EP0259213B1 - Elektrolumineszenz-fotoinduktive Anzeige mit schwachem Ausfüllungsgrad - Google Patents

Elektrolumineszenz-fotoinduktive Anzeige mit schwachem Ausfüllungsgrad Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0259213B1
EP0259213B1 EP19870401894 EP87401894A EP0259213B1 EP 0259213 B1 EP0259213 B1 EP 0259213B1 EP 19870401894 EP19870401894 EP 19870401894 EP 87401894 A EP87401894 A EP 87401894A EP 0259213 B1 EP0259213 B1 EP 0259213B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
pixel
display
pixels
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19870401894
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0259213A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Thioulouse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0259213A1 publication Critical patent/EP0259213A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0259213B1 publication Critical patent/EP0259213B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/20—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising with luminescent surfaces or parts
    • G09F13/22—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising with luminescent surfaces or parts electroluminescent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G09G2300/088—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements using a non-linear two-terminal element
    • G09G2300/0885—Pixel comprising a non-linear two-terminal element alone in series with each display pixel element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electroluminescent photoconductive display.
  • FIG. 1 Such a device is known in principle.
  • French patent application FR-A-2 574 972 and the article by P. Thioulouse et al. "Monolithic Thin Film Photoconductor ACEL Structure with Extinsic Memory by Optical Coupling", IEEE Trans. Electron Devices describe a display which is illustrated in FIG. 1 and which comprises a transparent substrate 10, transparent electrodes in line 12 (the section shown is supposed to be made along one of these lines), an electroluminescent layer 14, a photoconductive layer 16 and column electrodes 18.
  • the row and column electrode systems are connected to an alternating voltage generator 20. Furthermore, the row electrodes 12 are connected to this generator 20 by means of a line addressing circuit 22L and the electrodes are columns 18 by a column addressing circuit 22C. The observation is preferably carried out through the substrate 10, at 23.
  • a voltage V is applied between the electrodes which surround a display point or pixel. Luminescence does not appear until this voltage has reached a value V1 which corresponds to a certain threshold of electric field necessary for obtaining the phenomenon of electroluminescence. From this value, the excited point emits light. The part of the light radiation emitted towards the rear by the layer 14 strikes the photoconductor 16 which, from insulating it was becomes conductive. Almost all of the voltage is then applied to the electroluminescent layer 14 and the electric field applied to this layer suddenly increases. The voltage can therefore be reduced without stopping the electroluminescence. This will only disappear when the field has dropped below the threshold value, which corresponds to a voltage V2 lower than V1.
  • the display will be maintained. It is the generator 20 which delivers this voltage V3 permanently applied to the electrodes called the maintenance voltage.
  • the role of the addressing circuits 22L and 22C is to bring, for a short time, to the point that we want to excite, an increase in voltage, of amplitude equal to V1-V3. To extinguish a luminescent point, it suffices to apply an erasure pulse which brings the voltage below V2 for a short time.
  • the generator 20 can be a sinusoidal voltage generator. However, rectangular or pulse signal generators are also suitable.
  • the device which has just been described has the particularity of being solely electrical addressing.
  • optical addressing devices are also possible as well as electron beam addressing devices.
  • the layers used are thin, that is to say have a thickness of the order of a micron.
  • displays of this type with non-thin layers are also known, such as those described in document FR-A-2 335 902: photoconductor in thick layer or else powder-based light-emitting structure (continuous or alternative excitation).
  • the photoconductive layer will be designated abbreviated as PC, the light-emitting layer as EL and the entire display uniting these two layers as PC-EL.
