EP0250610A1 - Toggle, cutting and reshaping press - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an articulated lever press, consisting of a press stand (1.1) and a frame-shaped press ram (2.1), the ram (2.1) having a pressure medium cylinder drive (2.12) arranged on it, which is connected to the multi-joint support (2) guided in the ram (2.1). 2.7) is connected and at least two handlebars (2.8) are movably arranged on the other, each engaging the other on one of the two articulated levers (2.10) or (2.11), which are height-adjustable on the press frame (1.1) and are mounted on the ram (2.1). The main task is to keep the working range of the ram (2.1) adjustable, regardless of the ram stroke, while maintaining the ram guide. It is proposed that the press wheels (1.1) be a two-stand frame which is also partially closed on the front and end. The working area of the ram (2.1) in the stand (1.1) is carried and adjusted by synchronously driven spindles (2.2), which are assigned to the stand (1.1) via guide crossbeams (2.4) provided with spindle bearings (2.3). The guide crossbeams (2.4) are provided on the underside with bearings (2.3.1) for the hanging arrangement of the articulated lever pairs (2.10 / 2.11) to be connected with the tappet (2.1) and (2.9).

Description

The invention relates to an articulated lever, cutting and forming press, consisting of a single or multiple press stand and one or more, generally closed, frame-shaped press ram (s), the ram (s) - in each case between two with their joints Symmetrically identical articulated lever systems buckling towards the center of the press - has a pressure medium cylinder drive arranged on the tappet, the piston of which is connected to the end of its piston rod with the multi-articulated carrier guided in the press in the tappet and at least two links are movably arranged on the latter, which on the other hand engage the articulated lever systems, which in turn act Once adjustable in height on the press frame and on the other hand pivotably mounted in the ram, directed towards the press table, the relationship that applies to the pressure medium cylinder drive is that the stroke of the piston is equal to the path of the multi-joint, minus the stroke of the ram.

A toggle lever plate cutting press of this type has become known from German Patent 29 25 416.
It has been put into practice on a broad scale under the name "differential travel press" because not only its technology, which includes a substantial reduction in the acceleration forces,
convinced, but at least one serious problem of industrial hygiene is reduced by the training described at the beginning.

The problem underlying this patent is based on the fact that hydraulic fluid is fundamentally not completely incompressible and a volume difference equal to the product of unpressurized volume x the working pressure and the compression number (about 70 x 10⁻⁶), which results from the reduction in volume often added finely dispersed air inclusions added. This has the consequence that in the event of sudden relief, i.e. when the material to be cut is separated by the plunger carrying the cutting tool, there is a not inconsiderable expansion volume, which, together with the elastic expansion behavior of all hydraulic pressure guideways by stretching and springing up the machine frame, in connection with the uncontrollable residual plunger movement at this moment, to the well-known cut impact noise, ie the "cutting bang" leads.

The result achieved according to this patent means, when the pressure medium cylinder drive is arranged on the ram, that the stroke of the pressure medium cylinder drive is less than in a comparable press designed according to the prior art,
where the hydraulic cylinders are supported on the press stand.

As a result, the hydraulic fluid volume to be transported, which is loaded at the end of the working process, and thus the possible expansion volume, is significantly reduced, with the result that the cutting impact noise is reduced to a great extent in accordance with the task.

Other advantages of training according to the patent described above include The repeatability of the hydromechanical drive, which only includes a tolerance of +/- 0.01 mm at bottom dead center, inevitably leads to the task of broadening the scope of these presses.

The patent is based on US-PS 20 37 811 and GB-PS 8 04 352.
In these designs, the stroke of the fixed drive cylinder fixed to the frame and the transmission ratio resulting from the toggle lever drive and the type of handlebar are determined in a known manner.

an den beiden Kurbelwellenlagern im Abstand W von der Ständerschwer­punktachse angreifen.
Die größte Durchbiegung tritt an der Tischmitte an der Wirkungsstelle D der Kraft P auf.For information on the stand design, see Mäkelt, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich 1961, page 33, Fig. 23. ("The mechanical presses")
This document explains the load and deformation ratios on the closed, rectangular two-column frame of a standing press. It is a statically multiple indeterminate system in which the force P in the middle of the press foot (table center) and its counter forces

engage the two crankshaft bearings at a distance W from the center of gravity of the stator.
The greatest deflection occurs at the center of the table at the point of action D of the force P.

The relationships resulting from this case of stress for the course of the bending line and the determination of the frame springing are not to be repeated here in detail, but rather the length of the actual frame springing is to determine the actual springing of the frame in connection with the given stress.

