EP0231422B1 - Mikrowellen-Sende/Empfangsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Mikrowellen-Sende/Empfangsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0231422B1
EP0231422B1 EP86104638A EP86104638A EP0231422B1 EP 0231422 B1 EP0231422 B1 EP 0231422B1 EP 86104638 A EP86104638 A EP 86104638A EP 86104638 A EP86104638 A EP 86104638A EP 0231422 B1 EP0231422 B1 EP 0231422B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmit
receive
housing
multiplexer
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86104638A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0231422A2 (de
EP0231422A3 (en
EP0231422B2 (de
Inventor
Masao C/O Nec Corporation Momose
Kazuo C/O Nec Corporation Kosukegawa
Noriyuki C/O Nec Corporation Asari
Hirohisa C/O Nec Corporation Ozawa
Yuhei C/O Nec Corporation Kosugi
Osamu C/O Nec Corporation Yamamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
NEC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by NEC Corp filed Critical NEC Corp
Publication of EP0231422A2 publication Critical patent/EP0231422A2/de
Publication of EP0231422A3 publication Critical patent/EP0231422A3/en
Publication of EP0231422B1 publication Critical patent/EP0231422B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0231422B2 publication Critical patent/EP0231422B2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/125—Means for positioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/247—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set with frequency mixer, e.g. for direct satellite reception or Doppler radar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave transmitter/receiver apparatus for use in conjunction with a reflector antenna and applicable to terrestrial communication, satellite communication and others.
  • a communication apparatus In a microwave communication system whose capacity is relatively small, a communication apparatus is usually made up of an antenna, a primary radiator, a transmit/receive multiplexer, a transmitter, a receiver, and other units.
  • the transmitter and the receiver which are discrete units, are connected to the transmit/receive multiplexer by a waveguide.
  • the multiplexer in turn is connected to the primary radiator, or horn, by a feeder waveguide.
  • the transmitter and the receiver are sometimes accommodated in a single housing.
  • the prerequisite is that the polarization plane of a polarized wave be aligned with that of the horn in order to increase the signal-to-noise (SN) ratio of transmit and receive signals.
  • One of the approaches for fulfilling this requirement known in the art is designing all of the horn, transmit/receive multiplexer, transmitter, receiver and feeder waveguide rotatable. The problem with this approach is that, as discussed later in detail, a polarization adjusting mechanism becomes complicated and expensive and, since the loss of the feeder waveguide is increased, the transmit output has to be made greater increasing both the power consumption and the dimensions of the apparatus.
  • Another prior art approach is inserting a polarizer between the transmit/receive multiplexer and the horn.
  • the polarizer scheme adds to the cost due to the use of a polarizer and brings about feed loss due to the use of the feeder waveguide, the latter inviting the same disadvantages as discussed in relation to the first-mentioned approach.
  • both of the prior art approaches interconnect the circuits using a feeder waveguide, they cannot be implemented without increasing the overall apparatus scale and furnishing each junction with an air- and liquid-tight structure. Such results in prohibitively long assembling and adjusting time.
  • DE-U-85 20 603 describes a microwave transmitter/receiver apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a prior art transmitter and receiver of the kind to which the present invention pertains includes a transmitter 10 and a receiver 11. As shown, the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are situated at the back of a parabolic reflector 2A in order not to block receive and transmit waves.
  • the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are connected to a transmit/receive multiplexer 14 by elongate feeder waveguides 12 and 13, respectively, and further to a primary radiator, or horn, 15.
  • Antenna-mount structural elements 16, 17, 18 and 19 serve to support the transmitter 10 and receiver 11 as illustrated.
  • the polarization plane of a polarized wave cannot be aligned with the angle of polarization of the horn 15 unless all of the transmitter 10, receiver, 11, waveguides 12 and 13, multiplexer 14 and horn 15 are rotated about the wave radiation axis over an adequate angle. This gives rise to a problem that a complicated and expensive polarization adjusting mechanism is required, in addition to the critical problem that waveguide loss is significant.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown another prior art transmitter/receiver which uses an offset type parabolic reflector 2B.
  • An outstanding feature of this type of transmitter/receiver is that it can be situated in the vicinity of a primary radiator 15 to reduce feeder loss to a significant degree.
  • designated by the reference numeral 21 is a transmit filter, 22 a receive filter, 12 a transmit feeder, 13 a receive feeder, 14 a transmit/receive multiplexer, and 15 the primary radiator, all of which are interconnected as illustrated.
  • Support members 23 are adapted to mount the transmitter/receiver 10' thereon and, to fulfill this role, provided with substantial mechanical strength. The support members 23 also serve to support the primary reflector, or horn, 15.
  • a polarizer 20 is and has to be inserted between the multiplexer 14 and the horn 15 so that the plane of polarization may be rotatable.