  • a thin-film PC-EL device exhibits hysteresis in its luminance-voltage characteristics at frequencies as low as 100 Hz. It is reasonable to envisage the creation of a PC-EL memory structure operating at 100 Hz and a luminance of at least 70 Cd / m2, for a consumption of less than 40 mW / cm2. If we add that the PC layer, with a dark red appearance, masks the rear aluminum electrodes and appreciably increases the visual contrast, we understand that the performance achieved allows a large number of applications.
  • the inter-pixel distances are small compared to 3 mm and we can consider that the electroluminescent emission is uniform "seen" of the extinct pixel and that it is therefore the spatially averaged luminance , that is to say by making the ratio of the useful surfaces (emitters) to those occupied (by including the spaces between pixels) which matters in the amplitude of the disturbance of the extinct pixel.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these two drawbacks.
  • the resolution of a screen is sufficiently high from an ergonomic point of view when the eye can barely distinguish a pixel from its neighbor.
  • the separating power of the eye is approximately 100 ⁇ m at 30 cm.
  • the elementary pitch of the pixels is always less than 300 m and the eye hardly distinguishes the shape and contours of the pixel, the size of which is typically 200 ⁇ m at least.
  • the visual appearance of a screen can be characterized by the average luminance, that is to say by taking into account the emissive zones and the non-emissive zones.
  • the sensitivity of the PC-EL memory effect to ambient lighting is a function of the ratio of ambient lighting local, or occasional, illumination of the PC layer by the EL layer; similarly, the sensitivity of the PC-EL memory effect to inter-pixel parasitic optical coupling is a function of the ratio of the mean luminance to the point luminance. However, it is the average luminance that matters from an ergonomic point of view.
  • the invention recommends considerably reducing the pixel filling rate of a PC-EL screen, that is to say the ratio of the emissive surface of the pixels to the total surface.
  • the average luminance can be maintained at a reasonable value while increasing significantly the point luminance by adjusting the maintenance frequency.
  • the average power density falls around 10 mW / cm2 and the average luminance is 20 Cd / m2, which is quite acceptable given the "black layer" effect due to the layer PC.
  • the high point luminance ensures good immunity of the memory effect to ambient lighting, an average luminance significantly lower than the first makes the disturbance linked to the "halo" effect negligible.
  • a filling rate of 1/36 can be obtained by simply reducing the width of the front and rear electrodes by a factor of 6, that is to say say at the value of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the pixels will therefore have an emissive surface of 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m2 and a pitch of 300 ⁇ m.
  • the PC-EL display has a low filling rate, less than 10% and advantageously between 2.5 and 5%.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to obtain great immunity from the PC-EL memory effect with respect to ambient lighting and inter-pixel interference coupling ("halo" effect) by the use of a voltage of maintenance at relatively high frequency (1 kHz or more, typically), associated with a significant saving in screen power.
  • a first way of reducing the pixel filling rate is to reduce the width of the rear electrodes (which are generally made of aluminum) and / or that of the front electrodes (which are generally made of tin and indium oxide ITO) or the of them.
  • FIG. 3 shows aluminum electrodes 40 arranged in a row, 50 ⁇ m wide and electrodes 42 made of ITO, arranged in a column, and of the same width.
  • the pitch of the two electrode systems is 300 ⁇ m, or six times the width of the electrodes.
  • the pixel filling rate is therefore 1/36 or 2.7%.
  • the resistance of the transparent electrodes will be high and may induce a voltage drop from one end to the other and a heterogeneity of the characteristics of pixels on and off along these lines.
  • the ITO electrodes can be widened in the interval between two emissive zones (that is to say between two lines of aluminum). Figure 4 illustrates this arrangement.
