EP0204611A2 - Ventilation apparatus for rooms and draught inducer for chimney outlets - Google Patents

Ventilation apparatus for rooms and draught inducer for chimney outlets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204611A2
EP0204611A2 EP86401107A EP86401107A EP0204611A2 EP 0204611 A2 EP0204611 A2 EP 0204611A2 EP 86401107 A EP86401107 A EP 86401107A EP 86401107 A EP86401107 A EP 86401107A EP 0204611 A2 EP0204611 A2 EP 0204611A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
duct
flange
blades
ventilation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86401107A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0204611B1 (en
EP0204611A3 (en
Inventor
Michel Henri Zaniewski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Assunzione O Variazione Mandato d'agostini Organiz
Original Assignee
ZANIEWSKI MICHEL HENRY
Zaniewski Michel Henri
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8508697A external-priority patent/FR2587458B2/en
Application filed by ZANIEWSKI MICHEL HENRY, Zaniewski Michel Henri filed Critical ZANIEWSKI MICHEL HENRY
Priority to AT86401107T priority Critical patent/ATE52607T1/en
Publication of EP0204611A2 publication Critical patent/EP0204611A2/en
Publication of EP0204611A3 publication Critical patent/EP0204611A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0204611B1 publication Critical patent/EP0204611B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/005—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues using fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/001—Ventilation with exhausting air ducts
    • F24F2007/002—Junction box, e.g. for ducts from kitchen, toilet or bathroom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
    • F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
    • F24F2013/1493—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre using an elastic membrane

