EP0051136A2 - Grinding machine for simultaneously grinding internal, external and/or plane surfaces of workpieces - Google Patents

Grinding machine for simultaneously grinding internal, external and/or plane surfaces of workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051136A2
EP0051136A2 EP81107178A EP81107178A EP0051136A2 EP 0051136 A2 EP0051136 A2 EP 0051136A2 EP 81107178 A EP81107178 A EP 81107178A EP 81107178 A EP81107178 A EP 81107178A EP 0051136 A2 EP0051136 A2 EP 0051136A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
workpieces
grinding machine
external
workpiece spindle
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Granted
Application number
EP81107178A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0051136A3 (en
EP0051136B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Schreiber
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Buderus AG
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Buderus AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/12—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces both externally and internally with several grinding wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/18—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centreless means for supporting, guiding, floating or rotating work
    • B24B5/185—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centreless means for supporting, guiding, floating or rotating work for internal surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding machine for simultaneous internal and external cylindrical grinding as well as for surface grinding of workpieces, in particular rotationally symmetrical workpieces such as gears or the like.
  • the invention is based on the object of increasing the dimensional accuracy of workpieces which are both internally and externally ground and optionally surface ground, and at the same time reducing the machining time.
  • the workpiece spindle bearing designed as a central bearing enables simultaneous machining on both sides. By clamping the workpiece on the outside diameter and the possible implementation Several grinding operations without reclamping achieve a manufacturing accuracy that was previously not possible and the processing times are reduced to a minimum. If, due to the spatial conditions, not all grinding operations can be carried out in the same position of the tool spindle bearing, this can be moved to other grinding units. The workpiece is not reclamped even then.
  • the use of the center bearing allows a variety of variations. Depending on the workpiece, a wide range of different units can be arranged on both sides of the common substructure.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 different structural units that are matched to the respective purpose are arranged on a common substructure 1 via detachable connecting elements.
  • the workpiece spindle unit 3 which allows the workpiece to be clamped in the center, so that internal grinding units 4, 4 'and external grinding units 5, 5' can simultaneously machine the workpiece 6 on both sides.
  • the directions of rotation of the workpiece spindle and the grinding wheels are expediently chosen such that they are in opposite directions.
  • Fig. 5 is indicated schematically how the parts in contact with each other move to each other. While the workpiece 6 rotates clockwise, the counterclockwise inner grinding wheel 7 engages on the right side and the clockwise rotating grinding wheel 8 on the left side. In this way, the greatest relative speed to each other is achieved.
  • the center bearing 3 which is designed as a hydrodynamic slide support bearing and is driven by the motor 9 via V-belts 10 in the center of the bearing.
  • a concentricity ⁇ 1 my, measured on the centering collar of the center bearing, and a long service life can be achieved.
  • a double membrane chuck can be used as the clamping device, which grips the workpiece on the outside diameter.
  • the example shown in FIG. 3 relates to the simultaneous bore and external grinding of a gear block 11 and corresponds in principle to the diagram according to FIG Automotive transmissions matter.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention fulfills the desire for an optimal concentricity.
  • the gear block 11 is tensioned on both sides with roller cages which contain rollers provided with a bore and mounted on wires, which in turn are fastened in a brass ring.
  • FIG. 6 a simultaneous bore external and face grinding is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the modular principle is used for this in the grinding machine according to the invention.
  • the machine bed is a torsionally rigid welded construction, while the upper and lower slides of the individual structural units 4, 5, 4 ', 5' consist of cast iron. All units have hardened guideway strips and slide roller bearings.
  • the workpiece spindle bearing 3 on the machine bed can also be moved relative to the grinding units 4, 5, so that a two- or multi-station machine arises.
  • the workpiece does not have to be reclamped, so that optimum manufacturing accuracy is still achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