The use of so-called "C-frames" is generally ruled out for presses according to the definition given at the beginning, since their frame springing greatly influences the cutting accuracy in the case of presses with a high load capacity.

Taking this into account, it is the object of this invention to name an articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to the type described in the introduction, in which the working range of the ram can be set within relatively wide limits regardless of the ram stroke with unrestricted maintenance of the ram guide, and in which the stand construction minimizes the springing of the press stand to a dimension that goes towards zero in the interest of high cutting accuracy, with particular attention being given to large presses.

The solution to this problem according to the invention provides that the press stand is a two-stand frame which is also partially closed on the front and end.
that the working area of the ram in the stand is adjustable by synchronously drivable spindles, which are supported by threaded guides formed in the upper cross member of the stand, and furthermore in the spindle bearings formed on the height-adjustable guide cross members provided on the stand, and
that the guide crossbars are provided on their underside with bearings for the hanging arrangement of the pairs of articulated levers connecting the tappet.

Due to the partial front and end closure of the two-column frame, the possibility of springing is largely restricted,
the means used for this will be discussed later.

The setting of the working area of the ram is carried out by the spindles carried by the stand, which are usually driven synchronously by an electric motor, and which end in bearings formed on the guide cross members.
The second row of bearings located on the underside of the guide crossbeams serves to connect them to the tappet via the pairs of articulated levers.

The drive of the ram will be described later.

For further training of the stand and the guide truss, it is noted
that the height-adjustable guide cross members are connected to a slide plate which is arranged in a guide bed formed on a support and support wall closing the stand at the rear, and to a slide plate which is arranged in a guide bed formed on a support and support wall closing the stand at the front are, the support and support walls are rigid - fixed or detachable - connected to the stand, and that guides are provided on the lateral boundaries of the plunger for corresponding engagement in the side guides detachably but rigidly connected to the support and support wall
and these side guides further have an additional position securing against the upright columns by means of wedge connections.

The partial front and rear closure of the press stand, the structural significance of which has already been mentioned, by means of support and support walls, enables the formation of a vertically running guide bed in the support and support walls for the arrangement of the sliding plates rigidly assigned to the guide cross members and allows one with the setting of the work area, the co-setting of the essential guide means for the ram over the work area. The side guides are independent and, as mentioned, arranged on the stand and secured in position.

The articulated lever design and the drive of the ram further provides
that the upper articulated levers arranged on the articulated bearings are connected in the articulations to the lower articulated levers, which in turn are connected to the lower articulated bearings, which are fastened to the bottom of the plunger and directed towards the bearings formed at the bottom of the guide crossbeams, the articulated levers in a known manner via the handlebars to the multi-jointed support,
and are further connected via the piston rod to the pressure medium cylinder drive connected to the tappet.

The multi-joint carrier guided in the press, which is connected on the one hand to the pressure medium cylinder drive connected to the tappet and on the other hand via the handlebars to the articulated lever system, is guided in the press center independently of the tappet, namely in the sliding plates already mentioned, so that an absolutely exact adjustment of the Working range independent articulated lever drive and thus safe ram drive is guaranteed.

Regarding the arrangement of the handlebars leading to the articulated lever systems,
that the handlebars of both articulated lever systems end on the central multi-joint support in one or more multi-part coaxially oriented, or in two parallel single-axis or multi-part coaxial axles, the handlebars can be crossed in two parallel articulated pins.

The most expedient training for the rule of thumb is an arrangement of the links on the pivot pins or shafts in two mutually parallel axes.
which are stored in the multi-joint carrier. The upper articulated levers arranged on the guide cross members can be combined with "n" handlebars and with "n-1" lower articulated levers.

It is further proposed that the upper articulated levers are fork-shaped at their ends directed to the articulated connection with the handlebars.

For dimensioning the rear support and support wall, it is proposed that the distance between the upper limit of the press table and the lower limit of the rear support and support wall has a small dimension that exceeds the addition of the height of the tool and the stroke.

The design of a press with two rams provides that two rams working in opposite directions in the box position are arranged in a double stand designed in the form of a high stand, with the ram working from below with vertical alignment of the double stand, with otherwise the same design as the upper ram a small dimension that takes into account the required passage through the press table is extended.

The plungers working in opposite directions in boxing require special control.

It is provided that the upper and lower pressure medium cylinder drives for the tappets are connected to one another hydromechanically via a control control element, with the control control element being able to be assigned digitally programmable and monitoring ultrasonic displacement sensors.

In order to keep the press table in a normal working position, the double stand is provided with riot claws on both sides for its partial underfloor arrangement.

An articulated lever, cutting and forming press designed according to these principles fully meets the requirements of the task.

