EP0218354B1 - High pressure water shot peening - Google Patents

High pressure water shot peening Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0218354B1
EP0218354B1 EP86306633A EP86306633A EP0218354B1 EP 0218354 B1 EP0218354 B1 EP 0218354B1 EP 86306633 A EP86306633 A EP 86306633A EP 86306633 A EP86306633 A EP 86306633A EP 0218354 B1 EP0218354 B1 EP 0218354B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
liquid
jet
axial
orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86306633A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0218354A1 (en
Inventor
Paolo Roldolfo Zafred
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Publication of EP0218354A1 publication Critical patent/EP0218354A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0218354B1 publication Critical patent/EP0218354B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/04—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements driven by the liquid or other fluent material discharged, e.g. the liquid actuating a motor before passing to the outlet
    • B05B3/06—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements driven by the liquid or other fluent material discharged, e.g. the liquid actuating a motor before passing to the outlet by jet reaction, i.e. creating a spinning torque due to a tangential component of the jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B3/026—Cleaning by making use of hand-held spray guns; Fluid preparations therefor
    • B08B3/028—Spray guns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2230/00—Other cleaning aspects applicable to all B08B range
    • B08B2230/01—Cleaning with steam

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for treating the surface of a metallic material with a fluid jet, and, more particularly, for inducing a compressive stress in the surface of a metallic material with a supersonic liquid jet, in order to bring about stress-relieving in the metallic material.
  • In-situ annealing of steam generator tubes is not a very practical method of removing the residual stresses.
  • Methods developed to decrease the susceptibility of the tube wall to stress corrosion cracking by reducing the level of residual tensile stresses on the inner surface of the tubes include kiss rolling, roto peening, and shot peening.
  • Each method has limitations and drawbacks as hereinafter discussed in detail, noting that the nuclear steam generator in question has a tubesheet and a channel head.
  • the kiss rolling process consists of subjecting the tube to a controlled diametrical deformation using a tool with rotating rollers. This method requires precise tool positioning, is difficult to implement, and requires controlled torque values to achieve the required 0.3 to 0.5% diametrical deformation. In addition, the process is not efficient beyond the tubesheet of the steam generator.
  • the roto peening process requires special flap assemblies. This method also requires high rotational speeds (on the order of 3000 to 3500 rpms), frequent flap replacement, subsequent cleaning by swabs dipped in methanol, and does not provide full coverage of the tubesheet area due to limitations in access imposed by the curvature of the channel head work envelope. Furthermore, the process is very slow, rendering it impractical for large industrial peening applications such as the approximately 6000 tubes in each nuclear steam generator. An additional drawback with respect to the use of this method in nuclear steam generators is the production of airborne radioactive contamination.
  • the shot peening process has been utilized for many years for stress-relieving by inducing compressive stresses in the surfaces of metals.
  • the control of the process is somewhat delicate since excessive peening can produce detrimental tensile stresses in the outer skin of the tube.
  • the "glass" shots which are known to be used primarily for peening non-ferrous materials, may contaminate the surface of the tube material. Shot peening of nuclear steam generators, like roto peening, produces airborne radioactive contamination. German Publication DE-A 2111445 appears to teach directing jets of water to cause abrasive blasting.
  • Swiss Patent CH-A 275353 teaches apparatus for treating the inner surface of a tubular member by using a spray head having rotating orifices.
  • the invention consists in apparatus and method of stress-relieving by peening a surface of a metallic members, the method characterized by the steps of: generating jet means comprising liquid moving out of a nozzle at a predetermined supersonic velocity and about (35, 000 psi) 241325 kPa; causing change of flow of direction of said liquid within said nozzle from radial to axial before generating said jet means to form said jet means in such manner as to eliminate any resultant axial thrust on said nozzle; impacting said supersonic liquid jet means against said surface to be processed; causing said jet means to rotate by reaction forces; and continuing to impact said supersonic liquid jet means against said surface being processed for a predetermined dwell time to effect the stress-relieving thereof.
  • a preferred embodiment described herein provides a method of processing a surface of a metallic material by directing a coherent, high velocity, supersonic liquid jet through a nozzle into contact with the surface of the metallic material to be processed.
  • the supersonic liquid jet is directed into contact with the surface with a high impact energy for increasing the local micro- hardness of the material.
