EP0248298B1 - Gefahrenmeldeanlage - Google Patents

Gefahrenmeldeanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0248298B1
EP0248298B1 EP87107535A EP87107535A EP0248298B1 EP 0248298 B1 EP0248298 B1 EP 0248298B1 EP 87107535 A EP87107535 A EP 87107535A EP 87107535 A EP87107535 A EP 87107535A EP 0248298 B1 EP0248298 B1 EP 0248298B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alarm
threshold
output signal
signal
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87107535A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0248298A1 (de
Inventor
Andreas Scheidweiler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0248298A1 publication Critical patent/EP0248298A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0248298B1 publication Critical patent/EP0248298B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/04—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/22—Provisions facilitating manual calibration, e.g. input or output provisions for testing; Holding of intermittent values to permit measurement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G08B29/26—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by updating and storing reference thresholds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hazard alarm system according to the preamble of claim 1, in which a number of two-wire alarm lines, which can assume different electrical states, are connected to a signaling center in which the signals transmitted by the individual hazard detectors for obtaining differentiated malfunction or Alarm signals are evaluated.
  • Automatic hazard detection systems have the task of preventing hazards, e.g. Detect fires or unauthorized intruders as early as possible to enable effective fighting.
  • the hazard detectors used in automatic hazard detection systems have at least one sensor that measures hazard parameters, e.g. increased temperature, gas or smoke development, burglar etc., converted into an electrical measured value.
  • the hazard detectors furthermore contain at least one switching element which forms a threshold value for defining an alarm threshold. If the sensor output signal exceeds this alarm threshold, an electrical converter in the hazard detector is activated and the electrical status of the hazard detector (voltage, current, impedance) changes suddenly. This change in state of the hazard detector is transmitted to the signaling center and evaluated there.
  • a hazard detector therefore generally has two states, the idle state and the alarm state.
  • hazard detection systems are also known in which the detectors are equipped with an automatic monitoring device which indicates a defect. With these systems, the detectors can assume a third state, the so-called fault state.
  • the main advantage of such alarm systems is the simple and safe transmission of the signals.
  • alarm systems are contradictory Made demands.
  • they should report dangers as early as possible in order to be able to trigger appropriate control measures.
  • highly sensitive, automatic sensors are used to detect hazard parameters, such as ionization smoke detectors or passive infrared detectors etc.
  • hazard detection systems should work with the greatest possible security, ie they should only alarm when there is a real hazard. If such danger detectors are operated with the highest possible sensitivity, it often happens that an alarm signal is triggered by disturbance variables, even though there is no cause of danger. The consequence of this is that unnecessarily complex risk control measures are started, for example the police or the fire brigade.
  • hazard detection systems have therefore been proposed, e.g. in CH-PS 547-532, in which a pre-warning signal is emitted by a second threshold detector with a lower threshold. During the time period between the pre-warning signal and the alarm signal, it can be checked whether there is a real danger or whether there is a fault. In this way, it can also be achieved that hazard detectors, which could be prone to false alarms, can be recognized and replaced at an early stage, since the pre-warning signal can also be interpreted as a fault signal.
  • hazard detectors Another disadvantage of known hazard detectors is that most hazard detectors are inevitably exposed to environmental pollution. There is therefore a risk that the sensor output signal changes slowly. This can lead to the detectors either being blocked or having an increasing probability of false alarms.
  • Hazard detectors have therefore been proposed in which the alarm threshold is slowly updated in accordance with the drift of the sensor output signal (ZBEP-A-121 048). As a result, the distance between the idle value and the alarm value remains constant within certain limits, which means that the duration of such detectors can be extended, particularly under harsh environmental conditions. However, the difficulty remains in recognizing the magnitude of the drift in the signaling center.
  • the measured values determined by individual fire detectors lying in chains on the detection lines are transmitted analogously to a signaling center and linked there to obtain differentiated fault or alarm messages, whereby At the beginning of repetitive polling cycles, all fire detectors are disconnected from the detection line by a voltage change and then switched on again in a predetermined order. After a time delay corresponding to its measured value, each individual fire detector additionally connects the subsequent fire detector to the line voltage, and in the signaling center the respective detector address is derived from the number of previous increases in the line current and the length of the respective measured value from the length of the relevant switching delay.
  • the hazard detection systems which make it possible to transmit more information from the hazard detector to the signaling center without having to accept the disadvantages of complicated transmission systems.
