EP0727280B1 - Apparatus for polishing spherical lenses - Google Patents

Apparatus for polishing spherical lenses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0727280B1
EP0727280B1 EP19950101961 EP95101961A EP0727280B1 EP 0727280 B1 EP0727280 B1 EP 0727280B1 EP 19950101961 EP19950101961 EP 19950101961 EP 95101961 A EP95101961 A EP 95101961A EP 0727280 B1 EP0727280 B1 EP 0727280B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
tool
polishing
spindle
lens
workpiece spindle
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EP19950101961
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0727280A1 (en
Inventor
Roland Dipl. Ing. Mandler
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Opto Tech GmbH
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Opto Tech GmbH
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Application filed by Opto Tech GmbH filed Critical Opto Tech GmbH
Priority to DE59500684T priority Critical patent/DE59500684D1/en
Priority to DE29520993U priority patent/DE29520993U1/en
Priority to EP19950101961 priority patent/EP0727280B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/01Specific tools, e.g. bowl-like; Production, dressing or fastening of these tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for polishing spherical lens surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for polishing spherical lens surfaces is known from DE-A-3 932 197.
  • Optical glass is processed in several stages.
  • the radius tolerance and the permissible asphericity should be less than 1 to 2 ⁇ m. This can be achieved, for example, using the ball cut process or a tangential cup grinding process.
  • the glass After the fine grinding, the glass usually still has a roughness depth of about 3 to 8 ⁇ m, so that light passing through it is scattered indiscriminately.
  • polishing Further treatment of the glass surface is required to enable precise imaging with a ground lens.
  • the roughness depth is further reduced by polishing, on the other hand, last deviations from the required radius of the sphere or from the desired sphere are eliminated.
  • a sliding movement is effected between the surface of a workpiece and a polishing tool, which is designed as a receptacle for a polishing agent carrier. In conjunction with a polishing agent, this enables polishing removal and thus adaptation or smoothing of the workpiece surface.
  • polishing agent and the polishing agent carrier Very high demands are placed on the polishing agent and the polishing agent carrier.
  • the latter must include be malleable to be able to assume the required workpiece radius, it must be easy to connect to the tool holder and it must not contain any contaminants that could damage the glass surface.
  • well suited elastomer foils made of foamed polyurethane which largely meet these requirements due to their good mechanical and chemical properties.
  • the requirements for a polishing agent cannot be directly attributed to measurable sizes, so that the selection and mixing of the polishing agent is based essentially on experience. Suspensions of finely ground oxides of trivalent and tetravalent metals are predominantly used, which however depend strongly on the material to be processed.
  • a machining tool determines the shape of a workpiece, but not to the same extent for glass materials as, for example, in metal machining.
  • the polishing agent carrier is adjusted to the surface of the workpiece due to wear, so that only a few areas of the tool radius have changed after machining.
  • the target contour of the lens surface quickly lies outside the specified tolerances. This makes it necessary to align the polishing agent carrier at regular intervals to the required ball radius during the polishing process, i.e. To adapt so that the shape and grip of the polishing tool are retained.
  • a polishing tool is usually dressed outside the polishing machine on special dressing machines. These are, for example, lever machines with surface tools covered with diamond pellets, the setting of which is done empirically.
  • the polishing correction tool must be ground in by means of a special tool to be produced separately before the actual correction of the polishing tool can take place. Often, several corrections of the correction tool and possibly also the grinding tool are required, so that this method is extremely tedious and very cost-intensive. Its success depends on the skill and experience of the operator, so that specially trained specialists are required. When dressing with surface tools, a separate polishing correction tool must be made for each radius.
  • a device known from DD-A5-294 451 has a rotatably mounted spindle for receiving a pot tool and a spindle for receiving the polishing tool to be dressed.
  • the latter can be adjusted laterally and in its angular position to the first spindle, so that a contact circle described by the dressing tool on the polishing tool engages exactly in the center of rotation of the polishing tool and the intersection of the two spindle axes lies in the origin of the functional radius of an optical functional surface to be produced with the polishing tool.
  • the polishing tool is fed against the dressing tool via an infeed until the surface on the polishing medium carrier is machined evenly. After the dressing process has ended, the polishing tool has to be reassembled from the dressing machine to the polishing machine, which leads to unused downtimes.
  • An essential object of the invention is to provide a device with which the polishing process of spherical lenses can be significantly improved and accelerated. Furthermore, it should be possible to achieve a short processing time with high precision without the need for repeated post-processing. Another important object of the invention is to minimize the effects of polishing tool wear on the polishing process.
  • a rotatingly driven tool spindle for receiving a polishing tool which can be moved along an axis by means of a first feed drive, and with a workpiece spindle rotatably mounted about an axis for receiving the lens, the can be moved into a machining position along the axis of rotation by means of a second feed drive, a relative pivoting about a transverse axis being able to be carried out between the polishing tool and the lens
  • the invention provides that a further rotatably mounted tool spindle for receiving a dressing tool is provided parallel to the workpiece spindle, wherein the workpiece spindle and the further tool spindle are arranged at a fixed distance from one another on a common slide and have a common feed drive.
  • the dressing of the polishing tool can thus be carried out during the polishing process inside the polishing machine, which was conventionally not possible.
  • the polishing process interrupting conversion or changeover phases are omitted, so that the processing times are significantly reduced. This has an extremely favorable effect on the manufacturing costs.
  • the quality of the polished lenses is increased considerably, because previously inaccuracies in change have been completely eliminated.
  • a wear-related reduction in the gap distance required between the electrode and the tool must be compensated for, which in turn requires dressing the tool on a separate dressing machine.
  • all the conversion or conversion phases which unnecessarily interrupt the polishing process are completely eliminated, so that the processing times are considerably shortened. Because of the lower workload the costs for a polishing process are also drastically reduced.
  • An additional or external control for the dressing tool is no more necessary than a separate storage, because both are already available from the workpiece spindle and the polishing tool can be dressed with high precision with the dressing tool arranged at a fixed distance immediately next to the workpiece spindle, i.e. the one to be machined Adjust workpiece surface. Thanks to exceptionally good positioning accuracy, the individual working points and positions of the workpiece and dressing tool can always be reproduced exactly and controlled accordingly, which further increases the quality of the polished workpieces.
  • the workpiece spindle carries a holder in the form of a membrane chuck, which is provided with a compressed air connection. Pneumatically, the working pressure and thus the force with which the lens is pressed against the polishing tool can be precisely adjusted, thereby achieving optimal work results.
  • the membrane can also be used to eject the lens. This enables easy handling of the lens holder and particularly careful handling of the polished lens so that it is not damaged.
  • the dressing tool is preferably a pot tool. This enables spherical surfaces to be machined particularly evenly and precisely. Pot tools have an extremely long service life.
  • claim 4 provides that the polishing tool is arranged at a fixed distance from the transverse axis, which offers machine advantages, in particular with regard to reproducibility of the settings.
  • the polishing tool according to claim 5 has a carrier for receiving a polishing agent carrier, which according to claim 6 can be a 0.5 mm thick foamed film made of cross-linked elastomeric polyurethane or according to claim 9 a 0.5 mm thick desmopane film.
  • a polishing agent carrier for pre-polishing, it is favorable if the polishing agent carrier has diamond pellets with a plastic bond in accordance with claim 8.
  • the polishing agent carriers are connected to the carrier by gluing, according to claim 7 with a two-component adhesive. This ensures simple and easy handling of the polishing foils.
  • An important measure of the invention according to claim 10 is that the axes of the feed drives are the axes of a CNC machine.
  • personnel costs are reduced enormously, because the dressing of the polishing tools on separate dressing machines no longer has to be done by specially trained specialist personnel. It is now possible to carry out the dressing fully automatically and with extremely little time, whereby the manufacturing possibilities of a modern CNC machine can be optimally used.
  • a further reduction in the machining time is achieved by checking the geometric properties of the polished lens within the machine.
  • a polishing device designated overall by 10 in FIG. 1, is constructed on the basis of a CNC machine tool and is equipped with highly dynamic servomotors (not shown). Interpolators, not shown, ensure that the tool guide in the finest steps - i.e. the machining contour quasi-continuous - can be controlled and thus guarantees the production of precisely polished surfaces. In particular, compensating movements can be taken into account by numerically controlling feed drives.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the modular basic structure of the polishing device 10.
  • a CNC polishing machine it has an operating panel B, preferably with a screen, and an input part E, which can be designed as a keyboard.
  • Both units B, E are connected to a microprocessor computer R which carries out the calculation of the machining contours and the necessary ones Forwarding control commands to a control unit S for controlling axes X, Y, Z.
  • the lens parameters required for calculating the machining contour are entered either via the keyboard or via a suitable (not shown) data interface.
  • the movements of the individual CNC axes X, Y, Z are monitored with the aid of precision measuring systems M1, M2, M3, which are connected to the computer R, so that necessary corrections can be passed on to the control unit S immediately. Deviations from the input values can immediately be converted into correction specifications that control a corresponding dressing process of the polishing tool.
  • the polishing device 10 has a frame 12 with a table surface 14 on which a horizontal frame 16 is arranged.
  • a slide 17 with a housing 19 is slidably mounted thereon.
  • a head 20 is connected to the housing 19 and contains a belt drive 21 and supports a tool spindle 30 driven by a motor 23.
  • a carriage 25 is arranged on a vertical frame 24 and has a rotary drive 28 for two rotating spindles 40, 41 held parallel to it.
  • the first spindle 40 carries a receiving device 42 for a lens L, the second spindle 41 a holder 43 for a dressing tool 50 (FIGS. 2 and 3). It is easily possible to exchange the positions of the spindles 40, 41 with one another, so that the spindle 40 then carries the dressing tool 50 and the spindle 41 carries the lens L to be polished.
  • a holder 31 is fastened to the tool spindle 30 and receives a polishing tool 32.
  • This has a carrier 33 with a polishing agent carrier 34, e.g. a foamed sheet made of cross-linked elastomeric polyurethane with a thickness of at least 0.50 mm.
  • a polishing agent carrier 34 e.g. a foamed sheet made of cross-linked elastomeric polyurethane with a thickness of at least 0.50 mm.
  • Such films have high tensile strength with high break resistance and have good recovery properties, which is very important for use as a polishing film. Other advantages are good damping properties and high adhesion to metals.
  • the film can also be thicker than 0.5 mm, e.g. up to 1 mm.
  • the carriage 17 is movable in the direction of an axis X by means of a first feed drive 18.
  • a second feed drive 26 is provided for the slide 25, which enables movement in the direction of an axis Z.
  • the head 20 is pivotable about a transverse axis Y, for which a third feed drive 22 is used, which is arranged parallel to the axis X. You can see that by simple Interaction of the two linear drives 18, 26 in the direction of the axes X and Z, the tool spindle 30 with its polishing tool 32 can be moved either via the lens L on the holder 42 or via the dressing tool 50 on the holder 43.
  • the pivoting movement of the head 20 about the transverse axis Y in conjunction with the rotary movements of the spindles 30, 40, 41 enables the movements necessary for the polishing of the workpiece L and the dressing of the polishing tool 32 to be produced without problems.
  • the lens L is clamped in the holding device 42.
  • This is a special membrane chuck with a rubber membrane (not shown) which can be pressurized with compressed air via a device (not shown).
  • the dressing tool 50 for example a special cup dressing tool, is inserted into the holder 43 of the second spindle 41. Lens L and dressing tool 50 are moved into their working position by means of the feed drive 28. The data parameters required for lens processing are then called up so that computer R can determine the required machining contour.
  • the polishing tool 32 already installed in the tool spindle 30 is now moved by means of the feed drives 18, 26 over the dressing tool 32 and dressed according to the required geometries.
  • the optimally prepared polishing tool 32 then moves into the working position above the first spindle 40 with the lens L to be polished.
  • the polishing process can now be carried out simply or using the menu-guided segment correction technique.
  • a polishing agent is introduced between lens L and polishing tool 32 by means of a feed device (not shown), the selection and mixing of which depends on the glass material to be processed. CeO 2 in aqueous solution is preferably used.
  • the polishing agent carrier 34 used and the polishing agent used an optimal contact pressure is exerted on the lens L via the rubber membrane (not shown), which is optimally adapted by the process computer R and the control unit S by means of the compressed air can.
  • the surface of the lens L can be measured outside the machine 10 or, if a suitable measuring technique is installed, also inside the machine 10. Any geometry errors found are then transmitted to the computer R either via the input part E or via the data interface.
  • the latter transmits the correction data to the control unit S, which moves the polishing tool 32 again via the dressing tool 50 by means of the CNC axes X, Y, Z.
  • the tool 32 is optimally dressed in accordance with the correction specifications.
  • polishing agent carriers, polishing agents or glass material are stored in a memory (not shown) and can be called up at any time. In this way, many different surface geometries can be produced effectively and with extremely precise reproducibility; Even unusual surface structures can be easily produced between two lens series without having to carry out complex retrofitting work. After the polishing tool has been corrected, the final polishing process or a subsequent lens in this series is polished.
  • the invention is not restricted to one of the above-described embodiments.
  • a device 10 for polishing glass lenses L as a CNC machine tool has a feed drive 18 with a rotatingly driven tool spindle 30 for receiving a polishing tool 32.
  • a second feed drive 26 at a fixed distance A, there is a rotatably mounted workpiece spindle 40 for receiving a lens L and a further tool spindle 41 rotatably mounted parallel to the latter for receiving a dressing tool 50.
  • a relative pivoting can be carried out between the polishing tool 32 and the lens L or the dressing tool 50, for example a pot tool.
  • the polishing tool 32 has a carrier 33 for receiving a polishing agent carrier 34, which is preferably a polyurethane film; before and / or after a polishing process, it is dressed in a microprocessor-controlled manner without changing the position, polishing tool 32 and dressing tool 50 being drivable in the same direction of rotation.
  • a polishing agent carrier 34 which is preferably a polyurethane film

