EP0051136B1 - Grinding machine for simultaneously grinding internal, external and/or plane surfaces of workpieces - Google Patents

Grinding machine for simultaneously grinding internal, external and/or plane surfaces of workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051136B1
EP0051136B1 EP81107178A EP81107178A EP0051136B1 EP 0051136 B1 EP0051136 B1 EP 0051136B1 EP 81107178 A EP81107178 A EP 81107178A EP 81107178 A EP81107178 A EP 81107178A EP 0051136 B1 EP0051136 B1 EP 0051136B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
external
bearing
workpieces
internal
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Expired
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EP81107178A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0051136A3 (en
EP0051136A2 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Schreiber
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Buderus AG
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Buderus AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/12—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces both externally and internally with several grinding wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/18—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centreless means for supporting, guiding, floating or rotating work
    • B24B5/185—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centreless means for supporting, guiding, floating or rotating work for internal surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding machine with a substructure, corresponding grinding units and a driven workpiece spindle unit for optionally simultaneous internal, external and / or surface grinding of workpieces.
  • ground workpieces in particular of rotationally symmetrical workpieces such as gears or the like, are subject to ever increasing demands.
  • the desire for improved parallelism, perpendicularity, concentricity and coaxiality of ground bores, spigots and flat surfaces with each other comes first.
  • DE-U-1 695 503 shows that, without reclamping the workpiece, it can be ground internally and externally at the same time, in that two grinding heads, which can be set independently of one another and relative to the workpiece headstock, are constructed on separate slides.
  • the inner grinding body can be inserted into the centrally clamped workpiece from one side in order to then polish the pre-ground surface from the opposite side by means of the stationary disc.
  • the aim of the present invention namely to reduce the machining time of both internally and externally round workpieces and possibly to be ground flat with maximum grinding accuracy, is not achieved by any of the grinding machines described above.
  • a key feature is the center bearing, which is designed as a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding support bearing. Such a center bearing is not yet known and had to be developed with considerable effort.
  • US-A-2 142 020 specifies a center bearing, but the construction disclosed there with a normal chuck and conventional bearing surfaces does not allow the required grinding accuracy. While even a ball bearing in the best case achieves a concentricity of 5 my, concentricity values of 1 my measured at the centering collar of the central bearing are achieved with the hydrodynamic / hydrostatic slide support bearing according to the invention. These values can be maintained even after a long period of operation, while the bearings known up to now soon deteriorate due to wear.
  • the workpiece is not reclamped even then.
  • the use of the center bearing allows a variety of variations. Depending on the workpiece, a wide range of different units can be arranged on both sides of the common substructure.
  • the workpiece spindle unit 3 which allows the workpiece to be clamped in the center, so that internal grinding units 4, 4 'and external grinding units 5, 5' can simultaneously machine the workpiece 6 on both sides.
  • the directions of rotation of the workpiece spindle and the grinding wheels are expediently chosen so that they are in opposite directions.
  • 5 schematically indicates how the parts in contact with one another move towards one another. While the workpiece 6 rotates clockwise, the inner grinding body 7 rotating in the counterclockwise direction engages on the right side and the outer grinding body 8 rotating in the clockwise direction engages on the left side. In this way, the greatest relative speed to each other is achieved.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of the center bearing 3, which is designed as a hydrodynamic slide support bearing and is driven by the motor 9 via V-belts 10 in the center of the bearing.
  • a concentricity ⁇ 1 my, measured on the centering collar of the center bearing, and a long service life can be achieved.
  • a double membrane chuck can be used as the clamping device, which grips the workpiece on the outside diameter.
  • the example shown in FIG. 3 relates to the simultaneous drilling and external grinding of a gear block 11 and corresponds in principle to the diagram according to FIG. 1.
  • the concentricity of the toothing to the ground bores or pegs is an essential prerequisite for a quiet running, which is mainly in Automotive transmissions matter.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention fulfills the desire for an optimal concentricity.
  • the gear block 11 is tensioned on both sides with roller cages which contain rollers provided with a bore and wound on wires, which in turn are fastened in a brass ring.
  • a simultaneous drilling, external and face grinding is shown as an example in FIG. 6.
  • the modular principle is used for this in the grinding machine according to the invention.
  • the machine bed is a torsionally rigid welded construction, while the upper and lower carriages of the individual structural units 4, 5, 4 ', 5' consist of cast iron. All units have hardened guideway strips and slide roller bearings.
  • the workpiece spindle bearing 3 can also be moved on the machine bed relative to the grinding units 4, 5, so that a two- or multi-station machine is created.
  • the workpiece does not have to be reclamped so that optimum manufacturing accuracy is still achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schleifmaschine mit einem Unterbau, entsprechenden Schleifeinheiten und einer angetriebenen Werkstückspindeleinheit zum wahlweise gleichzeitigen Innen-, Aussen- und/oder Planschleifen von Werkstücken.The invention relates to a grinding machine with a substructure, corresponding grinding units and a driven workpiece spindle unit for optionally simultaneous internal, external and / or surface grinding of workpieces.

