EP0235218B1 - Process for constructing a sloping wall or embankment in particular a sound-proofing embankment - Google Patents

Process for constructing a sloping wall or embankment in particular a sound-proofing embankment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0235218B1
EP0235218B1 EP86905264A EP86905264A EP0235218B1 EP 0235218 B1 EP0235218 B1 EP 0235218B1 EP 86905264 A EP86905264 A EP 86905264A EP 86905264 A EP86905264 A EP 86905264A EP 0235218 B1 EP0235218 B1 EP 0235218B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bags
wall
laid
process according
sacks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86905264A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0235218A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Mohr
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Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
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Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
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Publication date
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Priority to AT86905264T priority Critical patent/ATE47611T1/en
Publication of EP0235218A1 publication Critical patent/EP0235218A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/02—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise
    • E01F8/021—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with integral support structure
    • E01F8/025—Gabion-type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0216—Cribbing walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0291—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of filled, bag-like elements

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for producing an embankment wall or a rampart, in particular a noise barrier using tubular, rot-proof sacks filled with granular or sandy material as building material, which are stacked in layers in accordance with the embankment angle, the sacks being stacked on the ground and each further odd-numbered layer are laid transversely to the wall and the sacks of each even-numbered layer are laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall, wherein they are supported on at least two sacks lying transversely to the wall.
  • a method of this type for producing a noise barrier is known from DE-OS-2 917 414.
  • the bags are filled with a solid granulate from waste products, such as industrial, river or sewage sludge, and the bags thus filled into one Wall stacked, which is covered with a wire mesh and overmolded with a water-repellent cement mortar.
  • the known method for producing a noise barrier has the disadvantage that it can only be planted in a very poor manner because only a relatively thin, greenable humus layer can be applied to the layer of water-repellent cement mortar. This plantable layer dries out easily, so that the vegetation is destroyed by both drought and cold.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method with which the creation of a slope wall inclined up to 80 ° is possible, which can be planted in an excellent manner.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the sacks to be laid transversely to the wall are shorter and larger in diameter than the sacks to be laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall, and the sacks consist of an easily rootable material and with a mixture are filled from topsoil, mixed soil, gravel, sand or silt, and that the sacks to be laid across the wall are laid at intervals of 20 to 80 cm and the gaps between the sacks are filled with soil and at least partially with humus, and that the sacks to be laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall are only laid in the front area of the sacks lying transversely to the wall and the area behind them is filled with filling soil.
  • the embankment wall created in this way has plant niches between the sacks placed transversely to the wall, which are filled with humus or a mixture of humus and soil and which are connected to the soil of the embankment or to the earth building materials of the core of the wall. This ensures natural irrigation of the plant niches. Since the wall of the sacks can be easily rooted through and consists, for example, of an open mesh fabric with a mesh size of at least 1 mm 2 , the entire slope wall can be greened and grown through.
  • the slope wall or earth wall can be erected from below without the use of formwork and scaffolding.
  • the construction process is flexible, so that the slope wall can be adapted to the respective requirements and conditions by means of arches and recesses.
  • the sack fabric consists of highly tear-resistant polyester threads that have good resistance to rotting. Because of the lattice structure of the sack fabric, this does not prevent the sack filling from being rooted by grasses, shrubs and trees. This ensures that the embankment wall is initially reinforced by the fabric of the sacks, later by the root penetration. The flatter the slope angle, the greater the distance between the sacks laid across the wall.
  • the short bags 1 laid transversely to the wall are spaced 20 to 80 cm apart and the gaps 3 thus created between the bags 1 are filled with soil and at least partially with humus. These gaps 3 between the bags 1 form plant niches, from where the greening of the embankment wall begins.
  • the bottom layer of the sacks 1 laid at a distance from one another transversely to the slope wall lies on a formation 4 which is inclined backwards by 5 to 15 °, in particular by 10 °.
  • the following layers of the short sacks 1 lying transversely to the wall are also inclined backwards.
  • the space or the gaps 3 between the short bags 1 is filled with a soil mixture that is favorable for the desired planting.
  • An approximately 15 cm thick layer 5 of filling soil is applied to each layer of sacks 1 laid transversely to the wall and rolled or shaken.
  • an earth-filled long sack 2 which is smaller in diameter than the short sacks 1 laid transversely to the wall, is laid on the front edge of the sacks 1 laid transversely to the wall.