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Polieren sphärischer Linsenoberflächen gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist aus DE-A-3 932 197 bekannt.The invention relates to a device for polishing spherical lens surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a device is known from DE-A-3 932 197.

Die Bearbeitung von optischem Glas erfolgt in mehreren Bearbeitungsstufen. Zunächst wird die Oberfläche eines grob vorgeformten Glasrohlings in einem oder mehreren Schleifprozessen vorbehandelt und anschließend mittels Feinschleifstufen einem gewünschten Kugelradius angepaßt. Dabei sollte die Radiustoleranz und die noch zulässige Asphärizität unter 1 bis 2 µm liegen. Man erreicht dies beispielsweise im Kugelschnittverfahren oder in einem Tangential-Topfschleifverfahren. Nach dem Feinschleifen hat das Glas gewöhnlich noch eine Rauhtiefe von etwa 3 bis 8 µm, so daß hindurchtretendes Licht wahllos zerstreut wird.Optical glass is processed in several stages. First, the surface of a roughly preformed glass blank is pretreated in one or more grinding processes and then adapted to a desired sphere radius using fine grinding stages. The radius tolerance and the permissible asphericity should be less than 1 to 2 µm. This can be achieved, for example, using the ball cut process or a tangential cup grinding process. After the fine grinding, the glass usually still has a roughness depth of about 3 to 8 μm, so that light passing through it is scattered indiscriminately.