  • the concentration of the emission of the pixel in a single localized area could alter visual comfort. It is preferable to distribute the emission over the area allocated to the pixel.
  • An original solution is to subdivide the pixel into sub-pixels. To do this, divide the rear or front electrodes, or both, into sub-electrodes as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • an electrode 40 divided at the level of a pixel into three sub-electrodes A, B and C.
  • the column 42 remains in one piece.
  • a pixel 44 is then composed of three sub-pixels 44A, 44B and 44C.
  • the line 40 comprises three sub-electrodes A, B, C and the column 42 comprises two sub-electrodes D and E.
  • the pixel 44 then decomposes into six sub-pixels.
  • the filling rate is 6%; however, the "coverage" of the pixel is excellent and the emission of the pixel will appear homogeneous under normal conditions of use.
  • the dimensions of the sub-pixel will be 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m2.
  • the electrodes are only divided in the pixel, the sub-electrodes of the same electrode are indeed connected together by bridges ab, bc, of between the pixels, this to prevent the possible destruction of a sub-pixel by an electrical breakdown causing the non-operation of a portion of line.
  • the bridges existing between the sub-electrodes the electrical continuity of a cut sub-electrode is restored thanks to its neighboring sub-electrode (s).
  • These electric bridges may be present at all the inter-pixel spaces or at a lower frequency, or on the contrary, in greater quantity if the spaces between the sub-pixels are used as shown in dashes in the preceding figure 6.
  • the reference 43 shows a bridge which joins the row sub-electrodes between the column sub-electrodes.
  • Reference 45 shows a bridge which joins the column sub-electrodes together. We then generate an additional sub-pixel 44 ⁇ .
  • the display is of the PC-EL type, such bright points can initiate the lighting of the pixel prematurely, resulting in a reduction sometimes sensitive of the PC-EL hysteresis margin.
  • the pixel is divided into sufficient subpixels (greater than 4), the propagation of the lit state is limited to the extent of a subpixel, the subpixels being isolated from each other electro-optically. The existence of a point defect in the pixel will therefore disturb at worst only the ignition of a sub-pixel. If for example, the pixel is divided into six sub-pixels, the accidental lighting of a sub-pixel of the pixel in the off state will cause a decrease in the average contrast by about 1/6, which remains entirely acceptable .
  • the variant proposed in the present invention has additional advantages linked to the photoconductive effect.
  • the effects sought here are the significant reduction in the filling rate in pixels, but by keeping a good distribution of the emission over the entire pixel, as well as a good immunity of the lighting of the pixel against point defects. layers ("bright spots"). These effects are specific to the PC-EL display.
  • a maximum filling rate greater than 25% in any case. For this reason, in the prior patent, it is necessary to subdivide both the electrodes row and column.
  • the sub-pixels are at least 50 ⁇ m apart from one another for a (high) resolution of 4 points per mm; this corresponds to a rate of 9% with 9 sub-pixels per pixel for example.
  • the space between sub-pixels is reduced to approximately 25 ⁇ m. Knowing that the minimum size of a breakdown (that of self-healing breakdown) is about 30 ⁇ m in diameter, a "gap" of 25 ⁇ m has a high risk of being crossed by a spreading type breakdown, which may then destroy the entire pixel.
  • the photoconductive layer is no longer absorbent (so-called "black” layer previously) but transparent, or at least semi-transparent. This case is achievable in principle by an appropriate choice of photoconductive material and by using a sufficiently thin photoconductive layer.
  • the choice of a low filling rate has an important consequence. Indeed, it will be noted first of all that, in this case, the electroluminescent photoconductive display, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1, only comprises transparent layers, except for the array of column electrodes 18 , which is generally made of opaque metal (Al, etc ). However, by choosing a low filling rate F, the proportion of the surface of the display covered by the column electrodes 18 is minimized, that is to say the opaque proportion. This proportion will generally be of the order of ⁇ F . Thus, in the example of FIG. 6, for which F is 6%, only 25% of the surface of the display is covered by the column electrodes 42. It can therefore be seen that an electroluminescent memory screen with photoconductive low filling rate will be essentially transparent even if its column electrodes are of an opaque material, provided that the photoconductive layer is itself transparent.
