EP0246562B2 - Procédé et dispositif pour la modification de l'écoulement d'un égout - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la modification de l'écoulement d'un égout Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0246562B2
EP0246562B2 EP87107016A EP87107016A EP0246562B2 EP 0246562 B2 EP0246562 B2 EP 0246562B2 EP 87107016 A EP87107016 A EP 87107016A EP 87107016 A EP87107016 A EP 87107016A EP 0246562 B2 EP0246562 B2 EP 0246562B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
rinsing
discharge pipe
jet
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87107016A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0246562A2 (fr
EP0246562A3 (en
EP0246562B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Fahrner
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Oskar Vollmar GmbH
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Oskar Vollmar GmbH
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Publication date
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Application filed by Oskar Vollmar GmbH filed Critical Oskar Vollmar GmbH
Publication of EP0246562A2 publication Critical patent/EP0246562A2/fr
Publication of EP0246562A3 publication Critical patent/EP0246562A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0246562B1 publication Critical patent/EP0246562B1/fr
Publication of EP0246562B2 publication Critical patent/EP0246562B2/fr
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00Methods preventing fouling
    • B08B17/02Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F7/00Other installations or implements for operating sewer systems, e.g. for preventing or indicating stoppage; Emptying cesspools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the flow of the drain pipe of a sewer pipe, a rain basin or the like. For discharging the waste water from it culvert arrangement and a system for carrying out this method.
  • Culvert arrangements sewer pipes, rain basins and the like.
  • wastewater sewer systems for communal wastewater also wastewater or rainwater or the like are connected downstream in order to connect this region, i.e. the region of the culvert arrangement, to a constantly filled with wastewater.
  • Such flow meters can measure the flow with good accuracy if the flow measuring point is completely filled with waste water.
  • the flow meter may be an electromagnetic flow meter, an ultrasonic flow meter, or any other flow meter sensing the flow rate.
  • These flow rate-dependent flow meters of which magnetic-inductive flow meters are used in wastewater technology, are arranged on a drain pipe of the culvert arrangement.
  • the flow of the drain pipe becomes relatively small in dry weather, it still remains completely filled in the area of the flow measuring point by the flow measuring point being so deep in the culvert arrangement that this is the case.
  • the flow velocities resulting from the low flow rates in the drain pipe permit the removal of dirt carried by the waste water, such as mud, sand or the like. This can adversely affect the measuring accuracy of the flow meter and can also have other adverse effects.
  • the flow meter can be used, for example, to determine flow rates for cost calculations or the like, and it is for this reason that exact flow measurement is necessary.
  • impurities such as sand, mud or the like deposited in the drain pipe of the culvert arrangement, but also knots, paper or other coarse impurities can be removed simply and inexpensively by flushing them away, both by converting them into a floating state in the flowing waste water , as well as by draining along the wall of the drain pipe.
  • the rinsing water also increases the current flow rate of the wastewater, at least locally.
  • a time switch or program control device automatically actuates the jet cleaning device, that is, switches the at least one rinse water jet on and off.
  • all rinse water jets can be switched on and off together, or that at least two rinse water jets can be switched on and off independently of one another by means of a corresponding plurality of shut-off valves.
  • the latter has the advantage that the rinsing water jets can also be used in sequence, i.e. can switch on and off without time overlap or with time overlap, which can often improve the cleaning effect or, if necessary, also save flushing water. For example, if the sewage pipe is only slightly contaminated, it can be cleaned by means of a single flushing water jet, and if it is heavily contaminated, several flushing water jets can be switched on and off.
  • the rinse water jet or jets are set at intervals of one or more hours each for a predetermined period of time, for example one minute, for cleaning the drain pipe, with these different rinse water jets also being timed in the case of several outlet openings for rinse water jets can be switched on and off staggered.
  • At least one outlet opening for rinsing water upstream of the flow measuring point can preferably be provided to arrange at least one outlet opening for rinsing water upstream of the flow measuring point, which makes it particularly easy to keep it clean.