An die Form- und Lagetoleranzen geschliffener Werkstücke, insbesondere von rotationssymmetrischen Werkstücken wie Zahnräder od.dgl., werden immer höhere Anforderungen gestellt. Dabei steht der Wunsch nach verbesserter Parallelität, Rechtwinkligkeit, Konzentrizität und Koaxialität geschliffener Bohrungen, Zapfen und Planflächen zueinander an erster Stelle.The shape and position tolerances of ground workpieces, in particular of rotationally symmetrical workpieces such as gears or the like, are subject to ever increasing demands. The desire for improved parallelism, perpendicularity, concentricity and coaxiality of ground bores, spigots and flat surfaces with each other comes first.

Bei einer grossen Anzahl von spezifischen Werkstücken war es bisher üblich, Bohrungen und Zapfen auf herkömmlichen Innen- und Aussenrundschleifmaschinen nacheinander zu bearbeiten. Diesem Bearbeitungsablauf haftet jedoch der Nachteil an, dass die Werkstücke mehrfach aufgespannt werden müssen. Somit tritt zwangsläufig eine Vergrösserung der Lagetoleranzen geschliffener Bohrungen und Zapfen zueinander auf. Man hat schon vorgeschlagen (DE-A1-2 911345) bei einer Schleifmaschine seitlich nebeneinander eine Aussendurchmesser- und eine Innendurchmesserschleifvorrichtung anzuordnen und so das einseitig eingespannte ringförmige Werkstück gleichzeitig an einer Seite innen und aussen zu schleifen. Dadurch kann zwar die Zykluszeit gegenüber den herkömmlichen Methoden etwas verringert werden, aber es treten wegen der einseitigen Einspannung des Werkstückes unerwünschte Verformungen auf, die zu Ungenauigkeiten führen und deshalb mit komplizierten Verfahrensschritten wieder ausgeglichen werden müssen.With a large number of specific workpieces, it was previously customary to process bores and tenons one after the other on conventional internal and external cylindrical grinding machines. However, this machining process has the disadvantage that the workpieces have to be clamped several times. This inevitably leads to an increase in the positional tolerances of ground bores and tenons with respect to one another. It has already been proposed (DE-A1-2 911345) to arrange an outside diameter and an inside diameter grinding device side by side in a grinding machine and thus simultaneously grind the annular workpiece clamped on one side inside and outside on one side. Although the cycle time can be somewhat reduced in comparison with the conventional methods, undesirable deformations occur because of the one-sided clamping of the workpiece, which lead to inaccuracies and therefore have to be compensated for again with complicated process steps.

Das DE-U-1 695 503 zeigt, dass ohne Umspannen des Werkstückes dieses gleichzeitig innen und aussen geschliffen werden kann, indem zwei unabhängig voneinander sowie gegenüber dem Werkstückspindelkasten zustellbare Schleifköpfe auf gesonderten Schlitten aufgebaut sind.DE-U-1 695 503 shows that, without reclamping the workpiece, it can be ground internally and externally at the same time, in that two grinding heads, which can be set independently of one another and relative to the workpiece headstock, are constructed on separate slides.

Gemäss der US-A-2 142 020 kann in das mittig eingespannte Werkstück von der einen Seite der Innenschleifkörper eingefahren werden, um anschliessend von der Gegenseite die vorgeschliffene Fläche mittels der stillstehenden Scheibe zu polieren.According to US Pat. No. 2,142,020, the inner grinding body can be inserted into the centrally clamped workpiece from one side in order to then polish the pre-ground surface from the opposite side by means of the stationary disc.