• Figur 1 zeigt die Ausbildung des Stößels in Ver­bindung mit dem Ständer in einem Schnitt II-II aus Figur 2.
• Figur 2 zeigt den durch den Seitenriß führenden Schnitt I-I aus Figur 1.
• Figur 3 zeigt einen Schnitt III-III durch Figur 2.
• Figur 4 zeigt eine zweiseitige, achsparallele Lenkeranordnung am zentralen Mehr­gelenkträger.
• Figur 5 zeigt eine einachsige Lenkeranordnung am zentralen Mehrgelenkträger.
• Figur 6 zeigt eine zweiseitige, achsparallele Len­keranordnung am zentralen Mehrgelenk­träger bei sich kreuzenden Lenkern.
• Figur 7 zeigt eine mit zwei gegenläufig angetriebenen Stößeln ausgerüstete Presse.

The invention is explained in more detail by the attached schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment.

• Figure 1 shows the design of the plunger in connection with the stand in a section II-II of Figure 2.
• FIG. 2 shows the section II from FIG. 1 leading through the side elevation.
• FIG. 3 shows a section III-III through FIG. 2.
• Figure 4 shows a two-sided, axially parallel link arrangement on the central multi-joint bracket.
• FIG. 5 shows a single-axis link arrangement on the central multi-joint carrier.
• FIG. 6 shows a two-sided, axially parallel link arrangement on the central multi-joint support when the links cross.
• FIG. 7 shows a press equipped with two rams driven in opposite directions.

Preliminary note

For the sake of clarity, the item numbers have been assigned a prefix separated by a dot, which classifies the assembly as such.

• 1. die Ausbildung des Ständers und Tisches einschließlich der mit dem Ständer fest ver­bundenen bzw. lösbar fest verbundenen Führungsteile;
• 2. den Stößel einschließlich der diesem ver­bundenen höhenverstellbaren Führungen und der Antriebselemente;
• 3. eine Ausbildung nach Figur 7 und zwar das Doppelgestell und seine Ergänzungen sowie ein Regelsteuerorgan.

It affects the prefixes

• 1. the formation of the stand and table including the guide parts which are firmly connected or detachably connected to the stand;
• 2. the ram including the height-adjustable guides connected to it and the drive elements;
• 3. A training according to Figure 7, namely the double frame and its additions and a control unit.

The positioning of the drive elements is supplemented in FIG. 7 by the positions with the prefix number 2 that have already been introduced.

A parts list structured according to the prefixes is attached to the description.

The press stand 1.1 is closed at the bottom by a base plate 1.2, with the two lateral edge boundaries of the base plate 1.2 subsequently and in each case directed inwards, building the stand columns 1.3 and the stand 1.1 being self-contained by the connecting upper cross member 1.4 designed as a box girder.

Between the stand columns 1.3, the table substructure 1.5 is formed in the foot area, which is delimited at the top by the press table top 1.6 lying thereon.

The pillars 1.3 are connected in their upper area - and flush with their height - by the rear support and support wall 1.7. A vertically running guide bed 1.7.1 for receiving the rear sliding plate 2.5 is formed on this plate. The support and support wall 1.7 is dimensioned relatively strong, ribbed backwards, and engages between the stand columns 1.3, directed downward, approximately over the height of the setting and working range of the plunger 2.1. At the front, the plunger 2.1 is also delimited by a further support and support wall 1.8, which is detachably arranged at a distance from the upper stand boundary and is lower in height, which in turn is provided with an embedded guide bed 1.8.1 for the front sliding plate 2.6.

The rear side support and support wall 1.7 are screwed and pinned to the side guides 1.9 arranged on both sides of the ram 2.1 and additionally secured in position with the stands 1.3 by wedges 1.10.
In the upper cross member 1.4, the thread guides 1.11 for the spindles 2.2 are configured for the basic setting of the tappet 2.1, the threaded spindles generally being able to be driven synchronously by a motor.

For the design and basic setting of the plunger 2.1 forming a closed frame, it is noted that the spindles 2.2 engage on both sides in support bearings 2.3 each formed on a height-adjustable guide cross member 2.4, while the bearings 2.3.1 are provided on the underside of the guide cross members on both sides for the suspension of the articulated lever systems .
The guide crossbeams 2.4 are connected to the slide plates 2.5 and 2.6 which can be inserted in the guide bed 1.7.1 and 1.8.1, this connection generally being a screw or pin connection.

The pressure medium cylinder drive 2.12, consisting of the piston 2.13 and piston rod 2.14, engages with the piston rod 2.14 in the central multi-joint carrier 2.7, to which the links 2.8 are connected by pivot pins 2.17.