  • at least one rinse water jet often expediently all rinse water jets in the case of multiple rinse water jets, is introduced into the drain pipe downstream of the flow measuring point, whereby one or these rinse water jets can preferably be directed towards the flow measuring point, that is to say in the opposite direction the direction of flow of the waste water. This enables particularly strong wastewater turbulence to be generated.
  • the outlet opening or openings for the rinsing water can be formed by a nozzle or nozzles or in some other way.
  • the outlet opening can often be expediently the outlet opening of a simple line pipe for rinsing water, which then forms a jet pipe as if it were provided with a nozzle on the outlet side, which is of course also possible.
  • the initial speed of the individual jet of flushing water can expediently be greater, preferably much greater than the flow rate of the waste water at the nominal value of the flow and the flushing water supply turned off.
  • the flushing water jet can expediently be a strong jet of high momentum.
  • the rinse water required for the jet cleaning device can in some cases not be wastewater, but groundwater, river water, drinking water or the like.
  • this can be sucked in by a suitable collection point, possibly even from the culvert arrangement, by means of a pump and pumped to the jet cleaning device.
  • the jet cleaning device By switching this pump on and off, the jet cleaning device can be put into operation and out of operation accordingly.
  • At least one valve can also be provided for opening and shutting off the flushing water line or lines of the jet cleaning device. If drinking water is used, the hydraulic pressure in the drinking water network is generally sufficient for the radiation of this drinking water into the drain pipe by means of the jet cleaning device, so that this jet cleaning device then only requires one or more shut-off valves for its switching on and off, which can be opened and shut off automatically.
  • the individual outlet opening of the jet cleaning device is designed as the outlet mouth of a separate jet pipe which is fixedly arranged on the drain pipe and which has or has no nozzle at its downstream end, or to provide several outlet openings on a mouthpiece of at least one rinsing water pipe which is fixed on the drain pipe.
  • the jet cleaning device has at least two outlet openings for rinsing water, since this allows greater effects to be achieved with smaller amounts of rinsing water than with just one jet. It is particularly expedient to provide that the jet direction of at least one outlet opening is directed obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the drain pipe so that this jet direction exerts a thrust on the waste water in the drain pipe in the direction of the flow rate of this waste water. In this way, the wastewater can be put into a swirl flow, which has a particularly intensive cleaning effect. However, it is also possible and often expedient to introduce at least one flushing water jet into the drain pipe parallel to the longitudinal direction of the drain pipe, preferably along the bottom of the drain pipe.
  • the or each outlet opening for the flushing water can expediently have a clear outlet cross section of 1 to 2 inches and the flushing water can be under a pressure of 3 to 10 bar in the line or lines leading to the outlet opening or openings.
  • the culvert arrangement 9 shown in FIG. 1 has a culvert forward shaft 11, a measuring and throttle shaft 12 and a culvert downstream shaft 13.
  • the culvert duct (culvert inlet structure) there is an upwardly open channel or channel 8, to which a drain pipe 10 receiving the waste water flowing therein connects, which is arranged in an upwardly open channel or channel 8 arranged in the downstream shaft 13 flows out, the or that leads to a further sewer pipe 14 '.
  • This culvert arrangement 9 is connected to a sewer pipe 14 of a sewage sewer system and is used to drain the sewage water to a further sewer system, which can lead, for example, to a sewage treatment plant, other rainwater retention or the like.
  • the minimum water level in the culvert arrangement 9 is indicated by the dotted line 15. There is no flow through him anymore.
  • the drain pipe 10 is flowed through by waste water in the direction of the arrow A, the flow rate of which is measured by means of a magnetic inductive flow meter 16, which measures the flow at the illustrated point of the drain pipe 10, where this is always completely filled with waste water, this point being located between two throttle valves 17, 18.