Definitions

  • Such a device also had the advantage that the downward vertical air stream thus created by the ventilation member was used for cooling the drive motor of said member, thus protecting it from overheating which would have harms its longevity.
  • the present invention therefore aims, as a refinement of the cited invention, to create a mechanical ventilation member which increases this vortex phenomenon while maintaining the external venturi effect, without neglecting the static suction effect due to the passage of the wind at the level of the members which constitute the end of the ventilation or chimney draft duct.
  • a ventilation unit ensures the simultaneous ventilation of all the premises, the flow rate in each of them being regulated by lids controlling each circuit.
  • Such installations must operate 24 hours a day with no means of static ventilation and fouling of their turbine by the suction of vapors loaded with grease, even suppressing thermal draft.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks.
  • the turbine which creates the downpour effect which makes it possible to obtain different levels of depression in the various associated sheaths can cooperate with static members of depression which allows the use of the wind to ensure a distribution of the energy necessary for the ventilation between electric energy and natural energy, automatic regulation accessories completing the distribution of ventilation between the different rooms.
  • the device object of the invention is constituted by the open centrifugal turbine formed by the flange 4 which supports on its underside several series of open gutter-shaped vanes , such as 10, 10a and 10b, the position of which relative to the spokes of the flange 4 which carries them depends essentially on the desired degree of depression.
  • Their perfectly radial position (fig. 2b) ensures, for the same number of turns of the turbine, and the same direction of rotation given by the arrow, a lower depression than that obtained by the position of FIG. 2a in which the convex face of each blade forms an acute angle with the tangent to the flange 4 at each of them, but greater than that obtained by the object position of FIG. 2c in which the convex face of each blade forms an obtuse angle with the tangent to the flange 4 at each of them, the rotation of said turbine always taking place in the direction of the convex face of said blades.
  • each blade taken in each of the series 10, 10a and 10b for example, is such that they overlap with each other according to the drawing in Figures 2.
  • the profile of the blade which has been created in order to produce the best efficiency in the direction of the desired depression, ie capable of creating the most intense downstream vortex movement at the level of the upper opening of the duct fitted with the system is a portion of hyperbola 21 which has an asymptotic angle open downstream in the direction of rotation of the turbine, one of the development planes of said asymptotic angle, less than 90 °, being rendered integral with the flange 4, the other plane 10 of the asymptote developing downward at the bottom of the flange 4 of the turbine and extending beyond it to develop at the same inclination to the top of the upper surface of said flange to form an inclined upper blade 20.
  • the vortex turbine 4a thus constituted (FIG. 3) being placed in the cylindrical casing situated at the lower hole of the tunnel 8 and rotating in the direction of the arrow (FIG. 2), that is to say in the direction of the convex face of the blades, and cooperating with the centrifugal turbine created by the upper blades 6 contained in the same casing at the base of the tunnel 8, it can be seen that the upstream flow sucked by said upper turbine is organized, thanks to the lower turbine (4a) in an intense, peripheral, vortex current which envelops the upper end of the duct 2 on which the said device is placed, creating inside it and along its axis a veritable upward, suction downpour.
  • This downpour induced inside the duct 2 by the external swirl flow generated by the turbine 4a is the result of the combined effects of the upper turbine 6 which creates an upstream flow oriented towards the base of the tunnel 8 parallel to its axis, at the periphery of the conduit thanks to the screen constituted by the flange 4 and the turbine 4a which, at the exit of the tunnel 8 gives this upstream flow a vortex effect always oriented downwards, parallel to the axis of the device and enveloping the duct 2 to the point of creating the desired tornado effect in its center.
  • the result obtained essentially depends on the distance which separates, in the same tunnel 8, the turbine 4a from the upper mouth of the lower duct 2, so that the length of the tunnel 8 (shown in dotted lines in FIG. 3) can be any, apart from the pressure drops, its extension above the turbine - (4a) may be necessary to ensure a constant suction of fresh fluid according to arrow 22 at the lower periphery of the dome 9 which covers the device, even when the device is used for the evacuation of fluid at high temperature.
  • the aerodynamic effects of the device are shown in FIG.
  • this bolster (1a) is constructed of cement, which allows its rapid fixing, without special tools, to the top of any ventilation or smoke duct constructed by masonry materials, by the simple interposition of 'a mortar binder.
  • the parallel curvilinear waves 27 which form the outer wall of this frustoconical miter (1a) ensure the inflection of the air veins which surround it when it is subjected to natural winds whose direction is not horizontal, which allows to obtain at the level of the upper mouth of the miter a practically constant venturi effect for winds whose direction deviates from approximately 30 ° on either side of the horizontal.
  • venturi effect thus produced at the level of the upper mouth of the miter (1 a) is further increased by the presence at this level of the portion of cylinder 3 which has at its upper part an external sharp edge according to FIG. 6.
  • This edge can also be constituted by a metal ring inserted in the mortar for manufacturing said miter (1 a), which can also be made entirely of metal.
  • the vacuum obtained in the concentric conduits 2 and 29 is such that the air flow which it causes makes it possible to simultaneously ventilate several rooms as well as extract the smoke from the heating installation which they comprise.
  • This possibility of thus constituting a central vacuum is further facilitated by the possibility which has just been described of varying the vacuum obtained in each of the conduits by the simple positioning of their mouth relative to the main turbine 4a.
  • the suction assembly constituted by the turbine 4a, driven by the motor 7 located inside the tunnel 8, and surmounting the concentric vertical conduits 2 and 29 provided with the bolster (1a), is located outside the building's roof.
  • the central duct 29 is placed in direct communication with the room which must benefit from the greatest ventilation flow, the kitchen for example, by the duct 30.
  • the heating installation at the level of which the vacuum must be lower than the previous one for avoid excess draft is connected by the sheath 31 with the peripheral duct 2 whose mouth is located at a level lower than that of the duct 29 relative to the turbine 4a, which subjects it to a lower vacuum.
  • This peripheral duct 2 can open into the hollow, generally spherical member 32 on the diametrically opposite wall which simultaneously opens the heating duct 31 as well as the ducts 33 and 34 which communicate with the sanitary rooms in which ventilation requires flow less than in the kitchen for example which remains directly connected to the central duct 29 which benefits from the highest depression.