  • the liquid jet is preferably directed into contact with the surface at a velocity in the range of (2200 to 2800 feet) 671 meters to 854 meters per second for a dwell time in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 seconds, which is controlled by the feed rate of the nozzle.
  • the invention is useful for processing any metallic surface.
  • the invention will be described in a preferred embodiment constructed for use in stress relieving, decontaminating, and cleaning tubular heat exchanger tubes, particularly those found in a nuclear steam generator.
  • the preferred embodiment of high pressure water shot peening apparatus 10 has a generally elongated nozzle means, which may include a nozzlehead 12 non-rotatably and fluidly connected to a rotating nozzle part 14.
  • the fluid connection between nozzle head 12 and rotating nozzle part 14 may be sealed by a sealing means, such as aluminum bronze lens closure 16.
  • Nozzle head 12 and rotating nozzle part 14 are fluidly connected to a non-rotating intermediate connector means, such as non-rotating connector part 18 and connector 19.
  • the fluid connection between rotating nozzle part 14 and non-rotating connector part 18 may be sealed through two pair of spring actuated sealing devices 20, which may be manufactured from "Teflon" (Trademark) material, and two sets of polyurethane backup rings 22.
  • the fluid connection between non-rotating connector part 18 and connector 19 may be sealed by aluminum bronze lens closure 24.
  • High pressure pump means such as high pressure pump 26 depicted in Figure 4 and described in detail hereinafter, may be fluidly linked to connector 19 through high pressure flexible hose 28 and coupling 30.
  • orifice means Disposed within nozzle head 12 are orifice means, such as replaceable orifices 32 depicted in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the preferred orifices are manufactured from sapphire with a diameter between 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm (0.006 and 0.020 inches) and are available from Flow Industries, Kent, Washington. The best results are achieved with an orifice with a diameter between 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm (0.008 and 0.012 inches).
  • the preferred embodiment includes three orifices disposed within nozzle head 12 and offset at an acute angle with respect to the axis of nozzle head 12.
  • This offset angle A which is preferably 45 ° for conditioning the inner surface of steam generator tubes, provides for the optimum impact angle of the fluid jet issuing from the orifices 32 to strike the tube surface.
  • a secondary purpose for angling of the orifices is for forcing nozzle head 12 and rotating nozzle part 14 into engagement with non-rotating connector part 18 so that no rigid attachment means between rotating nozzle part 14 and non-rotating connector part 18 is required.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the orientation of orifices 32 with respect to a radial plane of nozzle head 12.
  • Each orifice is oriented at an offset with respect to a radial plane through nozzle head 12. This orientation causes nozzle head 12 and rotating nozzle part 14 to rotate with respect to non-rotating connector part 18 when fluid is supplied through orifices 32.
  • non-rotating connector part 18 In order to avoid axial forces on nozzle head 12 and rotating nozzle part 14 which would tend to dislodge nozzle part 14 from non-rotating connector part 18, a fluid path is provided through non-rotating connector part 18 which results in the fluid entering rotating nozzle part 14 in a radial direction, as observable in Figure 1.
  • Fluid supplied from high pressure pump 26, shown in Figure 4 flows through coupling 30, through connector 19, and into connector part 18.
  • the fluid travels through annular groove means, such as axially inclined groove 34 and into radial groove means, such as radial groove 36.
  • the fluid then flows out of non-rotating connector part 18 and into radial duct means in rotating nozzle part 14, such as radial ducts 38.
  • the fluid thereafter traverses rotating nozzle part 14 through central axial bore means, such as central axial bore 39, which communicates fluidly with orifices 32.
  • Rotation of rotating nozzle part 14 within non-rotating connector part 18 requires sealing devices 20 and backup rings 22 to act as bearings as well a seals therebetween.
  • Figure 4 depicts a system for processing the inner.surfaces of the tubular members comprising a nuclear steam generator. This preferred embodiment could also be used to process other tubular members.
  • the high pressure water shot peening apparatus 10 is inserted into the steam generator channel head 43 through an aperture, such as man- way 44.
  • Apparatus 10 is supported by a supporting means, such as support arm 46, which is suspended from tubesheet 48.
  • Support arm 46 may include apparatus holder 50, which is movable along the axis of arm 46, and may be configured so that it can rotate around a pivot 52 along its axis of attachment so that apparatus 10 may be inserted into any of the tubes 54 in the steam generator tubesheet 48. While a typical nuclear steam generator contains several thousand tubes, only five of these tubes 54 are shown in Figure 4.
  • an axial nozzle moving means such as belt-driven axial nozzle moving mechanism 56
  • high pressure pump 26 In order to induce a compressive stress in the inner surface of tubes 54 with the apparatus hereinbefore described, high pressure pump 26 must be capable of supplying liquid at a pressure of at least 20.6850 kPa (30,000 psi) with a preferred pressure of at least 24.1325 kPa (35,000 psi). Pumps of this type are manufactured by Flow Industries, Kent, Washington. High pressure pump 26 of the preferred embodiment is driven by a 55 kW (75 hp) electric motor rated at 240/460 VAC.