  • jet pipes 21, 22, 23 of a jet cleaning device 29 open into the drain pipe 10.
  • these jet pipes are straight, circular-cylindrical rigid pipes, the outlet openings for flushing water-forming outlet openings 24, 25, 26 are flush with the inner wall of the peripheral wall of the drain pipe 10, as can be seen particularly clearly for the outlet 25 in FIG. 2 sees which mouths do not protrude into the interior of the drain pipe 10 and thus do not form any flow obstacles in the drain pipe 10.
  • the jet pipes 21-23 are arranged obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drain pipe in their area as shown so that the strong jets of water flowing out of them according to the arrows B exert such thrust or impulse on the waste water in the drain pipe 10, which in each case also in vectorial decomposition has a vectorial component VF directed in the direction of flow of the wastewater, so that the strong jets of flushing water push the wastewater in its direction of flow and are thus also driving jets for the wastewater which support its flow in the direction of flow (arrow A).
  • the jet pipe 22 opens at the deepest point in the drain pipe 10 and the two other jet pipes 21, 23 also open into the lower circumferential half of the drain pipe, but are seen from the lowest point of the drain pipe by about 30 to 45 ° in the circumferential direction of the round drainpipe 10 to the left and right as shown angularly offset and the outlet openings are also offset in the longitudinal direction of the drainpipe 10 as shown, so that the outlet opening 24 is still in the steep downward region 27 and the outlet opening 26 in the flat rising region 28 of the Drain pipe 10 is located.
  • the inclination of the jet direction B of the individual jet pipe 21, 22, 23 to the longitudinal axis of the relevant area of the drain pipe 10 is approximately 40 to 50 °. This angle can also be larger or smaller.
  • the jet directions of these jet pipes 21, 22, 23 can be directed approximately towards the longitudinal axis of the drain pipe 10 or often pass particularly cheaply at a distance from this longitudinal axis. It is particularly favorable if the water jets flowing out of these jet pipes 21, 22, 23 in the drain pipe generate a swirl flow towards the downstream end of the drain pipe, but other flow patterns can also be provided. It is essential that the flushing water jets in the drain pipe 10 cause the removal of sludge and other impurities accumulated in it in the flow direction A of the waste water 10.
  • rinsing water jets whirl up the relevant impurities from the bottom of the drain pipe and cause them to float in the wastewater that then sweeps them away, and sufficient rinsing of wastewater from the drain pipe is effected for this purpose even at low flow rates of the wastewater.
  • the rinse water jets can also coarser impurities such as branches or the like. wash away immediately.
  • the rinsing water jets can also generate strong turbulence which further promotes the cleaning of the drain pipe 10 and can also be “reflected” several times on the pipe wall and thus also deflected to the bottom of the drain pipe in the case of the jet directions shown. If necessary, you can also point at least one jet pipe directly to the bottom of the drain pipe.
  • the outlet openings 24, 25, 26 are arranged at the lowest and near the lowest region 20 of the drain pipe 10.
  • At least one jet pipe is arranged at a short distance from this flow measuring point in front of or behind it and is directed towards it.
  • At least one jet pipe can also be arranged on the upper circumferential half of the drain pipe 10 and then preferably its jet direction can be directed obliquely downward in the flow direction of the waste water, as is shown in broken lines as an example for a jet pipe 21 'in FIG. 2.
  • the jet pipes 21, 22, 23 are connected to a common pressurized water supply line 31.
  • a shut-off valve 32 is inserted into this feed line and can be opened and closed by an actuator 33. This is controlled by a timer or program control device 34 for opening and locking. E.g. it can be provided that the shut-off valve 32 is opened at intervals of one hour each for one minute to introduce rinsing water jets through the jet pipes 21, 22, 23 into the drain pipe 10.