  • the hazard detection systems in which a maximum of three states are transmitted are distinguished by a high stability and reliability of the transmission because of the simplicity of the transmission.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a hazard alarm system which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above, which makes it possible to adapt two "event" thresholds of the hazard alarms to changed environmental conditions over longer periods of time, to monitor the idle value of the sensor output signal and which enables this to distinguish the transmission of a maximum of three states between rapid signal changes (fire, intrusion) and slow changes (drift of the resting value).
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a hazard alarm system that issues a maintenance message when the drift of the rest value is a predetermined first Value and which issues a fault message if the output signal of a sensor deviates from the idle value so far that the hazard detector becomes inoperative.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a danger detection system in which danger detectors M are connected to a signal center Z via a two-wire line.
  • the danger alarm The M can assume three types of states, which are transmitted to the signal center Z and evaluated there depending on the type of the incoming signals.
  • Each hazard detector contains a sensor S that reacts sensitively to the hazard criterion to be detected. It generates an electrical signal, which usually changes continuously when the relevant hazard parameter is present. This signal is fed to a threshold value detector TD which reports to an electrical converter T that the set threshold has been exceeded. This converter generates a signal which is transmitted to the signal center Z as an alarm criterion. In many cases, this alarm criterion consists of an easily detectable voltage jump.
  • hazard detectors M are connected to the signal center Z via two-wire lines, with the detectors M often being assigned addresses for better identification of the messages.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a hazard detector M which can be used in a hazard alarm system according to the invention.
  • the output of sensor S is connected to a first threshold detector TD1, which defines an upper "event" threshold S1 for the sensor output signal and to a second threshold detector TD2, which defines a lower "event” threshold S2 for the sensor output signal, the threshold detectors TD1 and TD2 have inputs via which thresholds S1 and S2 can be changed.
  • the threshold value detectors TD1 and TD2 are also linked to one another in such a way that the distance between the thresholds S1 and S2 always remains constant, ie a changeover from S1 always causes a change of S2 of the same size, in the same direction.
  • the detectors M are adjusted during production in the factory so that the idle value of the sensor signal is practically in the middle between the two thresholds S1 and S2.
  • the output of the sensor S is also connected to a first converter T0, which generates a signal when the sensor output signal is between the thresholds S1 and S2. This signal indicates the normal state of the detector.
  • the first threshold detector TD1 is connected to a second converter T1, which transmits a signal to the signal center Z when the detector output signal exceeds the upper threshold S1
  • the second threshold detector TD2 is connected to a third converter T2, which transmits a signal to the signal center Z. when the detector output signal falls below the lower threshold S2.
  • the signals transmitted by the converters T1 and T2 to the signal center Z are designed such that they differ significantly from one another and from the signal which is transmitted from the first converter T0.
  • the three states which are transmitted to the signal center Z are designated Z0 (normal state), Z1 (exceeding the upper "event” threshold S1) and Z2 (falling below the lower “event” threshold S2).
  • the outputs of the threshold value detectors are connected to the switches T1 and T2 with switches C1 and C2 in such a way that each activation of the first switch C1 increases the threshold values and each activation of the second switch C2 causes the threshold values to decrease by a certain amount
  • the two threshold value detectors TD1 and TD2 are functionally connected to one another in such a way that the amounts of the changes are the same size and the same direction.
  • FIG. 4 shows signals generated by the converters T0, T1 and T2, which are transmitted to the signal center Z.
  • the sensor output signal is approximately in the middle between the two thresholds S1 and S2.
  • the first converter T0 is driven, i.e.
  • the signal Z0 of the converter T0 is transmitted to the signal center Z, which means that the detector is in the normal state. It is initially assumed that the sensor output signal increases gradually, as is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the sensor output signal reaches the upper threshold S1, which is detected by the first threshold value detector TD1 and, via the first switch C1, increases the upper threshold S1 and the lower threshold S2 by a predetermined amount.
  • the second converter T1 is activated, whereby a signal Z1 is transmitted to the signal center Z.
  • the position of the sensor signal and the direction of the change can always be determined in the signal center Z.
  • a fault message can be triggered if the difference in the signals of the two converters T1 and T2 has exceeded a certain value in favor of the signals from T2, so that the hazard detector is no longer functional.
  • the automatic sensitivity of the threshold values keeps the detector sensitivity constant, i.e. the detector still works after a maintenance request has been signaled.
  • the time intervals between the signals of the second converter T1 decrease in such a way that a rapid rise in the sensor signal must be concluded from this, this means an increasing risk.
  • Appropriate evaluation in the signaling center enables alarm and warning criteria to be defined.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of an alarm system according to the invention in the form of a block diagram.