  • high pressure pump 26 is fluidly connected to nozzle means at coupling 30 through flexible high pressure hose 28.
  • High pressure hose take-up reel 58 may be employed to simplify handling.
  • Suction pump 60 and its associated hardware may be used to remove waste water and debris.
  • the above-described apparatus comprises a self rotating high pressure water shot peening apparatus for processing the inner surface of steam generator tubes by impacting the surface with a supersonic liquid jet means at a predetermined velocity.
  • the method of the invention applies with equal force to processing of a surface of any metallic member.
  • a liquid preferably water
  • the pressurized liquid is delivered through flexible high pressure hose 28 to the nozzle means at coupling 30.
  • the high pressure liquid flows through coupling 30, through connector 19, and into non-rotating connector part 18.
  • the high pressure liquid is directed through axially inclined groove 34 into radial groove 36. From radial groove 36, the pressurized liquid passes into radial duct 38 in rotating nozzle part 14 of the nozzle means.
  • the liquid flows from radial duct 38 through central axial bore 39 into nozzle head 12 and into fluid communication with orifices 32.
  • the high pressure liquid is discharged through orifices 32 in a direction offset with respect to the radius of nozzle head 12, as depicted in Figure 2.
  • the effect of this high pressure liquid discharge at an angle with respect to the radius is the creation of a rotational force in nozzle head 12 and rotating nozzle part 14. This rotational force causes nozzle head 12 and rotating nozzle part 14 to rotate with respect to non-rotating connector part 18.
  • Orifices 32 are offset at an acute angle with respect to the axis of nozzle head 12 for directing the liquid jet issuing therefrom into contact with the tube surface at the optimum impact angle.
  • discharging of high pressure liquid through orifices 32 at an acute angle with respect to the axis of nozzle head 12 causes an axial force on nozzle head 12 and rotating nozzle part 14, enabling rotating nozzle part 14 to remain in engagement with non-rotating connector part 18 without axial connecting means for resisting uncoupling by fluid pressure.
  • the high pressure liquid discharge through orifices 32 is impacted against the inner surface of tube 54 at a predetermined supersonic velocity.
  • the preferred supersonic velocity at which the pressurized liquid impacts the interior surface of tube 54 is in the range of 2200 to 2800 feet per second (671 to 854 meters per second).
  • the preferred impact velocity for stress relieving of tubes of different compositions varies with the material. Also, tube cleaning, decontaminating, and other processing may generally be performed with lower impact velocities.
  • the supersonic liquid jet In order to achieve the required stress on the metallic surface, the supersonic liquid jet must be impacted against the surface for a predetermined minimum time which is referred to as the dwell time.
  • the preferred dwell time is in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 seconds. This dwell time is dependent upon the tube material and is controlled by the feed rate of the apparatus through the tube. This feed rate is achieved through proper control of axial nozzle moving means, such as axial nozzle moving mechanism 56 for the preferred method of stress relieving steam generator tubes.
  • Axial nozzle moving mechanism 56 translates apparatus 10 axially into steam generator tubes 54 at a predetermined feed rate.
  • the preferred axial feed rate for steam generator stress relieving has been determined to be in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 inches per minute (0.025 to 0.050 meters per minute). Stated alternatively, the preferred feed rate is in the range of 0.003 to 0.006 ipr (inches per revolution of the nozzle head 12), which is 7.6 x 10- 5 to 15.2 x 10-5 meters per revolution.
  • the supersonic liquid jet produced by the high pressure pump and directed against the metallic surfaces through orifices can be used to dislodge and remove the radioactive oxide layer from the surface of metallic materials, such as steam generator tubes. While the predetermined supersonic velocity and feed rate for inducing compressive stress in the metallic surface would be effective in removing the radioactive oxide layer, higher or lower impact velocities and feed rates could be equally effective for decontamination. Removal of this oxide layer by the self rotating tube processing apparatus hereinbefore described is effective for tube cleaning and decontamination purposes.
  • the same pump and orifices could be used for cleaning, decontaminating, or inducing a compressive stress in the surface of non-tubular metallic members.
  • the nozzle means would have to be changed so that the liquid jets would strike the surface with sufficient force and for a minimum period of time to achieve the desired processing.
  • the use of a high pressure liquid jet for processing a metallic surface is equally applicable to metallic surfaces of any configuration.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
EP86306633A 1985-09-09 1986-08-28 High pressure water shot peening Expired EP0218354B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US77413085A 1985-09-09 1985-09-09
US774130 1985-09-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0218354A1 EP0218354A1 (en) 1987-04-15
EP0218354B1 true EP0218354B1 (en) 1990-11-07