  • An on-off switch 35 is interposed in the line to the actuator 33 and is always opened by an actuator 36 as long as the flow measuring device 16 feels that the flow is above a predetermined limit value above which there are no contaminants in the drain pipe, such as sand, mud or the like. As long as this limit of the flow is undershot, the switch 35 is closed and the drain pipe 10 is automatically briefly rinsed by means of the rinse water jets at the predetermined time intervals.
  • each jet pipe 21, 22, 23, can each have their own valve 32a, 32b, 32c, which can be opened and shut off by an actuator 33a, 33b, 33c,
  • one solenoid valve each can be assigned and these valves 32a, 32b and 32c can then also be opened and shut off at different times relative to one another by means of the time switch or program control device 34 ', which has separate outputs for independently actuating the actuators 33a, 33b and 33c .
  • These beam tubes can then also be opened and shut off at different times, for example in sequence, or in overlapping time intervals or in some other way at different times or, if desired, together.
  • the drain pipe 28 of the culvert arrangement 9 can optionally also extend from the pipe 14 to the pipe 14 '.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Procédé pour l'amélioration de l'écoulement d'eaux usées par le tuyau d'évacuation d'une installation de franchissement sous-fluvial qui est installée en aval d'un tuyau d'égout, d'un puisard ou structure similaire d'une canalisation d'eaux usées, en vue d'en évacuer les eaux usées, un mesureur de débits étant associé audit tuyau d'évacuation, afin de mesurer la quantité d'eaux usées qui le parcourt en fonction du temps, la zone du point de mesurage du débit du tuyau d'évacuation étant, en permanence, totalement emplie d'eaux usées dont le mesureur de débits capte la vitesse d'écoulement, en vue de déterminer le débit, caractérisé par le fait que de l'eau de chasse est introduite automatiquement par intermittence, sous la forme d'au moins un jet, à l'intérieur de la zone de l'espace interne du tuyau d'évacuation, en permanence totalement emplie d'eaux usées, afin d'emporter des impuretés qui y sont accumulées, l'introduction de l'eau de chasse dans le tuyau d'évacuation étant déclenchée et interrompue avec programmation dans le temps, et facultativement,
- le ou au moins un jet d'eau de chasse est introduit, dans le tuyau d'évacuation, dans une direction telle qu'il exerce une poussée vers l'aval sur les eaux usées renfermées par ledit tuyau d'évacuation et/ou
- le jet d'eau de chasse ou au moins un jet d'eau de chasse est introduit, dans le tuyau d'évacuation, de façon à engendrer un flux tourbillonnaire et/ou
- des eaux usées sont utilisées en tant qu'eau de chasse.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le jet d'eau de chasse ou au moins un jet d'eau de chasse, de préférence tous les jets d'eau de chasse est ou sont respectivement introduit(s), dans le tuyau d'évacuation, en amont du point de mesurage du débit, et ou par le fait que le jet d'eau de chasse ou au moins un jet d'eau de chasse, de préférence tous les jets d'eau de chasse est ou sont respectivement introduit(s), dans le tuyau d'évacuation, dans la zone longitudinale la plus basse et/ou o proximité de la zone longitudinale la plus basse de ce tuyau d'évacuation, et/ou par le fait que le jet d'eau de chasse ou au moins un jet d'eau de chasse, de préférence tous les jets d'eau de chasse est ou sont respectivement introduit(s) dans la moitié périphérique inférieure du tuyau d'évacuation, de préférence, respectivement, dans une ou des directions ascendant à l'oblique, et/ou par le fait qu'au moins deux jets d'eau de chasse, de préférence tous les jets d'eau de chasse sont introduits, dans le tuyau d'évacuation, avec décalage angulaire mutuel dans le sens périphérique de ce tuyau d'évacuation et/ou avec décalage mutuel dans le sens longitudinal dudit tuyau d'évacuation.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le jet d'eau de chasse ou au moins un jet d'eau de chasse est introduit dans un tronçon du tuyau d'évacuation qui est orienté vers l'aval, et est situé en amont de la zone longitudinale la plus basse dudittuyau d'évacuation.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'introduction de l'eau de chasse dans le tuyau d'évacuation est répétée périodiquement, avec programmation dans le temps, et/ou par le fait que des jets d'eau de chasse sont introduits dans le tuyau d'évacuation en des emplacement différents, avec décalage temporel mutuel, de préférence sans chevauchement dans le temps, et/ou par le fait que l'introduction d'eau de chasse dans le tuyau d'évacuation, programmée dans le temps, a lieu seulement tant que le débit, parcourant le tuyau d'évacuation et mesuré par le mesureur de débits, se situe en deçà d'une valeur prédéterminée.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que de l'eau potable, de l'eau de rivière ou de l'eau souterraine est utilisée en tant qu'eau de chasse.
