EP0242643B1 - Nasal administration of drugs - Google Patents

Nasal administration of drugs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0242643B1
EP0242643B1 EP87104766A EP87104766A EP0242643B1 EP 0242643 B1 EP0242643 B1 EP 0242643B1 EP 87104766 A EP87104766 A EP 87104766A EP 87104766 A EP87104766 A EP 87104766A EP 0242643 B1 EP0242643 B1 EP 0242643B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polysorbate
weight
nasal
insulin
nonionic surfactant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87104766A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0242643A3 (en
EP0242643A2 (en
Inventor
Edwin I. Stoltz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fisons Corp
Original Assignee
Fisons Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fisons Corp filed Critical Fisons Corp
Priority to AT87104766T priority Critical patent/ATE72991T1/de
Publication of EP0242643A2 publication Critical patent/EP0242643A2/en
Publication of EP0242643A3 publication Critical patent/EP0242643A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0242643B1 publication Critical patent/EP0242643B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0043—Nose

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to compositions for the nasal administration of peptides and steroids.
  • Many drugs are administered by injection because other methods of administration do not provide acceptable drug delivery. Many drugs, such as insulin, cannot be taken orally because they are inactivated in the digestive track. For example, insulin has been administered traditionally by subcutaneous injection in order to attain the needed drug bioavailability.
  • One disadvantage of subcutaneous drug administration is that many patients are reluctant or unable to give themselves injections several times a day.
  • Other disadvantages of subcutaneously injected drugs include great intra-individual variability of absorption (See e.g., Berger, M. et al., in Sayler, J.S. ed. Insunn. update: 1982 Amersterdam Excerpta Medica , 1982, 97-110; Galoway, J.A.
  • Drugs are often poorly absorbed through the nasal mucosa and thus administration by, e.g., a nasal spray, typically requires larger amounts of the drug than administration by injection.
  • Various methods have been tried to enhance absorption of drugs across nasal membranes.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,476,116 discloses polypeptide containing pharmaceutical formulations having chelating agents which enhance peptide absorption across nasal mucous membranes.
  • compositions which can be utilized to improve the absorption of nasally administered drugs with reduced nasal irritation, especially when used with chronically administered drugs, are desirable.
  • Hirai and coworkers Hirai, S. et Intl. J. Pharmaceutics (1981) 1 , 173-184; G.B. Patent specification 1 527 605 have shown enhanced absorption of nasally administered insulin in rats by the use of surface-active agents such as laureth-9.
  • Salzman and coworkers have demonstrated enhanced absorption of nasally administered insulin in humans using laureth-9 (Salzman, R. et al., N.E. J.
  • EP-A-160501 discloses intranasal formulations of catecholamines including mixtures of polysorbate 85 and other non-ionic surfactants such as poloxamers.
  • these formulations are pressurised, sustained release, suspension formulations rather than enhanced release aqueous formulations and the role of surfactants is to improve the stability of the suspension rather than to enhance the penetration of the active ingredient through the nasal mucosa.
  • FR-A-2313914 discloses a stable aqueous insulin formulation for intranasal administration containing polysorbate 80 and having a pH value in the range of 2.5-4.7.
  • the role of the polysorbate 80 is to provide a stable insulin solution which will not gelatinise or precipitate in the pH range of 2.5-4.7, rather than to enhance the absorption of the insulin or to reduce irritation.
  • compositions which enhance absorption through the nasal mucosa with reduced irritation are desirable.
  • compositions and methods for nasal delivery of steroids and peptides are provided by using a combination of surfactants. Use of such compositions provides superior absorption of steroids and peptides through the nasal mucosa with reduced nasal irritation.
  • polysorbate-80 reduces the irritation caused by intranasally administered steroids and peptides wherein absorption of the steroids and peptides is enhanced by use of P nonionic surfactants.
  • Polysorbate-80 has traditionally been used for its key functional properties of emulsification and solubilizing power (Encyclopedia of Chemical Terminology (3rd ed.) 22: 335, 372, Wiley-Interscience). Polysorbate-80 is used as an emulsifier and dispersing agent for medicinal products designed for internal use (The Merck Index, 10th ed., Entry 7455).
  • composition for intranasal administration comprising a solution of at least one peptide or steroid, polysorbate-80 and a nonionic surfactant which enhances absorption of the peptide or steroid, said surfactant being selected from nonoxynol-9, laureth-9, poloxamer-124, octoxynol-9,or lauramide-DEA.
  • compositions according to the present invention are preferably administered from solution as a nasal spray and may be dispensed as a spray by a variety of methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • Preferred systems for dispensing liquids as a spray are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,511,069. Such systems were used in carrying out the work described in the examples set forth hereinafter.
  • Such nasal spray solutions comprise the steroid or peptide to be delivered, a nonionic surfactant which enhances absorption of the steroid or peptide, polysorbate-80, and one or more buffers.
  • the nasal spray solution further comprises a propellant.
  • the pH of the nasal spray solution is preferably between pH 6.8 and 7.2.
  • N-9 Nonoxynol-9