Auf einer Schleifmaschine können Werkstücke gleichzeitig ohne Umspannen innenrand- außenrand- und wahlweise plangeschliffen werden, indem auf einem gemeinsamen Unterbau (1) ein als Mittenlager ausgebildete Werkstückspindeleinheit (3) zum mittigen Einspannen der Werkstücke angeordnet wird. Beidseitig der Werkstückspindeleinheit (3) sind mittels lösbarer Verbindungselemente (2) unterschiedliche Baueinheiten (4, 5) zum Innenrundschleifen, Außenrundschleifen und/oder Planschleifen wahlweise zuzuordnen. Auf diese Weise ist eine optimale Formgenauigkeit der Werkstükke bei geringer Bearbeitungszeit möglich.Workpieces can be ground simultaneously on a grinding machine without reclamping the inner edge, outer edge and optionally face by arranging a workpiece spindle unit (3) designed as a central bearing for central clamping of the workpieces on a common substructure (1). Different components (4, 5) for internal cylindrical grinding, external cylindrical grinding and / or surface grinding can be assigned to both sides of the workpiece spindle unit (3) by means of detachable connecting elements (2). In this way, optimum shape accuracy of the workpieces is possible with a short machining time.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schleifmaschine zum gleichzeitigen Innen- und Außenrundschleifen sowie zum Planschleifen von Werkstücken, insbesondere von rotationssymmetrischen Werkstücken wie Zahnräder oder dgl.The invention relates to a grinding machine for simultaneous internal and external cylindrical grinding as well as for surface grinding of workpieces, in particular rotationally symmetrical workpieces such as gears or the like.

An die Form- und Lagetoleranzen geschliffener Werkstücke werden immer höhere Anforderungen gestellt. Dabei steht der Wunsch nach verbesserter Parallelität, Rechtwinkligkeit, Konzentrizität und Koaxialität geschliffener Bohrungen, Zapfen und Planflächen zueinander an erster Stelle.Ever increasing demands are being placed on the shape and position tolerances of ground workpieces. The desire for improved parallelism, perpendicularity, concentricity and coaxiality of ground bores, spigots and flat surfaces with each other comes first.

Bei einer großen Anzahl von spezifischen Werkstücken war es bisher üblich, Bohrungen und Zapfen auf herkömmlichen Innen- und Außenrundschleifmaschinen nacheinander zu bearbeiten. Diesem Bearbeitungsablauf haftet jedoch der Nachteil an, daß die Werkstücke mehrfach aufgespannt werden müssen. Somit tritt zwangsläufig eine Vergrößerung der Lagetoleranzen geschliffener Bohrungen und Zapfen zueinander auf. Man hat schon vorgeschlagen (DE-OS 29 11 345) bei einer Schleifmaschine seitlich nebeneinander eine Außendurchmesser- und eine Innendurchmesserschleifvorrichtung anzuordnen. Bei der dort aufgezeigten Einspannung werden die ringförmigen Werkstücke gleichzeitig an einer Seite innen und außen geschliffen. Dadurch kann zwar die Zykluszeit gegenüber den herkömmlichen Methoden etwas verringert werden, aber es treten wegen der einseitigen Bearbeitung der Werkstücke unerwünschte Gestaltungsfehler auf, die zu Ungenauigkeiten führen und deshalb mit komplizierten Verfahrensschritten wieder ausgeglichen werden müssen.With a large number of specific workpieces, it has previously been customary to process bores and tenons in succession on conventional internal and external cylindrical grinding machines. However, this processing sequence has the disadvantage that the work pieces have to be clamped several times. This inevitably leads to an increase in the positional tolerances of ground bores and pins with respect to one another. It has already been proposed (DE-OS 29 11 345) to arrange an outer diameter and an inner diameter grinding device side by side in a grinding machine. With the clamping shown there, the ring-shaped workpieces are simultaneously ground on one side inside and outside. Although the cycle time can be somewhat reduced in comparison with the conventional methods, undesirable design errors occur because of the one-sided machining of the workpieces, which lead to inaccuracies and therefore have to be compensated for again with complicated process steps.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Formgenauigkeit von Werkstücken, die sowohl innen als auch außen rundgeschliffen und gegebenenfalls plangeschliffen werden, zu erhöhen und gleichzeitig die Bearbeitungszeit zu vermindern.The invention is based on the object of increasing the dimensional accuracy of workpieces which are both internally and externally ground and optionally surface ground, and at the same time reducing the machining time.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe werden die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches aufgegebenen Merkmale vorgeschlagen.To solve this problem, the features given in the characterizing part of the claim are proposed.