In dem in der Zeitschrift «Industrie-Anzeiger» Band 94, Nr. 18/19 auf den Seiten 370 bis 374 beschriebenen Maschinensystem ist allgemein angedeutet, dass eine hydrostatische Lagerung der Bettschieber oder der Spindel die Bearbeitungsgenauigkeit erhöht werden kann.In the machine system described in the magazine “Industrie-Anzeiger” Volume 94, No. 18/19 on pages 370 to 374, it is generally indicated that a hydrostatic bearing of the bed slide or the spindle can increase the machining accuracy.

Das mit vorliegender Erfindung angestrebte Ziel, nämlich bei höchster Schleifgenauigkeit gleichzeitig die Bearbeitungszeit von wahlweise sowohl innen als auch aussen rund zu schleifen-den und gegebenenfalls plan zu schleifenden Werkstücken zu vermindern, wird durch keine der vorbeschriebenen Schleifmaschinen erreicht.The aim of the present invention, namely to reduce the machining time of both internally and externally round workpieces and possibly to be ground flat with maximum grinding accuracy, is not achieved by any of the grinding machines described above.

Diese Aufgabe wird aber, ausgehend vom Stand der Technik gemäss DE-U-1 695 503, mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object is, however, based on the prior art according to DE-U-1 695 503, solved with the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Ein wesentliches Merkmal ist das als hydrodynamisches oder hydrostatisches Gleitstützenlager ausgebildete Mittenlager. Ein solches Mittenlager ist bisher nicht bekannt und musste mit erheblichem Aufwand erst entwickelt werden. In der US-A-2 142 020 ist zwar ein Mittenlager angegeben, die dort offenbarte Konstruktion mit einem normalen Spannfutter und üblichen Lagerflächen erlaubt aber nicht die erforderliche Schleifgenauigkeit. Während selbst ein Kugellager im besten Falle einen Rundlauf von 5 my erreicht, werden mit dem erfindungsgemässen hydrodynamischen/ hydrostatischen Gleitstützenlager Rundlaufwerte von 1 my gemessen am Zentrierbund des Mittenlagers erreicht. Diese Werte können auch noch nach langer Betriebszeit eingehalten werden, während die bisher bekannten Lager infolge Verschleisses bald auf schlechtere Werte zurückgehen. Hinzu kommt, dass mit Hilfe des doppelten Membranspannfutters eine äusserst exakte Einspannung des Werkstückes auf seinem Aussendurchmesser an zwei Stellen, nämlich jeweils am Rande des Mittenlagers möglich ist. In Verbindung mit der möglichen Durchführung mehrerer Schleifoperationen ohne Umspannen wird so eine bisher nicht für möglich gehaltene Fertigungsgenauigkeit erreicht und die Bearbeitungszeiten auf ein Mindestmass reduziert. Sollten wegen der Raumverhältnisse nicht alle Schleifoperationen in derselben Stellung des Werkstückspindellagers durchgeführt werden können, so kann dieses zu weiteren Schleifbaueinheiten bewegt werden.A key feature is the center bearing, which is designed as a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding support bearing. Such a center bearing is not yet known and had to be developed with considerable effort. US-A-2 142 020 specifies a center bearing, but the construction disclosed there with a normal chuck and conventional bearing surfaces does not allow the required grinding accuracy. While even a ball bearing in the best case achieves a concentricity of 5 my, concentricity values of 1 my measured at the centering collar of the central bearing are achieved with the hydrodynamic / hydrostatic slide support bearing according to the invention. These values can be maintained even after a long period of operation, while the bearings known up to now soon deteriorate due to wear. In addition, with the help of the double diaphragm chuck, extremely precise clamping of the workpiece on its outer diameter is possible at two points, namely at the edge of the central bearing. In connection with the possible execution of several grinding operations without reclamping, a manufacturing accuracy previously not considered possible is achieved and the processing times are reduced to a minimum. If not all grinding operations can be carried out in the same position of the workpiece spindle bearing due to the spatial conditions, this can be moved to other grinding units.