Um eine präzise Abbildung mit einer geschliffenen Linse zu ermöglichen, ist eine weitere Behandlung der Glasoberfläche erforderlich. Durch Polieren wird zum einen die Rauhtiefe weiter verringert, zum anderen werden letzte Abweichungen vom geforderten Kugelradius bzw. von der gewünschten Sphäre beseitigt. Dazu bewirkt man eine gleitende Bewegung zwischen der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks und einem Polierwerkzeug, das als Aufnahme für einen Poliermittelträger ausgebildet ist. Dieser ermöglicht in Verbindung mit einem Poliermittel den Polierabtrag und damit eine Anpassung bzw. eine Glättung der Werkstückoberfläche.Further treatment of the glass surface is required to enable precise imaging with a ground lens. On the one hand, the roughness depth is further reduced by polishing, on the other hand, last deviations from the required radius of the sphere or from the desired sphere are eliminated. For this purpose, a sliding movement is effected between the surface of a workpiece and a polishing tool, which is designed as a receptacle for a polishing agent carrier. In conjunction with a polishing agent, this enables polishing removal and thus adaptation or smoothing of the workpiece surface.

Sehr hohe Anforderungen werden an das Poliermittel und an den Poliermittelträger gestellt. Letzterer muß u.a. formbar sein, um den erforderlichen Werkstückradius annehmen zu können, er muß sich gut mit dem Werkzeugträger verbinden lassen und er darf keine Verunreinigungen enthalten, die zur Beschädigung der Glasoberfläche führen könnten. Gut geeignet sind z.B. elastomere Folien aus geschäumtem Polyurethan, die aufgrund ihrer guten mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften diesen Anforderungen weitgehend gerecht werden. Die Anforderungen an ein Poliermittel sind nicht unmittelbar auf meßbare Größen zurückzuführen, so daß sich die Auswahl und Mischung des Poliermittels im wesentlichen auf Erfahrungswerte stützt. Verwendet werden vorwiegend Suspensionen fein gemahlener Oxide von drei- und vierwertigen Metallen, die allerdings stark von dem zu bearbeitenden Werkstoff abhängen.Very high demands are placed on the polishing agent and the polishing agent carrier. The latter must include be malleable to be able to assume the required workpiece radius, it must be easy to connect to the tool holder and it must not contain any contaminants that could damage the glass surface. For example, well suited elastomer foils made of foamed polyurethane, which largely meet these requirements due to their good mechanical and chemical properties. The requirements for a polishing agent cannot be directly attributed to measurable sizes, so that the selection and mixing of the polishing agent is based essentially on experience. Suspensions of finely ground oxides of trivalent and tetravalent metals are predominantly used, which however depend strongly on the material to be processed.

Vielfach bestimmt ein Bearbeitungs-Werkzeug die Gestalt eines Werkstücks, bei Glaswerkstoffen allerdings nicht in dem Maße wie beispielsweise in der zerspanenden Metallbearbeitung. Insbesondere beim Polieren von Glaslinsen erfolgt eine verschleißbedingte Anpassung des Poliermittelträgers an die Oberfläche des Werkstücks, so daß sich bereits nach der Bearbeitung nur weniger Flächen der Werkzeugradius verändert hat. Die Sollkontur der Linsen-Oberfläche liegt rasch außerhalb der vorgegebenen Toleranzen. Dies macht es erforderlich, den Poliermittelträger während des Polierprozesses in regelmäßigen Abständen an den geforderten Kugelradius abzurichten, d.h. so anzupassen, daß Formtreue und Griffigkeit des Polierwerkzeugs erhalten bleiben.In many cases, a machining tool determines the shape of a workpiece, but not to the same extent for glass materials as, for example, in metal machining. Particularly when polishing glass lenses, the polishing agent carrier is adjusted to the surface of the workpiece due to wear, so that only a few areas of the tool radius have changed after machining. The target contour of the lens surface quickly lies outside the specified tolerances. This makes it necessary to align the polishing agent carrier at regular intervals to the required ball radius during the polishing process, i.e. To adapt so that the shape and grip of the polishing tool are retained.

Das Abrichten eines Polierwerkzeugs erfolgt gewöhnlich außerhalb der Poliermaschine auf speziellen Abricht-Maschinen. Dabei handelt es sich beispielsweise um Hebelmaschinen mit diamantpelletbelegten Flächenwerkzeugen, deren Einstellung empirisch erfolgt. Darüberhinaus muß das Polierkorrekturwerkzeug mittels eines gesondert anzufertigenden Sonderwerkzeugs eingeschliffen werden, bevor die eigentliche Korrektur des Polierwerkzeugs erfolgen kann. Oft sind mehrere Nachkorrekturen des Korrekturwerkzeugs und ggf. auch des Einschleifwerkzeugs erforderlich, so daß dieses Verfahren äußerst mühsam und sehr kostenintensiv ist. Sein Erfolg hängt von dem Geschick und der Erfahrung des Bedieners ab, so daß speziell geschultes Fachpersonal erforderlich ist. Beim Abrichten mit Flächenwerkzeugen muß für jeden Radius ein eigenes Polierkorrekturwerkzeug angefertigt werden.A polishing tool is usually dressed outside the polishing machine on special dressing machines. These are, for example, lever machines with surface tools covered with diamond pellets, the setting of which is done empirically. In addition, the polishing correction tool must be ground in by means of a special tool to be produced separately before the actual correction of the polishing tool can take place. Often, several corrections of the correction tool and possibly also the grinding tool are required, so that this method is extremely tedious and very cost-intensive. Its success depends on the skill and experience of the operator, so that specially trained specialists are required. When dressing with surface tools, a separate polishing correction tool must be made for each radius.

Eine aus der DD-A5-294 451 bekannte Vorrichtung hat eine drehbar gelagerte Spindel zur Aufnahme eines Topfwerkzeugs sowie eine Spindel zur Aufnahme des abzurichtenden Polierwerkzeugs. Letztere läßt sich seitlich und in ihrer Winkellage zur ersten Spindel verstellen, so daß ein vom Abrichtwerkzeug auf dem Polierwerkzeug beschriebener Kontaktkreis genau im Drehmittelpunkt des Polierwerkzeugs eingreift und der Schnittpunkt der beiden Spindelachsen im Ursprung des Funktionsradius einer mit dem Polierwerkzeug zu fertigenden optischen Funktionsfläche liegt. Über eine Zustellung wird das Polierwerkzeug so lange gegen das Abrichtwerkzeug geführt, bis die Fläche auf dem Poliermittelträger gleichmäßig bearbeitet ist. Nach Beendigung des Abrichtvorgangs ist auch hier wieder ein Ummontieren des Polierwerkzeugs von der Abrichtmaschine auf die Poliermaschine erforderlich, was zu ungenutzten Stillstandszeiten führt.A device known from DD-A5-294 451 has a rotatably mounted spindle for receiving a pot tool and a spindle for receiving the polishing tool to be dressed. The latter can be adjusted laterally and in its angular position to the first spindle, so that a contact circle described by the dressing tool on the polishing tool engages exactly in the center of rotation of the polishing tool and the intersection of the two spindle axes lies in the origin of the functional radius of an optical functional surface to be produced with the polishing tool. The polishing tool is fed against the dressing tool via an infeed until the surface on the polishing medium carrier is machined evenly. After the dressing process has ended, the polishing tool has to be reassembled from the dressing machine to the polishing machine, which leads to unused downtimes.

