EP0257194A2 - Grinding machine for automatically grinding internal or external cylindrical surfaces, plane surfaces and/or internal and external threads - Google Patents

Grinding machine for automatically grinding internal or external cylindrical surfaces, plane surfaces and/or internal and external threads Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257194A2
EP0257194A2 EP87106750A EP87106750A EP0257194A2 EP 0257194 A2 EP0257194 A2 EP 0257194A2 EP 87106750 A EP87106750 A EP 87106750A EP 87106750 A EP87106750 A EP 87106750A EP 0257194 A2 EP0257194 A2 EP 0257194A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
internal
spindle
external
grinding machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP87106750A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0257194A3 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Schreiber
Manfred Leidecker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buderus Schleiftechnik GmbH
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Buderus Schleiftechnik GmbH
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Application filed by Buderus Schleiftechnik GmbH filed Critical Buderus Schleiftechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0257194A2 publication Critical patent/EP0257194A2/en
Publication of EP0257194A3 publication Critical patent/EP0257194A3/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B45/00—Means for securing grinding wheels on rotary arbors
    • B24B45/003—Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/12—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces both externally and internally with several grinding wheels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding machine for automatic internal cylindrical, plane, external cylindrical and / or internal and external thread grinding with an internal grinding spindle arranged on a grinding table and a workpiece spindle box which can be moved transversely to the internal grinding spindle.
  • EP-OS 0 051 136 describes such a grinding machine for internal, external cylindrical or surface grinding of workpieces.
  • the present invention is based on the task of significantly improving the internal cylindrical or threaded grinding with regard to manufacturing accuracy and work cycle.
  • the features specified in claim 1 are proposed.
  • the internal grinding spindle which can be swiveled automatically in the vertical plane around the center of the grinding wheel, can be controlled via a CNC control according to a program specified for the respective workpiece and can be provided with the associated grinding wheel.
  • a horizontal position ( 0) is internally ground and in this position the grinding wheel can also be dressed on the profile roller arranged on the side of the workpiece headstock.
  • the dressing device for thread grinding therefore does not have to be placed in the thread pitch angle as well.
  • the cross slide 3 carrying the workpiece headstock 2 and the grinding table 5 carrying the internal grinding spindle 4 are arranged on the machine table 1.
  • an external grinding device 6, designed as a two-slide unit, is provided, the slide 7 of which can be moved in the x2 direction and 7 ⁇ can be advanced in the Z2 direction.
  • x1 is the feed direction of the cross slide 3
  • Z1 the feed direction of the internal grinding spindle
  • the arrows A, C, S1, S2 and S3 the respective direction of rotation or pivoting of the internal grinding spindle 4
  • external grinding spindle 8 workpiece spindle and dressing roller 9.
  • the grinding wheel is changed automatically via a grinding arbor magazine 13, which is fastened above the internal grinding device and can be lowered hydraulically to the center of the grinding spindle to change the grinding arbor.
  • the assignment of the grinding arbor magazine can be saved in the machine control and controlled accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

The internal grinding spindle can be swivelled automatically in the vertical plane. Consequently, the necessary angular position during thread grinding can be set and, in the horizontal position, the internal grinding spindle can be taken past a profile roller, arranged laterally on the headstock, for truing. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schleifmaschine zum automatischen Innenrund-, Plan-, Außenrund- und/oder Innen- und Außengewindeschleifen mit einer auf einem Schleiftisch angeordneten Innenschleifspindel sowie einem quer zur Innenschleifspindel verfahrbaren Werk­stückspindelkasten.The invention relates to a grinding machine for automatic internal cylindrical, plane, external cylindrical and / or internal and external thread grinding with an internal grinding spindle arranged on a grinding table and a workpiece spindle box which can be moved transversely to the internal grinding spindle.

Es ist bekannt auf einem gemeinsamen Unterbau mehrere Schleifeinheiten und die Werkstückspindeleinheit verfahrbar anzuordnen, um in einer Werkstückeinspannung unterschiedliche Schleifvorgänge durchzuführen. In der EP-OS 0 051 136 ist beispielsweise eine derartige Schleifmaschine zum Innen-, Außenrund- oder Planschleifen von Werkstücken beschrieben.It is known to arrange a plurality of grinding units and the workpiece spindle unit to be movable on a common substructure in order to carry out different grinding processes in one workpiece clamping. EP-OS 0 051 136, for example, describes such a grinding machine for internal, external cylindrical or surface grinding of workpieces.

