EP0217126B1 - Couche galvanique de chrome dur - Google Patents

Couche galvanique de chrome dur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0217126B1
EP0217126B1 EP86111775A EP86111775A EP0217126B1 EP 0217126 B1 EP0217126 B1 EP 0217126B1 EP 86111775 A EP86111775 A EP 86111775A EP 86111775 A EP86111775 A EP 86111775A EP 0217126 B1 EP0217126 B1 EP 0217126B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cracks
chromium layer
layer according
hard chromium
solid particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86111775A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0217126A1 (fr
Inventor
Rudolf Linde
Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Buran
Hans-Jochem Dr. Neuhäuser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goetze GmbH
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Goetze GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goetze GmbH filed Critical Goetze GmbH
Publication of EP0217126A1 publication Critical patent/EP0217126A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0217126B1 publication Critical patent/EP0217126B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a galvanic hard chrome layer with a crack network extending through the entire layer thickness and its production method.
  • Electroplated hard chrome layers have above all a high hardness and associated high wear resistance, a strong surface smoothness and associated low coefficient of friction and low adhesive power as well as a good resistance to aggressive chemical, corrosive, erosive and oxidative stress at possibly higher temperatures.
  • the treads of machine parts such as the treads of piston rings or cylinders in internal combustion engines, are coated with hard chrome layers in order to achieve special wear resistance.
  • Pressing tools and molds for the production of plastic molded articles are provided with chrome layers or are used to achieve special smoothness and wear resistance
  • valve parts are especially protected by chrome layers in chemical plants.
  • Hard chrome layers are also not very elastic and brittle. Especially in the case of shock loads and strong vibrations, breaks can occur in the layers, which then lead to the layers flaking off.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a hard chrome layer with improved physical and technological properties in which, above all, the disadvantages indicated are eliminated.
  • the aim is to find a galvanic process which can be used as universally as possible and with which layers of this type can be produced simply and cost-effectively.
  • this object is achieved by a hard chrome layer.
  • solid particles are embedded in the cracks.
  • the gap width of the cracks should preferably be over 0.5 ⁇ m, but in particular over 11 ⁇ m, so that solid particles can be deposited at all, and the preferred thickness of the hard chrome layer is between 10 ⁇ m and 1,000 ⁇ m.
  • the invention thus creates a hard chrome layer, in the crack network of which solid particles are embedded, which improve the properties of the hard chrome layer in the desired manner, particularly in the case of a high crack density, in accordance with their properties, such as in the case of a galvanic dispersion layer.
  • the substances used in the production of galvanic dispersion layers are suitable as solid particles, individually or in combination, but they must not dissolve in the microcracking chromic acid baths, their grain size must be below the gap width of the chromium cracks, i.e. preferably between about 0.5 and 15 ⁇ m and the thickness of the chrome layer should be several times larger than the grain size of the particles.
  • Solid particles made primarily of aluminum oxide, boron carbide, boron nitride, chromium carbide, silicon dioxide, titanium carbide, diamond and / or tungsten carbide are suitable as solid particles for improving wear resistance. Such chromium layers containing solids are then particularly suitable for coating the tread of piston rings or cylinder liners in internal combustion engines.
  • the solid lubricant particles used consist of hexagonal boron nitride, graphite and / or polymer particles, especially of polyvinyl chloride and / or polytetrafluoroethylene, and for improvement ductility or reduction in brittleness, ductile metals or metal alloys made of tin, titanium or bronze can be embedded in the cracks. The tendency of chrome to adhesive wear can also be reduced by embedded molybdenum particles.
  • the color of the chrome layers according to the invention can be influenced by organic dyes or colored metal salts embedded in the cracks. It was also found that filling the cracks with solid particles increased the corrosion resistance of the layers.
  • the cracks were preferably filled with polyvinyl chloride particles, and the polyvinyl chloride was then melted into the cracks, so that the cracks were sealed and protected against corrosive attacks.
  • solid particles of one or more types of substance can be used in combination to fill the cracks, so that several physical properties are improved at the same time.
  • the cracks need not be completely filled with the solid particles.
  • cracks in the chrome layer zones directly on the substrate can be filled with a corrosion-preventing substance, while the cracks in the outer chrome layer zones are filled with wear particles or sliding substances or are even particle-free, so that corrosion-protected layers with good wear and sliding properties are created.
  • the outermost zones can additionally be filled with a substance that promotes enema, such as elemental tin or iron oxide.
  • chromium-cracking chromium plating baths such as preferably acidic chromic acid baths, with solid particles dispersed therein are used.
  • the workpiece to be chrome plated is first switched cathodically, so that a micro-cracked chrome layer forms, then the workpiece is switched anodically, so that the micro-cracks widen to the desired gap width and the cracks fill with the solid particles and then again occurs a cathodic circuit so that the solid particles are encapsulated and sealed by closing the cracks.
  • This periodic current reversal can, if necessary, be repeated several times, the person skilled in the art being able to vary the chromium plating parameters in accordance with the application in such a way that the desired crack width, crack density and crack filling are produced with, if necessary, different solid particle fillings.
  • Hard chrome layers are thus created by the invention, the physical and technological properties of which are significantly improved by solid particles embedded in the cracks.
  • the chrome layers can above all, as shown, have improved wear behavior, better sliding properties, better running-in behavior, better fire trace safety, better protection against fractures and flaking and better corrosion behavior individually or in combination.
  • all known chromic acid-insoluble solid particles can be used to fill the cracks.
  • the process according to the invention for producing the chromium layers is relatively simple to carry out and allows the person skilled in the art to produce the desired properties universally by varying the chromium plating parameters and adapted to the application.
  • the invention is illustrated by the exemplary embodiments and the micrographs.
  • the chrome plating takes place for a total of about 5 hours at 55 ° C. with the formation of a chrome layer with a total thickness of 0.2 mm.
  • a test rod (diameter 12 mm) 5 cm long and 5 cm wide is first cathodically chromium-plated at 65 A / dM2 for 30 minutes and then the layer is anodically etched by anodically switching the test rod for 30 sec with a current density of 150 A. / dm 2 .
  • This periodic chrome plating takes place in a total of 10 stages, the chrome plating and etching taking place under the same process parameters.
  • the cracks extending through the chrome layer in the manner of a cobweb can be seen in FIG.
  • the silicon carbide particles embedded in the cracks can be recognized as bright particles.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross sections of the cracks, which extend approximately at right angles to the surface.
  • the cracks are closed by the periodic reversal of the current during chrome plating by means of chromium layers formed over them, so that the embedded bright silicon dioxide particles are encapsulated in the cracks.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Claims (17)