Für das Herstellen von Linsen hoher Präzision, die als hochspezialisierte Produkte in kleinen bis mittleren Serien aufgelegt werden, ist eine derartige Vorgehensweise zu aufwendig und zu teuer. Die zahlreichen Umbauphasen während des Polierprozesses führen zu hohen Personal- und Werkzeugkosten, also zu einem hohen Fixkostenanteil bei den Herstellkosten. Damit aber die Produkte auf dem Markt konkurrenzfähig bleiben, ist eine Kostenreduzierung unbedingt erforderlich. Ein weiterer Nachteil der vorgenannten Verfahren besteht darin, daß eine präzise Fehlerbehebung im Polierwerkzeug nicht oder nur bedingt möglich ist, denn die häufigen Wechsel des Polierwerkzeugs von der Poliermaschine auf die Abrichtmaschine und umgekehrt führen zu neuen Ungenauigkeiten. Diese ließen sich selbst bei Inkaufnahme eines großen mechanischen Aufwandes für die Werkzeugaufnahmen nur teilweise beseitigen.Such a procedure is too complex and expensive for the production of high-precision lenses, which are launched as highly specialized products in small to medium series. The numerous renovation phases during the polishing process lead to high personnel and tool costs, that is to say a high proportion of fixed costs in manufacturing costs. However, in order for the products to remain competitive on the market, a cost reduction is essential. Another disadvantage of the aforementioned methods is that precise troubleshooting in the polishing tool is not possible or is possible only to a limited extent, since the frequent changing of the polishing tool from the polishing machine to the dressing machine and vice versa leads to new inaccuracies. These could only be partially eliminated even if a large mechanical effort for the tool holders was accepted.

Ein wesentliches Ziel der Erfindung ist die Schaffung einer Vorrichtung, mit der man den Polierprozeß sphärischer Linsen wesentlich verbessern und beschleunigen kann. Ferner soll eine geringe Bearbeitungsdauer bei hoher Präzision erzielbar sein, ohne daß eine wiederholte Nachbearbeitung notwendig würde. Ein weiteres wichtiges Ziel der Erfindung besteht darin, Auswirkungen des Polierwerkzeug-Verschleißes auf den Poliervorgang weitestgehend herabzusetzen.An essential object of the invention is to provide a device with which the polishing process of spherical lenses can be significantly improved and accelerated. Furthermore, it should be possible to achieve a short processing time with high precision without the need for repeated post-processing. Another important object of the invention is to minimize the effects of polishing tool wear on the polishing process.

Hauptmerkmale der Erfindung sind im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegeben. Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2 bis 10.Main features of the invention are specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Refinements are the subject of claims 2 to 10.

Bei einer Vorrichtung zum Polieren sphärischer Oberflächen von Linsen, namentlich aus Glas, mit einer rotierend angetriebenen Werkzeugspindel zur Aufnahme eines Polierwerkzeugs, das mittels eines ersten Vorschubantriebs entlang einer Achse verfahrbar ist, und mit einer drehbar um eine Achse gelagerten Werkstückspindel zur Aufnahme der Linse, die mittels eines zweiten Vorschubantriebs entlang der Drehachse in eine Bearbeitungsposition verfahrbar ist, wobei zwischen dem Polierwerkzeug und der Linse eine Relativschwenkung um eine Querachse ausführbar ist, sieht die Erfindung vor, daß parallel zu der Werkstückspindel eine weitere drehbar gelagerte Werkzeugspindel zur Aufnahme eines Abrichtwerkzeugs vorhanden ist, wobei die Werkstückspindel und die weitere Werkzeugspindel in festem Abstand zueinander auf einem gemeinsamen Schlitten angeordnet sind und einen gemeinsamen Vorschubantrieb aufweisen. Das Abrichten des Polierwerkzeugs kann somit während des Polierprozesses innerhalb der Poliermaschine durchgeführt werden, was herkömmlich nicht möglich war. Den Polierprozeß unterbrechende Umbau- bzw. Umrüstphasen entfallen, so daß die Bearbeitungszeiten erheblich reduziert werden. Dies wirkt sich äußerst günstig auf die Herstellkosten aus. Darüberhinaus wird die Qualität der polierten Linsen beträchtlich erhöht, weil bisher aufgetretene Wechsel-Ungenauigkeiten vollständig entfallen.In a device for polishing spherical surfaces of lenses, namely made of glass, with a rotatingly driven tool spindle for receiving a polishing tool, which can be moved along an axis by means of a first feed drive, and with a workpiece spindle rotatably mounted about an axis for receiving the lens, the can be moved into a machining position along the axis of rotation by means of a second feed drive, a relative pivoting about a transverse axis being able to be carried out between the polishing tool and the lens, the invention provides that a further rotatably mounted tool spindle for receiving a dressing tool is provided parallel to the workpiece spindle, wherein the workpiece spindle and the further tool spindle are arranged at a fixed distance from one another on a common slide and have a common feed drive. The dressing of the polishing tool can thus be carried out during the polishing process inside the polishing machine, which was conventionally not possible. The polishing process interrupting conversion or changeover phases are omitted, so that the processing times are significantly reduced. This has an extremely favorable effect on the manufacturing costs. In addition, the quality of the polished lenses is increased considerably, because previously inaccuracies in change have been completely eliminated.