Die Anforderungen an die Maßgenauigkeit bei gleichzeitig möglichst geringen Taktzeiten werden bei den automatischen Schleifmaschinen immer größer.The requirements for dimensional accuracy with the shortest possible cycle times are becoming ever greater with automatic grinding machines.

Vorliegende Erfindung geht von der Aufgabe aus, das Innenrund- bzw. Gewindeschleifen bezüglich Fertigungsgenauigkeit und Arbeitszyklus wesentlich zu verbessern. Hierzu werden die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale vorgeschlagen.The present invention is based on the task of significantly improving the internal cylindrical or threaded grinding with regard to manufacturing accuracy and work cycle. For this purpose, the features specified in claim 1 are proposed.

Die automatisch um den Schleifscheibenmittelpunkt in vertikaler Ebene schwenkbare Innenschleifspindel kann über eine CNC-Steuerung nach einem auf das jeweilige Werkstück vorgegebenen Programm gesteuert und mit dem jeweils zugehörigen Schleifkörper versehen werden. In horizontaler Lage (

Figure imgb0001
0) wird innenrundgeschliffen und in dieser Lage kann der Schleifkörper auch an der seitlich am Werkstückspindel­kasten angeordneten Profilrolle abgerichtet werden. Die Abrichteinrichtung für das Gewindeschleifen muß somit nicht ebenfalls in den Gewindesteigungswinkel gestellt werden.The internal grinding spindle, which can be swiveled automatically in the vertical plane around the center of the grinding wheel, can be controlled via a CNC control according to a program specified for the respective workpiece and can be provided with the associated grinding wheel. In a horizontal position (
Figure imgb0001
0) is internally ground and in this position the grinding wheel can also be dressed on the profile roller arranged on the side of the workpiece headstock. The dressing device for thread grinding therefore does not have to be placed in the thread pitch angle as well.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung an Ausführungs­beispielen dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht über die schematische Anordnung der einzelnen Maschinenteile.
  • Fig. 2 die automatisch schwenkbar Innenschleifspindel.
  • Fig. 3 und 4 die Arbeitsstellung der Innenschleif­spindel bei Innenrund- bzw. Gewinde­schleifen.
  • Fig. 5 das Prinzip des Schleifdornmagazins.
In the drawing, the invention is illustrated using exemplary embodiments. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of the schematic arrangement of the individual machine parts.
  • Fig. 2, the automatically swiveling internal grinding spindle.
  • 3 and 4, the working position of the internal grinding spindle with internal cylindrical or threaded grinding.
  • Fig. 5 shows the principle of the grinding arbor magazine.

Auf dem Maschinentisch 1 ist der den Werkstückspindel­kasten 2 tragende Querschlitten 3 sowie der die Innenschleifspindel 4 tragende Schleiftisch 5 angeordnet. Außerdem ist eine als Zweischlitteneinheit ausgebildet Außenschleifeinrichtung 6 vorgesehen, deren Schlitten 7 in Richtung x₂ bewegbar und 7ʹ in Richtung Z₂ zustellbar sind . Mit x₁ ist die Zustellrichtung des Querschlittens 3, mit Z₁ die Zustellrichtung der Innenschleifspindel und mit dem Pfeilen A, C, S₁, S₂ und S₃ die jeweilige Dreh- bzw. Schwenkrichtung von Innenschleifspindel 4, Außenschleifspindel 8, Werkstückspindel und Abrichtrolle 9 angedeutet.On the machine table 1, the cross slide 3 carrying the workpiece headstock 2 and the grinding table 5 carrying the internal grinding spindle 4 are arranged. In addition, an external grinding device 6, designed as a two-slide unit, is provided, the slide 7 of which can be moved in the x₂ direction and 7ʹ can be advanced in the Z₂ direction. With x₁ is the feed direction of the cross slide 3, with Z₁ the feed direction of the internal grinding spindle and with the arrows A, C, S₁, S₂ and S₃ the respective direction of rotation or pivoting of the internal grinding spindle 4, external grinding spindle 8, workpiece spindle and dressing roller 9.