Durch das als Mittenlager ausgebildete Werstückspindellager wird eine beidseitige gleichzeitige Bearbeitung möglich. Durch das Spannen des Werkstückes auf dem Außendurchmesser und die mögliche Durchführung mehrerer Schleifoperationen ohne Umspannen wird eine bisher nicht für möglich gehaltene Fertigungsgenauigkeit erreicht und die Bearbeitungszeiten auf ein Mindestmaß reduziert. Sollten wegen der Raumverhältnisse nicht alle Schleifoperationen in derselben Stellung des Werkzeugspindellagers durchgeführt werden können, so kann dieses zu weiteren Schleifbaueinheiten bewegt werden. Eine Umspannung des Werkstückes erfolgt also auch dann nicht. Die Verwendung des Mittenlagers läßt eine Vielzahl von Variationen zu. Je nach Werkstück können auf dem gemeinsamen Unterbau die verschiedensten Baueinheiten beidseitig angeordnet werden.The workpiece spindle bearing designed as a central bearing enables simultaneous machining on both sides. By clamping the workpiece on the outside diameter and the possible implementation Several grinding operations without reclamping achieve a manufacturing accuracy that was previously not possible and the processing times are reduced to a minimum. If, due to the spatial conditions, not all grinding operations can be carried out in the same position of the tool spindle bearing, this can be moved to other grinding units. The workpiece is not reclamped even then. The use of the center bearing allows a variety of variations. Depending on the workpiece, a wide range of different units can be arranged on both sides of the common substructure.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch die Anordnung verschiedener Baueinheiten beidseitig des mittigen Werkzeugspindellagers in der Draufsicht und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäß II-II der Fig. 1 ebenfalls nur schematisch.
  • Fig. 3 eine detailliertere Darstellung im Bereich des Werkzeugspindellagers gemäß Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch das Werkstückspindellager.
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch das Werkstück an der Schleifstelle.
  • Fig. 6 eine Anordnung für simultanes Bohrungs-, Außen- und Planschleifen.
  • Fig. 7 eine Schleifmaschine mit anderer Zusammenstellung verschiedener Baueinheiten und mit einem verfahrbaren Werkstückspindellager.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the arrangement of different units on both sides of the central tool spindle bearing in plan view and
  • Fig. 2 shows a section according to II-II of Fig. 1 also only schematically.
  • 3 shows a more detailed illustration in the area of the tool spindle bearing according to FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a section through the workpiece spindle bearing.
  • Fig. 5 shows a section through the workpiece at the grinding point.
  • Fig. 6 shows an arrangement for simultaneous drilling, external and face grinding.
  • Fig. 7 is a grinding machine with a different combination of different units and with a movable workpiece spindle bearing.

Nach Fig. 1 und 2 sind auf einem gemeinsamen Unterbau 1 über lösbare Verbindungselemente 2 verschiedene, auf den jeweiligen Zweck abgestimmte Baueinheiten angeordnet. Wesentlich ist die Werkstückspindeleinheit 3, welche die mittige Einspannung des Werkstückes gestattet, sodaß gleichzeitig Innenschleifeinheiten 4, 4' und Außenschleifeinheiten 5, 5' das Werkstück 6 doppelseitig bearbeiten können. Zweckmäßig sind die Drehrichtungen von Werkstückspindel und den Schleifkörpern so gewählt, daß sie gegenläufig sind. In Fig. 5 ist schematisch angedeutet, wie sich die miteinander in Berührung stehenden Teile zueinander bewegen. Während sich das Werkstück 6 im Uhrzeigersinn dreht, greift der sich im Gegenuhrzeigersinn drehende Innenschleifkörper 7 an der rechten Seite und der sich im Uhrzeigersinn drehende Außenschleifkörper 8 an der linken Seite an. Auf diese Weise wird jeweils die größte Relativgeschwindigkeit zueinander erreicht.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, different structural units that are matched to the respective purpose are arranged on a common substructure 1 via detachable connecting elements. What is essential is the workpiece spindle unit 3, which allows the workpiece to be clamped in the center, so that internal grinding units 4, 4 'and external grinding units 5, 5' can simultaneously machine the workpiece 6 on both sides. The directions of rotation of the workpiece spindle and the grinding wheels are expediently chosen such that they are in opposite directions. In Fig. 5 is indicated schematically how the parts in contact with each other move to each other. While the workpiece 6 rotates clockwise, the counterclockwise inner grinding wheel 7 engages on the right side and the clockwise rotating grinding wheel 8 on the left side. In this way, the greatest relative speed to each other is achieved.