  • the device is completed by the regulator 35 of known type installed on the duct 2 in order to prevent the depression created by simple venturi effect by the winds which sweep the miter 26 from creating an excess of depression in particular in the duct 31 of evacuation of burnt gases.
  • each of the secondary conduits 33 and 34 is provided on its route with the special regulator 36, which is the subject of FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • Said regulator is constituted by the generally rectangular box 37 inside which the frame 38 can be moved by rotation around its horizontal upper side 40. Sufficient sealing is provided over the entire periphery of the frame 38 inside the trunk 37 so as to ensure the passage of air only inside the frame 38 which is maintained in a position determined by the notches 39, the base of said frame traversing at the base the circular sector 61.
  • a flexible sheet 41 of fabrics for example, the surface of which is less than the total surface of the frame 38 but greater than the vacuum of this same frame.
  • such a device can be used with double effect.
  • the trunk 37 is internally provided with two frames 38 and 45 articulated around the same upper horizontal axis 40 and between which the flexible sheet 41 is hung.
  • the motor 7 located in the tunnel 8 receives the fresh outside air sucked in by the dorsal turbine 6. And the regulator 63 placed at the entrance of the tunnel 8 prevents excess draft which could be due to the conjunction of the depression created by the static elements with that generated by the dynamic elements of the system.
  • the chamber 50, the suction opening of which is formed by the opening 2 is therefore subjected to the vacuum which prevails at this point as a result of the same vortex effect previously described.
  • This chamber distributes the depression at the level of the conduits 33 and 34 through the common regulator 36, which convey the stale or humid air from the sanitary rooms, as well as the depression applied at the level of the conduit 31 which conveys the burnt gases from the heating of the apartment.
  • the ventilation is obtained most of the time by means of the only static elements of the system, constituted by the frustoconical miter (1a) cooperating with the ferrule 46 of FIG. 4 or with the plate 47 provided with a lower deflector of FIG. 5.
  • the device then being provided with a contact hygrostat the possible absence of wind can result in an increase in the humidity level in the evacuation pipe, which causes the automatic starting of the turbine in view of increasing the ventilation.
  • the starting of the turbine can also be obtained by means of a manual switch operated during the hours of use of the kitchen for example, as well as by a clock which ensures an operating program of the ventilation unit.
  • the turbine speed can vary either under the effect of a manual control or under the effect of an automatic control controlled by a hygrostat placed in line 29 which serves the kitchen, the ventilation of this room can be increased either manually or automatically during the hours of operation of this room, without, however, the depression being increased in the ducts serving the sanitary rooms due to the presence of the regulator 36 which controls the ducts 33 and 34, or even in the sheath 31 for evacuating the burnt gases as a result of the relative stability of the vacuum at the entrance to the peripheral mouth 2 which is practically independent of the speed of rotation of the turbine.
  • the variant shown in Figure 5 has the important advantage, thanks to the rotation of the turbine (4a) inside the volute 48, to allow the centrifugation of fatty vapors conveyed by the stale air from the kitchen through the duct 29 or the fumes from the heating which reach through the tube 31 and their condensation on the walls of the volute 48 at the level of which they condense to flow naturally through the tube 51 provided for this purpose at the base of the volute and put in communication with the sewer towards which the pressure which reigns in volute 48 pushes them.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention therefore makes it possible to avoid the asphyxiation accidents observed during the use of known ventilation plants which use a turbine of the squirrel cage type which is freely open to the atmosphere, without the addition of static upper draft member through which the evacuated fatty vapors pass.
  • the blades of the turbine in the shape of a squirrel cage quickly become clogged by the condensation of grease at their level; so that in the event of an interruption in the electrical current, these same fouled turbines oppose the natural draft of the general collector of the building to which each individual heater is connected; which causes the diffusion in the upper stages of the burnt gases coming from the lower stages.
  • Such installations are therefore forced to operate continuously causing considerable energy expenditure, the mechanical draft thus obtained is never relayed by a static draft, which constitutes a danger in the event of a breakdown.
  • the device thus formed is completed at its passage through the roof by the sealing sleeve 52 which facilitates installation and ensures perfect sealing at this level.
  • said cuff is guided on the duct 2 (fig. 4) or 59 (fig. 5) which protrudes from the roof and its base naturally encircles the lead flange 55 whose base participates to the roof covering elements.
  • the upper end of the cuff 52 the length of which is adjusted on demand comes into contact with the bolster (la) which it supports also ensuring at this level the necessary tightness.
  • Such an assembly can therefore be effectively used to constitute a central ventilation unit for all the rooms in the same apartment, including the flue, thus economically replacing the multiple ventilation and draft systems which are currently used and whose operation is expensive because generally permanent, while the centralized system currently proposed makes it possible to ensure ventilation of each room proportioned to its own variable needs according to their cycle of use. daily reading and using the electric power only to the extent that the energy of the winds in this place is not sufficient to create the desired ventilation or thermal draft by means of the static elements that the device also includes.
  • This ventilation assembly can also be supplemented incidentally by the deflector 56 (fig. 9) placed inside the ventilated premises, close to the upper edges at the points where an unfavorable thermal bridge causes humidity.
  • Said deflector 56 constituted by a gutter open on the wall side and furnished with diffusion fins 57 receives the air coming from outside the building, under the effect of the forced ventilation created inside of it by the central ventilation, through the perforation 58 made for this purpose in the wall of the room.
  • the upper vanes 6 can occupy a more or less inclined position relative to the flange which carries them, according to the desired flow rate of the cooling flow of the motor 7.
  • the invention can be used to economically meet the standards of V.M.C. - (Controlled mechanical ventilation) which must operate 24 hours a day.
  • V.M.C. - Controlled mechanical ventilation
  • the whole object of the invention makes it possible to achieve a substantial saving by its possibility of alternately using the winds thanks to its static elements or the simple thermal draft as well as its mechanical elements to create the necessary vacuum. It also allows this by the better automatic distribution of the vacuum obtained between the various ventilated rooms thanks to the regulators introduced on the circuits which automatically isolate certain rooms at the right time for the benefit of others.
  • the sanitary rooms are automatically closed by the use of automatic regulators 36, thus reducing the energy consumed to the only energy necessary for the kitchen.
  • the ventilation at medium level of all the premises resumes automatically after the timed time.