Der Arbeitsablauf ist folgender:

  • a) Beim Rundschleifen arbeiten Innen- und Außenschleif­einrichtung simultan, weil die x₁-Achse als Zustellachse für die Innen- und Außenschleifeinheit dient.
    Da die Toleranzanforderungen beim Innenschleifen mitunter höher als beim Außenschleifen sind, kann innerhalb eines Simultanschleifzyklusses mit Schruppen und Schlichten der Außendurchmesser auf Fertigmaß geschliffen. Anschließend wird die Außenschleifeinheit auf eine Warteposition zurückgezogen.
    Die Innenschleifscheibe wird zwischenabgerichtet an der Abrichtrolle 9, indem die Innenschleif­spindel 4 und der Werkstückpindelkasten 2, an welchem die Abrichtrolle 9 befestigt ist, entsprechend verfahren werden. Über eingegebene Weg/Zeitdiagramme lassen sich beliebige Schleifzyklen (Längs-, Einstech-, Schrägeinstech-, Stirn- bzw. Planschleifen) fast uneingeschränkt miteinander kombinieren. Die Innenschleifspindel befindet sich während des Rundschleifens, des Profilierens der Schleifscheiben (auch der Gewindeschleifscheibe) sowie während des automatischen Scheibenwechsels in horizontaler Winkellege.
  • b) Zum Gewindeschleifen wird die Innenschleifspindel 4 in den programmierten Steigungswinkel gebracht. Diese Verstellung über die A-Achse erfolgt während des Rückzuges vom Abrichten. Beim Ablauf eines Gewinde­schleifzyklusses folgen den Schruppzyklen ein oder mehrere Schlichtzyklen. Das vor dem Schruppen bzw. vor dem Schlichten auf die Schleifscheibe aufge­brachte Profil ist jeweils verschieden.
    Das Abrichten, die Winkelverstellung der Innenschleifspindel und der automatische Schleif­körperwechsel erfolgt automatisch über ein der Maschine eingegebenes Programm.
The workflow is as follows:
  • a) In cylindrical grinding, the inner and outer grinding device work simultaneously because the x₁ axis serves as an infeed axis for the inner and outer grinding unit.
    Since the tolerance requirements for internal grinding are sometimes higher than for external grinding, the outer diameter can be ground to finished dimensions within a simultaneous grinding cycle with roughing and finishing. The external grinding unit is then pulled back to a waiting position.
    The inner grinding wheel is interim dressed on the dressing roller 9, in that the inner grinding spindle 4 and the workpiece spindle box 2, to which the dressing roller 9 is attached, are moved accordingly. Any grinding cycles (longitudinal, plunge, oblique plunge, face or Face grinding) can be combined with one another almost without restriction. The internal grinding spindle is in a horizontal angular position during cylindrical grinding, profiling the grinding wheels (including the thread grinding wheel) and during the automatic wheel change.
  • b) For thread grinding, the internal grinding spindle 4 is brought into the programmed lead angle. This adjustment via the A axis takes place during the retraction from dressing. When a thread grinding cycle is completed, the roughing cycles are followed by one or more finishing cycles. The profile applied to the grinding wheel before roughing or finishing is different in each case.
    The dressing, the angle adjustment of the internal grinding spindle and the automatic grinding body change are carried out automatically via a program entered into the machine.

In Fig. 2 ist die automatische Schwenkeinrichtung schematisch dargestellt. Die Innenschleifspindel 4 wird um den in der Schleifscheibenmitte liegenden Schwenkpunkt 10 mittels des Servomotors 11 und der Kugelrollspindel 12 aus der 0 Lage in A-Achsrichtung in die gewünschte Winkellage (gestrichelt ange­deutet) geschwenkt.

  • Fig. 3 zeigt den Schleifvorgang der Innenschleifspindel in
    Figure imgb0002
    0 Stellung (innenrund) und
  • Fig. 4 in
    Figure imgb0003
    × Stellung (Gewindeschleifen).
  • Fig. 5 das Schleifdornmagazin in Vorderansicht.
In Fig. 2 the automatic swivel device is shown schematically. The internal grinding spindle 4 is pivoted about the pivot point 10 located in the center of the grinding wheel by means of the servo motor 11 and the ball screw spindle 12 from the 0 position in the A-axis direction to the desired angular position (indicated by dashed lines).
  • Fig. 3 shows the grinding process of the internal grinding spindle in
    Figure imgb0002
    0 position (round inside) and
  • Fig. 4 in
    Figure imgb0003
    × Position (thread grinding).
  • Fig. 5, the grinding arbor magazine in front view.