On the tappet base directed towards the height-adjustable guide cross members 2.4, rows of spherical bearings 2.9 are provided which accommodate the articulated lever systems arranged on the guide cross members 2.4 or the bearings 2.3.1 connected to them.
The articulated lever systems consist of the upper articulated levers 2.10 assigned to the guide cross members 2.4 and the articulated levers 2.11 articulated on the lower row articulated bearings 2.9.
They are connected by the articulated levers 2.15, the handlebars 2.8 engaging at the respective projecting ends of the upper articulated levers 2.10 via fork joints 2.16.

The articulated lever systems bend inwards, ie towards each other.
A support frame for receiving a pressure medium container (hydraulic fluid) can be provided on the rear front of the stand 1.1, ie on the rear support and support wall 1.7.

As already mentioned, but formulated differently, the distance between the lower limit of the rear support and support wall 1.7 and the upper limit of the press table 1.6 should only correspond to the height of the tool plus the stroke of the ram 2.1, that is, it should be as small as possible in order to in connection with the tappet design and the arrangement of the articulated levers in the tappet 2.1,
to achieve a minimization of the spring deflection of the stand 1.1, with the all-round guidance of the plunger 2.1, consisting of the adjustable side guides 1.9 arranged on both sides, the slide plate 2.5 guided in the support and support wall 1.7 and the one in the front support and support plate 1.8 guided slide plate 2.6 in conjunction with the guidance of the central multi-joint support 2.7 driven by the piston rod 2.14, likewise taken over by the two slide plates 2.5 and 2.6, a dimension of the frame suspension leading to zero is achieved.

In addition to this, reference must be made to the known drive system used, which provides that the stroke of the drive, ie the pressure medium cylinder drive 2.12 connected to the plunger, is equal to the path of the connecting joint, ie the central multi-joint support 2.7, minus the stroke of the plunger 2.1 is.
This results in a reduction in the required hydraulic fluid and its operating volume when relieved, which is reflected in a substantial reduction in the cutting impact noise.

With regard to FIGS. 4 to 6, reference is made to the legend, the individual parts being positioned by the positions from the two groups.

This results in the following positioning:
2.7 Multi-joint carrier, 2.8 handlebar, 2.10 upper joint lever, 2.11 lower joint lever, 2.15 joints, 2.16 fork joint for attack by the handlebar 2.8 on the upper joint levers 2.10

In the double press according to FIG. 7, the pressure medium cylinder drives 2.12 are opposite, i.e. arranged above and below in the plunger 2.1, the further plunger design for the top and bottom corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 3 and the statements made thereon.

Deviating from this, the lower press ram 2.1 is extended so that the thickness of the press table 3.2 can be taken into account when the ram 2.1 passes through to the TDC position.
The double frame 3.1 is fixed in a machine pit on riot claws 3.3, so that there is a normal table height.

A control controller 3.4 is provided for the hydromechanical connection of the upper and lower pressure medium cylinder drives.

Position list

• 1 stand and table including the guide parts that are permanently connected or detachably-permanently connected to the stand
• 1.1 stand
• 1.2 base plate
• 1.3 Stand columns
• 1.4 upper cross member
• 1.5 Table substructure
• 1.6 press table top
• 1.7 Support and support wall, rear
• 1.7.1 Guide bed for the rear sliding plate 2.5
• 1.8 front load-bearing and retaining wall
• 1.8.1 Guide bed for the front sliding plate 2.6
• 1.9 side guides
• 1.10 secured wedges
• 1.11 Thread guide for the spindles 2.2
• 2 plungers including the connected height-adjustable guides and the drive elements
• 2.1 plunger
• 2.2 Spindles for the basic setting (height)
• 2.3 Spindle bearings
• 2.3.1 Storage for the suspension of the articulated lever systems
• 2.4 height-adjustable guide beams
• 2.5 rear sliding plate
• 2.6 front slide plate
• 2.7 central multi-joint bracket
• 2.8 handlebars
• 2.9 Row spherical plain bearings on the ram bottom
• 2.10 upper articulated levers arranged on the guide cross members 2.4
• 2.11 lower articulated levers articulated on the row spherical bearings 2.9
• 2.12 Pressure medium cylinder drive
• 2.13 pistons
• 2.14 Piston rod, engaging in the multi-joint carrier 2.7
• 2.15 joints
• 2.16 fork joints
• 2.17 pivot pin, arranged in the multi-joint support 2.7
• 3.1 Double frame
• 3.2 press table
• 3.3 riot claws
• 3.4 Control device for the hydromechanical connection of the upper and lower pressure cylinder drive

Claims (11)

