EP0260178B1 - Druckmaschine für den Druck auf eine konvexe Oberfläche - Google Patents

Druckmaschine für den Druck auf eine konvexe Oberfläche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0260178B1
EP0260178B1 EP87401897A EP87401897A EP0260178B1 EP 0260178 B1 EP0260178 B1 EP 0260178B1 EP 87401897 A EP87401897 A EP 87401897A EP 87401897 A EP87401897 A EP 87401897A EP 0260178 B1 EP0260178 B1 EP 0260178B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
axis
screen
machine according
printing machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87401897A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0260178A1 (de
Inventor
Gilles Marette
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe dExploitation des Machines Dubuit SA
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Societe dExploitation des Machines Dubuit SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0260178A1 publication Critical patent/EP0260178A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F17/00—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for
    • B41F17/08—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for for printing on filamentary or elongated articles, or on articles with cylindrical surfaces
    • B41F17/14—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for for printing on filamentary or elongated articles, or on articles with cylindrical surfaces on articles of finite length
    • B41F17/20—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for for printing on filamentary or elongated articles, or on articles with cylindrical surfaces on articles of finite length on articles of uniform cross-section, e.g. pencils, rulers, resistors
    • B41F17/22—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for for printing on filamentary or elongated articles, or on articles with cylindrical surfaces on articles of finite length on articles of uniform cross-section, e.g. pencils, rulers, resistors by rolling contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F15/00—Screen printers
    • B41F15/08—Machines
    • B41F15/0872—Machines for printing on articles having essentially cylindrical surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a printing machine for printing on a convex surface, in particular on three-dimensional objects; it relates more particularly to a new arrangement allowing screen printing on cylindrical objects with non-circular convex section.
  • a screen printing machine comprises a frame inside which the screen screen is stretched and an inking spatula or squeegee moving on the surface of the screen to apply the ink, through the meshes of said screen. , on an object in contact with the other face of the screen.
  • the mechanism is relatively simple and in particular, the movement to which said object is subjected is reduced to a simple rotation around the axis of the zone to be screen-printed.
  • the mechanism is more complex since the rotation of the object is then accompanied by a displacement of the latter by report to the screen plan.
  • the conveying means which present an object facing the screen are notably complicated by the fact that the position of the support of the object varies.
  • the invention aims to provide a simpler and less expensive mechanism for printing on a convex surface.
  • the basic idea of the invention consists in simplifying the movement to which the object is subjected by making the distance between, on the one hand, the screen printing screen, or more generally the plane printing means concerned in the in the case of the implementation of another printing process, and, on the other hand, the axis of rotation of the object.
  • the subject of the invention is a printing machine for printing on at least one substantially cylindrical convex area of the surface of a three-dimensional object, of the type comprising a movable assembly capable of carrying a planar printing means , for example a screen printing screen, and means for pivoting said object so that said zone remains substantially in the plane of said printing means, characterized in that it comprises means for pivoting said object on itself around an axis of fixed position, that is to say around an axis of rotation whose position is fixed relative to the frame, and means for simultaneously correcting the distance between said printing means and the axis of rotation of said object and such that said printing means remains parallel to itself, so that, although the fixed position of the axis of rotation of the object is kept fixed during the printing of that -this, the distance between the means this axis of rotation is corrected simultaneously.
  • the means for correcting the distance between the printing means and the axis of rotation of the object result from the fact that, in the manner of a deformable parallelogram, the mobile assembly carrying this printing means is mounted articulated between two mechanisms forming rods, of equal length, pivoting around trees, in practice horizontal, respective.
  • the mobile assembly is mounted movable perpendicular to the plane of the printing means, and, by an upright itself, mounted movable parallel to this plane, it is articulated to a crank locked in rotation on the means suitable for rotating about an axis of rotation fixes the object to be printed.
  • the screen or other printing means used is, jointly, the object, due to the mobile assembly which door, of a movement which, transverse to the previous one, gradually brings it closer to the axis of rotation of the object being printed, then moves it away, which ensures the desired distance correction between this means and this object.
  • the axis around which the object rotates during its printing is advantageously fixed relative to the frame.
  • the printing machine according to the invention advantageously easily lends itself to adaptation to the printing of cylindrical objects of convex section with different radii of curvature, as well than that of cylindrical objects of circular section or that of flat objects.
  • the mobile assembly used comprises a guide on which the support of the printing means is slidably mounted, the means for rotating the object to be printed on itself include holding elements of this object mounted to rotate about an axis parallel to the cylindrical zone to be printed of this object, and said support of printing means is subject to follow the direction of a pivoting element having a curvature and a pivot axis representative of the curvature and the pivot axis of said cylindrical area to be printed on said object.
  • the screen printing machine 11 comprises a movable assembly 12 mounted articulated between two mechanisms forming rods 13, themselves pivoting relative to the frame 14 of the machine .
  • This mobile assembly 12 includes a kind of support frame composed of two sliding shafts 16, parallel, and here horizontal, and two uprights 18, here vertical, forming lockable slides.
  • the uprights 18 are supported by yokes 19 themselves articulated to the mechanisms forming connecting rods 13, respectively. However, the position of the yokes 19 along the uprights 18 can be adjusted. More specifically, a screw-nut system, controlled by a crank 22, makes the connection between each upright 18 and the corresponding yoke 19, the latter carrying the corresponding nut. The screw-nut system is controlled at the upper part of each upright 18 by a crank 22 located in the extension of the corresponding screw. The two screw-nut systems of the two parallel uprights 18 are coupled by a chain link, not shown.
  • the two shafts 16 carry a squeegee support 24 and a screen support 25.
  • the squeegee and the screen printing screen fixed to the supports 24 and 25 are conventional sub-assemblies and have not been shown so as not to overload the drawings.
  • the squeegee support 24 is fixed to the shafts 16 while the screen support 25 is capable of sliding along them; these trees therefore form a guide for the screen support 25.
  • the screen support 25 is generally U-shaped and comprises two vertical uprights 28 provided with rings 29 sliding on the shafts 16 and a lower horizontal crosspiece 30 carrying a rack 31.
  • the screen support 25 can move along the same shafts 16 by a certain amplitude, on either side of said squeegee support.
  • Each link forming mechanism 13 is of adjustable useful length and comprises two parallel rods 35,36, rigidly secured to one another by two end spacers 37.
  • a first rod 35 is clamped in a first articulation part 38 integral with a shaft 39, here horizontal, itself mounted rotating in yokes 40 fixed to the frame 14.
  • Bearings 40a are interposed between the yokes 40 and the shaft 39.
  • the assembly of the two rods 35, 36 is oriented with respect to the shaft 39 so that the second rod 36 intersects the geometric axis (P1) of said shaft 39, perpendicular to the latter (see Figures 1 and 2).
  • the lower end of said second rod 36 is integral with a second articulation part 43 (FIG. 3) fixed to the mobile assembly 12 by means of the corresponding yoke 19.
  • said yoke 19 is articulated to a horizontal pin 41 (of axis P2) itself linked to the second rod 36. It is therefore understandable that when the two mechanisms 18 forming rods are adjusted so that their useful length (i.e. the distance P1, P2 between the geometric axes of the shaft 39 and the journal 41) is the same, the movable assembly 12 to which are fixed both the screen printing screen and the squeegee , is capable of carrying out a controlled pendulum movement, while remaining parallel to itself. As will be seen below, the suitable useful length P1, P2 depends on the object to be screen printed.
  • the pendulum movement is transmitted by a chain 42 in engagement, in particular with two pinions 44 respectively integral with the two shafts 39.
  • the chain 42 is driven from a motor or a jack, by any suitable means (for example by through a cam) capable of imparting to it a back-and-forth movement of desired amplitude.
  • the first rod 35 of a link-forming mechanism 13 is fixed perpendicular to the shaft 39 and laterally with respect thereto, by elastic clamping by means of a part. elastically deformable 45, forming a yoke.
  • the shaft 39 also comprises two coaxial parts 39a, 39b, respectively internal and external.
  • the pinion 44 is integral with the external part 39b in the form of a sleeve, which carries at one of its ends, a pinion 46 in engagement with a rack 35a cut along said first rod 35.
  • the internal part 39a is fixed to an axial stop 49 in contact with the part 45 forming a yoke and capable of tightening it while coming to bear against the neighboring end of the second part 39b of the shaft 39.
  • the rear end of the internal part 39a is threaded and receives a nut 50 bearing on the other end of the external part 39b.
  • the two coaxial parts 39a, 39b and the rod 35 are made rigidly secured, so that the assembly constituted by the rods 35 and 36 can be subjected to a pendulum movement, when the chain 42, engaged with the pinion 44, is driven back and forth.
  • the machine includes means for rotating the object on itself around a chosen axis of this object. Part of these means is visible in Figure 1. It is a horizontal shaft 60 mounted rotating in a fixed structure 61 of the frame 14 and bearing in base 63 shaped to receive one end of the object.