6. Dispositif conjugué à une installation de franchissement sous-fluvial, présentant un tube d'évacuation (10) auquel un mesureur de débits (16) est associé, la zone du point de mesurage du débit du tuyau d'évacuation étant, en permanence, totalement emplie d'eaux usées, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'un dispositif (29) d'épuration par jets, associé au tuyau d'évacuation (10), comporte au moins un orifice (24, 25, 26) de sortie d'eau de chasse, qui sert à introduire de l'eau de chasse, sous la forme d'au moins un jet d'eau de chasse, à l'intérieur de la zone du tuyau d'évacuation en permanence totalement emplie d'eaux usées, par le fait qu'il présente un dispositif (34, 34') de commande programmée ou de minuterie, en vue d'autoriser et d'interdire automatiquement l'afflux d'eau de chasse vers l'orifice ou les orifices de sortie (24, 25, 26), dispositif dans lequel il est, par ailleurs, facultativement prévu
- que le sens de projection d'au moins un orifice (24, 25, 26) de sortie d'eau de chasse soit étudié de telle sorte qu'une poussée vers l'aval puisse être exercée, par le jet d'eau de chasse sortant respectivement dudit orifice, sur les eaux usées renfermées par le tuyau d'évacuation (10) et/ou
- que le sens de projection d'au moins un orifice (24, 25, 26) de sortie d'eau de chasse soit étudié de telle sorte qu'un flux tourbillonnaire puisse être engendré, dans le tuyau d'évacuation (10), par le jet d'eau de chasse sortant respectivement de cet orifice (24, 25, 26) de sortie d'eau de chasse, et/ou
- que le dispositif (29) d'épuration par jets présente une pompe à eaux usées en vue d'aspirer des eaux usées et d'acheminer ces eaux usées, en tant qu'eau de chasse, vers le tube de projection prévu au minimum.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que le jet d'eau de chasse ou au moins un jet d'eau de chasse peut être introduit, dans le tuyau d'évacuation (10), au moyen d'un tube de projection (21, 22, 23) installé rigidement sur ledit tuyau d'évacuation (10), et/ou par le fait qu'au moins un orifice de sortie d'eau de chasse se trouve dans la moitié inférieure de la section interne considérée du tuyau d'évacuation.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'orifice de sortie ou au moins un orifice de sortie d'eau de chasse, de préférence tous les orifices de sortie (24, 25, 26) se trouve(nt), respectivement, en amont du point (30) de mesurage du débit du tuyau d'évacuation (10), de préférence dans la zone longitudinale la plus basse (20) du tuyau d'évacuation, et/ou à proximité de cette zone, et/ou par le fait que l'orifice de sortie ou au moins un orifice de sortie d'eau de chasse, de préférence tous les orifices de sortie (24, 25, 26), est ou sont respectivement ménagé(s) dans la paroi du tuyau d'évacuation, et/ou par le fait que le sens de projection de l'orifice de sortie ou d'au moins un orifice de sortie d'eau de chasse, de préférence de tous les orifices de sortie (24, 25, 26), est orienté à l'oblique par rapport au sens longitudinal du tuyau d'évacuation (10), de préférence de telle sorte qu'une composante vectorielle (VF) du sens de projection (B) d'au moins un jet d'eau de chasse, sortant de l'orifice de sortie, soit dirigée dans le sens d'écoulement (A) des eaux usées.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que des vannes d'isolement distinctes (32a, 32b, 32c) sont associées aux conduits d'arrivée (21, 22, 23) gagnant au moins deux orifices (24, 25, 26) de sortie d'eau de chasse, au moins deux vannes d'isolement (32a, 32b, 32c) étant, de préférence, ouvertes et fermées de manière programmée, avec décalage temporel mutuel.