Zwar ist in DE 39 32 197 A1 eine Wiederaufarbeitungseinrichtung für ein Schleifwerkzeug beschrieben, mit der das Festsetzen von Schleifschlammrückständen zwischen dem Werkzeug und der Werkstückoberfläche verhindert werden soll. Die dafür vorgesehene Elektrode ist unmittelbar an der Werkstückhalterung angebracht und mittels einer Spannungsversorgung gegenüber dem Werkzeug auf ein negatives Spannungspotential gelegt. Dies konnte jedoch der Fachwelt keinerlei Hinweis dazu vermitteln, bei einer Poliervorrichtung neben der Werkstückwelle eine weitere Welle bzw. einen weiteren Spindelantrieb zur Aufnahme eines Abrichtwerkzeugs vorzusehen. Vielmehr bezweckt die vorbekannte Elektroden-Anordnung einen Reinigungseffekt parallel zu dem Schleifprozeß, indem zwischen einer Ringelektrode und dem Werkzeug eine Spannungsdifferenz angelegt wird. Eine verschleißbedingte Verringerung des zwischen der Elektrode und dem Werkzeug notwendigen Spaltabstands muß ausgeglichen werden, was wiederum das Abrichten des Werkzeugs auf einer separaten Abrichtmaschine erfordert. Hingegen entfallen bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung alle den Polierprozeß unnötig unterbrechenden Umbau- bzw. Umrüstphasen vollständig, so daß die Bearbeitungszeiten erheblich verkürzt werden. Aufgrund des geringeren Arbeitsaufwandes werden zudem die Kosten für einen Poliervorgang drastisch reduziert. Eine zusätzliche oder externe Steuerung für das Abrichtwerkzeug ist ebensowenig erforderlich wie eine eigene Lagerung, denn beides ist bereits von der Werkstückspindel her vorhanden und man kann das Polierwerkzeug mit dem in festem Abstand unmittelbar neben der Werkstückspindel angeordneten Abrichtwerkzeug mit hoher Genauigkeit abrichten, d.h. der zu bearbeitenden Werkstückoberfläche anpassen. Dank außerordentlich guter Positioniergenauigkeit lassen sich die einzelnen Arbeitspunkte und -stellungen von Werkstück und Abrichtwerkzeug stets exakt reproduzieren und entsprechend ansteuern, was die Qualität der polierten Werkstücke weiter erhöht.DE 39 32 197 A1 describes a reprocessing device for a grinding tool with which the setting of grinding sludge residues between the tool and the workpiece surface is to be prevented. The electrode provided for this purpose is attached directly to the workpiece holder and is connected to a negative voltage potential with respect to the tool by means of a voltage supply. However, this could not give the experts any indication of providing a further shaft or a further spindle drive in addition to the workpiece shaft for a polishing device for receiving a dressing tool. Rather, the previously known electrode arrangement aims at a cleaning effect parallel to the grinding process in that a voltage difference is applied between a ring electrode and the tool. A wear-related reduction in the gap distance required between the electrode and the tool must be compensated for, which in turn requires dressing the tool on a separate dressing machine. On the other hand, in the device according to the invention, all the conversion or conversion phases which unnecessarily interrupt the polishing process are completely eliminated, so that the processing times are considerably shortened. Because of the lower workload the costs for a polishing process are also drastically reduced. An additional or external control for the dressing tool is no more necessary than a separate storage, because both are already available from the workpiece spindle and the polishing tool can be dressed with high precision with the dressing tool arranged at a fixed distance immediately next to the workpiece spindle, i.e. the one to be machined Adjust workpiece surface. Thanks to exceptionally good positioning accuracy, the individual working points and positions of the workpiece and dressing tool can always be reproduced exactly and controlled accordingly, which further increases the quality of the polished workpieces.

In der Ausbildung von Anspruch 2 trägt die Werkstückspindel eine Halterung in Form eines Membran-Spannfutters, das mit einem Druckluftanschluß versehen ist. Pneumatisch kann der Arbeitsdruck und damit die Kraft, mit der die Linse an das Polierwerkzeug gedrückt wird, präzise eingestellt werden, wodurch man optimale Arbeitsergebnisse erzielt. Zudem kann die Membran zum Auswerfen der Linse verwendet werden. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Handhabung der Linsenaufnahme und einen besonders schonenden Umgang mit der polierten Linse, so daß diese nicht beschädigt wird.In the embodiment of claim 2, the workpiece spindle carries a holder in the form of a membrane chuck, which is provided with a compressed air connection. Pneumatically, the working pressure and thus the force with which the lens is pressed against the polishing tool can be precisely adjusted, thereby achieving optimal work results. The membrane can also be used to eject the lens. This enables easy handling of the lens holder and particularly careful handling of the polished lens so that it is not damaged.

Bevorzugt ist das Abrichtwerkzeug gemäß Anspruch 3 ein Topfwerkzeug. Damit lassen sich sphärische Flächen besonders gleichmäßig und genau bearbeiten. Topfwerkzeuge haben eine außerordentlich gute Standzeit.The dressing tool is preferably a pot tool. This enables spherical surfaces to be machined particularly evenly and precisely. Pot tools have an extremely long service life.

Die Weiterbildung von Anspruch 4 sieht vor, daß das Polierwerkzeug in festem Abstand zu der Querachse angeordnet ist, was maschinelle Vorteile bietet, namentlich in bezug auf Reproduzierbarkeit der Einstellungen.The development of claim 4 provides that the polishing tool is arranged at a fixed distance from the transverse axis, which offers machine advantages, in particular with regard to reproducibility of the settings.

In den Ansprüchen 5 bis 9 sind für den Poliervorgang wichtige Hilfsmittel angegeben. So weist das Polierwerkzeug gemäß Anspruch 5 einen Träger zur Aufnahme eines Poliermittelträgers auf, der laut Anspruch 6 eine 0,5 mm dicke geschäumte Folie aus vernetztem elastomerem Polyurethan oder nach Anspruch 9 eine 0,5 mm dicke Desmopanfolie sein kann. Zum Vorpolieren ist es günstig, wenn der Poliermittelträger im Einklang mit Anspruch 8 Diamantpellets mit Kunststoffbindung aufweist. Verbunden werden die Poliermittelträger mit dem Träger durch Verkleben, nach Anspruch 7 mit einem Zweikomponentenkleber. Dies gewährleistet eine einfache und problemlose Handhabung der Polierfolien.In the claims 5 to 9 important tools are specified for the polishing process. Thus, the polishing tool according to claim 5 has a carrier for receiving a polishing agent carrier, which according to claim 6 can be a 0.5 mm thick foamed film made of cross-linked elastomeric polyurethane or according to claim 9 a 0.5 mm thick desmopane film. For pre-polishing, it is favorable if the polishing agent carrier has diamond pellets with a plastic bond in accordance with claim 8. The polishing agent carriers are connected to the carrier by gluing, according to claim 7 with a two-component adhesive. This ensures simple and easy handling of the polishing foils.

Eine wichtige Maßnahme der Erfindung besteht laut Anspruch 10 darin, daß die Achsen der Vorschubantriebe die Achsen einer CNC-Maschine sind. Dadurch werden die Personalkosten enorm reduziert, weil das Abrichten der Polierwerkzeuge auf gesonderten Abrichtmaschinen nicht mehr von speziell geschultem Fachpersonal gemacht werden muß. Nunmehr ist es möglich, das Abrichten vollautomatisch und mit überaus geringem Zeitaufwand durchzuführen, wobei sich die Fertigungsmöglichkeiten einer modernen CNC-Maschine optimal ausnutzen lassen. Eine weitere Verkürzung der Bearbeitungszeit erzielt man, indem eine Überprüfung der geometrischen Eigenschaften der polierten Linse innerhalb der Maschine durchgeführt wird.An important measure of the invention according to claim 10 is that the axes of the feed drives are the axes of a CNC machine. As a result, personnel costs are reduced enormously, because the dressing of the polishing tools on separate dressing machines no longer has to be done by specially trained specialist personnel. It is now possible to carry out the dressing fully automatically and with extremely little time, whereby the manufacturing possibilities of a modern CNC machine can be optimally used. A further reduction in the machining time is achieved by checking the geometric properties of the polished lens within the machine.

Weitere Merkmale, Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem Wortlaut der Ansprüche sowie aus der folgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der Zeichnungen. Darin zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Grundschema einer Poliervorrichtung in Verbindung mit einer CNC-Werkzeugmaschine,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Polierwerkzeugs bei sphärischer Linsenbearbeitung,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Polierwerkzeugs während des Abricht-Vorgangs und
Fig. 4
eine schematisierte Schrägansicht einer CNC-Poliermaschine.
Further features, details and advantages of the invention result from the wording of the claims and from the following description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawings. In it show:
Fig. 1
a basic diagram of a polishing device in connection with a CNC machine tool,
Fig. 2
1 shows a schematic side view of a polishing tool for spherical lens processing,
Fig. 3
is a schematic side view of a polishing tool during the dressing process and
Fig. 4
a schematic oblique view of a CNC polishing machine.