  • An electroluminescent screen of the prior art with a filling rate of 50% typically, is covered at 70% by the network of columns and will therefore be practically opaque.
  • the applications of a quasi-transparent electroluminescent display are multiple. It can for example be superimposed on another display or on a staff card (military section).
  • One solution recommended by the invention is to use as the electrode system, two grids as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the lower grid 50 and the upper grid 52 are offset with respect to one another by half step laterally and vertically.
  • the vertical step can be different from the horizontal step. But we must have in each direction the same step for the lower and upper networks.
  • the width of the grid branches can be different for the lower grid and the upper grid.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Elektrolumineszensanzeigegerät mit Speichereffekt des Typs, der übereinander angeordnet eine photoleitende Schicht (16) und eine elektrolumineszente Schicht (14) verwendet, die von zwei Familien von orthogonalen Elektroden (12, 18) eingerahmt sind, wobei ein Anzeigepunkt oder Pixel durch die Überdeckung von einer bestimmten Elektrode einer Familie (12) und einer bestimmten Elektrode der anderen Familie (18) gebildet wird, wobei diese Anzeigegerät außerdem Vorrichtungen (20, 22L, 22C) umfaßt, die geeignet sind, an die Elektroden (12, 18) eine Betriebsspannung mit einer bestimmten Frequenz und Steuerspannungen anzulegen, die geeignet sind, ein bestimmtes Pixel zu adressieren, wobei dieses Anzeigegerät gekennzeichnet ist durch die Tatsache, daß der Füllungsgrad der Pixel, das heißt das Verhältnis zwischen der Oberfläche aller Pixel des Anzeigegeräts und der Gesamtfläche des Anzeigegeräts, kleiner als 10% ist und daß die Frequenz der Betriebsspannung wenigstens 1kHz beträgt.
  2. Anzeigegerät nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Tatsache, daß der Füllungsgrad zwischen 2,5% und 5% liegt.
  3. Anzeigegerät nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Tatsache, daß die Elektroden wenigstens einer Familie eine erste schmale Breite auf der Höhe der Pixel, die sie bilden, und eine zweite Breite, größer als die erste zwischen den Pixeln besitzen.
  4. Anzeigegerät nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Tatsache, daß wenigsten eine der Elektrodenfamilien aus leitfähigen Bändern besteht, die auf der Höhe der Pixel, die sie bilden, sich in mehrere parallele Unterelektroden, die elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind, teilen, wodurch jedes Pixel auf diese Weise aus mehreren Unterpixeln besteht.
  5. Anzeigegerät nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet durch die Tatsache, daß die erste Elektrodenfamilie aus Bändern besteht, die jeweils in M Unterelektroden unterteilt sind, und daß die zweite Elektrodenfamilie aus Bändern besteht, die jeweils in N Unterelektroden unterteilt sind, wodurch jedes Pixel, das durch die Überdeckung eines Bandes der ersten Familie durch ein Band der zweite Familie gebildet wird, so aus M.N Unterpixeln besteht, die M.N Bedeckungszonen der verschiedenen Unterelektroden entsprechen.
  6. Anzeigegerät nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Tatsache, daß die Adressiervorrichtung optisch ist und daß die erste und die zweite Elektrodenfamilie jeweils aus einem Gitter aus mit einem bestimmten Abstand angeordneten Zeilen und Spalten bestehen, wobei die beiden Gitter gegeneinander um einen halben Abstand sowohl in Richtung der Zeilen als auch in Richtung der Spalten versetzt sind.
EP19870401894 1986-08-18 1987-08-17 Elektrolumineszenz-fotoinduktive Anzeige mit schwachem Ausfüllungsgrad Expired - Lifetime EP0259213B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8611808A FR2602897B1 (fr) 1986-08-18 1986-08-18 Afficheur electroluminescent a photoconducteur a faible taux de remplissage
FR8611808 1986-08-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0259213A1 EP0259213A1 (de) 1988-03-09
EP0259213B1 true EP0259213B1 (de) 1991-12-04