  • N-9 is a polyoxyethylated alkyl phenol, the polyoxyethylene condensate of nonylphenol with 9 mols of ethylene oxide.
  • This surfactant has been used in detergent products and is sold under trade names, such as, Surfonic® N-95 (Jefferson), Neutronyx® 600 (Onyx) and Igepal® C0-630 (GAF).
  • N-9 is considered to be a hard detergent.
  • N-9 has also been used as a spermatocide (The Merck Index, 10th Edition, Entry 6518).
  • the nonionic surfactant is preferably present at a concentration of from 0.05 to 0.9% by weight and polysorbate-80 is preferably present at a concentration of from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight.
  • An especially preferred composition comprises 0.5% by weight of a solution that is 10:90 polysorbate 80:N-9 wt:wt to yield a final concentration of 0.05% polysorbate-80 and 0.45% N-9 by weight.
  • Peptides which can be intranasally administered according to the present invention include insulin, cholecystokinin ("CCK”), lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (“LHRH”) and analogs thereof somastostatin and analogs thereof and atrial natriueutic factor (“ANF”) and analogs thereof.
  • CCK cholecystokinin
  • LHRH lutenizing hormone releasing hormone
  • AMF atrial natriueutic factor
  • Steroids which can be intranasally administered according to the present invention include female sex steroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
  • compositions according to the present invention can be readily determined by those skilled in the art of pharmacology.
  • Compositions according to the present invention for the nasal administration of insulin are preferably effective in reducing blood glucose levels by from 40% to 60% of the pre-dose blood glucose level within 45 to 60 minutes.
  • Nasal spray solutions of the present invention comprise the steroid or peptide to be administered, a nonionic surfactant which enhances nasal absorption of the drug and polysorbate-80, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefor and optionally other thereapeutic ingredients.
  • the carrier(s) must be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Such carriers are well known to those skilled in the art of pharmacology.
  • the formulation should not include oxidizing agents and other substances with which the drug(s) to be administered are known to be incompatible.
  • the formulations may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy.
  • All methods according to the present invention include the step of bringing into association the drug or drugs to be delivered, a nonionic surfactant which enhances absorption of the steroid or peptide, and polysorbate-80 with the carrier which may constitute one or more accessory ingredients.
  • the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the nonionic surfactant, polysorbate-80 and drug.
  • Formulations according to the present invention suitable for nasal administration of drugs conveniently comprise sterile aqueous solutions of the drug or drugs to be administered, a nonionic surfactant which enhances absorption of the steroid or peptide and polysorbate-80, which solutions are preferably in the range of pH 6.8 to 7.2.
  • Such formulations may be conveniently prepared by dissolving compositions according to the present invention in water to produce an aqueous solution, and rendering said solution sterile.
  • the formulations may be presented in multi-dose containers, for example in the sealed dispensing system disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,511,069.
  • the nasal spray solutions used in the study comprised 1% of a mixture of polysorborate-80:N-9, 1:9, wt:wt; 0.5% of a mixture of polysorbate-80:N-9, 1:9, wt:wt; 0.25% of a mixture of polysorbate-80:N-9, 1:9, wt:wt; 1% of a mixture of polysorbate-80:N-9, 1:3, wt:wt; 0.5% of a mixture of polysorbate-80:N-9, 1:3, wt:wt; 0.25% of a mixture of polysorbate-80:N-9, 1:3, wt:wt; 0.1% N-9 or a saline placebo.
  • the aerosol nasal spray solution of insulin used in this example contained commercially available regular porcine insulin (Eli Lilly) 0.1M NaH2PO4-N2O buffer, and varying concentrations of polysorbate-80 and nonoxynol-9.
  • Stock solutions containing 10:90, 50:50 and 25:75 (wt:wt) polysorbate 80: nonoxynol-9 were prepared and added to the spray solution to a final concentration of 0.1% to 0.75% by weight.
  • Nitrous oxide (Union Carbide, New York) was used as the propellant.
  • Metered does of aerosolized insulin calibrated at 10 percent (10%) constancy of dose were delivered by means of a specially constructed mechanical pump valve (U.S. Patent No. 4,511, 069).
  • This hand-held delivery device is uniquely nonvented so that the sterility of the solution in the aerosol container is maintained indefinitely.
  • Diabetic subjects were dosed with between 0.56 to 1.2 units insulin/kg body weight depending upon factors such as individual sensitivity, weight of the diabetic subject and the size/composition of the meal consumed.
  • Plasma glucose was taken from each subject every 15 minutes with plasma glucose being measured on a Yellow Springs glucose analyzer (YSF 23A).
  • the serum insulin level was determined by radioimmunoassay with use of antibody-coated insulin-assay tubes from Micromedic (Horsham, Pa.). Test Surfactant % Conc.
  • the nasal spray solution of insulin was prepared and the subjects dosed as described in Example III.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)
EP87104766A 1986-04-23 1987-03-31 Nasal administration of drugs Expired - Lifetime EP0242643B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87104766T ATE72991T1 (de) 1986-04-23 1987-03-31 Nasale verabreichung von arzneimitteln.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85511486A 1986-04-23 1986-04-23
US855114 2001-05-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0242643A2 EP0242643A2 (en) 1987-10-28
EP0242643A3 EP0242643A3 (en) 1988-04-06
EP0242643B1 true EP0242643B1 (en) 1992-03-04