Für die verschiedenen Werkstücke werden unterschied­liche Schleifkörper benötigt. Der Schleifkörperwechsel erfolgt automatisch über ein Schleifdornmagazin 13, welches über der Innenschleifeinrichtung befestigt ist und zum Schleifdornwechsel hydraulisch auf Schleif­spindelmitte abgesenkt werden kann. Die Belegung des Schleifdornmagazins kann in der Maschineneinsteuerung abgespeichert und entsprechend gesteuert werden.Different grinding tools are required for the different workpieces. The grinding wheel is changed automatically via a grinding arbor magazine 13, which is fastened above the internal grinding device and can be lowered hydraulically to the center of the grinding spindle to change the grinding arbor. The assignment of the grinding arbor magazine can be saved in the machine control and controlled accordingly.

Claims (3)

1. Schleifmaschine zum automatischen Innenrund-, Plan-, Außenrund- und/oder Innen- und Außengewindeschleifen, mit einer auf einem Schleiftisch angeordneten Innen­schleifspindel sowie einem quer zur Innenschleifspindel verfahrbarem Werkstückspindelkasten,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß

die Innenschleifspindel um den Schleif­scheibenmittelpunkt in vertikaler Ebene automatisch schwenkbar ist und in horizontaler Lage an einer seitlich am Werkstückspindelkasten angeordneten Profilrolle vorbeifahrbar ist.1. Grinding machine for automatic internal cylindrical, plane, external cylindrical and / or internal and external thread grinding, with an internal grinding spindle arranged on a grinding table and a workpiece headstock that can be moved transversely to the internal grinding spindle,
characterized in that

the internal grinding spindle can be swiveled automatically around the center of the grinding wheel in the vertical plane and can be passed in a horizontal position past a profile roller arranged on the side of the workpiece headstock. 2. Schleifmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß oberhalb der Innen­schleifspindel ein auf Schleifspindelmitte absenkbares Schleifdornmagazin zum automatischen Schleifdornwechsel entsprechend der jeweils benötigten Schleifscheibe angeordnet ist.2. Grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that above the inner grinding spindle a lowerable on the grinding spindle center grinding mandrel magazine for automatic grinding mandrel is arranged according to the grinding wheel required. 3. Schleifmaschine nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewegungsabläufe von Innenschleifspindel, Werkstückspindelkasten und Schleifdornmagäzin für den Schleifvorgang, den Abrichtvorgang und den Schleifdornwechsel über ein der Schleifmaschine eingegebenes Programm automatisch gesteuert werden.3. Grinding machine according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the movements of the internal grinding spindle, workpiece headstock and grinding mandrel magazine for the grinding process, the dressing process and the grinding mandrel change are automatically controlled via a program entered in the grinding machine.
EP87106750A 1986-08-26 1987-05-09 Grinding machine for automatically grinding internal or external cylindrical surfaces, plane surfaces and/or internal and external threads Ceased EP0257194A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863628977 DE3628977A1 (en) 1986-08-26 1986-08-26 GRINDING MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC INNER ROUND, PLAN, EXTERNAL ROUND AND / OR INNER AND EXTERNAL THREAD GRINDING
DE3628977 1986-08-26

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EP0257194A2 true EP0257194A2 (en) 1988-03-02
EP0257194A3 EP0257194A3 (en) 1990-05-02

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JP (2) JPS6362649A (en)
DE (1) DE3628977A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2138484A1 (en) * 1996-03-27 2000-01-01 Norton Sa New automatic system for surfacing and rounding off rotating parts
WO2000045992A1 (en) * 1999-02-03 2000-08-10 Unova U.K. Limited Angle head grinding method and apparatus
WO2005051596A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-06-09 Unova U.K. Limited Improvements in and relating to grinding machines
CN101811285A (en) * 2010-04-20 2010-08-25 陕西秦川机械发展股份有限公司 Universal grinding carriage for internal gears and external gears of formed grinding wheel gear grinding machine
CN102248481A (en) * 2011-07-20 2011-11-23 飞浦实业股份有限公司 Corner type main shaft
CN103464837A (en) * 2013-09-22 2013-12-25 台州瓦尔特工具制造有限公司 Numerical-control thread grinding machine
CN106001793A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-10-12 扬力集团股份有限公司 Device for grinding threads of screw rod and screw rod sleeve
CN109048630A (en) * 2018-09-11 2018-12-21 台山永发五金制品有限公司 It is a kind of for inside and outside stainless steel simultaneously polissoir
DE10393160B4 (en) * 2002-08-27 2020-12-10 Thk Co., Ltd. Screw grinder
CN112388479A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-02-23 宣荣康 Multifunctional lathe

