach systems or compounds which form organic peroxyacids in aqueous media by perhydrolysis or hydrolysis.
• organic peroxyacids per se usable in the present invention are monoperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxyadipic acid, diperoxydodecanedionic acid, decylbutanediperoxoic acid, monoperoxy phthalic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid and diperoxyisophthalic acid.
• peroxyacid salts usable here include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate, potassium monopersulphate and peroxymonophosphate.
• Examples of compounds which form organic peroxyacids in situ by hydrolysis are benzoyl peroxide, which generates peroxybenzoic acid, and diphthaloyl peroxide which generates monoperoxyphthalic acid.
• These compounds can be used in the composition in amounts from 1 to 25% by weight, preferably from 2 to 10% by weight.
• peroxyacid compound bleach systems comprising a mixture of an inorganic or organic peroxide compound and a peroxyacid bleach precursor. These systems generate peroxyacids in situ from the perhydrolysis reaction between the peroxide compound and the peroxyacid bleach precursor.
• the inorganic or organic peroxide compounds as meant here are the so-called peroxyhydrates and include alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, persilicates and perphosphates and also urea peroxide, which liberate hydrogen perioxide in aqueous solution.
• Preferred peroxide compounds are sodium perborate, which can be in the mono- or tetrahydrate form.
• glycerol triacetate glucose pentaacetate, tetraacetyl xylose, N,N,N ⁇ ,N ⁇ -tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED), tetraacetyl glycoluril, N,N ⁇ -diacetyl acetoxy methyl malonamide, triacetyl cyanurate, sodium acetoxy benzene sulphonate, sodium nonanoyloxy benzene sulphonate and sodium 3,5,5- trimethyl hexanoyloxy benzene sulphonate.
• TAED N,N,N ⁇ ,N ⁇ -tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
• a particularly preferred peroxyacid compound bleach system for use in the present invention is a mixture of sodium perborate and tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED).
• the peroxide compound and the peroxyacid bleach precursor in the compositions of the invention can be used at the usual levels of from about 2 to 30% by weight and from about 0.5 to 20% by weight, respectively, at any ratio by weight of peroxide compound to peroxyacid precursor ranging from about 60:1 to about 1:10.
• Preferred ranges in the composition of the invention are 2-15% by weight of peroxide compound, e.g. sodium perborate, and from 0.5-10% by weight of peroxyacid precursor, e.g. TAED, in a weight ratio of from 5:1 to 1:5, preferably from 3:1 to 1:2.
• peroxide compound e.g. sodium perborate
• peroxyacid precursor e.g. TAED
• Bleach system and the polymer mixture of the invention are important parameters for achieving good colour-care properties. Beneficial effects can be seen already at a polymer mixture level as low as 0.3% which can be increased to about 15% by weight. Generally, however, a polymer mixture level of not more than 10% by weight will be sufficient, with an optimum range of from about 0.6% to 6% by weight.
• detergent compositions formulated according to the invention have the advantage over the compositions of the art in that they show efficient cleaning combined with improved colour-care characteristics.
• the detergent composition according to the invention may further contain any of the conventional additives in amounts in which such materials are normally employed in fabric-washing detergent compositions and which serve to further improve the laundering characteristics and/or add aesthetic appear to the composition.
• these additives include lather boosters, anti-foaming agents, alkaline materials such as sodium silicates, fabric-softening agents, enzymes such as proteolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic enzymes, corrosion inhibitors, inorganic salts, sequestering agents, colouring agents and perfumes, so long as these additives do not adversely influence the basic objective of the invention.
• the composition is free from copper ions or other heavy metal ions of the transition series, e.g. cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium and zinc, which can form coloured reaction products and thereby may negate the benefit of colour-care.
• transition series e.g. cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium and zinc
• the invention omits the use of fluorescent agents or optical bleaching agents, as these additives could change the hue of the original fabric colours.
• the detergent composition of the invention can be manufactured and presented in the form of a powder, including granules, flakes, etc.; liquid; paste; or bar.
• Detergent powder compositions according to the invention can be prepared using any of the conventional manufacturing techniques commonly used or proposed for the preparation of fabric-washing detergent powder compositions. These include slurry-making of the basic ingredients followed by spray-drying or spray-cooling and subsequent dry-dosing of sensitive ingredients not suitable for incorporation prior to the drying or heating step. Other conventional techniques, such as noodling, granulation, dry-mixing, and mixing by fluidisation in a fluidised bed, may be utilised as and when necessary and desired. Such techniques are familiar to those skilled in the art of detergent powder composition manufacture.
• the detergent compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for washing, at lower to medium temperatures, of both cotton and synthetic or mixed cotton/synthetic fabrics.
• compositions were prepared having the formulations set out below:
• compositions of the invention were very good at displaying excellent cleaning and detergency performance across the range of wash temperatures with outstanding colour-care performance on coloured fabrics and mixed loads of coloured and white fabrics. No substantial bleeding of colours was observed and, after several washes, the coloured fabrics remained remarkably bright with no substantial dulling or fading being observed. Comparisons between these compositions and similar compositions in which one or more components of the polymer mixture were absent showed a preference for the compositions of the invention, particularly in terms of soil redeposition.

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• 1986
  • 1986-10-24 GB GB868625475A patent/GB8625475D0/en active Pending
• 1987
  • 1987-10-16 CA CA000549525A patent/CA1290637C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-10-20 AU AU79963/87A patent/AU606359B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1987-10-22 ES ES198787309338T patent/ES2030070T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-10-22 EP EP19870309338 patent/EP0265257B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-10-22 DE DE8787309338T patent/DE3777068D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-10-23 BR BR8705681A patent/BR8705681A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-10-23 ZA ZA877978A patent/ZA877978B/xx unknown
  • 1987-10-23 JP JP62267997A patent/JPH0633413B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-10-24 KR KR1019870011827A patent/KR910005712B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation

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