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Family Applications (1)

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EP87104766A Expired - Lifetime EP0242643B1 (en) 1986-04-23 1987-03-31 Nasal administration of drugs

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5902789A (da)
EP (1) EP0242643B1 (da)
JP (1) JPH0825906B2 (da)
AT (1) ATE72991T1 (da)
AU (1) AU7076887A (da)
CA (1) CA1291036C (da)
DE (1) DE3776946D1 (da)
DK (1) DK203787A (da)
ES (1) ES2032770T3 (da)
FI (1) FI871750A (da)
IE (1) IE59764B1 (da)

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US6248789B1 (en) 1996-08-29 2001-06-19 Stuart L. Weg Administration of ketamine to manage pain and to reduce drug dependency

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US6248789B1 (en) 1996-08-29 2001-06-19 Stuart L. Weg Administration of ketamine to manage pain and to reduce drug dependency

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Publication number Publication date
EP0242643A3 (en) 1988-04-06
JPH0825906B2 (ja) 1996-03-13
DE3776946D1 (de) 1992-04-09
AU7076887A (en) 1987-10-29
ES2032770T3 (es) 1993-03-01
JPS62281813A (ja) 1987-12-07
FI871750A (fi) 1987-10-24
EP0242643A2 (en) 1987-10-28
IE870993L (en) 1987-10-23
US5902789A (en) 1999-05-11
DK203787A (da) 1987-10-24
CA1291036C (en) 1991-10-22
DK203787D0 (da) 1987-04-22
FI871750A0 (fi) 1987-04-22
ATE72991T1 (de) 1992-03-15
IE59764B1 (en) 1994-03-23

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