  • This type of construction is expensive due to the complicated structure, the considerable dimensions and weight, and the need for a polarizer.
  • the antenna mount structure 24, 25 and 26 which are stiff and heavy add to the overall weight and cost of the transmitter/receiver.
  • any of the prior art transmitter/receiver with an antenna is intricate in construction and expensive and needs time-consuming assembly and adjustment in the event of installation.
  • the construction of Fig. 1, which uses long feeders, suffers from a serious drawback that the substantial feed loss further increases the required transmitter output and aggravates receiver noise.
  • a transmitter/receiver apparatus embodying the present invention is shown in an exploded perspective view to best show its characteristic features.
  • the apparatus includes a housing 100 in which a transmit/receive multiplexer, a transmit filter, a receive filter, a transmit circuit, a receive circuit and others are installed.
  • Covers 101 are fastened to the housing 100 by screws 116 to cover, respectively, the top and the bottom of the housing 100.
  • O-rings 115 are received each in a groove 114 which is formed in the housing 100 as illustrated.
  • the housing 100 is provided at opposite sides thereof with portions which serve as shafts for rotatably supporting the apparatus, i.e., a front shaft portion 105 and a rear shaft portion 106.
  • the front shaft portion 105 bifunctions as a horn mounting flange.
  • the rear shaft portions 106 has a connector thereinside which dictates input to and output from the apparatus.
  • a front shaft support member 102 and a rear shaft support member 103 each being made of metal are rotatably coupled over the shaft portions 105 and 106, respectively.
  • the rear shaft support member 103 also serves as a mechanism for clamping the rear shaft portion 106 and, thereby, preventing the apparatus from rotating.
  • a primary radiator, or horn, 104 is mounted on the flange 105.
  • the reference numeral 107 designates microwave circuit modules which constitute a transmit circuit, a receive circuit and others and are suitably separated on a function basis. Such circuit modules are produced by hybrid IC technology or monolithic IC technology. Any of these technology is effective to significantly cut down the dimensions of the transmit and receive circuits.
  • Designated by the reference numeral 108 is another circuit in which a local oscillator, an intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier and others are built in.
  • IF intermediate frequency
  • FIGs. 4A and 4B show an exemplary manner of use of the apparatus of the present invention, generally designated by the reference numeral 1. Also shown in Figs. 4A and 4B are a primary reflector 2 of an antenna, support members 3 for supporting the apparatus 1, a framework 4 for mounting the whole antenna with the apparatus 1, a mechanism 5 for adjusting the elevation of the antenna, and an antenna support post 6.
  • the illustrative configuration constitutes an offset parabolic antenna. To align the antenna pointing to a direction of wave arrival, the azimuth is adjusted by the post 6 and the elevation by the elevation adjusting mechanism 5.
  • the plane of polarization of the horn 104 can be matched to that of the wave merely by rotating the whole apparatus 1 which carries the horn 104 integrally therewith. After the horn 104 has reached an adequate angular position, the previously stated clamp mechanism is operated to fix the whole apparatus in place. This completes the adjustment.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that a horn, a transmit/receive multiplexer, a transmit and a receive circuits and others are provided in an integral and, therefore, small-size configuration, and in that the whole apparatus is rotatably supported.
  • This remarkably simplifies the entire apparatus structure inclusive of an antenna.
  • the miniature construction makes it needless to use massive and heavy members for the members 3 which serve to support the apparatus in a predetermined positional relationship to the antenna. It also eliminates the need for a polarizer which is an expensive functional part otherwise required for a polarization matching purpose. Weather protection may be considerably enhanced by integrating the horn and the multiplexer and integrating components other than the horn with the apparatus.
  • the decrease in the feeder loss is reflected by a remarkable decrease in the receiver noise which in turn leads to a small-size antenna.
  • Figs. 5A - 5C show characteristic features of the external appearance of the apparatus. Specifically, Fig. 5A is a side elevation, Fig. 5B a front view as seen from the horn side, and Fig. 5C a rear view.
  • the housing 100 and the cover 101 are each formed with fins 117 which function mainly to radiate heat generated by the transmit amplifier and, thereby, suppress temperature elevation of the apparatus.
  • the horn 104 is mounted to the flange portion 105 inwardly of the shaft portion for the housing 100.
  • the shaft portion 106 is also provided on the back of the housing 100.
  • a single connector 109 is provided inwardly of the shaft portion 106. This is because, in this particular embodiment, both the transmit and receive IF signals are accommodated by a single coaxial cable and because the power source feeder for the apparatus, too, is implemented by that cable.
  • the fins 117 on the housing 100 and cover 101 are distributed over the entire periphery of the apparatus so that the heat radiation ability is not affected even if the apparatus is rotated together with the horn 104.