1. Couche galvanoplastique de chrome dur avec un réseau de fissures s'étendant au travers de l'ensemble de l'épaisseur de la couche, caractérisée en ce que des particules solides sont logées dans les fissures.
2. Couche de chrome dur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche de chrome dur vaut entre 0,01 et 1,0 mm.
3. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la largeur des fissures est supérieure à 0,001 mm.
4. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la granulométrie des particules solides logées dans la couche va de 0,0005 à 0,015 mm.
5. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'en vue d'augmenter la résistance à l'usure, des particules de matières dures sont logées en tant que particules solides dans les fissures.
6. Couche de chrome dur selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les particules de matières dures sont en carbure de tungstène, en carbure de chrome, en oxyde d'aluminium, en carbure de silicium, en nitrure de silicium, en carbure de bore et/ou en diamant.
7. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'en vue d'augmenter les propriétés de glissement, des particules de lubrifiants solides sons logées dans les fissures en tant que particules solides.
8. Couche de chrome dur selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les particules de lubrifiants solides sont en graphite, en nitrure de bore hexagonal et/ou en polytétrafluoréthylène.
9. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'en vue d'augmenter la ductilité, des métaux et/ou des alliages de métaux ductiles sont logés dans les fissures en tant que particules solides.
10. Couche de chrome dur selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les métaux et/ou les alliages de métaux ductiles sont du titane, de l'étain et/ou du bronze.
11. Couche de chrome dur selon l'unequelcon- que des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'en vue d'augmenter la résistance à la corrosion, des polymères thermoplastiques sont logés dans les fissures en tant que particules solides et en ce que les thermoplastiques sont fondus après leur mise en place dans les fissures.
12. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que des colorants organiques et/ou non-organiques sont logés dans les fissures en tant que particules solides.
13. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que des mélanges d'au moins deux composés pris parmi des particules des matières dures, des particules de lubrifiants solides, des métaux, des alliages de métaux, des thermoplastiques organiques, des colorants organiques et non-organiques sont logés dans les fissures en tant que particules solides.
14. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que la couche de chrome est constituée de plusieurs dépôts de couche de chrome dans les fissures desquels sont logés différents matières solides ou mélanges de matières solides.
15. Couche de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce que les fissures des différents dépôts de couche de chrome sont plus ou moins remplis de particules solides.
16. Procédé de fabrication de couches de chrome dur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le chromage a lieu dans un électrolyte de chromage créant des micro-fissures connu en soi, les particules solides y étant dispersées, et en ce que la pièce est connectée tour à tour à la cathode et à l'anode, le sens du courant électrique étant inversé périodiquement une ou plusieurs fois pendant le chromage de srote que, pendant la connexion à la cathode, la couche de chrome micro-fisurée se forme sur la pièce et, pendant la connexion à l'anode, les micro-fissures s'élargissent et se remplissent de particules solides, les fissures étant fermées par dépôt de chrome pendant la connexion suivante à la cathode et les particules solides étant enfermées dans les fissures.
17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la durée de connexion de la pièce à la cathode est bien plus longue que la durée de connexion de la pièce à l'anode.
EP86111775A 1985-09-03 1986-08-26 Couche galvanique de chrome dur Expired - Lifetime EP0217126B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3531410 1985-09-03
DE19853531410 DE3531410A1 (de) 1985-09-03 1985-09-03 Galvanische hartchromschicht