  • the output of a sensor S is connected to two threshold value detectors TD1 and TD2 and a first converter T0, which transmits the normal state of the detector M to the signal center Z.
  • an up / down counter C is used. This counter C has separate inputs for up (1) and down (2) counting.
  • the output of the first threshold detector TD1 is connected to the "forward" input 1 of the counter C and a second converter T1.
  • the output of the second threshold detector TD2 is connected to the "reverse" input 2 of the counter C and a third converter T2.
  • the output of the counter C is connected to the input of the second threshold value detector TD2 provided for this purpose.
  • the two threshold value detectors TD1 and TD2 are functionally connected to one another in such a way that each time the counter C is counted, the two thresholds S1 and S2 are each switched down or up by a certain value of the same size.
  • the counter C is wired so that each counter reading corresponds to a certain output voltage. When switched on, the counter is in the middle position, which corresponds to the starting position of thresholds S1 and S2 of threshold value detectors TD1 and TD2 corresponds.
  • the counter output voltage as a function of the counter reading is shown graphically using the example of a twenty-step counter.
  • the counter reading is zero, the counter output voltage corresponds to the idle value of the threshold detector TD2 in FIG. 5. If the sensor output signal rises, the counter reading is increased by one when the upper threshold S1 is reached. Accordingly, the counter output voltage is increased by a certain amount. If the sensor output signal falls below the lower threshold S2, the reverse process takes place, the counter reading is reduced by one, and the counter output voltage is accordingly reduced by an amount of the same magnitude as in the previous increase. As a result, the thresholds S1 and S2 are automatically updated if the sensor output signal changes accordingly.
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of an alarm system according to the invention in the form of a block diagram, in which an ionization smoke detector is used as an alarm M, which is connected to a signal center Z via feed lines L1 and L2.
  • an ionization smoke detector is used as an alarm M, which is connected to a signal center Z via feed lines L1 and L2.
  • the fire detector M there is a mession chamber MK with a reference chamber RK serving as a resistance element and a resistor R2 in series at zero potential.
  • the common connection point of measuring chamber MK and reference chamber RK is connected to the gate electrode G of a field effect transistor FET.
  • the field effect transistor FET works as an impedance converter for transforming the high-resistance measuring chamber potential.
  • the drain electrode D of the field effect transistor FET is connected directly to the first feed line L1 via the diode D1.
  • the source electrode S of the field effect transistor FET is connected to the inputs of two comparators K1 and K2, the output voltage of the field effect transistor FET, ie the voltage across the resistor R3, by changing the resistance Stand R2 is adjusted in the factory so that it is located in the middle between the two thresholds S1 and S2 of the comparators K1 and K2.
  • the thresholds S1 and S2 are determined by the voltage divider formed by the resistors R4 and R5 and the output signals of the counter C. As an example, a counter C with five positions is drawn.
  • the output voltage of the counter C results from the counter reading and the value resulting from the voltage dividers of the resistors R6 to R10 with the resistor R11.
  • the diodes D2 to D6 are used to decouple the counter output signals. If the threshold S1 or S2 is exceeded or undershot by the output signal of the field effect transistor FET, the up or down counter inputs of the counter C are activated.
  • the counter C When switched on, the counter C is in the middle position, which corresponds to the starting position of the thresholds S1 and S2 of the comparators K1 and K2.
  • the counter C is wired in such a way that it is reset when the voltage at the "Reset" input is reduced to a certain value.
  • the counter is automatically set to the middle position.
  • transistor TR1 When threshold S1 is exceeded, transistor TR1, which is blocked in the idle state, becomes conductive and switches the zener diode ZD1 on. Since the detector has no current limitation, the voltage Ub collapses to the Zener voltage UZ1, which is interpreted in the control center as signaling the state Z1.
  • the comparator K2 controls the transistor TR2 which is blocked in the idle state and which switches on the Zener diode ZD2. This in turn causes Ub to collapse to the Zener voltage UZ2, which is interpreted in the control center as signaling the state Z2.
  • the diode D1 and the capacitor C3 stabilize the operating voltage of the sensor, comparator and counter during the voltage breakdowns. Since the sensor signal is again between the thresholds after each counting process, one of the states Z1 or Z2 is only transmitted for a short time.
  • Detectors are located in the signal center, which register both the type and the frequency of the incoming status reports.
  • the described advantageous properties of the hazard alarm system according to the invention come into play particularly when the detectors have an address, so that the origin of the signals can be recognized in the signal center Z and assigned to a specific detector.
  • a memory per detector M is provided in the signal center Z, in which the respective counter reading of the detector counter C can be seen. This enables the individual remote monitoring of the detectors.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP87107535A 1986-06-03 1987-05-23 Gefahrenmeldeanlage Expired - Lifetime EP0248298B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2245/86 1986-06-03
CH2245/86A CH669859A5 (no) 1986-06-03 1986-06-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0248298A1 EP0248298A1 (de) 1987-12-09
EP0248298B1 true EP0248298B1 (de) 1991-01-30