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DE3740199A1 (en) * 1987-11-27 1989-06-08 Schaudt Maschinenbau Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRAINING A GRINDING WHEEL
WO1990014925A1 (en) * 1989-05-29 1990-12-13 Moskovskoe Spetsialnoe Konstruktorskoe Bjuro Avtomaticheskikh Liny I Spetsialnykh Stankov Circular grinding machine for external and internal grinding
DE4343172C1 (en) * 1993-12-17 1995-01-12 Kleinewefers Gmbh Heatable roll
DE19518794A1 (en) * 1995-05-22 1996-11-28 Edmund Stock Gmbh Dressing device for profiled ceramic boron nitride grinding wheels
TWI381905B (en) * 2008-11-21 2013-01-11 Three-track type grinding equipment
CN102085624A (en) * 2010-11-30 2011-06-08 无锡机床股份有限公司 Internal and external compound grinding machine
CN102513903A (en) * 2011-12-19 2012-06-27 上海机床厂有限公司 Numerical control composite internal grinding machine
DE102014203402B3 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-07-09 Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh GRINDING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR GRINDING AXIAL HOLES AND BOTH WORKPIECES APPLICABLE TO WORK ON THE SURFACE
CN107234524A (en) * 2016-03-28 2017-10-10 沈阳海默数控机床有限公司 A kind of vertical grinder for carrying out grinding for circular excircle of workpiece face to planing surface
CN112025428B (en) * 2020-07-24 2021-11-23 衡阳鸿大精密制造有限责任公司 Steel pipe deruster
KR102351661B1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-01-17 피티케이(주) A device for buffing caps and pipes during the synthesis gasification process of petroleum coke for hydrogen production

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DD213872A1 (en) * 1983-02-24 1984-09-26 Werkzeugmasch Okt Veb UNIVERSAL ROUND GRINDING
EP0123956A2 (en) * 1983-04-05 1984-11-07 Institut Sa Metalorejeschti Maschini Cylindrical grinding machine for external and internal grinding with a numerical control device
EP0174140A2 (en) * 1984-09-04 1986-03-12 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Tool quill exchanging mechanism for a machine tool

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2138484A1 (en) * 1996-03-27 2000-01-01 Norton Sa New automatic system for surfacing and rounding off rotating parts
WO2000045992A1 (en) * 1999-02-03 2000-08-10 Unova U.K. Limited Angle head grinding method and apparatus
US6991519B2 (en) 1999-02-03 2006-01-31 Unova Uk Limited Angle head grinding method
DE10393160B4 (en) * 2002-08-27 2020-12-10 Thk Co., Ltd. Screw grinder
WO2005051596A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-06-09 Unova U.K. Limited Improvements in and relating to grinding machines
CN101811285A (en) * 2010-04-20 2010-08-25 陕西秦川机械发展股份有限公司 Universal grinding carriage for internal gears and external gears of formed grinding wheel gear grinding machine
CN102248481A (en) * 2011-07-20 2011-11-23 飞浦实业股份有限公司 Corner type main shaft
CN103464837A (en) * 2013-09-22 2013-12-25 台州瓦尔特工具制造有限公司 Numerical-control thread grinding machine
CN106001793A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-10-12 扬力集团股份有限公司 Device for grinding threads of screw rod and screw rod sleeve
CN109048630A (en) * 2018-09-11 2018-12-21 台山永发五金制品有限公司 It is a kind of for inside and outside stainless steel simultaneously polissoir
CN109048630B (en) * 2018-09-11 2020-05-22 江门市谊达金属制品有限公司 Internal and external simultaneous polishing equipment for stainless steel
CN112388479A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-02-23 宣荣康 Multifunctional lathe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6362649A (en) 1988-03-18
EP0257194A3 (en) 1990-05-02
JPH09466U (en) 1997-09-05
DE3628977A1 (en) 1988-03-03

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