Eine Umspannung des Werkstückes erfolgt also auch dann nicht. Die Verwendung des Mittenlagers lässt eine Vielzahl von Variationen zu. Je nach Werkstück können auf dem gemeinsamen Unterbau die verschiedensten Baueinheiten beidseitig angeordnet werden.The workpiece is not reclamped even then. The use of the center bearing allows a variety of variations. Depending on the workpiece, a wide range of different units can be arranged on both sides of the common substructure.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch die Anordnung verschiedener Baueinheiten beidseitig des mittigen Werkzeugspindellagers in der Draufsicht und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäss 11-11 der Fig. 1 ebenfalls nur schematisch.
  • Fig. 3 eine detailliertere Darstellung im Bereich des Werkzeugspindellagers gemäss Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch das Werkstückspindellager.
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch das Werkstück an der Schleifstelle.
  • Fig. 6 eine Anordnung für simultanes Bohrungs-, Aussen- und Planschleifen.
  • Fig. 7 eine Schleifmaschine mit anderer Zusammenstellung verschiedener Baueinheiten und mit einem verfahrbaren Werkstückspindellager.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the arrangement of different units on both sides of the central tool spindle bearing in plan view and
  • Fig. 2 shows a section according to 11-11 of Fig. 1 also only schematically.
  • 3 shows a more detailed illustration in the area of the tool spindle bearing according to FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a section through the workpiece spindle bearing.
  • Fig. 5 shows a section through the workpiece at the grinding point.
  • Fig. 6 shows an arrangement for simultaneous drilling, external and face grinding.
  • Fig. 7 is a grinding machine with a different combination of different units and with a movable workpiece spindle bearing.

Nach Fig. 1 und 2 sind auf einem gemeinsamen Unterbau 1 über lösbare Verbindungselemente 2 verschiedene, auf den jeweiligen Zweck abgestimmte Baueinheiten angeordnet. Wesentlich ist die Werkstückspindeleinheit 3, welche die mittige Einspannung des Werkstückes gestattet, sodass gleichzeitig Innenschleifeinheiten 4, 4' und Aussenschleifeinheiten 5, 5' das Werkstück 6 doppelseitig bearbeiten können. Zweckmässig sind die Drehrichtungen von Werkstückspindel und den Schleifkörpern so gewählt, dass sie gegenläufig sind. In Fig. 5 ist schematisch angedeutet, wie sich die miteinander in Berührung stehenden Teile zueinander bewegen. Während sich das Werkstück 6 im Uhrzeigersinn dreht, greift der sich im Gegenuhrzeigersinn drehende Innenschleifkörper 7 an der rechten Seite und der sich im Uhrzeigersinn drehende Aussenschleifkörper 8 an der linken Seite an. Auf diese Weise wird jeweils die grösste Relativgeschwindigkeit zueinander erreicht.1 and 2 are on a common substructure 1 via releasable connecting elements 2 different, depending on the purpose agreed units arranged. What is essential is the workpiece spindle unit 3, which allows the workpiece to be clamped in the center, so that internal grinding units 4, 4 'and external grinding units 5, 5' can simultaneously machine the workpiece 6 on both sides. The directions of rotation of the workpiece spindle and the grinding wheels are expediently chosen so that they are in opposite directions. 5 schematically indicates how the parts in contact with one another move towards one another. While the workpiece 6 rotates clockwise, the inner grinding body 7 rotating in the counterclockwise direction engages on the right side and the outer grinding body 8 rotating in the clockwise direction engages on the left side. In this way, the greatest relative speed to each other is achieved.

Fig. 4 zeigt den Aufbau des als hydrodynamischen Gleitstützenlager ausgebildeten Mittenlagers 3, welches vom Motor 9 über Keilriemen 10 in der Lagermitte angetrieben wird. Mit einem solchen Gleitstützenlager kann ein Rundlauf < 1 my, gemessen am Zentrierbund des Mittenlagers, sowie eine lange Lebensdauer erreicht werden.FIG. 4 shows the structure of the center bearing 3, which is designed as a hydrodynamic slide support bearing and is driven by the motor 9 via V-belts 10 in the center of the bearing. With such a slide support bearing, a concentricity <1 my, measured on the centering collar of the center bearing, and a long service life can be achieved.

Als Spanneinrichtung kann ein Doppelmembranspannfutter dienen, welches das Werkstück auf dem Aussendurchmesser erfasst.A double membrane chuck can be used as the clamping device, which grips the workpiece on the outside diameter.