  • the short sacks 1, which are laid transversely to the wall, are laid with their collar inwards, so that the sack bottoms are located on the outer wall.
  • the long sacks 2 running longitudinally to the wall can be attached to the short sacks 1 located underneath to increase the stability.
  • the attachment can be done by clipping, for example by means of steel hooks, and also by gluing or tying.
  • the earth pressure that occurs is compensated for by the active earth pressure that is applied by the wall formed by bags 1 and 2.
  • Anchoring one or more layers of sack is required for steeper slope walls and for higher slope walls.
  • a coarse-mesh grid fabric 6 with an overhang is laid out on the fourth filling.
  • the overhanging part of the coarse-mesh grid fabric 6 is knocked back and installed or anchored in the bed of the wall core or the embankment core.
  • the penetration of the mesh fabric with stones provides sufficient toothing to absorb the tensile forces. Additional anchoring is required for fine-grained floors.
  • the anchoring can be carried out by sacks 7 laid at the rear, around which the coarse-mesh grid fabric 6 is wrapped.
  • the overlapping ends of the coarse-mesh lattice fabric are to be connected to one another, for example to be clamped or bridled.
  • the upper layers of two steep walls of a noise barrier can also be anchored to one another in this way.
  • Fig. 4 shows a noise barrier with two approximately 75 ° steep embankment walls, in which every second layer of bags lying transversely to the walls are anchored to one another.
  • the anchoring takes place here by means of ropes, cords or plastic-coated steel wires 8, which attack the constricted rosettes of the bags 1.
  • Such a noise barrier requires a small footprint and can therefore also be built in densely built-up areas.
  • Fig. 5 shows a technical security structure with post 9, on which a green cover is hung.
  • the posts 9 can be driven piles or bored piles or double-T profiles within a concrete wall or wall.
  • the sacks 1 of every second layer of sacks 1 running transversely to the wall are fastened to these posts 9 by means of ropes 8.
  • the ropes 8 can be formed by the closing cords of the bags 1. These ropes 8 can be attached directly to these posts 9 or else to ropes or steel rods 10 which are stretched between these posts 9.
  • the method according to the invention for erecting a steep slope wall which can be planted in an excellent manner can be carried out without the use of formwork and scaffolding.
  • the process is flexible and offers great design options.
  • the mesh fabric of bags 1 and 2 is expediently PVC-coated. This gives the bags a high mechanical strength and can therefore be easily installed by hand and by machine.
  • the sheathing can be chosen so that its strength drops considerably after two to five years, so that the growth of the roots can shift the polyester threads of the mesh and thicker roots also grow through the mesh of bags 1 and 2.
  • the tensile strength of the polyester threads of the bags is essentially retained. Due to the good rooting, the steep slope wall is secured against washing out.
  • the slope wall produced according to the invention has the advantage that it can also be repaired with little effort, provided the bags should tear due to greater mechanical loads, for example as a result of a car accident.
  • the tears in bags 1 and 2 can be sewn or simply Can be closed by means of a binding wire.
  • a strip of a coarse mesh can also be attached over a larger damaged area. The attachment can be done by sewing, stapling or also with pegs.
  • FIG. 6 and 7 show plan views of an empty short sack 1 and an empty long sack 2.
  • the shapes of these sacks 1 and 2 are also shown in the filled state in phantom lines.
  • the illustrated short sack 1 is 100 cm long and 85 cm wide.
  • the long sack 2 shown in FIG. 7 is 150 cm long and 34 cm wide. Both sacks are made of highly tear-resistant polyester threads, which have a low elongation even under permanent load.
  • the sizes of the short bags 1 and long bags 2 used can be considerably larger than those previously described.
  • the short sacks to be laid transversely to the wall expediently have a seamless bottom and two side seams 11. Before they are filled, these sacks can be turned over so that the protruding sack edges lie on the inside and do not appear disruptive.
  • Two eyelets 12 are inserted on both sides of the short sack 1. With the help of these eyelets, the sacks laid at a distance from one another at a distance from the wall can be connected to one another via spacers 14.
  • the spacers 14 create a longitudinal bond and facilitate the precise spacing of the sacks 1. So that a filled and closed sack cannot open under load, several eyelets 13 are punched into the sack collar, through which a cord, a rope or the like is correspondingly stamped when the sacks 1 are closed a duffel closure is pulled through.
  • the closing cord itself or a rope 8 engaging thereon can serve to anchor the short sacks 1.
  • the long sack 2 has a bottom seam 15 and a side seam 16. Furthermore, eyelets 17 are provided on the bottom of the sack and eyelets 18 on the waistband of the sack.
  • the eyelets 18 are used to close the long bag 2 with the help of the eyelets 17 and 18, but the long bags can also be connected to one another and also to the short bags 1.
  • the closing cord which is pulled through the eyes 18 and the eyes 17 of the subsequent long bag, is expediently used to connect the long bags to one another.
  • Galvanized wire can also be used to close, anchor and connect the short bags 1 and the long bags 2.
  • Plastic-coated steel hooks can also be used as spacers 14.
  • the anchoring sheet 6 like the sacks 1 and 2, consists of a mesh fabric made of polyester with a PVC covering. However, the mesh size of this mesh should be over 4 mm and can be up to 40 mm.
  • the PVC sheathing serves in particular for the anchoring sheet 6 and also for bags 1 and 2 to fix the position of the polyester threads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