  • graduations 110 indicative of angles are provided between the rear shaft 106 and the rear metal support, or bearing 103 in order to facilitate adjustment of the polarization angle. Specifically, after the inclination of the whole antenna has been checked, the polarization angle can be readily adjusted with the aid of the graduations 110.
  • the transmit/receive multiplexer 50 is implemented by an orthogonal mode transducer which uses a waveguide having a rectangular cross-section.
  • a transmit filter 51 and a receive filter 51' each having a waveguide structure are provided integrally with the multiplexer 50.
  • the transmit side includes a detector 52 adapted to detect levels of transmit signals, a power amplifier 53, a filter 55 for selecting only transmit RF signals, and a transmit mixer, or transmit frequency converter, 56.
  • the receive side includes a low noise amplifier 54, a receive signal selection filter 57, and a receive mixer, or receive frequency converter, 58.
  • the elements described so far constitute a transmit and receive RF circuit in combination.
  • the power amplifier 53, low noise amplifier 54, transmit and receive mixers 56 and 58 and others are constructed by hybrid IC technology, while the others are implemented with waveguide circuit technology.
  • An output of a local oscillator 62 is routed via a splitter 61 to each of the transmit mixer 56 and the receive mixer 58.
  • the IF circuit includes IF filters 59 and 60 which respectively are associated with the mixers 56 and 58, a transmit IF amplifier 63, and a variable attenuator 64.
  • the variable attenuator 64 is adapted to control the transmit power to a predetermined value in combination with the previously mentioned detector 52 and under the control of a control circuit 71.
  • Designated by the reference numeral 65 is a receive IF amplifier.
  • a control circuit 69 functions to monitor transmit and receive levels, output power of the local oscillator 62 and others and deliver alarm signals to the outside when any of them becomes unusual.
  • a voltage regulator 70 is adapted to maintain voltage applied to the various sections of the circuit constant.
  • the circuitry includes three multiplexers: a multiplexer (MPX3) 68 for separating an alarm signal ALM and a DC current DC from each other, a multiplexer (MPX2) 67 for separating the receive IF signal and the alarm signal including DC and a multiplexer (MPX1) 66 for separating receive IF signal, the transmit IF signal and the alarm signal including DC.
  • MPX3 multiplexer
  • MPX2 multiplexer
  • MPX1 multiplexer
  • the overall dimensions of a apparatus are chiefly determined by two factors, i.e., a heat radiation structure necessary for effectively radiating heat and a size of an RF circuit.
  • the apparatus of the present invention uses the following structure. Approximately 70% of heat generated by the apparatus is attributable to the transmit power amplifier 53 (Fig. 6).
  • the power amplifier 53 is implemented by six to eight consecutive stages of transistor amplification circuits and configured as several discrete modules 107 (Fig. 3 or 7). As shown in Fig. 8, the modules are rigidly mounted on heat sink members 112, 113, 116, 118 of the apparatus housing 100. Heat transferred to the heat sink 118 is propagated to the housing 100 and cover 101 and, thereby, directly released to the outside via the fins 117 by conduction, while being partly released by radiation to adjacent spaces.
  • FIG. 9 is a section along a plane which is perpendicular to the wave radiation axis of the apparatus, and shows a section along line B - B of Fig. 7.
  • the heat reaching the heat sink 118 is directly propagated to the fins 117 on the outer periphery of the housing 100 and those on the cover 101. In this manner, the heat radiation structure effectively utilizes the combination of direct conduction and fins, thereby reducing the overall dimensions of the transceiver.
  • Fig. 7 shows the apparatus of the present invention in a section taken along a plane which contains the wave radiation axis (Fig. 5A, 119) and parallel to the heat sink member 116 or 118 (Fig. 8), on which the circuit modules are mounted.
  • Fig. 8 is a section along line A-A of Fig. 7.
  • the RF circuit is made up of a waveguide circuit 111 and the modules 107.
  • the waveguide circuit 111 is formed by a combination of the members 112 and 113.
  • the modules 107 are implemented with hybrid IC technology.
  • the waveguide circuit 111 comprises the transmit/receive multiplexer 50, and the transmit filter 51 and receive filter 51' of Fig.
  • the members 113, 116 and 118 constitute the central partition plate of the housing 100.
  • the central partition plate may be formed as an RF circuit plate independently of the housing 100.
  • a microwave transmitter/receiver apparatus of the present invention achieves various advantages as enumerated below.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Mikrowellen-Sende-Empfangsvorrichtung mit:
einem Primärreflektor (2);
einem Gehäuse (100);
einem Primärradiator (104), der am vorderen Endabschnitt des Gehäuses angeordnet ist;
einem Sende/Empfangsmultiplexer (50), der mit dem Primärradiator verbunden ist, um ein Sendesignal und ein Empfangssignal zu multiplexen;
einem Sendefilter (51) und einem Empfangsfilter (51'), die mit einem Sendeeingang bzw. einem Empfangseingang des Sende/Empfangsmultiplexers verbunden sind;
einer Sendeeinrichtung (53, 55, 56), die mit dem Sendefilter verbunden ist, um durch Empfang eines Sendezwischenfrequenz (IF)-Signals das Sendesignal auszugeben;
einer Empfangseinrichtung (54, 57, 58), die mit dem Empfangsfilter verbunden ist, um durch Empfangen des Empfangssignals ein Empfangs-IF-Signal auszugeben;