Family

ID=25100324

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86306633A Expired EP0218354B1 (en) 1985-09-09 1986-08-28 High pressure water shot peening

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0218354B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS6263614A (ja)
ES (1) ES2001668A6 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103419137A (zh) * 2012-05-25 2013-12-04 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种轧辊表面强化与粗糙度控制方法

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2655887B1 (fr) * 1989-12-20 1992-03-06 Sochata Snecma Procede d'enlevement d'un revetement sur pieces par projection d'un jet d'eau sous haute tension.
JP2841963B2 (ja) * 1991-09-20 1998-12-24 株式会社日立製作所 原子炉構造物の残留応力改善方法及びその残留応力改善装置
JP2774008B2 (ja) * 1992-01-24 1998-07-09 株式会社日立製作所 原子炉構造物の残留応力改善方法及びその残留応力改善装置
JP2826016B2 (ja) * 1992-08-24 1998-11-18 バブコック日立株式会社 水中構造物に対するウオータージエツトピーニング法
US5553106A (en) * 1994-06-15 1996-09-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Residual stress improving method for members in reactor pressure vessel
JP3127081B2 (ja) * 1994-06-22 2001-01-22 株式会社日立製作所 中性子照射を受けた材料の溶接方法
US6099391A (en) * 1996-03-18 2000-08-08 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for highly strengthening metal member
DE19634636C1 (de) * 1996-08-27 1998-04-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Aufrauhung der Oberfläche von Bauteilen von Elektronenröhren
TW373183B (en) 1997-02-24 1999-11-01 Hitachi Ltd Preventive maintenance apparatus for structural members in a nuclear pressure vessel
EP0960950A1 (en) * 1998-05-27 1999-12-01 Waterjet Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for ultrahigh pressure water jet peening
US6639962B2 (en) 1998-08-12 2003-10-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Preventive maintenance method and apparatus of a structural member in a reactor pressure vessel
JP3583031B2 (ja) * 1998-08-12 2004-10-27 株式会社日立製作所 原子炉圧力容器の内部構造部材のウォータージェットピーニング方法及びウォータージェットピーニング装置
JP2000263337A (ja) * 1999-01-13 2000-09-26 Japan Science & Technology Corp 金属部品等の表面改質および洗浄方法およびその装置
JP3973606B2 (ja) * 2003-07-04 2007-09-12 本田技研工業株式会社 無段変速機用ベルト
CN108266717B (zh) * 2016-12-30 2023-11-24 核动力运行研究所 一种用于卧式蒸汽发生器集流管排污穴室的冲洗系统
CN108626500B (zh) * 2017-08-09 2020-07-21 克拉玛依市科能防腐技术有限责任公司 旋转密封导流装置
NL2019915B1 (en) * 2017-11-15 2019-05-22 P Bekkers Holding B V High pressure nozzle
CN108998654B (zh) * 2018-08-23 2019-09-17 广东长盈精密技术有限公司 去应力装置
JP7107327B2 (ja) * 2019-01-16 2022-07-27 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 プレス成形品の製造方法およびプレス成形品
CN112871840B (zh) * 2021-01-19 2022-11-15 杭州道贤智能科技有限责任公司 一种面料生产用绒毛处理装置

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CH275352A (de) * 1949-10-07 1951-05-31 L & H Rosenmund Vorm Louis Ros Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Innenwänden, insbesondere zum Entschlammen von Rohren.
DE2111445A1 (de) * 1971-03-10 1972-09-21 Erdmann Jesnitzer Friedrich Pr Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Dauerschwingfestigkeit metallischer Werkstuecke
US3987963A (en) * 1975-06-27 1976-10-26 Partek Corporation Of Houston Fluid delivery system
BE883798A (fr) * 1980-06-12 1980-10-01 Smet Karel I C Dispositif de nettoyage a haute pression de tuyauteries et analogues
FR2551996A1 (fr) * 1983-09-21 1985-03-22 Electricite De France Procede et dispositif pour l'abaissement des tensions residuelles de fabrication sur la paroi interne d'un tube dudgeonne

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103419137A (zh) * 2012-05-25 2013-12-04 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种轧辊表面强化与粗糙度控制方法
CN103419137B (zh) * 2012-05-25 2015-10-28 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种轧辊表面强化与粗糙度控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6263614A (ja) 1987-03-20
EP0218354A1 (en) 1987-04-15
ES2001668A6 (es) 1988-06-01

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