Fig. 4 zeigt den Aufbau des als hydrodynamischen Gleitstützenlager ausgebildete Mittenlagers 3, welches vom Motor 9 über Keilriemen 10 in der Lagermitte angetrieben wird. Mit einem solchen Gleitstützenlager kann ein Rundlauf< 1 my, gemessen am Zentrierbund des Mittenlagers, sowie eine lange Lebensdauer erreicht werden.4 shows the structure of the center bearing 3, which is designed as a hydrodynamic slide support bearing and is driven by the motor 9 via V-belts 10 in the center of the bearing. With such a slide support bearing, a concentricity <1 my, measured on the centering collar of the center bearing, and a long service life can be achieved.

Als Spanneinrichtung kann ein Doppelmembranspannfutter dienen, welches das Werkstück auf dem Außendurchmesser erfaßt.A double membrane chuck can be used as the clamping device, which grips the workpiece on the outside diameter.

Das in Fig. 3 dargestellte Beispiel betrifft das simultane Bohrungs- und Außenschleifen eines Zahnradblockes 11 und entspricht im Prinzip dem Schema gemäß Fig. 1. Der Rundlauf der Verzahnung zu den geschliffenen Bohrungen oder Zapfen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für einen geräuscharmen Lauf, was hauptsächlich in Automobilgetrieben von Bedeutung ist. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine kommt man dem Wunsch nach einem optimalen Rundlauf nach. Der Zahnradblock 11 ist beidseitig mit Rollenkäfigen gespannt, welche mit einer Bohrung versehene und auf Drähten aufgezogene Rollen enthalten, die ihrerseits in einem Messingring befestigt sind.The example shown in FIG. 3 relates to the simultaneous bore and external grinding of a gear block 11 and corresponds in principle to the diagram according to FIG Automotive transmissions matter. The grinding machine according to the invention fulfills the desire for an optimal concentricity. The gear block 11 is tensioned on both sides with roller cages which contain rollers provided with a bore and mounted on wires, which in turn are fastened in a brass ring.

Es sind andere gleichzeitige Schleifoperationen durch entsprechende Wahl der Schleifeinheiten durchführbar. Als Beispiel ist in Fig. 6 ein simultanes Bohrungs-Außen- und Planschleifen dargestellt. Hierzu ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine das Baukastenprinzip angewendet. Das Maschinenbett ist eine verwindungssteife Schweißkonstruktion, während die Ober-und Unterschlitten der einzelnen Baueinheiten 4, 5, 4', 5' aus Gußeisen bestehen. Alle Baueinheiten haben gehärtete Führungsbahnleisten und Schlittenrollenlager.Other simultaneous grinding operations can be carried out by appropriate selection of the grinding units. As an example, a simultaneous bore external and face grinding is shown in FIG. 6. The modular principle is used for this in the grinding machine according to the invention. The machine bed is a torsionally rigid welded construction, while the upper and lower slides of the individual structural units 4, 5, 4 ', 5' consist of cast iron. All units have hardened guideway strips and slide roller bearings.

Wenn es die Raumverhältnisse notwendig machen, kann das Werkstückspindellager 3 auf dem Maschinenbett gegenüber den Schleifeinheiten 4, 5 auch verfahren werden, so daß eine Zwei- oder Mehrstationenmaschine entsteht. Das Werkstück muß dabei nicht umgespannt werden, sodaß weiterhin eine optimale Fertigungsgenauigkeit erreicht wird.If the space conditions make it necessary, the workpiece spindle bearing 3 on the machine bed can also be moved relative to the grinding units 4, 5, so that a two- or multi-station machine arises. The workpiece does not have to be reclamped, so that optimum manufacturing accuracy is still achieved.

