EP0191793B1 - Support band against the stone slide of the filling of a bank - Google Patents

Abstract

A support band (10) may be vertically mounted by means of piles (11) at the steep surface (3) of a bank before the latter is covered by filling materials (6) consisting substantially of soils appropriate to cultivation, in order to form a grid which covers the surface (3) of the bank. The support band is comprised of a cloth (20) of which the warp and weft yarns (21, 22 respectively) are made of a fibrous material of vegetable origin.

Description

The invention relates to a support band for securing embankment ceilings against slipping, which can be erected upright on the inclined embankment surface before the embankment ceiling material is poured on, in particular an earth that allows planting, in particular with the formation of a grid covering the embankment surface.

It is known to provide natural and artificial embankments for attachment and for protection against erosion or for planting, which after a certain plant growth also leads to attachment and protection against erosion, with an embankment cover. For example, in the case of embankments alongside motorways and country roads, a planted embankment cover is provided on a large scale.

These embankment ceilings must be secured against slipping on the inclined embankment surface to which the granular embankment cover material has been applied, including the planted embankment ceilings, at least until the plants or their roots have the internal connection of the embankment ceiling in itself and the connection of the Ensure the embankment ceiling with the embankment surface, which prevents the embankment cover consisting of soil that allows planting from slipping, on the embankment surface. Particularly in the case of prolonged and / or heavy rainfall, there is a great risk that embankment material will be washed away and embankment slippage will occur.

For this Böschungsdeckenabru schsicherung _t has already developed support bands which consist of a plurality of mutually parallel individual strips of plastic or of such a single bands and another therearound wound single band of plastic and on the with the slope ceiling to be provided slope surface by means of pegs which in the slope surface are driven vertically substantially, placed upright to form a grid covering the slope surface, after which the slope cover material, suitable soil for a slope cover to be planted, is heaped onto the slope surface, distributed and leveled, so that the support band grid is obtained in the slope slope thus obtained is embedded and supports it on the sloping slope surface (DE-A 2 446 202, DE-U 7 529 025).

These known plastic support tapes are particularly undesirable for reasons of environmental protection, since they represent foreign bodies in the embankment ceiling and do not rot, which, moreover, also complicates any necessary dismantling, modification and renewal work on the embankment ceiling and the embankment. The individual tapes are neither permeable to air nor water, nor are they absorbable. The assembly of the support straps is still relatively labor intensive, despite certain simplifications.

The same applies to embankment anti-slip devices developed and known later, whereby old motor vehicle tires or ring-shaped moldings made of putrefaction-resistant material, in particular plastic, are embedded in the embankment cover, which are placed on the inclined surface of the embankment before the embankment cover material, in particular an earth that allows planting, is poured on and are attached to each other or to each other and by means of impact anchors on the slope surface (DE-U 7 532 957 and 7 639 784).

Slope support tapes of the type mentioned at the beginning and in the preamble of claim 1 are also known, in which the warp and weft threads of the fabric consist of non-rotting textile fibers and which are sewn, glued, welded, riveted or connected by means of clips made of rust-free metal or plastic to then spread out on the embankment surface as a mat with honeycomb-like cells filled with the embankment cover material. The textile fibers of the support tapes can be coated with plastic which, after the support tapes connected to one another at discrete locations have spread, is cured by the action of heat in order to obtain a rigid mat which is then laid. These support bands also do not rot and represent foreign bodies in the embankment ceiling in which they are embedded (BE-A-883 570).

In horticulture, it has long been known to embed a grid of upright cardboard strips, which are nested at the intersection and which may contain a fertilizer, when laying lawns in the soil to be sown. To support embankment ceilings, in particular the ceilings of embankments of greater incline and height, these cardboard strip grids are not suitable for reasons of skill and in view of their insufficient lifespan. They cannot withstand larger loads, especially when wet, and they decompose relatively quickly in the ground (US-A-1 905 176).

Also known are numerous erosion protection mats of different construction, which are placed on the soil to be protected in order to cover it. This includes an erosion protection mat consisting of an upper voluminous tangled fiber layer, in which granular solids can be deposited and retained, and a lower, thin filter layer, which allows water to pass through, but retains the deposited solid particles. The tangled fiber layer can consist of rolled or spiral-crimped coconut fibers that Filter layer made of a fabric. The two layers can be firmly connected to one another by sewing, gluing or needling (DE-A-2 321 362).

In practice, braided brushwood fences are almost always used to protect the slope slip protection, especially on slopes next to highways and country roads, which can reach a height of 20 to 25 m on a slope of 1: 1.5, as has always been the norm. However, brushwood is not always sufficiently available in all seasons and can only be stored in sufficient quantities with relatively great effort. Also, the transport to the place of use is somewhat complex, just as the weaving of the fences requires a relatively large amount of work and trained personnel and is expensive, which is also important for repairs that may become necessary later.