A sloping wall or embankment in particular a sound-proofing embankment is made with the use of tubular and rot-proof bags (1, 2) filled with granular or sandy material as the building material. The bags are stacked in an interlocking manner, in layers and placed in accordance with the angle of slope. The sacks (1) of the ground layer and of every odd-numbered layer are placed at right angles to the wall, and the sacks (2) of every even-numbered layer are placed in the longitudinal direction of the wall, whereby they are supported on at least two sacks lying at right angles to the wall. The sacks (1) lying at right angles to the wall are placed at intervals of between 20 and 80 cm and the holes thus created between the sacks are filled with soil and at least partly with humus, so that plant niches are created in the sloping wall made of filled sacks (1, 2), thus providing a reliable source of greenary for the wall.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Böschungswand oder eines Walles, insbesondere eines Lärmschutzwalles unter Verwendung schlauchförmiger, verrottungssicherer, mit körnigem oder sandigem Material gefüllter Säcke als Baumaterial, die lageweise entsprechend dem Böschungswinkel versetzt im Verbund gestapelt werden, wobei die Säcke der Bodenlage und jeder weiteren ungeradzahligen Lage quer zur Wand verlegt werden und die Säcke jeder geradzahligen Lage in Längsrichtung der Wand verlegt werden, wobei sie auf mindestens zwei quer zur Wand liegenden Säcke abgestützt sind. Ein Verfahren dieser Art zur Herstellung eines Lärmschutzwalles ist bekannt aus der DE-OS-2 917 414. Bei dem bekannten Verfahren werden die Säcke mit einem festen Granulat aus Abfallprodukten, wie Industrie-, Fluß- oder Klärschlamm gefüllt und die so gefüllten Säcke zu einem Wall gestapelt, der mit einem Maschendraht umspannt wird und mit einem wasserabweisenden Zementmörtel umspritzt wird. Das bekannte Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lärmschutzwalles hat den Nachteil, daß er nur sehr mangelhaft begrünbar ist, weil auf die Schicht aus wasserabweisendem Zementmörtel nur eine relativ dünne, begrünbare Humusschicht aufgebracht werden kann. Diese begrünbare Schicht trocknet leicht aus, so daß der Pflanzbewuchs sowohl durch Trockenheit als auch durch Kälte zerstört wird.The invention is based on a method for producing an embankment wall or a rampart, in particular a noise barrier using tubular, rot-proof sacks filled with granular or sandy material as building material, which are stacked in layers in accordance with the embankment angle, the sacks being stacked on the ground and each further odd-numbered layer are laid transversely to the wall and the sacks of each even-numbered layer are laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall, wherein they are supported on at least two sacks lying transversely to the wall. A method of this type for producing a noise barrier is known from DE-OS-2 917 414. In the known method, the bags are filled with a solid granulate from waste products, such as industrial, river or sewage sludge, and the bags thus filled into one Wall stacked, which is covered with a wire mesh and overmolded with a water-repellent cement mortar. The known method for producing a noise barrier has the disadvantage that it can only be planted in a very poor manner because only a relatively thin, greenable humus layer can be applied to the layer of water-repellent cement mortar. This plantable layer dries out easily, so that the vegetation is destroyed by both drought and cold.

Aus der FR-A-2 370 827 ist es bekannt, zur Begrünung einer Böschung eine Mischung aus Samenkörnern, chemischen Produkten und Bindemittel in Säcke zu füllen und die so hergestellten Elemente in Abständen voneinander längs zur Böschungswand zu verlegen. Diese Elemente sind nicht geeignet, eine relativ steile Böschung zu ermöglichen.From FR-A-2 370 827 it is known to fill a mixture of seeds, chemical products and binding agents into sacks for greening an embankment and to lay the elements thus produced at intervals from one another along the embankment wall. These elements are not suitable to enable a relatively steep slope.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem die Erstellung einer bis zu 80° geneigten Böschungswand möglich ist, die in hervorragender Weise begrünbar ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a method with which the creation of a slope wall inclined up to 80 ° is possible, which can be planted in an excellent manner.

Ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten Verfahren wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die quer zur Wand zu verlegenden Säcke kürzer und im Durchmesser größer sind als die in Längsrichtung der Wand zu verlegenden Säcke, und die Säcke aus einem leicht durchwurzelbaren Material bestehen und mit einer Mischung aus Mutterboden, Mischboden, Kies, Sand oder Schluffe gefüllt sind, und daß die quer zur Wand zu verlegenden Säcke in Abständen von 20 bis 80 cm verlegt werden und die so zwischen den Säcken entstehenden Lücken mit Erdreich und zumindest teilweise mit Humus verfüllt werden, und daß die in Längsrichtung der Wand zu verlegenden Säcke nur im vorderen Bereich der quer zur Wand liegenden Säcke verlegt werden und der dahinter befindliche Bereich mit Füllboden gefüllt wird.Based on the method mentioned in the introduction, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the sacks to be laid transversely to the wall are shorter and larger in diameter than the sacks to be laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall, and the sacks consist of an easily rootable material and with a mixture are filled from topsoil, mixed soil, gravel, sand or silt, and that the sacks to be laid across the wall are laid at intervals of 20 to 80 cm and the gaps between the sacks are filled with soil and at least partially with humus, and that the sacks to be laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall are only laid in the front area of the sacks lying transversely to the wall and the area behind them is filled with filling soil.

Die so erstellte Böschungswand weist zwischen den quer zur Wand gelegten Säcken Pflanznischen auf, die mit Humus oder einem Humus-Erdgemisch gefüllt sind und die mit dem Erdreich der Böschung bzw. mit den Erdbaustoffen des Kernes des Walles in Verbindung stehen. Auf diese Weise ist für eine natürliche Bewässerung der Pflanznischen gesorgt. Da die Wandung der Säcke leicht durchwurzelbar ist und beispielsweise aus einem offenen Gittergewebe mit einer Maschenweite von mindestens 1 mm2 besteht, kann die gesamte Böschungswand begrünt und durchwachsen werden.The embankment wall created in this way has plant niches between the sacks placed transversely to the wall, which are filled with humus or a mixture of humus and soil and which are connected to the soil of the embankment or to the earth building materials of the core of the wall. This ensures natural irrigation of the plant niches. Since the wall of the sacks can be easily rooted through and consists, for example, of an open mesh fabric with a mesh size of at least 1 mm 2 , the entire slope wall can be greened and grown through.