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0217126A1 EP0217126A1 (fr) 1987-04-08
EP0217126B1 true EP0217126B1 (fr) 1990-07-04

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EP86111775A Expired - Lifetime EP0217126B1 (fr) 1985-09-03 1986-08-26 Couche galvanique de chrome dur

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US4846940A (fr)
EP (1) EP0217126B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2602499B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8604205A (fr)
DE (2) DE3531410A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2001645A6 (fr)
HK (1) HK115395A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19752720A1 (de) * 1997-11-28 1999-06-10 Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ölabstreifkolbenrings
DE10121593A1 (de) * 2001-05-03 2002-11-07 Duralloy Ag Haerkingen Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Werkstücken mit einem Lagermetall
DE102007038188A1 (de) 2007-08-13 2009-02-19 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Verschleißfest beschichtetes Maschinenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP2660362B1 (fr) 2010-12-27 2019-06-26 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Film composite de placage au chrome et élément de glissement muni du film

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JPS63168074U (fr) * 1987-04-20 1988-11-01
US5770323A (en) * 1991-02-20 1998-06-23 T & N Technology Limited Bearings
GB9103481D0 (en) * 1991-02-20 1991-04-10 T & N Technology Ltd Bearings
US5614320A (en) * 1991-07-17 1997-03-25 Beane; Alan F. Particles having engineered properties
US5453293A (en) * 1991-07-17 1995-09-26 Beane; Alan F. Methods of manufacturing coated particles having desired values of intrinsic properties and methods of applying the coated particles to objects
IT1267394B1 (it) * 1994-02-18 1997-02-05 Ind S R L Procedimento per la realizzazione di riporti galvanici compositi in cromo duro con una fase dispersa e riporto anti-usura realizzato con
US5490445A (en) * 1994-03-14 1996-02-13 Ford Motor Company Ultra low device volume piston system
FR2726289B1 (fr) 1994-10-28 1997-03-28 Floquet Monopole Procede d'electrodeposition d'un revetement de chrome comportant des inclusions solides et bain mis en oeuvre dans ce procede
DE19529843A1 (de) * 1995-08-12 1997-02-13 Marco Santini Verfahren zur galvanischen Verchromung
DE69704752T3 (de) * 1996-11-11 2005-08-04 Teikoku Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Galvanische Komposit-Chrom-Beschichtung und damit beschichtetes Gleitteil
EP0841413B1 (fr) * 1996-11-11 2001-09-26 Teikoku Piston Ring Co., LTd. Revêtement galvanique composite à base de chrome et élément de glissement revêtu avec celui-ci
DE19745811C2 (de) * 1997-10-16 2002-06-13 Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Galvanische Hartchromschicht, Verwendung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US6039860A (en) * 1998-11-09 2000-03-21 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Method for chromium plating titanium alloy
US6561322B2 (en) 1998-12-03 2003-05-13 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Plated wear surface for alloy components and methods of manufacturing the same
SE514700C2 (sv) * 1999-03-19 2001-04-02 Daros Holding Ab Elektrolytisk beläggning av ett substrat med ett keramkromskikt, keramkromskikt samt kolvring
DE19931829A1 (de) 1999-07-08 2001-01-18 Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Galvanische Hartchromschicht
WO2001048267A1 (fr) * 1999-12-27 2001-07-05 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Element coulissant
AT408351B (de) * 2000-05-17 2001-11-26 Miba Gleitlager Ag Verfahren zum galvanischen abscheiden einer dispersionsschicht auf einer oberfläche eines werkstückes
JP4059621B2 (ja) * 2000-09-29 2008-03-12 日本ピストンリング株式会社 クロムめっき摺動部材及びその製造方法
JP4068879B2 (ja) * 2001-08-21 2008-03-26 株式会社神戸製鋼所 抗菌性および／または防藻性に優れた金属部材
DE10255853A1 (de) 2002-11-29 2004-06-17 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Herstellung strukturierter Hartchromschichten
EP1719827B2 (fr) 2004-01-30 2017-08-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Riken Procédé de fabrication d'un élément coulissant pourvu d'une couche composite à base de chrome
DE102004019370B3 (de) 2004-04-21 2005-09-01 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Herstellung einer strukturierten Hartchromschicht und Herstellung einer Beschichtung
CN100359048C (zh) * 2004-12-27 2008-01-02 西安建筑科技大学 一种导电辊修复方法
DE102005023627B4 (de) * 2005-05-21 2010-05-06 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Stahlkolbering
US7383807B2 (en) * 2005-05-23 2008-06-10 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Coated power cylinder components for diesel engines
JP4757778B2 (ja) * 2006-11-10 2011-08-24 電気化学工業株式会社 窒化珪素粉末、その製造方法及び用途
DE102007037778A1 (de) 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Mahle International Gmbh Hartchromschicht, beschichtetes Substrat und tribologisches System
DE102008017270B3 (de) 2008-04-04 2009-06-04 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Strukturierte Chrom-Feststoffpartikel-Schicht und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie beschichtetes Maschinenelement
DE102008036996B4 (de) * 2008-08-07 2010-09-02 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Gleit- und/oder Gegenring einer Laufwerkdichtung
DE102011084052B4 (de) 2011-10-05 2024-05-29 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Beschichteter Kolbenring mit scharfer Ölabstreifkante
DE102011084051B4 (de) 2011-10-05 2020-03-12 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Beschichteter Kolbenring mit radial zunehmender Schichtdicke und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102012204156A1 (de) 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Kolbenring mit Chrom-Feststoffpartikel-Verschleißschutzschicht und korrosionsbeständiger Flankenfläche
CH708659A2 (de) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-15 Bräcker Ag Spinn- oder Zwirnring.
JP6569178B2 (ja) * 2015-10-08 2019-09-04 地方独立行政法人大阪産業技術研究所 複合硬質被膜を有する物品及びその製造方法
US9945481B2 (en) 2016-07-07 2018-04-17 Federal-Mogul Llc Polymer coating in cracked piston ring coating
DE102017221606A1 (de) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-06 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Kolbenring
US10864567B2 (en) 2018-04-17 2020-12-15 Government Of The United States As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Systems and methods for electroprocessing a gun barrel using a moving electrode
US11230777B2 (en) * 2019-06-20 2022-01-25 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Wear-resistant coating
DE102020105003A1 (de) 2020-02-26 2021-08-26 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Kolbenring mit Hartchromschicht und verbessertem Einlaufverhalten
DE102021125366A1 (de) 2021-09-30 2023-03-30 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Verschleißschutzschicht für Kolbenringe

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19752720A1 (de) * 1997-11-28 1999-06-10 Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ölabstreifkolbenrings
DE19752720C2 (de) * 1997-11-28 2000-07-06 Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ölabstreifkolbenrings
DE10121593A1 (de) * 2001-05-03 2002-11-07 Duralloy Ag Haerkingen Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Werkstücken mit einem Lagermetall
US6875330B2 (en) 2001-05-03 2005-04-05 Duralloy Ag Process for coating workpieces with bearing metal
DE102007038188A1 (de) 2007-08-13 2009-02-19 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Verschleißfest beschichtetes Maschinenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP2660362B1 (fr) 2010-12-27 2019-06-26 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Film composite de placage au chrome et élément de glissement muni du film

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2001645A6 (es) 1988-06-01
JPS6256600A (ja) 1987-03-12
BR8604205A (pt) 1987-04-28
EP0217126A1 (fr) 1987-04-08
JP2602499B2 (ja) 1997-04-23
DE3531410A1 (de) 1987-03-05
DE3672431D1 (de) 1990-08-09
DE3531410C2 (fr) 1989-03-23
US4846940A (en) 1989-07-11
HK115395A (en) 1995-07-21

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