Eine in Fig. 1 insgesamt mit 10 bezeichnete Poliervorrichtung ist auf der Grundlage einer CNC-Werkzeugmaschine aufgebaut und mit (nicht gezeigten) hochdynamischen Servomotoren ausgestattet. Nicht dargestellte Interpolatoren sorgen dafür, daß die Werkzeugführung nach Vorgabe der Bearbeitungskontur in feinsten Schritten - d.h. quasikontinuierlich - gesteuert werden kann und so die Herstellung exakt polierter Oberflächen gewährleistet. Insbesondere können Ausgleichsbewegungen durch numerische Steuerung von Vorschubantrieben berücksichtigt werden.A polishing device, designated overall by 10 in FIG. 1, is constructed on the basis of a CNC machine tool and is equipped with highly dynamic servomotors (not shown). Interpolators, not shown, ensure that the tool guide in the finest steps - i.e. the machining contour quasi-continuous - can be controlled and thus guarantees the production of precisely polished surfaces. In particular, compensating movements can be taken into account by numerically controlling feed drives.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch die modulare Grundstruktur der Poliervorrichtung 10. Sie hat als CNC-Poliermaschine eine Bedientafel B, vorzugsweise mit einem Bildschirm, sowie einen Eingabeteil E, der als Tastatur ausgebildet sein kann. Beide Einheiten B, E stehen mit einem Mikroprozessor-Rechner R in Verbindung, der die Berechnung der Bearbeitungskonturen durchführt und die notwendigen Steuerbefehle an eine Steuereinheit S zur Ansteuerung von Achsen X, Y, Z weiterleitet. Die Eingabe der erforderlichen Linsen-Parameter zur Berechnung der Bearbeitungskontur erfolgt entweder über die Tastatur oder über eine geeignete (nicht gezeigte) Daten-Schnittstelle. Die Bewegungen der einzelnen CNC-Achsen X, Y, Z werden mit Hilfe von Präzisionsmeßsystemen M1, M2, M3 überwacht, die mit dem Rechner R verbunden sind, so daß notwendige Korrekturen sofort an die Steuereinheit S weitergeleitet werden können. Abweichungen von den Eingabewerten lassen sich sofort in Korrekturvorgaben umsetzen, die einen entsprechenden Abrichtvorgang des Polierwerkzeugs steuern.1 schematically shows the modular basic structure of the polishing device 10. As a CNC polishing machine, it has an operating panel B, preferably with a screen, and an input part E, which can be designed as a keyboard. Both units B, E are connected to a microprocessor computer R which carries out the calculation of the machining contours and the necessary ones Forwarding control commands to a control unit S for controlling axes X, Y, Z. The lens parameters required for calculating the machining contour are entered either via the keyboard or via a suitable (not shown) data interface. The movements of the individual CNC axes X, Y, Z are monitored with the aid of precision measuring systems M1, M2, M3, which are connected to the computer R, so that necessary corrections can be passed on to the control unit S immediately. Deviations from the input values can immediately be converted into correction specifications that control a corresponding dressing process of the polishing tool.

Die Poliervorrichtung 10 hat gemäß Fig. 4 ein Gestell 12 mit einem Tischfläche 14, auf dem ein Horizontalrahmen 16 angeordnet ist. Darauf ist ein Schlitten 17 mit einem Gehäuse 19 verschieblich gelagert. Mit dem Gehäuse 19 ist ein Kopf 20 verbunden, der einen Riementrieb 21 enthält und eine von einem Motor 23 angetriebene Werkzeugspindel 30 haltert. An einem Vertikalrahmen 24 ist ein Schlitten 25 angeordnet, der einen Drehantrieb 28 für zwei daran parallel gehalterte Rotationsspindeln 40, 41 aufweist. Die erste Spindel 40 trägt eine Aufnahmevorrichtung 42 für eine Linse L, die zweite Spindel 41 eine Halterung 43 für ein Abrichtwerkzeug 50 (Fig. 2 und 3). Dabei ist es problemlos möglich, die Positionen der Spindeln 40, 41 untereinander auszutauschen, so daß dann die Spindel 40 das Abrichtwerkzeug 50 und die Spindel 41 die zu polierende Linse L trägt.4, the polishing device 10 has a frame 12 with a table surface 14 on which a horizontal frame 16 is arranged. A slide 17 with a housing 19 is slidably mounted thereon. A head 20 is connected to the housing 19 and contains a belt drive 21 and supports a tool spindle 30 driven by a motor 23. A carriage 25 is arranged on a vertical frame 24 and has a rotary drive 28 for two rotating spindles 40, 41 held parallel to it. The first spindle 40 carries a receiving device 42 for a lens L, the second spindle 41 a holder 43 for a dressing tool 50 (FIGS. 2 and 3). It is easily possible to exchange the positions of the spindles 40, 41 with one another, so that the spindle 40 then carries the dressing tool 50 and the spindle 41 carries the lens L to be polished.

An der Werkzeugspindel 30 ist eine Halterung 31 befestigt, die ein Polierwerkzeug 32 aufnimmt. Dieses besitzt einen Träger 33 mit einem Poliermittelträger 34, z.B. eine geschäumte Folie aus vernetztem elastomerem Polyurethan mit einer Dicke von wenigstens 0,50 mm. Derartige Folien haben hohe Zugfestigkeit bei großer Bruchhemmung und weisen ein gutes Rückformverhalten auf, was für eine Anwendung als Polierfolie sehr wichtig ist. Weitere Vorzüge sind gute Dämpfungseigenschaften und hohe Haftfähigkeit auf Metallen. Je nach Anwendungsfall kann die Folie auck dicker als 0,5 mm ausgebildet sein, z.B. bis zu 1 mm.A holder 31 is fastened to the tool spindle 30 and receives a polishing tool 32. This has a carrier 33 with a polishing agent carrier 34, e.g. a foamed sheet made of cross-linked elastomeric polyurethane with a thickness of at least 0.50 mm. Such films have high tensile strength with high break resistance and have good recovery properties, which is very important for use as a polishing film. Other advantages are good damping properties and high adhesion to metals. Depending on the application, the film can also be thicker than 0.5 mm, e.g. up to 1 mm.

Der Schlitten 17 ist mittels eines ersten Vorschubantriebs 18 in Richtung einer Achse X beweglich. Für den Schlitten 25 ist ein zweiter Vorschubantrieb 26 vorgesehen, der eine Bewegung in Richtung einer Achse Z ermöglicht. Der Kopf 20 ist um eine Querachse Y schwenkbar, wozu ein dritter Vorschubantrieb 22 dient, der parallel zur Achse X angeordnet ist. Man erkennt, daß durch einfaches Zusammenwirken der beiden Linearantriebe 18, 26 in Richtung der Achsen X und Z die Werkzeugspindel 30 mit ihrem Polierwerkzeug 32 entweder über die Linse L auf der Halterung 42 oder über das Abrichtwerkzeug 50 auf der Halterung 43 verfahrbar ist. Durch die Schwenkbewegung des Kopfes 20 um die Querachse Y in Verbindung mit den Drehbewegungen der Spindeln 30, 40, 41 lassen sich die für das Polieren des Werkstücks L und die für das Abrichten des Polierwerkzeugs 32 notwendigen Bewegungen problemlos erzeugen.The carriage 17 is movable in the direction of an axis X by means of a first feed drive 18. A second feed drive 26 is provided for the slide 25, which enables movement in the direction of an axis Z. The head 20 is pivotable about a transverse axis Y, for which a third feed drive 22 is used, which is arranged parallel to the axis X. You can see that by simple Interaction of the two linear drives 18, 26 in the direction of the axes X and Z, the tool spindle 30 with its polishing tool 32 can be moved either via the lens L on the holder 42 or via the dressing tool 50 on the holder 43. The pivoting movement of the head 20 about the transverse axis Y in conjunction with the rotary movements of the spindles 30, 40, 41 enables the movements necessary for the polishing of the workpiece L and the dressing of the polishing tool 32 to be produced without problems.