Claims (5)

1. Schleifmaschine zum gleichzeitigen Innen-Außen- und/oder Planschleifen von Werkstücken gekennzeichnet durch
ein als Mittenlager ausgebildete Werkstückspindeleinheit (3) zum mittigen Einspannen der Werkstücke, welchem auf einem gemeinsamen Unterbau (1) zum gleichzeitigen doppelseitigen Schleifen beidseitig mittels lösbarer Verbindungselemente (2) wahlweise Baueinheiten zum Innenrundschleifen, Außenrundschleifen und/oder Planschleifen zugeordnet sind.1. Grinding machine for simultaneous internal-external and / or surface grinding of workpieces characterized by
a workpiece spindle unit (3) designed as a central bearing for clamping the workpieces in the center, to which optional components for internal cylindrical grinding, external cylindrical grinding and / or face grinding are assigned on a common substructure (1) for simultaneous double-sided grinding on both sides by means of releasable connecting elements (2). 2. Schleifmaschine nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkstückspindeleinheit (3) gegenüber den Baueinheiten zum Innenrund-, Außenrund- oder Planschleifen verfahrbar ist.2. Grinding machine according to claim 1,
characterized in that the workpiece spindle unit (3) can be moved relative to the structural units for internal cylindrical, external cylindrical or face grinding. 3. Schleifmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittenlager als hydrodynamisches oder hydrostatisches Gleitstützenlager ausgebildet ist.3. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the central bearing is designed as a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding support bearing. 4. Schleifmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beidseitig einer Werkstückspindeleinheit (3) je eine aus einer Innen-und einer Außenschleifeinheit bestehendes Baueinheiten-Paar angeordnet ist.4. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on both sides of a workpiece spindle unit (3) is arranged a pair of units consisting of an inner and an outer grinding unit. 5. Schleifmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehrichtung und Anordnung von Werkstück und Schleifkörper so gewählt wird, daß sie sich an den Berührungsstellen gegenläufig bewegen.5. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the direction of rotation and arrangement of workpiece and grinding body is selected so that they move in opposite directions at the points of contact.
EP81107178A 1980-11-05 1981-09-11 Grinding machine for simultaneously grinding internal, external and/or plane surfaces of workpieces Expired EP0051136B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3041663 1980-11-05
DE19803041663 DE3041663A1 (en) 1980-11-05 1980-11-05 METHOD AND MACHINE FOR INNER AND EXTERNAL ROUND GRINDING OF WORKPIECES

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051136A2 true EP0051136A2 (en) 1982-05-12
EP0051136A3 EP0051136A3 (en) 1982-09-08
EP0051136B1 EP0051136B1 (en) 1985-05-22

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EP81107178A Expired EP0051136B1 (en) 1980-11-05 1981-09-11 Grinding machine for simultaneously grinding internal, external and/or plane surfaces of workpieces

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US (1) US4497138A (en)
EP (1) EP0051136B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57102742A (en)
DE (2) DE3041663A1 (en)
ES (1) ES506600A0 (en)

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EP0257194A2 (en) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-02 Buderus Schleiftechnik GmbH Grinding machine for automatically grinding internal or external cylindrical surfaces, plane surfaces and/or internal and external threads
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CN108907930A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-30 重庆任翔科技有限公司 Gear grinding apparatus
DE102015211115B4 (en) 2015-06-17 2022-11-03 Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Process and grinding machine for grinding the external and internal contours of workpieces in one setting

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EP0687523A1 (en) 1994-06-14 1995-12-20 Urs Tschudin Method for centreless cylindrical grinding of a workpiece as well as grinding machine for implementation of the method
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DE3628977A1 (en) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-03 Buderus Kundenguss GRINDING MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC INNER ROUND, PLAN, EXTERNAL ROUND AND / OR INNER AND EXTERNAL THREAD GRINDING
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US8821364B2 (en) 2008-09-02 2014-09-02 Battelle Memorial Institute Brachytherapy seed with fast dissolving matrix for optimal delivery of radionuclides to cancer tissue
DE102015211115B4 (en) 2015-06-17 2022-11-03 Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Process and grinding machine for grinding the external and internal contours of workpieces in one setting
CN108907930A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-30 重庆任翔科技有限公司 Gear grinding apparatus

Also Published As

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DE3041663A1 (en) 1982-06-09
DE3041663C2 (en) 1992-04-30
EP0051136A3 (en) 1982-09-08
DE3170613D1 (en) 1985-06-27
EP0051136B1 (en) 1985-05-22
US4497138A (en) 1985-02-05
JPS57102742A (en) 1982-06-25
ES8300274A1 (en) 1982-11-01
ES506600A0 (en) 1982-11-01

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