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins un tube de projection est implanté en aval du point de mesurage du débit, son sens de projection étant dirigé, de préférence, vers ledit point de mesurage du débit.
EP87107016A 1986-05-23 1987-05-14 Procédé et dispositif pour la modification de l'écoulement d'un égout Expired - Lifetime EP0246562B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3617293 1986-05-23
DE3617293 1986-05-23

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0246562A2 EP0246562A2 (fr) 1987-11-25
EP0246562A3 EP0246562A3 (en) 1988-01-20
EP0246562B1 EP0246562B1 (fr) 1990-12-27
EP0246562B2 true EP0246562B2 (fr) 1994-08-10

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ID=6301424

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87107016A Expired - Lifetime EP0246562B2 (fr) 1986-05-23 1987-05-14 Procédé et dispositif pour la modification de l'écoulement d'un égout

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EP (1) EP0246562B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE3767026D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3743703C2 (de) * 1987-12-23 1997-10-23 Vollmar Oskar Gmbh Verfahren zum automatischen Reinigen eines gedükerten Abwasserrohres
DE4429288C2 (de) * 1994-08-18 1997-09-11 Hans Dipl Ing Geiger Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sauberhaltung von Bach- und Abwasserdükern
FR2861762B1 (fr) * 2003-11-04 2006-12-15 Ksb Sas Procede de curage d'une canalisation et groupe motopompe particulierement adapte a ce procede
RO123560B1 (ro) * 2005-12-29 2013-09-30 Doru Cornel Sava Instalaţie de canalizare
DE102006041482B3 (de) * 2006-09-02 2008-01-03 Jung Pumpen Gmbh Verfahren zum Spülen einer Druckrohrleitung und Abwasserfördervorrichtung
DE202013004552U1 (de) 2013-05-16 2013-06-24 Eberhard Wendt Dükeranlage
CN107847988B (zh) 2015-06-26 2021-06-08 迪泰克塔国际有限公司 排水管清洁装置和清洁方法
JP2019518895A (ja) * 2016-05-23 2019-07-04 ▲寧▼ 小▲イン▼Ning, Xiaoying 流水加速装置
RU2770881C1 (ru) * 2021-10-14 2022-04-25 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" Узел регулирования воздушной подушки на участках канализационной сети дюкерного типа

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE362026C (de) * 1922-10-19 Gewerkschaft Hausbach O Kanalisationsrohr mit Druckwasserspuelung
DE296738C (fr) * 1915-01-05 1917-02-27
FR1563231A (fr) * 1968-02-29 1969-04-11
FR2278412A1 (fr) * 1974-07-17 1976-02-13 Cama Michel Dispositif de nettoyage de vide-ordures
SE416981B (sv) * 1979-06-11 1981-02-16 Nils Gosta Ragnar Nilsson Sett och anordning for rensning av dykarledning
DE2944733A1 (de) * 1979-11-06 1981-05-14 Fa. Oskar Vollmar, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren und anlage zur dosierung des wasserabflusses aus einem regenbecken

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3716204C2 (de) 1994-03-24
EP0246562A2 (fr) 1987-11-25
DE3767026D1 (de) 1991-02-07
EP0246562A3 (en) 1988-01-20
EP0246562B1 (fr) 1990-12-27
DE3716204A1 (de) 1987-11-26

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