As a rule, the brushwood fences are set up in the form of a grid with square meshes, the two diagonals of which run parallel to the foot of the embankment or to the line of the embankment. The brushwood fences are made by driving wooden stakes vertically into the sloping slope surface to be covered along the grid lines at certain intervals, generally approximately 30 cm in length, and braiding the brushwood around them. A suitable soil is then heaped up, distributed and leveled as the embankment cover material so that it fills the mesh mesh formed by the braided brushwood fences and results in an approximately 20 cm high embankment cover which is then planted.

The invention has for its object to provide an embankment support band of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, which with simple and quick installation on the inclined embankment surface, high strength, for retaining the granular embankment cover of sufficient density and uniform and consistently high air and water permeability and also water absorption and storage capacity, which counteracts an inadmissibly high water absorption of the embankment cover causing the embankment cover to wash away even in the case of prolonged and / or heavy rainfall, without introducing environmentally damaging after-effects into the embankment cover and being able to rot therein.

This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Advantageous refinements of the support band according to the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

The support band according to the invention has proven itself extremely well in securing embankment ceilings against slipping. It is particularly preferred in road construction because its fabric made from coconut yarn not only has all the properties required for securing it, but also rotted into humus in the embankment ceiling in which the support band is embedded, and at a speed that is adapted to the needs so that the support band, on the one hand, reliably fulfills its safety function for a sufficiently long time, and on the other hand, subsequent dismantling, modification and renewal work on the embankment ceiling and on the embankment, for example in the case of a road widening with a corresponding embankment offset, does not hinder the removal of the old embankment or embankments next to the road to be widened.

• Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt einer Böschung neben einer Autobahn mit einer Böschungsdecke, welche mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Stützbandes gegen Abrutschen auf der schrägen Böschungsoberfläche gesichert ist;
• Fig. 2 die Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils 11 in Fig. 1; und
• Fig. 3 den Schnitt entlang der Linie 111-111 in Fig. 2 in größerem Maßstab.

An embodiment of the support tape according to the invention for securing embankment ceilings against slipping is described below with reference to drawings, for example. It shows schematically:

• Figure 1 shows a cross section of an embankment next to a highway with a slope ceiling, which is secured by means of a support band according to the invention against slipping on the inclined surface of the embankment.
• Figure 2 shows the view in the direction of arrow 11 in Fig. 1. and
• Fig. 3 shows the section along the line 111-111 in Fig. 2 on a larger scale.

1, an embankment 2 with an inclined embankment surface 3 is provided in addition to the carriageway 1 of a motorway. The slope 2 can have a height of 20 to 25 m between the slope foot at the level of the roadway and the slope crest 4, the slope surface 3 a slope of 1: 1.5. On the slope surface 3, a support band arrangement 5 is attached, which is embedded in a slope ceiling 6, which can have a height of approximately 20 cm and consists of a soil suitable for planting, which is poured onto the slope surface 3 after the support band arrangement 5 has been built up and is leveled. The embankment cover 6 covering the embankment surface 3, including the support band arrangement 5, is planted in order to secure the embankment 2 and to protect it from erosion as soon as the plants are large enough. At least up to this point in time, the support band arrangement 5 serves to secure the embankment cover 6 against slipping on the inclined embankment surface 3, in particular in the case of prolonged and / or heavy rainfall.

2, the support band arrangement 5 consists of a plurality of support bands 10 and pegs 11, which are hammered approximately vertically into the slope surface 3 and to which the support bands 10 are fastened. The support bands 10 form on the slope surface 3 a grid with square meshes, which can have a side length of about 3 m and the two diagonals parallel to the Embankment foot or to the slope fall line. A peg 11 is assigned to each mesh corner. Between the two corner pegs 11 on each side of the stitch, three further pegs 11 are provided, in a uniform distribution, so that the pegs 11 are arranged at intervals of about 75 cm.

The support straps 10 each run in a zigzag shape between the two sides of the slope (not shown), that is to say between the left and the right side of FIG. 2, extending upright along the slope surface 3 and adjacent support straps 10 adjoining one another Touch deflection points 12 so that water can pass from the upper support band 10 into the lower support band 10 and the grid formed by the support bands 10 represents a coherent system for draining water from the embankment cover 6 to the embankment foot. The support bands 10, which each have a width of about 20 cm in accordance with the height of the embankment 6 mentioned, lie on the pegs 11 on their sides facing the embankment crest 4, so that they are securely supported for absorbing the load from the embankment cover 6 and this load does not need to be transferred to the pegs 11 via the fastenings of the support bands 10 on the pegs 11.

As indicated in FIG. 1 and can be seen particularly clearly from FIG. 3, the support bands 10 each consist of a fabric 20 with warp threads 21 and weft threads 22, which has a plain weave, which conveys high strength and high stability, and which with leno strips 23 and 24 is provided, which further increase the strength and stability and ensure that the warp threads 21 cannot fray. In addition, the fabric 20 is reinforced by inserts 25, in particular those made of steel wire or rattan.