Das in Fig. 3 dargestellte Beispiel betrifft das simultane Bohrungs- und Aussenschleifen eines Zahnradblockes 11 und entspricht im Prinzip dem Schema gemäss Fig. 1. Der Rundlauf der Verzahnung zu den geschliffenen Bohrungen oder Zapfen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für einen geräuscharmen Lauf, was hauptsächlich in Automobilgetrieben von Bedeutung ist. Mit der erfindungsgemässen Schleifmaschine kommt man dem Wunsch nach einem optimalen Rundlauf nach. Der Zahnradblock 11 ist beidseitig mit Rollenkäfigen gespannt, welche mit einer Bohrung versehene und auf Drähten aufgezogene Rollen enthalten, die ihrerseits in einem Messingring befestigt sind.The example shown in FIG. 3 relates to the simultaneous drilling and external grinding of a gear block 11 and corresponds in principle to the diagram according to FIG. 1. The concentricity of the toothing to the ground bores or pegs is an essential prerequisite for a quiet running, which is mainly in Automotive transmissions matter. The grinding machine according to the invention fulfills the desire for an optimal concentricity. The gear block 11 is tensioned on both sides with roller cages which contain rollers provided with a bore and wound on wires, which in turn are fastened in a brass ring.

Es sind andere gleichzeitige Schleifoperationen durch entsprechende Wahl der Schleifeinheiten durchführbar. Als Beispiel ist in Fig. 6 ein simultanes Bohrungs-, Aussen- und Planschleifen dargestellt. Hierzu ist bei der erfindungsgemässen Schleifmaschine das Baukastenprinzip angewendet. Das Maschinenbett ist eine verwindungssteife Schweisskonstruktion, während die Ober- und Unterschlitten der einzelnen Baueinheiten 4, 5, 4', 5' aus Gusseisen bestehen. Alle Baueinheiten haben gehärtete Führungsbahnleisten und Schlittenrollenlager.Other simultaneous grinding operations can be carried out by appropriate selection of the grinding units. A simultaneous drilling, external and face grinding is shown as an example in FIG. 6. The modular principle is used for this in the grinding machine according to the invention. The machine bed is a torsionally rigid welded construction, while the upper and lower carriages of the individual structural units 4, 5, 4 ', 5' consist of cast iron. All units have hardened guideway strips and slide roller bearings.

Wenn es die Raumverhältnisse notwendig machen, kann das Werkstückspindellager 3 auf dem Maschinenbett gegenüber den Schleifeinheiten 4, 5 auch verfahren werden, so dass eine Zwei- oder Mehrstationenmaschine entsteht. Das Werkstück muss dabei nicht umgespannt werden, sodass weiterhin eine optimale Fertigungsgenauigkeit erreicht wird.If the space conditions make it necessary, the workpiece spindle bearing 3 can also be moved on the machine bed relative to the grinding units 4, 5, so that a two- or multi-station machine is created. The workpiece does not have to be reclamped so that optimum manufacturing accuracy is still achieved.

Claims (2)

1. Grinding machine for simultaneously grinding internal, external and/or plane surfaces of workpieces, comprising a substructure, respective grinding units (4, 5) and a driven workpiece spindle unit (3), characterized by that
a) the workpiece spindle unit (3) is a centre bearing for centered fixing of the workpieces, this bearing being designed as hydrodynamic or hydrostatic friction support bearing,
b) a double-sided membrane chuck serves as fixture, and
c) optional components for internal, external and/or plane surface grinding are related to the centre bearing on the substructure for simultaneous double-side grinding by means of detachable connection elements.
2. Grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized by that on both sides of the workpiece spindle unit (3) one pair each of components consisting of one internal and one external grinding unit is arranged.
EP81107178A 1980-11-05 1981-09-11 Grinding machine for simultaneously grinding internal, external and/or plane surfaces of workpieces Expired EP0051136B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803041663 DE3041663A1 (en) 1980-11-05 1980-11-05 METHOD AND MACHINE FOR INNER AND EXTERNAL ROUND GRINDING OF WORKPIECES
DE3041663 1980-11-05

Publications (3)

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EP0051136A2 EP0051136A2 (en) 1982-05-12
EP0051136A3 EP0051136A3 (en) 1982-09-08
EP0051136B1 true EP0051136B1 (en) 1985-05-22

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US (1) US4497138A (en)
EP (1) EP0051136B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57102742A (en)
DE (2) DE3041663A1 (en)
ES (1) ES506600A0 (en)

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ES8300274A1 (en) 1982-11-01
US4497138A (en) 1985-02-05
EP0051136A3 (en) 1982-09-08
JPS57102742A (en) 1982-06-25
DE3170613D1 (en) 1985-06-27
ES506600A0 (en) 1982-11-01
EP0051136A2 (en) 1982-05-12
DE3041663C2 (en) 1992-04-30
DE3041663A1 (en) 1982-06-09

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