  • the latter (not shown) can be held horizontally in the extension of this base by means of a tailstock or similar equipment (not shown), for example cooperating with a neck if the object is a bottle and if the position of this neck lends itself to this method of attachment; if this is not the case, another base is provided, shaped according to the object, placed opposite the base 63 and mounted rotating around another horizontal shaft, located in the axial extension of the shaft 60 , so that the object can rotate on itself around a fictitious axis crossing it, here a horizontal axis.
  • the convex cylindrical zone to be screen printed of said object has a constant section, perpendicular to the aforementioned fictitious axis and that this section is comparable to an arc of a circle A'A also represented by one edge of the base 63.
  • the only movement communicated to the object is a rotational movement on itself, which greatly simplifies the mechanisms for positioning and maintaining the objects to be screen printed.
  • the object is not a cylindrical object with circular section, its own axis of rotation O, is not confused with the axis O 'of the cylindrical zone AA' to be screen printed.
  • the axis O is chosen to cut, in the plane of the figure, the radius of curvature O'B passing through the center O of the arc A'A correspondent.
  • the axis O is chosen according to this singularity.
  • the object is, for example, a bottle comprising a neck placed in the extension of an axis of symmetry of the object, the axis O will preferably be merged with this axis of symmetry.
  • the screen support 25 is subject to follow the contour of a pivoting element having a curvature and a pivot axis representative of the curvature and of the pivot axis of the aforementioned convex cylindrical zone, shown in the drawings. by the arc A'A.
  • this pivoting element is a fragment of pinion 62 (or a complete pinion) mounted pivoting eccentrically at the end of a horizontal shaft 60a, parallel to the shaft 60.
  • This pinion fragment 62 is in engagement with the rack 31.
  • the average radius of curvature R of the teeth of the pinion fragment 62 is equal to the radius of curvature 0 ′ B, the distance from the center of rotation of this fragment of pinion 62 (the axis of the shaft 60a) at its teeth is equal to the distance OB, etc.
  • the drive chain 42 connecting the two pinions 44 of the shafts 39 passes around a pinion 64 secured to the shaft 60a.
  • the shafts 60 and 60a are coupled in rotation in the same direction, by a gearbox of ratio 1, not shown.
  • the trees 60 and 60a could be confused.
  • the useful length P1, P2 of the link forming mechanisms 13 is adjusted to be substantially equal to the radius of curvature O'B of the zone to be screen-printed, that is to say also to the radius of curvature R of the pinion fragment 62.
  • the pivoting mobile assembly 12 carrying both the squeegee support 24 and the screen support 25 is tilted to the right (considering the drawings) while the fragment of pinion 62 is tilted to the maximum to the left while remaining in engagement with the rack 31.
  • the screen printing is carried out by a pendulum movement from right to left of the assembly 12 until, first, an intermediate position ( Figure 5) where the link rod mechanisms 13 are vertical. It can be seen that the pinion fragment 62 has pivoted clockwise and that the screen support 25 has lowered at the same time as, by sliding on the shafts 16, it has moved towards the straight with respect to the squeegee support 24, which is fixed on them.
  • the object executed the same movement as the fragment of pinion 62 while rolling without sliding on the lower face of the screen while a relative movement between said screen and the squeegee occurred on the upper surface. of the screen, above said object.
  • the machine which has just been described can be used for printing a cylindrical object with circular section. In this case, it suffices to block the mechanisms forming link rods 13 in the position in FIG. 5 and to use a pinion fragment 62 rotating around its geometric axis and with the same radius of curvature as the object.
  • this guide 16 further comprises, parallel to one another, and connecting one to the other the preceding trees when such trees are used, two cross members 71, which each form a sleeve, and by which it is slidably engaged on two columns 72 perpendicular to the plane of the printing means and secured to the frame 14 of the machine.
  • the upright 75 on which this movable assembly 12 ′ is articulated to the crank 77 is also slidably mounted, by a sleeve 76, on the guide 16.
  • crank 77 which has only been shown schematically in broken lines in the figures, its production falling within the skill of the art, is in practice locked in rotation on the shaft 60, which, mounted rotating in a fixed structure of the frame 14, carries a base shaped to receive one end of the object to be printed.
  • roller 78 At its other end, there is provided, between it and the upright 75, a roller 78 suitable for their mutual articulation in 0 '.
  • this roller 78 is adjustable in position, for an adjustment of the distance 00 ′ as a function of the radius of curvature of the area to be printed of the object concerned.
  • roller 78 is carried adjustable in position by a buttonhole mounting on any of the elements that constitute the upright 75 and the crank 77, and it is engaged with a groove provided for this purpose on the other of these elements.
  • the squeegee support associated with the screen support 25 can, moreover, be fixed relative to the upright 75.
  • this second embodiment is similar to the previous one: when, pivoting on itself, for example clockwise, the object to be printed rotates around the fixed axis O, along the arrow F1 of FIG. 7, and that, jointly, the pinion fragment 62 which is in its image, centered on the axis 0 ′, and carried by a shaft 60a, pivots in the same direction, meshing with the rack 31 carried by the lower cross member 30 of the screen support 25, which causes a sliding from left to right of this screen support 25 on the guide 16, along arrow F2, and, together, a sliding, in the direction opposite, of the upright 75 on this same guide 16, there is, first of all, FIG. 7, a progressive lowering of the mobile assembly 12 ′, before, after passing to a low neutral point, FIG. 8, gets up, figure 9.
  • this distance D has been identified between the axis O and the rack 31 in Figures 7 to 9; it goes through a minimum value for the neutral position of figure 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Screen Printers (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Druckmaschine für den Druck auf mindestens eine merklich zylindrisch konvexe Zone (A') der Oberfläche eines dreidimensionalen Körpers der Bauart mit einer beweglichen Baugruppe (12, 12'), die ein ebenes Druckmittel, z.B. eine Siebdruckschablone und Mittel umfaßt, die den Körper derart verschwenken, daß die Zone (AA') merklich in der Ebene des Druckmittels verbleibt, gekennzeichnet durch, Mittel (60), um den Körper um eine bezüglich des Maschinenrahmens (14) ortsfeste Achse um sich selbst drehen zu lassen, und Mittel (13, 16-72), um gleichzeitig den Abstand zwischen dem Druckmittel und der Körperrotationsachse derart auszugleichen, daß das Druckmittel zu sich selbst parallel bleibt, wobei der Abstand zwischen dem Druckmittel und der Rotationsachse gleichzeitig korrigiert wird, während die ortsfeste Position der Rotationsachse des Körpers während seines Bedruckens erhalten bleibt.
2. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bewegliche Baugruppe (12) gelenkig zwischen zwei Teilen aufgehängt ist, die Schwingarme (13) gleicher Länge aufweisen, wobei diese um zueinander parallele Wellen (39) schwenkbar sind.
3. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bewegliche Baugruppe (12') beweglich lotrecht zur Ebene des Druckmittels angeordnet ist und daß diese schwenkbar um Stütze (75), welche selbst parallel zu dieser Ebene verschieblich angeordnet ist, drehbar an eine Kurbel (77) angelenkt ist, die in der Drehbewegung durch die Mittel (60) festgelegt sind, die den zu bedruckenden Körper um eine feststehende Rotationsachse verschwenken.
4. Druckmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bewegliche Baugruppe (12, 12') eine Führung (16) umfaßt, auf der eine Tragkonstruktion für das Druckmittel oder die Druckschablone (25) gleitend geführt ist, und Mittel, um den Körper um sich selbst zu verschwenken mit Halteelementen (63) für den Körper, die um eine Achse (0) parallel zur zylindrisch konvexen Zone (AA') des Körpers drehbar angeordnet sind und daß die Tragkonstruktion des Druckmittels oder der Druckschablone (25) zwangsweise der Kontur eines Schwenkelements (62) folgen muß, welches eine Krümmung und eine Schwenkachse entsprechend zur Krümmung und zur Schwenkachse der zylindrisch konvexen Zone (AA') des Körpers aufweist.
5. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tragkonstruktion des Druckmittels oder der Druckschablone (25) eine Zahnstange (31) aufweist und daß das Schwenkelement (62) ein Ritzel oder ein Teil eines Ritzels (62) ist, welches schwenkbar exzentrisch angeordnet ist, dessen Krümmung und dessen exzentrisch angeordnete Schwenkachse der Krümmung und der Schwenkachse der zylindrisch konvexen Zone (AA') des Körpers entspricht.
6. Druckmaschine nach den Ansprüchen 2 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genutzte Länge (P1, P2) der Teile, die die Schwingen (13) bilden, ungefähr den Krümmungsradius (R) des Ritzels oder des Ritzelausschnitts (62) entsprechen.
7. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teile, welche die Schwingarme (13) bilden, in ihrer Länge verstellbar sind, um sie an unterschiedliche Krümmungsdurchmesser des Ritzels oder des Ritzelausschnitts (62) anzupassen.
8. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Teil, welches einen Schwingarm (13) bildet, zwei Wellen (35, 36) umfaßt, die durch zwei außenliegende Stege (37) parallel starr miteinander verbunden sind, wobei eine erste Welle in ein erstes Drehteil geklemmt ist, welche jeweils am Ende der entsprechenden Welle (39) drehbar angeordnet ist, wobei die Baugruppe aus den beiden Wellen derart ausgerichtet ist, daß die zweite Welle (36) die geometrische Achse (P1) der Welle (39) lotrecht zu dieser schneidet und wobei das Ende der zweiten Welle einstückig mit einem Drehteil (43) ausgebildet ist, das an der entsprechenden beweglichen Baugruppe fixiert ist.
9. Druckmaschine nach den Ansprüchen 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stütze (75), durch welche die bewegliche Baugruppe (12') drehbar an einer Kurbel (77) angelenkt ist, auch gleitend auf der Führung (16) gelagert ist.
10. Druckmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1-9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich um Siebdruck handelt und daß die bewegliche Baugruppe (12, 12') gleichfalls eine Trageinheit für einen Schaber (24) umfaßt, der mit der Trageinheit für das Druckmittel oder die Druckschablone (25) verbunden ist.
EP87401897A 1986-08-18 1987-08-18 Druckmaschine für den Druck auf eine konvexe Oberfläche Expired - Lifetime EP0260178B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8611800A FR2602717B1 (fr) 1986-08-18 1986-08-18 Machine d'impression sur surface convexe
FR8611800 1986-08-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0260178A1 EP0260178A1 (de) 1988-03-16
EP0260178B1 true EP0260178B1 (de) 1990-08-16

Family

ID=9338349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87401897A Expired - Lifetime EP0260178B1 (de) 1986-08-18 1987-08-18 Druckmaschine für den Druck auf eine konvexe Oberfläche

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4782750A (de)
EP (1) EP0260178B1 (de)
BR (1) BR8704613A (de)
DE (1) DE3764334D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2016638B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2602717B1 (de)
MX (1) MX160119A (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2639874B1 (fr) * 1988-12-02 1991-03-15 Dubuit Mach Dispositif de transfert pour machine d'impression d'objets, et machine d'impression d'objets correspondante
FR2639875B1 (fr) * 1988-12-05 1991-03-15 Dubuit Mach Machine d'impression d'objets a axe d'impression fixe
IT1246543B (it) * 1991-05-03 1994-11-24 Moss Srl Macchina per decorare a stampa, in serigrafia, la superficie laterale esterna di contenitori in genere.
EP0751870A1 (de) * 1994-02-18 1997-01-08 Nassetti Usmac S.P.A. Vorrichtung zum siebdruck von diskreten objekten, insbesondere von behältern elliptischen oder polyzentrischen querschnitts
US6237486B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2001-05-29 Gregory S. Firth Screen printing apparatus and method for curved laminated skateboards
CN112644155B (zh) * 2020-12-24 2022-04-12 广东理工学院 Plc智能全自动控制钢桶丝印机
US11717728B1 (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-08 Acushnet Company Golf ball having markings spaced from a centerline plane

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3249043A (en) * 1964-09-16 1966-05-03 William M Karlyn Apparatus for stenciling oval articles
US3249045A (en) * 1965-04-05 1966-05-03 William M Karlyn Automatic decorating apparatus for open-ended articles
US3260194A (en) * 1965-09-20 1966-07-12 William M Karlyn Registering mechanism for stencilling apparatus
DE1536423C3 (de) * 1967-03-23 1973-10-25 Bebo-Plastik Gmbh., 2140 Bremervoerde Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen umlaufenden Bedrucken der Außen wandung von Hohlkörpern nicht kreis förmigen Querschnitts
FR2314831A1 (fr) * 1975-06-20 1977-01-14 Dubuit Jean Machine a imprimer mettant en oeuvre un ecran de soie et un cliche chauffant
JPS5787986A (en) * 1980-11-25 1982-06-01 Mizuho Seiki Kk Printing method and device for noncylindrical container
IT1148070B (it) * 1981-04-16 1986-11-26 O M S O Spa Officina Macchine Dispositivo per la stampa serigrafica di oggetti cilindrici con sezione traversale ellittica
US4469022A (en) * 1983-04-01 1984-09-04 Permanent Label Corporation Apparatus and method for decorating articles of non-circular cross-section
US4498386A (en) * 1983-06-07 1985-02-12 Societe D'exploitation Des Machines Dubuit Silk screen printing machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0260178A1 (de) 1988-03-16
US4782750A (en) 1988-11-08
FR2602717B1 (fr) 1994-05-20
DE3764334D1 (de) 1990-09-20
ES2016638B3 (es) 1990-11-16
MX160119A (es) 1989-12-01
FR2602717A1 (fr) 1988-02-19
BR8704613A (pt) 1988-04-26

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