3, the warp threads 21 of the band-shaped fabric 20 with a width of about 20 cm are arranged in groups A, which extend at a distance from each other parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped fabric 20, so that correspondingly extending rows B of larger ones Breakthroughs 26 result.

To attach the support straps 10 consisting of the fabric 20 to the pegs 11, the fabric 20 is provided with loops 27, each of which is formed by a warp thread 21 and is suspended in an obliquely sloping transverse groove 28 of a peg 11 on its side facing away from the associated support tape 10 3, as shown.

The warp threads 21 and the weft threads 22 of the fabric 20 consist of yarn which is made from coconut fibers. Coconut fibers can also be needled onto the fabric 20 to form a pile-like coating, which is particularly beneficial for increased water absorption and storage capacity.

The setting or thread density of the fabric 20 is selected in accordance with the grain size distribution of the embankment cover material in order to ensure, on the one hand, that the granular embankment cover material is properly filled into the mesh of the support band arrangement 5 and that the conditions for the root growth of the planting of the embankment cover 6 are as favorable as possible and, on the other hand, to prevent that the embankment cover material passes through the fabric 20 when the embankment cover 6 has taken up a relatively large amount of water and is relatively thin.

The support straps 10 can be introduced into the embankment ceiling 6 without any environmentally harmful after-effects and remain therein in order to rot over time, and with high strength they have a very uniform and constantly high air and water permeability and a very high air and water absorption and storage capacity and can be very easily and quickly attached to the embankment 2 with the aid of the pegs 11, which are preferably made of wood, which also has the advantageous effect that only relatively few pegs 11 need to be driven in at relatively large intervals. The support band arrangement 5 can be repaired just as easily and quickly if the support bands 10 are damaged. Since the support bands 10 rot over time, the support band arrangement 5 cannot hinder subsequent dismantling, modification and renewal work on the embankment ceiling 6 and on the embankment 2.

The illustrated and described fabric 20 and the illustrated and described support band arrangement 5 can be modified in many ways. Thus, the fabric 20 need not necessarily have a needled pile of coconut fibers, it can be provided with a different weave, for example a twill weave, instead of the plain weave, the leno bars 23 and 24 may be missing, as well as the reinforcing inserts 25, and is also Group arrangement of the warp threads 21 of the fabric 20 is not always necessary. Likewise, the loops 27 of the fabric 20 for attaching the support tape to the pegs 11 do not necessarily have to be formed by the warp threads 21 of the fabric 20 and may even be entirely absent if a different support tape attachment is selected, such as for example the attachment or attachment of the support tapes 10 to the pegs 11. The width of the fabric 20 is not limited to that of about 20 cm.

The support band arrangement 5 can also be designed differently. For example, the support bands 10 can only be parallel to Embankment foot or only at an angle to the slope fall line or be arranged such that there is a grid with square meshes on the inclined slope surface 3, the sides of which run parallel to the embankment foot or the slope fall line. The grid meshes can also have a different shape instead of being square, for example rectangular or triangular. The pegs 11 do not necessarily have to be made of wood, but it is also conceivable to use steel or plastic pegs 11, just as the transverse grooves 28 of the pegs 11 are designed differently or can be replaced by other holders for the support bands 10, such as hooks .

Claims (11)

1. Supporting strip comprising a fabric (20) with warp and weft threads (21 and 22) of textile fibres for securing coverings (6) of banks against slippage, which is capable of being applied on edge to the inclined surface (3) of the bank before the application of the bank covering material, in particular an earthy material allowing planting, especially in such a way as to form a grid overlying the surface (3) of the bank, characterised in that the warp and weft threads (21 and 22) of the fabric (20) are made of coconut fibre and the fabric (20) is secured to stakes (11) which are driven into the surface (3) of the bank.

2. Supporting strip according to claim 1 characterised in that coconut fibres are needled onto the fabric (20).

3. Supporting strip according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the fabric (20) is plain woven.

4. Supporting strip according to claim 1, 2 or 3 characterised in that the fabric (20) is provided with leno woven selvedges (23, 24).

5. Supporting strip according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 characterised in that the fabric (20) is reinforced by inserts (25).

6. Supporting strip according to claim 5 characterised in that the inserts (25) are made of steel wire or rattan cane.

7. Supporting strip according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the warp threads (21) of the fabric (20) are arranged in groups (A) which are spaced apart from one another.

8. Supporting strip according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the fabric (20) is provided with loops (27) for attaching the supporting strip to the stakes (11).

9. Supporting strip according to claim 8 characterised in that the loops (27) are each formed from a warp thread (21) of the fabric (20).

10. Supporting strip according to claim 8 or 9 characterised in that the loops (27) are each capable of being hung in a hook or a transverse groove (28) of a stake (11).

11. Supporting strip according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the fabric (20) has a width of about 20 cms.

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