Die Böschungswand bzw. der Erdwall kann von unten her ohne Verwendung von Schalungen und Gerüsten aufgebaut werden. Das Bauverfahren ist flexibel, so daß die Böschungswand durch Bögen und Rücksprünge den jeweiligen Erfordernissen und Gegebenheiten angepaßt werden kann. Das Sackgewebe besteht aus hochreißfesten Polyesterfäden, die eine gute Beständigkeit gegen Verrottung besitzen. Wegen der Gitterstruktur des Sackgewebes behindert dieses nicht die Durchwurzelung der Sackfüllung durch Gräser, Sträucher und Bäume. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß die Böschungswand zunächst durch das Gewebe der Säcke armiert ist, später zusätzlich durch die Durchwurzelung. Der Abstand zwischen den quer zur Wand verlegten Säcken kann umso größer sein, je flacher der Böschungswinkel ist.The slope wall or earth wall can be erected from below without the use of formwork and scaffolding. The construction process is flexible, so that the slope wall can be adapted to the respective requirements and conditions by means of arches and recesses. The sack fabric consists of highly tear-resistant polyester threads that have good resistance to rotting. Because of the lattice structure of the sack fabric, this does not prevent the sack filling from being rooted by grasses, shrubs and trees. This ensures that the embankment wall is initially reinforced by the fabric of the sacks, later by the root penetration. The flatter the slope angle, the greater the distance between the sacks laid across the wall.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen.Further features of the invention emerge from the patent claims.

In der folgenden Beschreibung werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Diese zeigen in:

  • Fig. 1 eine Frontansicht einer erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Böschungswand,
  • Fig. 2 eine Schnittansicht durch eine Böschungswand mit Verankerung,
  • Fig. 3 eine Schnittansicht gemäß Fig. 2 mit einer abgewandelten Verankerung,
  • Fig.4 eine Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Lärmschutzwalles,
  • Fig. 5 eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäß hergestellten vorgehängten begrünbaren Verkleidung,
  • Fig. 6 Draufsicht auf einen kurzen Sack,
  • Fig. 7 Draufsicht auf einen langen Sack.
In the following description, exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with reference to the drawings. These show in:
  • 1 is a front view of a slope wall produced according to the invention,
  • 2 is a sectional view through an embankment wall with anchoring,
  • 3 shows a sectional view according to FIG. 2 with a modified anchoring,
  • 4 shows a sectional view of a noise barrier produced according to the invention,
  • 5 is a sectional view of a curtain cover which can be planted according to the invention,
  • 6 top view of a short sack,
  • Fig. 7 top view of a long sack.

Bei der Errichtung der aus den Fig. 1, 2 und 3 ersichtlichen Böschungswänden werden schlauchförmige, verrottungssichere und mit Erde, Sand, Mischböden und dergleichen gefüllte kurze Säcke 1 und lange Säcke 2 als Baumaterial verwendet. Die Säcke 1 und 2 werden lageweise entsprechend dem Böschungswinkel versetzt im Verbund gestapelt, wobei die Säcke 1 der Bodenlage und jeder weiteren ungeradzahligen Lage quer zur Wand verlegt werden und die Säcke 2 jeder geradzahligen Lage in Längsrichtung der Wand verlegt werden. Die längeren, in Längsrichtung der Wand verlegten und im Durchmesser kleineren Säcke 2 sind auf mindestens zwei quer zur Wand liegenden Säcken 1 abgestützt. Die quer zur Wand verlegten kurzen Säcke 1 haben Abstände von 20 bis 80 cm voneinander und die derart zwischen den Säcken 1 entstehenden Lücken 3 sind mit Erdreich und zumindest teilweise mit Humus gefüllt. Diese Lücken 3 zwischen den Säcken 1 bilden Pflanznischen, von wo aus die Begrünung der Böschungswand beginnt.In the construction of the embankment walls shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, tubular, rot-proof and filled with soil, sand, mixed soils and the like, short sacks 1 and long sacks 2 are used as building material. The bags 1 and 2 are stacked in layers according to the angle of embankment in the composite, with the bags 1 of the ground layer and each further odd-numbered layer being laid transversely to the wall and the bags 2 of each even-numbered layer being laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall. The longer, in the longitudinal direction of the wall and smaller in diameter bags 2 are on minde at least two sacks 1 lying transversely to the wall are supported. The short bags 1 laid transversely to the wall are spaced 20 to 80 cm apart and the gaps 3 thus created between the bags 1 are filled with soil and at least partially with humus. These gaps 3 between the bags 1 form plant niches, from where the greening of the embankment wall begins.