wobei der Sende/Empfangsmultiplexer, die Sende- und die Empfangsfilter, die Sendeeinrichtung und die Empfangseinrichtung in dem Gehäuse angeordnet sind;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung ferner eine Halteeinrichtung (102, 103) zum Haltern des Gehäuses (100) und des Primärradiators (104) aufweist, so daß das Gehäuse (100) und der Primärradiator (104) um die Achse des Primärradiators (104) relativ zum Primärreflektor (2) drehbar sind.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Halteeinrichtung (102, 103) eine Einrichtung (103) zum Verriegeln des Gehäuses (100) in einer Winkelposition aufweist.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Multiplexer (50) und die Sende- und Empfangsfilter (51 bzw. 51') in dem Gehäuse (100) einen Wellenleiter-Schaltkreis aufweisen.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei zur Wärmeabstrahlung mehrere Rippen (117) in im wesentlichen gleichförmiger Verteilung auf einem Außenumfang des Gehäuses angeordnet sind.
EP86104638A 1986-01-31 1986-04-04 Mikrowellen-Sende/Empfangsvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0231422B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20681/86 1986-01-31
JP61020681A JPH0779275B2 (ja) 1986-01-31 1986-01-31 マイクロ波帯送受信装置

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0231422A2 EP0231422A2 (de) 1987-08-12
EP0231422A3 EP0231422A3 (en) 1987-11-25
EP0231422B1 true EP0231422B1 (de) 1992-08-05
EP0231422B2 EP0231422B2 (de) 1996-09-04