Zu Beginn eines Polierprozesses wird die Linse L in der Aufnahmevorrichtung 42 eingespannt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein spezielles Membran-Spannfutter mit einer (nicht gezeigten) Gummi-Membran, das über eine (nicht dargestellte) Vorrichtung mit Druckluft beaufschlagt werden kann. Das Abrichtwerkzeug 50, beispielsweise ein spezielles Topfabrichtwerkzeug, wird in die Halterung 43 der zweiten Spindel 41 eingesetzt. Linse L und Abrichtwerkzeug 50 werden mittels des Vorschubantriebs 28 in ihre Arbeits-Position gefahren. Anschließend werden die für die Linsenbearbeitung notwendigen Daten-Parameter aufgerufen, so daß der Rechner R die erforderliche Bearbeitungskontur ermitteln kann.At the beginning of a polishing process, the lens L is clamped in the holding device 42. This is a special membrane chuck with a rubber membrane (not shown) which can be pressurized with compressed air via a device (not shown). The dressing tool 50, for example a special cup dressing tool, is inserted into the holder 43 of the second spindle 41. Lens L and dressing tool 50 are moved into their working position by means of the feed drive 28. The data parameters required for lens processing are then called up so that computer R can determine the required machining contour.

Das bereits in der Werkzeugspindel 30 angebaute Polierwerkzeug 32 wird nun mittels der Vorschubantriebe 18, 26 über das Abrichtwerkzeug 32 gefahren und entsprechend den geforderten Geometrien abgerichtet. Danach bewegt sich das optimal vorbereitete Polierwerkzeug 32 in die Arbeitsposition über der ersten Spindel 40 mit der zu polierenden Linse L. Der Poliervorgang kann nunmehr einfach oder in menügeführter Segmentkorrektur-Technik ablaufen.The polishing tool 32 already installed in the tool spindle 30 is now moved by means of the feed drives 18, 26 over the dressing tool 32 and dressed according to the required geometries. The optimally prepared polishing tool 32 then moves into the working position above the first spindle 40 with the lens L to be polished. The polishing process can now be carried out simply or using the menu-guided segment correction technique.

Zwischen Linse L und Polierwerkzeug 32 wird mittels einer (nicht dargestellten) Zuführ-Einrichtung ein Poliermittel eingebracht, dessen Auswahl und Mischung von dem zu bearbeitenden Glas-Werkstoff abhängt. Bevorzugt verwendet man Ceroxid CeO2 in wäßriger Lösung. In Abhängigkeit von dem zu polierenden Material, dem verwendeten Poliermittelträger 34 und dem eingesetzten Poliermittel wird über die (nicht gezeigte) Gummi-Membran auf die Linse L eine optimale Anpreßkraft ausgeübt, die von dem Prozeßrechner R und der Steuereinheit S mittels der Druckluft optimal angepaßt werden kann.A polishing agent is introduced between lens L and polishing tool 32 by means of a feed device (not shown), the selection and mixing of which depends on the glass material to be processed. CeO 2 in aqueous solution is preferably used. Depending on the material to be polished, the polishing agent carrier 34 used and the polishing agent used, an optimal contact pressure is exerted on the lens L via the rubber membrane (not shown), which is optimally adapted by the process computer R and the control unit S by means of the compressed air can.

Nach Beendigung eines Poliervorgangs kann die Oberfläche der Linse L außerhalb der Maschine 10 oder, falls eine geeignete Meßtechnik eingebaut ist, auch innerhalb der Maschine 10 vermessen werden. Dabei etwa festgestellte Geometriefehler werden dann entweder über den Eingabeteil E oder über die Daten-Schnittstelle an den Rechner R übermittelt. Dieser überträgt die Korrekturdaten an die Steuereinheit S, die mittels der CNC-Achsen X, Y, Z das Polierwerkzeug 32 erneut über das Abrichtwerkzeug 50 fährt. Das Werkzeug 32 wird entsprechend den Korrekturvorgaben optimal abgerichtet.After a polishing process has ended, the surface of the lens L can be measured outside the machine 10 or, if a suitable measuring technique is installed, also inside the machine 10. Any geometry errors found are then transmitted to the computer R either via the input part E or via the data interface. The latter transmits the correction data to the control unit S, which moves the polishing tool 32 again via the dressing tool 50 by means of the CNC axes X, Y, Z. The tool 32 is optimally dressed in accordance with the correction specifications.

Die während eines Polierprozesses gewonnenen Daten über die Sollform der Linsen-Oberfläche und deren Abweichungen von den Solivorgaben sowie über die Auswirkungen der Veränderung einzelner Parameter, z.B. Poliermittelträger, Poliermittel oder Glaswerkstoff, werden in einem (nicht dargestellten) Speicher abgelegt und können jederzeit abgerufen werden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich viele verschiedene Oberflächengeometrien effektiv und mit äußerst genauer Reproduzierbarkeit herstellen; selbst ungewöhnliche Oberflächenstrukturen lassen sich problemlos zwischen zwei Linsenserien anfertigen, ohne aufwendige Umrüstarbeiten durchführen zu müssen. Nach erfolgter Polierwerkzeug-Korrektur erfolgt der Endpoliervorgang oder das Polieren einer nachfolgenden Linse dieser Serie.The data obtained during a polishing process about the target shape of the lens surface and its deviations from the solo specifications as well as about the effects of changing individual parameters, e.g. Polishing agent carriers, polishing agents or glass material are stored in a memory (not shown) and can be called up at any time. In this way, many different surface geometries can be produced effectively and with extremely precise reproducibility; Even unusual surface structures can be easily produced between two lens series without having to carry out complex retrofitting work. After the polishing tool has been corrected, the final polishing process or a subsequent lens in this series is polished.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf eine der vorbeschriebenen Ausführungsformen beschränkt. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, die Spindeln 40, 41 auf getrennten Linearführungen anzuordnen und jeweils mit einen eigenen Antrieb zu versehen.The invention is not restricted to one of the above-described embodiments. For example, it is possible to arrange the spindles 40, 41 on separate linear guides and to provide them with their own drives.

Wesentliche Vorteile der Erfindung beruhen darauf, daß ein Auswechseln des Polierwerkzeugs 32 vor oder nach dem Poliervorgang nicht notwendig ist, weil das Abrichten des Poliermittelträgers 34 unmittelbar in der Poliermaschine erfolgt. Die Bearbeitungszeiten und mithin die Herstellungskosten einzelner Kleinserien werden dadurch erheblich reduziert. Wechselungenauigkeiten treten nicht mehr auf, so daß sich Nachjustierungen weitestgehend erübrigen und auch weniger Ausschußware als herkömmlich anfällt.Significant advantages of the invention are based on the fact that a replacement of the polishing tool 32 before or after the polishing process is not necessary because that The polishing agent carrier 34 is dressed directly in the polishing machine. The processing times and thus the manufacturing costs of individual small series are significantly reduced. Change inaccuracies no longer occur, so that readjustments are largely unnecessary and less rejects are incurred than conventionally.