Die Bodenlage der im Abstand voneinander verlegten quer zur Böschungswand verlegten Säcke 1 liegt auf einem Planum 4, das um 5 bis 15°, insbesondere um 10° nach rückwärts geneigt ist. Auch die folgenden Lagen der quer zur Wand liegenden kurzen Säcke 1 sind nach rückwärts geneigt. Der Zwischenraum bzw. die Lücken 3 zwischen den kurzen Säcken 1 ist mit einer Erdmischung gefüllt, die für die gewünschte Bepflanzung günstig ist. Auf jede Lage von quer zur Wand verlegten Säcken 1 wird eine etwa 15 cm dicke Schicht 5 aus Füllboden aufgebracht und abgewalzt oder gerüttelt. Zur Sicherung dieser Füllbodenschicht 5 gegen Erosion wird an der Vorderkante der quer zur Wand verlegten Säcke 1 ein erdgefüllter langer Sack 2 verlegt, der im Durchmesser kleiner ist als die kurzen, quer zur Wand verlegten Säcke 1.The bottom layer of the sacks 1 laid at a distance from one another transversely to the slope wall lies on a formation 4 which is inclined backwards by 5 to 15 °, in particular by 10 °. The following layers of the short sacks 1 lying transversely to the wall are also inclined backwards. The space or the gaps 3 between the short bags 1 is filled with a soil mixture that is favorable for the desired planting. An approximately 15 cm thick layer 5 of filling soil is applied to each layer of sacks 1 laid transversely to the wall and rolled or shaken. To secure this filling layer 5 against erosion, an earth-filled long sack 2, which is smaller in diameter than the short sacks 1 laid transversely to the wall, is laid on the front edge of the sacks 1 laid transversely to the wall.

Die kurzen Säcke 1 sind leer etwa 100 cm lang und 85 cm breit. Die langen Säcke 2 sind etwa 150 cm lang und 32 cm breit. Nach Füllung dieser Säcke 1 und 2 mit Humus, Humus-Bodengemisch, Sand, Schluffe, Kies und Gemische davon ergeben sich für die Säcke 1 und 2 folgende Abmessungen:

  • kurzer Sack 1: Länge ca. 85 cm, Breite ca. 55 cm und Höhe ca. 25 cm.
  • Langer Sack: Länge: 135 cm, Breite 25 cm, Höhe 15 cm.
The short bags 1 are empty about 100 cm long and 85 cm wide. The long bags 2 are about 150 cm long and 32 cm wide. After filling these bags 1 and 2 with humus, humus soil mixture, sand, silt, gravel and mixtures thereof, the following dimensions result for bags 1 and 2:
  • short sack 1: length approx. 85 cm, width approx. 55 cm and height approx. 25 cm.
  • Long sack: length: 135 cm, width 25 cm, height 15 cm.

Die quer zur Wand verlegten kurzen Säcke 1 werden mit ihrem Bund nach innen verlegt, so daß die Sackböden sich an der Außenwand befinden. Die längs zur Wand verlaufenden langen Säcke 2 können zur Erhöhung der Stabilität an den jeweils darunter befindlichen kurzen Säcken 1 befestigt werden. Die Befestigung kann durch Verklammerung, beispielsweise mittels Stahlhaken und auch durch Verklebung oder Verschnürung erfolgen.The short sacks 1, which are laid transversely to the wall, are laid with their collar inwards, so that the sack bottoms are located on the outer wall. The long sacks 2 running longitudinally to the wall can be attached to the short sacks 1 located underneath to increase the stability. The attachment can be done by clipping, for example by means of steel hooks, and also by gluing or tying.

Bei Böden mit günstigem Schüttwinkel und ausreichender Kohäsion wird der auftretende Erddruck durch den aktiven Erddruck ausgeglichen, der von der aus Säcken 1 und 2 gebildeten Wand aufgebracht wird. Bei steileren Böschungswänden und bei höheren Böschungswänden ist eine Rückverankerung einer oder mehrerer Sacklagen erforderlich.In the case of soils with a favorable angle of repose and sufficient cohesion, the earth pressure that occurs is compensated for by the active earth pressure that is applied by the wall formed by bags 1 and 2. Anchoring one or more layers of sack is required for steeper slope walls and for higher slope walls.

Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, wird auf die vierte Füllage ein grobmaschiges Gittergewebe 6 mit Überhang ausgelegt.As shown in FIG. 2, a coarse-mesh grid fabric 6 with an overhang is laid out on the fourth filling.

Nach Verlegen der nächsten Lage quer zur Wand liegender Säcke 1 wird der überhängende Teil des grobmaschigen Gittergewebes 6 zurückgeschlagen und in die Schüttung des Wallkerns oder des Böschungskerns eingebaut bzw. verankert. In steinigen Böden bringt die Durchdringung des Gittergewebes mit Steinen eine ausreichende Verzahnung zur Aufnahme der Zugkräfte. Bei feinkörnigen Böden ist noch eine zusätzliche Verankerung erforderlich.After laying the next layer of sacks 1 lying transversely to the wall, the overhanging part of the coarse-mesh grid fabric 6 is knocked back and installed or anchored in the bed of the wall core or the embankment core. In stony soils, the penetration of the mesh fabric with stones provides sufficient toothing to absorb the tensile forces. Additional anchoring is required for fine-grained floors.