Family

ID=4229253

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87107535A Expired - Lifetime EP0248298B1 (de) 1986-06-03 1987-05-23 Gefahrenmeldeanlage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4757303A (no)
EP (1) EP0248298B1 (no)
CH (1) CH669859A5 (no)
DE (1) DE3767772D1 (no)
NO (1) NO170373C (no)

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US5105370A (en) * 1988-04-14 1992-04-14 Fike Corporation Environmental detection system useful for fire detection and suppression
EP0423489A1 (de) * 1989-09-15 1991-04-24 Cerberus Ag Brandmeldeanlage mit Ueberwachung
DE59208736D1 (de) * 1991-02-26 1997-09-04 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Vorausbestimmung des Wartungszeitpunktes von Gefahrenmeldern
US5233329A (en) * 1991-08-27 1993-08-03 Delco Electronics Corporation Filter with hysteresis for trip point applications
US5552765A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-09-03 Detection Systems, Inc. Smoke detector with individually stored range of acceptable sensitivity
JP3217585B2 (ja) * 1994-03-18 2001-10-09 能美防災株式会社 火災感知器および火災受信機
FR2723237B1 (fr) * 1994-07-29 1996-10-04 Lewiner Jacques Dispositif de detection d'incendie avec transmission de signal electrique analogique a une unite centrale
US5555456A (en) * 1994-08-02 1996-09-10 Itt Corporation Reconfigurable fault control apparatus
WO1996021208A1 (en) * 1995-01-04 1996-07-11 Caradon Gent Limited Improvements in and relating to smoke detectors
JP3184429B2 (ja) * 1995-06-30 2001-07-09 ホーチキ株式会社 防災監視システムの端末感知装置
US5757530A (en) * 1996-11-20 1998-05-26 Talking Signs, Inc. Signal transmitter with automatic output control and systems utilizing the same
US6078253A (en) * 1997-02-04 2000-06-20 Mytech Corporation Occupancy sensor and method of operating same
EP1097439B1 (de) 1998-06-22 2004-03-03 Martin Dr. Daumer Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von driften, sprüngen und/oder ausreissern von messwerten
DE69916018T2 (de) * 1998-10-07 2005-03-03 Runner & Sprue Ltd. Alarm
GB9906784D0 (en) 1999-03-25 1999-05-19 Coventry University Enterprise Detector
ATE266235T1 (de) 1999-11-05 2004-05-15 E I Technology Ltd Rauchalarmvorrichtung
EP1128294A1 (de) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-29 Frank Fernholz Verfahren zur automatisierten Nachführung von Grenzwerten
NO312796B1 (no) * 2000-10-26 2002-07-01 Nordan As Alarmbrikke
AUPR187800A0 (en) * 2000-12-04 2001-01-04 Electrical & Instrumentation Services Australia Pty Ltd Circuit monitoring device
DE10109362A1 (de) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Branderkennung
DE60316169T2 (de) * 2002-10-04 2008-05-29 Ovchinnikov, Valery Vasilievich Verfahren zum bilden und senden von signalen
DE102008036437B4 (de) * 2008-08-05 2012-11-22 Hekatron Vertriebs Gmbh Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Betriebsdauer eines Gefahrenmelders und Gefahrenmelder
CN103535116B (zh) * 2011-02-09 2016-11-09 欧司朗股份有限公司 占用传感器

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CH547532A (de) * 1972-07-17 1974-03-29 Cerberus Ag Ionisationsfeuermelder.
US4302753A (en) * 1978-01-26 1981-11-24 Pittway Corporation Multi-function combustion detecting device
JPS583272B2 (ja) * 1978-06-07 1983-01-20 ホーチキ株式会社 火災感知器
ZA785255B (en) * 1978-09-15 1979-12-27 Anglo Amer Corp South Africa Alarm system
US4270123A (en) * 1979-02-26 1981-05-26 Universal Det, S.A.R.L. Detector for indicating a fire or detector malfunction
DE3127324A1 (de) * 1981-07-10 1983-01-27 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren und anordnung zur erhoehung der ansprechempfindlichkeit und der stoersicherheit in einer gefahren-, insbesondere brandmeldeanlage
DE3463582D1 (en) * 1983-03-04 1987-06-11 Cerberus Ag Circuit arrangement for the interference level control of detectors, arranged in a danger detection device
DE3411129A1 (de) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-03 Fritz Fuss Kg, 7470 Albstadt Schaltungsanordnung fuer eine gefahrenmeldeanlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4757303A (en) 1988-07-12
EP0248298A1 (de) 1987-12-09
NO170373B (no) 1992-06-29
NO872296L (no) 1987-12-04
NO872296D0 (no) 1987-06-01
NO170373C (no) 1992-10-07
DE3767772D1 (de) 1991-03-07
CH669859A5 (no) 1989-04-14

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