1. Articulated lever, cutting and forming press, consisting of a single or multiple press stand (1.1 / 3.1) and one or more, generally closed, frame-shaped press rams (2.1), the ram (s) (2.1 ) - each between two symmetrically identical articulated lever systems (2.10 / 2.11) with their joints (2.15) buckling towards the center of the press - has a pressure medium cylinder drive (2.12) arranged on the tappet (2.1), the piston (2.13) of which ends with its piston rod (2.15 ) is connected to the multi-joint support (2.7) guided in the press in the ram (2.1) and at least two links (2.8) are movably arranged on it, which on the other hand engage the articulated lever systems (2.10 / 2.11), which in turn are height-adjustable on the press frame (1.1) adjustable and on the other in the plunger (2.1), directed towards the press table (1.6), are pivotally mounted, the relationship for the pressure medium cylinder drive (2.12) that the stroke of the Ko lbens (2.13) is equal to the path of the multi-joint (2.7) minus the stroke of the ram (2.1), characterized in that
that the press stand (1.1) is a two-stand frame which is also partially closed on the front and end,
that the working area of the plunger (2.1) in the stand (1.1) by synchronously driven spindles (2.2), which are carried by threaded guides (1.11) formed in the upper cross member (1.4) of the stand (1.1), and further in the to spindle bearings (2.3) formed on both sides of the stand (1.1) provided with height-adjustable guide cross members (2.4), is adjustable, and
that the guide crossbeams (2.4) are provided on their underside with bearings (2.3.1) for the hanging arrangement of the pairs of articulated levers (2.10 / 2.11) connecting the plunger (2.1). 2. Articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claim 1, characterized in that
that the height-adjustable guide crossbeams (2.4) are arranged with a slide plate (2.5), which is arranged in a guide bed (1.7.1) formed on a support and support wall (1.7) which closes the stand (1.1) on the back, and with a slide plate (2.6) which are arranged in a guide bed (1.8.1) formed on a support and support wall (1.8) which closes the stand (1.1) at the front,
wherein the support and support walls (1.7 / 1.8) are rigidly - fixed or detachable - connected to the stand (1.1), and
that guides are provided on the lateral boundaries of the ram (2.1) for corresponding engagement in the side guides (1.9) which are detachably but rigidly connected to the supporting and supporting wall (1.7), and these side guides (1.9) furthermore against the upright columns (1.3) Wedge connections (1.10) have an additional position lock. 3. Articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in
that the upper articulated levers (2.10) arranged on the articulated bearings (2.3.1) in the joints (2.15) are connected to the lower articulated levers (2.11), which in turn are connected to the lower articulated bearings (2.9) fastened to the bottom of the tappet (2.1) - Connected to the bearings (2.3.1) formed at the bottom of the guide crossbeams (2.4) - the articulated levers (2.10) or (2.11) or the joints (2.15) in a known manner via the handlebars (2.8) to the press center Multi-joint bracket (2.7),
and further connected via the piston rod (2.14) to the pressure medium cylinder drive (2.12) connected to the tappet (2.1). 4. Articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in
that the links (2.8) of both articulated lever systems (2.10 / 2.11) on the central multi-link bracket (2.7) end in one or in several parts with the same axis, or in two parallel one or more parts with the same axis with each other (2.17), the links ( 2.8) can be crossed occasionally with two parallel pivot pins. 5. Articulated lever cutting and forming press according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in
that the upper articulated levers (2.10) can be combined with "n" links (2.8) and with "n-1" lower articulated levers (2.11). 6. Articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claim 1, characterized in
that the upper articulated levers (2.10) are fork-shaped at their ends directed towards the articulated connection with the links (2.8). 7. articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in
that the distance between the upper limit of the press table (1.6) and the lower limit of the rear support and support wall (1.7) has a small dimension exceeding the addition of the height of the tool and the stroke. 8. articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claim 1, characterized in
that two plungers (2.1) working in opposite directions in the box position are arranged in a double stand (3.1) designed in the form of a high stand. 9. articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claim 8, characterized in
that when the double stand (3.1) is aligned vertically, the plunger (2.1) working from below, with otherwise the same design as the upper plunger (2.1), is extended by a small amount, taking into account the required passage through the press table (3.2). 10. Articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in
that the upper and lower pressure medium cylinder drives (2.12) for the tappets (2.1) are connected to one another hydro-mechanically via a control control element (3.4),
The control unit (3.4) can be assigned digitally programmable and monitoring ultrasonic displacement sensors. 11. Articulated lever, cutting and forming press according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that
that the double stand (3.1) is provided on both sides with riot claws (3.3) for its partial underfloor arrangement.

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