Wie Fig. 3 zeigt, kann die Verankerung durch rückwärtig verlegte Säcke 7 erfolgen, um welche das grobmaschige Gittergewebe 6 herumgeschlungen ist. Die einander überlappenden Enden des grobmaschigen Gittergewebes sind miteinander zu verbinden, beispielsweise zu verklammern oder zu verrödeln.As FIG. 3 shows, the anchoring can be carried out by sacks 7 laid at the rear, around which the coarse-mesh grid fabric 6 is wrapped. The overlapping ends of the coarse-mesh lattice fabric are to be connected to one another, for example to be clamped or bridled.

Auch die oberen Lagen zweier Steilwände eines Lärmschutzwalles können auf diese Weise miteinander verankert werden.The upper layers of two steep walls of a noise barrier can also be anchored to one another in this way.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen Lärmschutzwall mit zwei etwa 75° steilen Böschungswänden, bei denen jede zweite Lage quer zu den Wänden liegenden Säcken miteinander verankert sind. Die Verankerung erfolgt hier über Seile, Kordeln oder kunststoffbeschichteten Stahldrähten 8, die an den zusammengeschnürten Rosetten der Säcke 1 angreifen. Ein derartiger Lärmschutzwall benötigt eine geringe Grundfläche und kann deshalb auch in eng bebauten Gebieten errichtet werden.Fig. 4 shows a noise barrier with two approximately 75 ° steep embankment walls, in which every second layer of bags lying transversely to the walls are anchored to one another. The anchoring takes place here by means of ropes, cords or plastic-coated steel wires 8, which attack the constricted rosettes of the bags 1. Such a noise barrier requires a small footprint and can therefore also be built in densely built-up areas.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt eine technische Sicherungskonstruktion mit Pfosten 9, an die eine begrünbare Verkleidung vorgehängt ist. Die Pfosten 9 können Rammpfähle oder Bohrpfähle sein oder Doppel-T-Profile innerhalb einer Betonwand oder einer Mauer. An diese Pfosten 9 sind über Seile 8 die Säcke 1 jeder zweiten Lage von quer zur Wand verlaufenden Säcken 1 befestigt. Die Seile 8 können von den Schließkordel'n der Säcke 1 gebildet sein. Diese Seile 8 können unmittelbar an diese Pfosten 9 befestigt sein oder aber auch an Seilen oder Stahlstäben 10, die zwischen diesen Pfosten 9 gespannt sind.Fig. 5 shows a technical security structure with post 9, on which a green cover is hung. The posts 9 can be driven piles or bored piles or double-T profiles within a concrete wall or wall. The sacks 1 of every second layer of sacks 1 running transversely to the wall are fastened to these posts 9 by means of ropes 8. The ropes 8 can be formed by the closing cords of the bags 1. These ropes 8 can be attached directly to these posts 9 or else to ropes or steel rods 10 which are stretched between these posts 9.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Errichtung einer steilen Böschungswand, die in hervorragender Weise begrünbar ist, läßt sich ohne Verwendung von Schalungen und Gerüsten durchführen. Das Verfahren ist flexibel und bietet große Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten. Das Gittergewebe der Säcke 1 und 2 ist zweckmäßigerweise PVC-ummantelt. Dies gibt den Säcken eine hohe mechanische Beanspruchbarkeit und können deshalb leicht von Hand und auch maschinell verlegt werden. Die Ummantelung kann so gewählt werden, daß ihre Festigkeit nach zwei bis fünf Jahren erheblich nachläßt, so daß beim Wachstum der Wurzeln die Polyesterfäden des Gittergewebes verschoben werden können und auch dickere Wurzeln das Gittergewebe der Säcke 1 und 2 durchwachsen. Die Reißfestigkeit der Polyesterfäden der Säcke bleibt dabei im wesentlichen erhalten. Durch die gute Durchwurzelung ist die steile Böschungswand gegen Auswaschungen gesichert.The method according to the invention for erecting a steep slope wall which can be planted in an excellent manner can be carried out without the use of formwork and scaffolding. The process is flexible and offers great design options. The mesh fabric of bags 1 and 2 is expediently PVC-coated. This gives the bags a high mechanical strength and can therefore be easily installed by hand and by machine. The sheathing can be chosen so that its strength drops considerably after two to five years, so that the growth of the roots can shift the polyester threads of the mesh and thicker roots also grow through the mesh of bags 1 and 2. The tensile strength of the polyester threads of the bags is essentially retained. Due to the good rooting, the steep slope wall is secured against washing out.

Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Böschungswand hat den Vorteil, daß sie auch mit geringem Aufwand repariert werden kann, sofern durch größere mechanische Beanspruchungen, beispielsweise infolge eines Autounfalles, die Säcke reißen sollten. Die Rißstellen der Säcke 1 und 2 können durch einfaches Vernähen oder Zusammenziehen mittels eines Bindedrahtes verschlossen werden. Über eine größere Schadstelle kann auch ein Streifen eines grobmaschigen Gittergewebes befestigt werden. Die Befestigung kann durch Vernähen, Verklammern oder auch mittels Erdnägeln erfolgen.The slope wall produced according to the invention has the advantage that it can also be repaired with little effort, provided the bags should tear due to greater mechanical loads, for example as a result of a car accident. The tears in bags 1 and 2 can be sewn or simply Can be closed by means of a binding wire. A strip of a coarse mesh can also be attached over a larger damaged area. The attachment can be done by sewing, stapling or also with pegs.