Family

ID=9338352

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870401894 Expired - Lifetime EP0259213B1 (de) 1986-08-18 1987-08-17 Elektrolumineszenz-fotoinduktive Anzeige mit schwachem Ausfüllungsgrad

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0259213B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS63102199A (de)
DE (1) DE3774970D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2602897B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8758883B2 (en) 2006-10-12 2014-06-24 Lintec Corporation Luminescent sheet having see-through property, luminescent decorative material, and method of producing luminescent sheet

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2608817B1 (fr) * 1986-12-22 1989-04-21 Thioulouse Pascal Afficheur electroluminescent a memoire a tensions d'entretien multiples dephasees
FR2643180B1 (fr) * 1989-02-10 1991-05-10 France Etat Dispositif d'affichage monochrome a memoire du type photoconducteur-electroluminescent
FR2643488B1 (fr) * 1989-02-21 1994-04-29 France Etat Ecran plat d'affichage polychrome electroluminescent a effet memoire
FR2644920B1 (fr) * 1989-03-21 1993-09-24 France Etat Dispositif d'affichage polychrome a memoire du type photoconducteur-electroluminescent
FR2645998B1 (fr) * 1989-04-12 1991-06-07 France Etat Ecran d'affichage electroluminescent a memoire et a configuration particuliere d'electrodes
JPH103987A (ja) * 1996-06-12 1998-01-06 Futaba Corp 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI60804C (fi) * 1980-08-20 1982-03-10 Lohja Ab Oy Elektroluminensaotergivningskomponent isynnerhet elektroluminensaotergivningskomponent med stor area
FR2574972B1 (fr) * 1984-12-18 1987-03-27 Thioulouse Pascal Dispositif d'affichage a effet memoire comprenant des couches electroluminescente et photoconductrice superposees

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8758883B2 (en) 2006-10-12 2014-06-24 Lintec Corporation Luminescent sheet having see-through property, luminescent decorative material, and method of producing luminescent sheet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3774970D1 (de) 1992-01-16
EP0259213A1 (de) 1988-03-09
FR2602897A1 (fr) 1988-02-19
FR2602897B1 (fr) 1988-11-10
JPS63102199A (ja) 1988-05-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0316214B1 (de) Elektronenquelle mit Mikrospitzen-Emissionskathoden und diese Quelle benutzende Bildwiedergabe-Anordnung, die auf durch Feldemission angeregter Kathodolumineszenz beruht
EP0704877B1 (de) Elektrischer Schutz von einer Anode eines flachen Bildschirms
EP0461990B1 (de) Elektronenquelle mit Mikropunktkathoden
EP0258130B1 (de) Elektrolumineszierender flacher Bildschirm
EP0209535B1 (de) Selbstspeichernde anzeigeeinrichtung mit dünnfilmelektrolumineszenz- und fotoleiterschichten
EP0259213B1 (de) Elektrolumineszenz-fotoinduktive Anzeige mit schwachem Ausfüllungsgrad
EP0734042B1 (de) Anode eines flachen Bildschirms mit Widerstandsstreifen
EP0392918B1 (de) Elektrolumineszenzanzeigebildschirm mit Speicher und mit besonderer Elektrodenkonfiguration
EP1456831B1 (de) Bildanzeigetafel in form einer matrix von elektrolumineszenten zellen mit überbrückung und durch ein lichtempfindliches element erhaltenem speichereffekt
EP1419541B1 (de) Bildanzeigevorrichtungspaneel hergestellt aus einer matrix von elektrolumineszenten zellen mit speichereffekt
EP0625277B1 (de) Flacher bildschirm mit einzelnen dipol-geschuetzten mikropunkten.
EP2885674B1 (de) Elektrolumineszente und elektrochrome anzeigevorrichtung und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren
FR2846794A1 (fr) Panneau organique electroluminescent bi-stable ou chaque cellule comprend une diode de shockley
WO2017186941A1 (fr) Dispositif optoelectronique organique matriciel
EP0106717A1 (de) Anzeigevorrichtung mit aktiver Steuerung mittels eines Fotoleiters
EP0867908A1 (de) Vergleichmässigung der potentiellen Elektronenemission einer Kathode eines flachen Mikrospitzen-Bildschirms
FR2673311A1 (fr) Dispositif d'affichage par panneau a plasma a fort contraste.
EP0376829A1 (de) Plasma-Panelanzeigevorrichtung mit niedriger Auflösung
EP2104944A1 (de) Katodenstruktur für einen flachbildschirm mit refokusierungsgitter
FR2671218A1 (fr) Dispositif d'affichage electroluminescent a memoire et a plusieurs teintes.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19880811

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19901008

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3774970

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19920116

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19930301

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19930730

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19930803

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19930820

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940817

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940817

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19950428

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19950503

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST