EP0208854B1 - Anordnung für die Steuerung des Kippvorgangs eines Schmelztiegels - Google Patents

Anordnung für die Steuerung des Kippvorgangs eines Schmelztiegels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0208854B1
EP0208854B1 EP86106158A EP86106158A EP0208854B1 EP 0208854 B1 EP0208854 B1 EP 0208854B1 EP 86106158 A EP86106158 A EP 86106158A EP 86106158 A EP86106158 A EP 86106158A EP 0208854 B1 EP0208854 B1 EP 0208854B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crucible
pouring
arrangement according
angle
correction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86106158A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0208854A2 (de
EP0208854A3 (en
Inventor
Friedrich-Werner Dr. Thomas
Jürgen Bruch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balzers und Leybold Deutschland Holding AG
Original Assignee
Leybold AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leybold AG filed Critical Leybold AG
Publication of EP0208854A2 publication Critical patent/EP0208854A2/de
Publication of EP0208854A3 publication Critical patent/EP0208854A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0208854B1 publication Critical patent/EP0208854B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/06—Equipment for tilting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D37/00—Controlling or regulating the pouring of molten metal from a casting melt-holding vessel

Definitions

  • the casting process In order to ensure a quick and reproducible pouring of the melted material from a crucible into a casting mold, the casting process must be automated.
  • the so-called teach-in method is particularly advantageous here.
  • Various test casting processes were carried out and the respective casting curves, i.e. the curves, which represent the tilt angle of the crucible as a function of time, are stored directly in memories.
  • the casting curve that gives the best casting result is used as a pattern for the following casting processes.
  • the memory that contains the optimal casting curve is therefore the "master" memory for all future casting processes. It automatically controls the casting process from start to finish, thus ensuring its reproducibility from batch to batch.
  • the actual pouring process of the melting product generally only begins at a tilting angle of the crucible of approximately 30 °, when the molten material is just touching the pouring lip of the crucible, but is not yet running out.
  • the end point of the pouring process depends on the system, e.g. at 115 °.
  • the automatic pouring takes place between these two angular positions of the crucible using this teach-in method.
  • the casting process could be started exactly at the 30 ° position of the crucible.
  • the molten material does not always touch the pouring lip of the crucible at a position of 30 °, either because the geometry of the crucible changes due to erosion or because the amount of material to be melted is not always the same.
  • the resulting deviations from the 30 ° angular position are max. ⁇ 10 °.
  • the material is always melted when the angle is 0 °. If pouring is initiated by teach-in of 30 °, the crucible must be brought into the corresponding pouring position of 30 ° ⁇ 10 ° for the above reasons, depending on the respective bath level. This movement is done either by Haud by observing the level of the melt by the operator or by automatic control via a level measuring device.
  • the tilting angle can be once more and once less than 30 °. If the automatic casting process is initiated in this position using the teach-in method, the crucible would first be brought into the stored starting position without a suitable correction and then tilted in accordance with the commands from the master memory until the casting process has ended.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a correction arrangement for a control device for a crucible, which automatically tilts this crucible from a specific angular position according to a predetermined pattern until it is emptied, which prevents these abrupt movements.
  • the advantage achieved by the invention is in particular that the advantages of automatic casting can also be used if the tilt angle at which the pouring lips of the crucible are touched from batch to batch by an amount of max. ⁇ 10% changed.
  • the invention can be used both in automatic controls from a 30 ° position of the crucible and in automatic controls from any other angles of the crucible bar.
  • An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below.
  • FIG. 1 shows a crucible 1 of an induction furnace which has a pouring spout 2 with pouring lips 3.
  • the actual dumping or pouring process takes place when the axis 4 of the crucible 1 is in a position between 30 ° and 115 °.
  • the angular position of the crucible axis which is important for the present invention, is the 30 ° position which is at the beginning of the casting process.
  • a f (t)
  • the corresponding amount is Angle less than 30 °, for example only 20 °. If the operator were to press the button which initiates the automatic casting process, the crucible drive would suddenly bring the crucible 1 out of the 20 ° position into the 30 ° position, causing large amounts of the melting material to spill out of the crucible 1. If the level in the crucible 1 is lower than in the ideal casting process, the melting material in the 30 ° position does not yet reach the pouring lip 3.
  • the straight line 5 which represents the automatic casting process, represents a linear relationship between the tilt angle and the time, ie the crucible 1 is tilted by the same angle amounts at the same time intervals.
  • the automatic casting process ends at time t E.
  • the straight line 5 begins at point 6, where the crucible already has a tilt angle ap L of 30 °. Point 6 thus marks the state in which the melting material exactly touches the pouring lip 3.
  • the dashed line 7 denotes the area of manual control or automatic control via an optical level measuring device at an ideal melt level. If the melt level in the crucible 1 is higher than it should be, the pouring lip is already reached at less than 30 °, for example at 20 'in point 8.
  • the area of the manual control or the control by means of an optical level measuring device is characterized by the straight line 9. So that the automatic casting process ends at this point in time t E , casting must be carried out faster automatically, which is why the steepness of the straight line 10 is greater than the steepness of the straight line 5. Inverse conditions occur when the level of the melting material in the crucible 1 is below the Ideal value. In this case, the crucible 1 has to be tilted, for example, into the 40 ° position 11 so that the melting material touches the pouring lip 3. If the automatic casting process is also to be ended here after the time t E , casting must be carried out more slowly, which is expressed by the lower steepness of the straight line 12.
  • the ideal casting curve need not be a straight line 5, but can also be a non-linear curve 13, which is shown in broken lines in FIG. 2.
  • curve 14, which is also drawn in dashed lines, represents the associated nonlinear, corrected curve which, if the level of the melting material is too low, ensures the same casting time t e - t A as is given at the ideal level of the melting material.
  • a correction value is derived from a position setpoint of the ideal casting curve, which corrects the ideal position setpoint such that, depending on the position, the corrected curves 10 and 12 result from the uncorrected ideal curve 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows the use of the invention in automatic crucible tipping with correction by means of a basic block diagram.
  • the crucible 1 with the pouring spout 2 and the pouring lip 3 can be seen.
  • the crucible 1 is rotatably supported and can be rotated with it by rotating one connected gear 80 can be pivoted clockwise and counterclockwise.
  • the toothed wheel 80 engages in a toothed rack 81 which can be actuated, for example, by a hydraulic actuating cylinder 82.
  • a position actual value transmitter 83 is connected to this actuating cylinder 82 and converts the respective actual positions of the crucible 1 into electrical signals.
  • a hydraulic control valve 87 is controlled by a position controller 85 via a servo amplifier 86.
  • the control valve 87 causes a more or less strong supply of a hydraulic medium from a hydraulic supply 88 to the control cylinder 82. Mention here that of course any other control element, e.g. Drives, magnets, etc. can be used.
  • the position controller 85 is supplied with both the actual position value of the actual position value encoder 83 and a value via an addition point 107, which is present at one of the connection points 104, 105, 106 of an operating mode selector switch.
  • the hand position setpoint is present at the connection point 104 and is tapped at the resistor 84.
  • a signal which is formed by the addition point 96 is fed to the connection point 105. This addition point 96 receives a signal from a program memory 89 and from the correction potentiometer 37.
  • connection point 106 there is a signal from an integrator 90, the input of which can optionally be connected to various solenoids via switches 97-100.
  • the setpoint "tilt position -15 °" reaches the integrator via the switch 97, which is tapped at a resistor 94.
  • the setpoint "tilt position 0 °" of another setpoint generator 93 reaches the integrator 90 via the switch 98.
  • the same applies to the tilt positions "30 °” and "90 °", which come from the setpoint generators 92, 91 and via switches 99, 100 can be fed to the integrator 90.
  • the correction signal which is tapped at the potentiometer 37, is generated with the amplifier circuits 108, 109, to which the "115 °" setpoint W E via the addition point 113 and optionally via the switch 110 the position manual setpoint W " via the switch 111 the "300" setpoint and the setpoint via switch 112 are fed from the teach-in program memory.
  • the correction value also passes from the potentiometer 37 to an addition point 101, which is located between the switch 99 and the resistor 92.
  • the circuit part 114, 115, 116 is used for the optical display that the correction function is set correctly.
  • the operating mode selector switch which can be brought into positions 104, 105, 106, it is possible to select different operating modes.
  • position 104 pure manual control is possible.
  • the automatic tilting process is carried out in position 105 in accordance with the instructions of the program memory 89, specifically with the ⁇ 10 ° correction according to the invention.
  • position 106 the automatic tilting to fixed positions takes place.
  • correction circuit 108, 109, 113 according to FIG. 3 is shown in detail in FIG. 4a.
  • digital alternatives using a computer or the like possible.
  • FIG. 4b The characteristic field belonging to the circuit arrangement of FIG. 4a is shown in FIG. 4b.
  • the end position of the crucible at 115 ° is set, for example, at -10 V at point 20. These -10 V are supplied via a resistor 21 to an input 19 of an amplifier 22.
  • the setpoint position W of the crucible, which is present at point 23, also reaches the input 19 of the amplifier 22 via a resistor 24.
  • the inverting amplifier 22 with the adjustable feedback resistor 25 provides at its output the negative sum of those present at points 20 and 23 Voltages multiplied by the gain given by resistors 21, 24 and 25.
  • an inverting amplifier 33 is provided, the input of which is connected via a resistor 34 to the output 26 of the amplifier 22 and which has a feedback resistor 35.
  • a potentiometer 37 is placed between the outputs 26, 36 of the two amplifiers 22, 33, with which various correction characteristic curves can be set according to FIG. 4b.
  • the correction circuit is designed so that at a setpoint W of 30 ° at the output of the amplifier 22 there is a voltage which corresponds to an angle of + 10 °. A voltage corresponding to -10 ° is thus present at the output of the inverter 33. These two values lie on both sides of the potentiometer 37, so that the correction value K can be set between + 10 ° and -10 ° at a set value W of 30 '.
  • the output voltage of the amplifier 22 goes to zero, i.e. the set correction becomes less and less effective and when the end position is reached the corrected curve and the original curve are identical (see curves, 5, 10, 12 in FIG. 2).
  • the correction function is taken into account in such a way that a standardized casting curve is stored in the program memory, ie a casting curve that begins exactly at 30 °.
  • the correction value K at the addition point 95 is subtracted from the manual setpoint W H.
  • the correction signal K is added at the addition point 96 to the standardized casting curve output by the program memory.
  • the correction setting can e.g. in such a way that the operator tilts the crucible 1 manually by means of the potentiometer 84 until the melt just touches the pouring lip 3.
  • the correction potentiometer 37 is adjusted until the display 116 signals the correct setting.
  • the automatic pouring process can then be initiated, with the corrective circuit ensuring a smooth transition from manual operation to automatic casting.
  • FIG. 5 shows the use of the invention in automatic crucible tilting in a basic block diagram. Only the part of the figure that differs from FIG. 3 is explained below.
  • the switch 512 is opened and the manual setpoint present at this time, which corresponds to the actual pour lip position a ' PL , is stored in the analog memory 513, 501.
  • a suitable correction function is formed in the analog arithmetic circuit 502 to 509 from the difference to the exact pour lip value 30 °, from the final value W E (115 °) and the current target value W G or W H.
  • the correction circuit 501 to 516 according to FIG. 5 is shown in detail in FIG. 6a.
  • digital corrections with the aid of a computer or the like are alternatively also possible.
  • FIG. 6a The characteristic field belonging to the circuit in FIG. 6a is shown in FIG. 6b for the teach-in process and in FIG. 6c for the casting process.
  • the hand setpoint W H is at the output of the amplifier 601 as long as the switch 512 is closed. If switch 512 is opened at the start of casting or the start of teach-in, the last existing hand setpoint W H is stored as start value W st . This always corresponds to the respective pour lip position a ' PL .
  • the amplifier 604 forms the difference between the exact pour lip value W PL and the starting value W st .
  • the amplifier 603 forms the difference between the final value W E and the starting value W st during the teach-in process, and the difference between the final value W E and the exact pour lip value Wp L during the goat process.
  • the quotient of the differences (W PL ⁇ W st ) / (W E ⁇ W PL ) during the casting process or (W PL ⁇ W st ) / (W E ⁇ W st ) during teach-in Process is multiplied by the module 606 with the difference between the end value W E and the current setpoint W, which is formed by the amplifier 602.
  • the program setpoint W G during casting is selected as the current setpoint W with switch 510 and the manual setpoint W H during teach-in is selected with switch 511.
  • the different correction functions are made possible by the changeover switch 514.
  • the generated correction K T is added 95 to the hand setpoint in order to obtain the standard curve required for saving; during casting, the correction K G generated is added to the program setpoint in order to obtain the current casting curve from the standard curve.
  • the relationships given in brackets in FIG. 6a apply when the switch 514 is in the teach-in position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
EP86106158A 1985-07-12 1986-05-06 Anordnung für die Steuerung des Kippvorgangs eines Schmelztiegels Expired - Lifetime EP0208854B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3524858 1985-07-12
DE19853524858 DE3524858A1 (de) 1985-07-12 1985-07-12 Anordnung fuer die steuerung des kippvorgangs eines schmelztiegels

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0208854A2 EP0208854A2 (de) 1987-01-21
EP0208854A3 EP0208854A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0208854B1 true EP0208854B1 (de) 1990-05-09

Family

ID=6275557

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86106158A Expired - Lifetime EP0208854B1 (de) 1985-07-12 1986-05-06 Anordnung für die Steuerung des Kippvorgangs eines Schmelztiegels

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4823263A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0208854B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS6246185A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3524858A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202012003963U1 (de) 2012-04-20 2012-05-15 MKN Maschinenfabrik Kurt Neubauer GmbH & Co. KG Gerät mit einem Garraum und einem Kippmechanismus zum Kippen des Garraums
DE102011104698A1 (de) 2011-06-06 2012-12-06 MKN Maschinenfabrik Kurt Neubauer GmbH & Co. KG Gargerät mit einem Garraum und einem Kippmechanismus zum Kippen des Garraums sowie Verfahren zum Abfüllen von fließ- oder schüttfähigem Gut aus einem Garraum eines Gargeräts

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JPH0318852U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1989-07-07 1991-02-25
DE4132203A1 (de) * 1991-09-27 1993-04-01 Leybold Ag Verfahren zur steuerung eines schmelz- und giessvorgangs
US5792378A (en) * 1996-08-02 1998-08-11 Lockheed Martin Advanced Environmental Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling the flow rate and aiming when pouring molten material from a container
US6168053B1 (en) 1999-06-21 2001-01-02 Consarc Corporation Positioning apparatus and method for precision pouring of a liquid from a vessel
US6352588B1 (en) * 1999-08-10 2002-03-05 Optoscint, Inc. Material purification
TWI466740B (zh) * 2007-02-15 2015-01-01 Sintokogio Ltd 自動注入方法及裝置
US20090308562A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Zimmer, Inc. Electrical servo driven rollover melt furnace
JP2010223519A (ja) * 2009-03-24 2010-10-07 Sinfonia Technology Co Ltd 溶解炉の出湯制御装置、溶解炉出湯制御システム、及び溶解炉の出湯制御方法
KR102656372B1 (ko) 2016-12-30 2024-04-12 세욘드, 인크. 다중파장 라이다 설계
CN111451468B (zh) * 2020-05-11 2022-05-13 沈阳广泰真空科技有限公司 一种浇注过程的坩埚控制方法及装置

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011104698A1 (de) 2011-06-06 2012-12-06 MKN Maschinenfabrik Kurt Neubauer GmbH & Co. KG Gargerät mit einem Garraum und einem Kippmechanismus zum Kippen des Garraums sowie Verfahren zum Abfüllen von fließ- oder schüttfähigem Gut aus einem Garraum eines Gargeräts
EP2532287A1 (de) 2011-06-06 2012-12-12 MKN Maschinenfabrik Kurt Neubauer GmbH & Co. Verfahren zum Abfüllen von fließ- oder schüttfähigem Gut aus einem Garraum eines Gargeräts sowie Gargerät mit einem Garraum und einem Kippmechanismus zum Kippen des Garraums
DE202012003963U1 (de) 2012-04-20 2012-05-15 MKN Maschinenfabrik Kurt Neubauer GmbH & Co. KG Gerät mit einem Garraum und einem Kippmechanismus zum Kippen des Garraums

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3524858A1 (de) 1987-01-22
JPH0517474B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-03-09
US4823263A (en) 1989-04-18
JPS6246185A (ja) 1987-02-28
DE3670968D1 (de) 1990-06-13
EP0208854A2 (de) 1987-01-21
EP0208854A3 (en) 1989-03-15

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