Damit ein längs einer Autobahn errichteter Lärmschutzwall nicht durch Autounfälle beschädigt wird, empfiehlt es sich - wie Fig. 3 zeigt - der Steilböschung eine etwa 1,5 m hohe Erdböschung mit einer Neigung von 1 : 1,5 vorzulagern. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die meisten von einer Autobahn abkommenden Fahrzeuge nur bis zu dieser Höhe eine Böschung anfahren.So that a noise barrier built along a freeway is not damaged by car accidents, it is advisable - as shown in Fig. 3 - to precede the steep slope with a roughly 1.5 m high earth slope with a slope of 1: 1.5. It has been shown that most vehicles coming off a freeway only approach an embankment up to this height.

Die Fig. 6 und 7 zeigen Draufsichten auf einen leeren kurzen Sack 1 und auf einen leeren langen Sack 2. In Phantomlinien sind auch die Formen dieser Säcke 1 und 2 im gefüllten Zustand eingezeichnet. Der dargestellte kurze Sack 1 ist 100 cm lang und 85 cm breit. Der in Fig. 7 dargestellte lange Sack 2 ist 150 cm lang und 34 cm breit. Beide Säcke bestehen aus hochreißfesten Polyesterfäden, die auch unter Dauerbelastung eine geringe Dehnung haben.6 and 7 show plan views of an empty short sack 1 and an empty long sack 2. The shapes of these sacks 1 and 2 are also shown in the filled state in phantom lines. The illustrated short sack 1 is 100 cm long and 85 cm wide. The long sack 2 shown in FIG. 7 is 150 cm long and 34 cm wide. Both sacks are made of highly tear-resistant polyester threads, which have a low elongation even under permanent load.

Je nach Verlegetechnik können die Größen der zum Einsatz gelangenden kurzen Säcke 1 und langen Säcke 2 erheblich größer sein als die zuvor beschriebenen.Depending on the laying technique, the sizes of the short bags 1 and long bags 2 used can be considerably larger than those previously described.

Die quer zur Wand zu verlegenden kurzen Säcke haben zweckmäßigerweise einen nahtlosen Boden und zwei Seitennähte 11. Vor ihrer Füllung können diese Säcke gewendet werden, damit die überstehenden Sackränder innen liegen und nicht störend in Erscheinung treten.The short sacks to be laid transversely to the wall expediently have a seamless bottom and two side seams 11. Before they are filled, these sacks can be turned over so that the protruding sack edges lie on the inside and do not appear disruptive.

An beiden Seiten des kurzen Sackes 1 sind zwei Ösen 12 eingesetzt. Mit Hilfe dieser Ösen können die quer zur Wand im Abstand verlegten Säcke über Abstandhalter 14 miteinander verbunden werden. Die Abstandhalter 14 bewirken einen Längsverbund und erleichtern das abstandsgenaue Verlegen der Säcke 1. Damit ein gefüllter und verschlossener Sack nicht unter Belastung aufgehen kann, sind am Sackbund mehrere Ösen 13 eingestanzt, durch welche beim Verschließen der Säcke 1 eine Kordel, ein Seil oder dergleichen entsprechend einem Seesackverschluß hindurchgezogen wird. Die Schließkordel selbst oder ein daran angreifendes Seil 8 kann zur Verankerung der kurzen Säcke 1 dienen.Two eyelets 12 are inserted on both sides of the short sack 1. With the help of these eyelets, the sacks laid at a distance from one another at a distance from the wall can be connected to one another via spacers 14. The spacers 14 create a longitudinal bond and facilitate the precise spacing of the sacks 1. So that a filled and closed sack cannot open under load, several eyelets 13 are punched into the sack collar, through which a cord, a rope or the like is correspondingly stamped when the sacks 1 are closed a duffel closure is pulled through. The closing cord itself or a rope 8 engaging thereon can serve to anchor the short sacks 1.

Der lange Sack 2 hat eine Bodennaht 15 und eine Seitennaht 16. Ferner sind am Sackboden Ösen 17 und am Sackbund Ösen 18 vorgesehen. Die Ösen 18 dienen zum Verschließen des langen Sackes 2 mit Hilfe der Ösen 17 und 18, können aber auch die langen Säcke miteinander und auch mit den kurzen Säcken 1 verbunden werden. Zum Verbinden der langen Säcke untereinander dient zweckmäßigerweise die Schließkordel, welche durch die Ösen 18 und die Ösen 17 des anschließenden langen Sackes gezogen wird. Zum Verschliessen, Verankern und Verbinden der kurzen Säcke 1 und der langen Säcke 2 kann auch verzinkter Draht benutzt werden. Als Abstandhalter 14 können auch kunststoffumhüllte Stahlhaken verwendet werden.The long sack 2 has a bottom seam 15 and a side seam 16. Furthermore, eyelets 17 are provided on the bottom of the sack and eyelets 18 on the waistband of the sack. The eyelets 18 are used to close the long bag 2 with the help of the eyelets 17 and 18, but the long bags can also be connected to one another and also to the short bags 1. The closing cord, which is pulled through the eyes 18 and the eyes 17 of the subsequent long bag, is expediently used to connect the long bags to one another. Galvanized wire can also be used to close, anchor and connect the short bags 1 and the long bags 2. Plastic-coated steel hooks can also be used as spacers 14.

Die Verankerungsbahn 6 besteht ebenso wie die Säcke 1 und 2 aus einem Gittergewebe aus Polyester mit einer PVC-Ummantelung. Die Maschenweite dieses Gittergewebes sollte jedoch bei über 4 mm sein und kann bis zu 40 mm betragen. Die PVC-Ummantelung dient sowohl bei der Verankerungsbahn 6 als auch bei den Säcken 1 und 2 insbesondere der Lagefixierung der Polyesterfäden.The anchoring sheet 6, like the sacks 1 and 2, consists of a mesh fabric made of polyester with a PVC covering. However, the mesh size of this mesh should be over 4 mm and can be up to 40 mm. The PVC sheathing serves in particular for the anchoring sheet 6 and also for bags 1 and 2 to fix the position of the polyester threads.

Claims (12)

1. A process for constructing a bank wall or an embankment, in particular a sound-proofing embankment, using tubular, rot-proof bags filled with granular or sandy material, as the building material, the bags being stacked in interlocking relationship in layers in displaced relationship in accordance with the angle of slope, wherein the bags of the ground layer and each further odd- numbered layer are laid transversely with respect to the wall and the bags in each evennumbered layer are laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall, being supported on at least two bags disposed transversely with respect to the wall, characterised in that the bags (1) which are to be laid transversely with respect to the wall are shorter and are of larger diameter than the bags (2) which are to be laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall and the bags (1, 2) comprise a material through which roots can easily pass and are filled with a mixture of top soil, mixed soil, gravel, sand or silts, and that the bags (1) which are to be laid transversely with respect to the wall are laid at spacings of from 20 to 80 cm and the gaps (3) which are thus formed between the bags (1) are filled with earth and at least partly with humus, and that the bags (2) which are to be laid in the longitudinal direction of the wall are laid only in the front region of the bags (1) which are disposed transversely with respect to the wall and the region therebehind is filled with filling soil.
2. A process according to claim 1 characterised in that the short bags (1) are about 90 to 120 cm in length and 70 to 95 cm in width in the empty condition and the long bags (2) are about 130 to 170 cm in length and 30 to 40 cm in width in the empty condition.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the bags (2) which are laid in the longitudinal direction with respect to the wall are at least partially connected to the bags (1) which are laid transversely with respect to the wall, and in particular are sewn, clipped or tied thereto.
4. A process according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the bags (1, 2) comprise an open mesh fabric with a mesh size of at least 1 mm2
5. A process according to claim 4 characterised in that the mesh fabric of the bags (1, 2) essentially comprises polyester yarns and has a tearing strength of over 150 daN/5 cm.
6. A process according to claim 4 or claim 5 characterised in that the mesh fabric of the bags (1, 2) is encased with polyvinyl chloride.
7. A process according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the bags (1) which are laid transversely with respect to the wall are at least partially anchored by an anchoring web (6) which passes around the bags (1) and which comprises a rot-proof, coarsemesh fabric.
8. A process according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that the bags (1) which are laid transversely with respect to the wall are anchored by ties or ropes (8) which engage the neck portions (19) of the bags, to posts, to oppositely disposed bags (1) or to bags (7) which are laid in the ground.
9. A process according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterised in that arranged at the shoulder of the short bags (1) are at least four eyes (13) through which a closing and/or anchoring rope (8) can be passed.
10. A process according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterised in that disposed at each side of the short bags (1) are eyes (12) through which spacers (14) or connecting ropes can be passed.
11. A process according to one of claims 1 to 10 characterised in that the long bags (2) have a bottom seam (15) and a side seam (16) and eyes (17) are arranged at the bottom of the bag and eyes (18) are arranged at the shoulder of the bag.
12. A process according to one of claims 1 to 11 characterised in that the mesh fabric of the bags (1, 2) is encased with a plastics material which fixes the yarns of the fabric relative to each other and which loses its strength within a short time, for example after two years.
EP86905264A 1985-08-23 1986-08-12 Process for constructing a sloping wall or embankment in particular a sound-proofing embankment Expired EP0235218B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86905264T ATE47611T1 (en) 1985-08-23 1986-08-12 PROCESS FOR BUILDING AN EMPHASIS WALL OR A WALL, IN PARTICULAR A NOISE BARRIER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853530124 DE3530124A1 (en) 1985-08-23 1985-08-23 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SLOPE WALL OR WALL, IN PARTICULAR A NOISE PROTECTION WALL
DE3530124 1985-08-23

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EP0235218A1 EP0235218A1 (en) 1987-09-09
EP0235218B1 true EP0235218B1 (en) 1989-10-25

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EP (1) EP0235218B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3530124A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1987001148A1 (en)

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DE3666599D1 (en) 1989-11-30
DE3530124A1 (en) 1987-03-05
EP0235218A1 (en) 1987-09-09
WO1987001148A1 (en) 1987-02-26

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