Man erkennt, daß eine Vorrichtung 10 zum Polieren von Glas-Linsen L als CNC-Werkzeugmaschine erfindungsgemäß einen Vorschubantrieb 18 mit einer rotierend angetriebenen Werkzeugspindel 30 zur Aufnahme eines Polierwerkzeugs 32 hat. An einem zweiten Vorschubantrieb 26 sind in festem Abstand A eine drehbar gelagerte Werkstückspindel 40 zur Aufnahme einer Linse L und eine weitere parallel zu dieser drehbar gelagerte Werkzeugspindel 41 zur Aufnahme eines Abrichtwerkzeugs 50 vorhanden. Dabei ist zwischen dem Polierwerkzeug 32 und der Linse L bzw. dem Abrichtwerkzeug 50, beispielsweise einem Topfwerkzeug, eine Relativschwenkung ausführbar. Das Polierwerkzeug 32 weist einen Träger 33 zur Aufnahme eines Poliermittelträgers 34 auf, der bevorzugt eine Polyurethanfolie ist; es wird vor und/oder nach einem Poliervorgang ohne Positionsveränderung mikroprozessorgesteuert abgerichtet, wobei Polierwerkzeug 32 und Abrichtwerkzeug 50 mit gleichem Drehsinn antreibbar sind.It can be seen that a device 10 for polishing glass lenses L as a CNC machine tool according to the invention has a feed drive 18 with a rotatingly driven tool spindle 30 for receiving a polishing tool 32. On a second feed drive 26, at a fixed distance A, there is a rotatably mounted workpiece spindle 40 for receiving a lens L and a further tool spindle 41 rotatably mounted parallel to the latter for receiving a dressing tool 50. A relative pivoting can be carried out between the polishing tool 32 and the lens L or the dressing tool 50, for example a pot tool. The polishing tool 32 has a carrier 33 for receiving a polishing agent carrier 34, which is preferably a polyurethane film; before and / or after a polishing process, it is dressed in a microprocessor-controlled manner without changing the position, polishing tool 32 and dressing tool 50 being drivable in the same direction of rotation.

Claims (10)

  1. Apparatus (10) for polishing spherical surfaces of lenses (L), particularly glass lenses, comprising a rotated tool spindle (30) for receiving a polishing tool (32) which can be moved along an axis (X) by means of a first feeding drive, and comprising a workpiece spindle (40) that is pivotable around an axis (Z) and serves for receiving the lens (L) which latter can be moved along the axis (Z) into a processing position by means of a second feeding drive, with a relative rotation around a transverse axis (Y) being feasible between the polishing tool (32) and the lens (L), wherein there is, parallel to the workpiece spindle (40), a further pivotable workpiece spindle (41) for receiving a dressing tool (50), the workpiece spindle (40) and the further workpiece spindle (41) being arranged on a common carriage (25) at a fixed distance (A) to each other and having a common feeding drive (26).
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece spindle (40) carries a holder (42) in the form of a diaphragm chuck provided with a compressed-air connection.
  3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the dressing tool (50) is a cup-shaped tool.
  4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polishing tool (32) is arranged at a fixed distance to the transverse axis (Y).
  5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the polishing tool (32) has a support (33) receiving a polisher carrier (34).
  6. Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the polisher carrier (34) is a foamed sheet of cross-linked elastomeric polyurethane, preferably having a thickness of approx. 0.5 mm.
  7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the polisher carrier (34) is a desmopane sheet, preferably having a thickness of approx. 0.5 mm.
  8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the polisher carrier (34) comprises plastic-bonded diamond pellets.
  9. Apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the polisher carrier (34) is adhesively fixed to the support (33), preferably by means of a two-component adhesive.
  10. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the axes (X, Y, Z) of the feeding drives (18, 22, 26) are the axes of a CNC machine.
EP19950101961 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Apparatus for polishing spherical lenses Revoked EP0727280B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59500684T DE59500684D1 (en) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Spherical lens surface polishing device
DE29520993U DE29520993U1 (en) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Device for polishing spherical lens surfaces
EP19950101961 EP0727280B1 (en) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Apparatus for polishing spherical lenses

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19950101961 EP0727280B1 (en) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Apparatus for polishing spherical lenses

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0727280A1 EP0727280A1 (en) 1996-08-21
EP0727280B1 true EP0727280B1 (en) 1997-09-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19950101961 Revoked EP0727280B1 (en) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Apparatus for polishing spherical lenses

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0727280B1 (en)
DE (2) DE59500684D1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19910534B4 (en) * 1998-03-14 2005-06-30 Schneider Gmbh + Co. Kg A method of detecting the contact of a tool and a workpiece of an optical machine
US8011996B2 (en) 2000-02-03 2011-09-06 Carl Zeiss Vision Gmbh Polishing head for a polishing machine

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DE19737216A1 (en) * 1997-08-27 1999-03-04 Schneider Gmbh & Co Kg Method of truing polishing tools for polishing optical lenses
DE19737215A1 (en) * 1997-08-27 1999-03-04 Schneider Gmbh & Co Kg Combination tool for polishing glass blanks e.g. optical lenses
DE19737217A1 (en) * 1997-08-27 1999-03-04 Schneider Gmbh & Co Kg Combination tool for rough and fine polishing of optical lenses
DE19750428B4 (en) * 1997-11-14 2007-06-21 Optotech Optikmaschinen Gmbh Method and device for processing lenses
EP0937542A1 (en) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-25 Schneider GmbH + Co. KG Method for polishing optical lenses and polishing apparatus with multiple spindles and tools for carrying out the method
DE102004047563A1 (en) 2004-09-30 2006-04-06 Asphericon Gmbh Method of polishing
CN102601702B (en) * 2011-01-24 2014-03-05 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Processing method for internal sphere of split bearing seat
DE102012206473A1 (en) 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 WZR ceramic solutions GmbH Method for chipping and polishing e.g. glass in injection mold used for manufacturing e.g. spectacle lens, involves chipping processing portion with chipping tool and polishing processing portion with polishing tool
DE102013005573B3 (en) * 2013-04-03 2014-07-17 Universität Bremen Method for manufacturing abrasive body e.g. grinding disk, for ductile grinding, involves arranging diamond grains coaxial with rotation axis, and rotating metal friction surface about another axis, where axes are arranged in same plane
DE102016125206B4 (en) * 2016-12-21 2022-08-18 Thielenhaus Technologies Gmbh Method and machine for finishing a spherically curved surface section of a workpiece using a finishing tool, and a dressing tool for the finishing tool

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JPH0659613B2 (en) * 1988-10-20 1994-08-10 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 Grinding and polishing device and grinding and polishing method
JPH085011B2 (en) * 1989-07-10 1996-01-24 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 Grinding machine
DD294451A5 (en) * 1990-04-04 1991-10-02 Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh,De DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING POLISHING TOOLS WITH SYNTHETIC POLISHING AGENTS
DE4108740A1 (en) * 1991-03-18 1992-09-24 Buderus Schleiftechnik Automatically-controlled grinding machine - detects spacing variations due to thermal expansion of machine with corresponding compensation via machine control

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19910534B4 (en) * 1998-03-14 2005-06-30 Schneider Gmbh + Co. Kg A method of detecting the contact of a tool and a workpiece of an optical machine
US8011996B2 (en) 2000-02-03 2011-09-06 Carl Zeiss Vision Gmbh Polishing head for a polishing machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59500684D1 (en) 1997-10-23
EP0727280A1 (en) 1996-08-21
DE29520993U1 (en) 1996-11-07

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