Family

ID=12033917

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86104638A Expired - Lifetime EP0231422B2 (de) 1986-01-31 1986-04-04 Mikrowellen-Sende/Empfangsvorrichtung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0231422B2 (de)
JP (1) JPH0779275B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3686326T3 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9083439B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2015-07-14 The Boeing Company Direct current signal transmission system

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3619220A1 (de) * 1986-06-07 1988-02-18 Kolbe & Co Hans Konvertersystem
JPS6390308U (de) * 1986-11-29 1988-06-11
JPH01202032A (ja) * 1988-02-08 1989-08-15 Hitachi Ltd 送受信機
US5448254A (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-09-05 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Mechanism for mounting a receiving/transmitting horn in a satellite dish
DE19505860A1 (de) * 1995-02-21 1996-08-22 Philips Patentverwaltung Konverter
JP3961744B2 (ja) 2000-06-21 2007-08-22 株式会社東芝 マイクロ波モジュール
US7050765B2 (en) * 2003-01-08 2006-05-23 Xytrans, Inc. Highly integrated microwave outdoor unit (ODU)
US9800323B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2017-10-24 Mission Microwave Technologies, Inc. Satellite transmitter system

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1507147A (en) * 1974-09-25 1978-04-12 Marconi Co Ltd Multiplexing arrangements
JPS6017924Y2 (ja) * 1978-08-10 1985-05-31 日本電気株式会社 アンテナ回転装置
JPS6121850Y2 (de) * 1979-04-11 1986-07-01
JPS5676642A (en) * 1979-11-29 1981-06-24 Fujitsu Ltd Offset parabola antenna
JPS6216040Y2 (de) * 1980-11-28 1987-04-23
FR2502405A1 (fr) * 1981-03-18 1982-09-24 Portenseigne Systeme de reception de signaux hyperfrequences a polarisations orthogonales
JPS59221005A (ja) * 1983-05-30 1984-12-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp オフセツトパラボラアンテナ
US4565346A (en) * 1983-09-06 1986-01-21 Edwards Ivan J Adjustable bracket mount
JPH0612846B2 (ja) * 1984-05-26 1994-02-16 富士通株式会社 アンテナ装置
JPS61140610U (de) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-30
DE8520604U1 (de) * 1985-07-17 1985-11-07 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Richtfunkgerät mit Peilvorrichtung
DE8520603U1 (de) * 1985-07-17 1985-10-03 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Richtfunkgerät

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9083439B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2015-07-14 The Boeing Company Direct current signal transmission system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS62179228A (ja) 1987-08-06
EP0231422A2 (de) 1987-08-12
EP0231422A3 (en) 1987-11-25
DE3686326T2 (de) 1993-01-07
DE3686326D1 (de) 1992-09-10
JPH0779275B2 (ja) 1995-08-23
DE3686326T3 (de) 1997-04-10
EP0231422B2 (de) 1996-09-04

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