Abstract

A ventilator comprising a rotating plate provided on its lower surface with blades forming a centrifugal turbine surmounting the mouth of a ventilation duct or ducts in whose axis said turbine creates an ascending vortex effect. The aspiration to which the main duct or ducts are subjected is obtained by the rotation of a turbine (4a) comprising a flange (4) and a plurality of blades (10) fastened to lower surface of flange (4). The blades have a trough shape facing away from the direction of rotation of the turbine, the blades having an inner edge that makes an angle of less than 90 degrees with the flange.

Description

Dans la demande de brevet principal N° 79-16182 déposée par le demandeur le 18.6.79 et dont la présente invention constitue un perfectionnement, il a été prévu d'assurer l'aération des locaux et le tirage des cheminées par l'effet de la dépression créée dans le conduit d'aération ou celui de tirage des cheminées de façon indirecte par projection extérieure rapide parallèlement à l'axe dudit conduit d'un courant d'air vertical qui enveloppait un bulbe toroïdal placé à la bouche du conduit et au niveau duquel le courant d'air vertical convenablement dirigé induisait la dépression recherchée, ladite projection du fluide extérieur étant coaxiale avec le conduit, orientée de façon inverse par rapport à la direction du fluide aspiré dans le conduit et tangente à la périphérie extérieure dudit bulbe.In main patent application N ° 79-16182 filed by the applicant on 18.6.79 and the present invention of which is an improvement, provision was made to ensure the ventilation of the premises and the drawing of the chimneys by the effect of the depression created in the ventilation duct or the chimney draft indirectly by rapid external projection parallel to the axis of said duct of a vertical air current which enveloped a toroidal bulb placed at the mouth of the duct and at level at which the properly directed vertical air current induces the desired vacuum, said projection of the external fluid being coaxial with the conduit, oriented in inverse relation to the direction of the fluid drawn into the conduit and tangent to the outer periphery of said bulb.

Un tel dispositif avait en outre pour avantage que le courant d'air vertical descendant ainsi créé par l'organe de ventilation était utilisé pour le refroidissement du moteur d'entraînement dudit organe, le mettant ainsi à l'abri d'un échauffement qui aurait nuit à sa longévité.Such a device also had the advantage that the downward vertical air stream thus created by the ventilation member was used for cooling the drive motor of said member, thus protecting it from overheating which would have harms its longevity.

Or l'étude d'un tel dispositif a amené à con- . stater que la dépression ainsi obtenu à l'intérieur du conduit terminé par ledit bulbe. et soumis au courant d'air vertical descendant créé par un organe de ventilation mécanique le surmontant était due non seulement à l'effet venturi provoqué par la projection tangentielle du courant d'air sur la paroi extérieure du bulbe parallèlement à son axe, mais aussi, et de façon non négligeable, par le tourbillonnement de l'air provoqué par l'organe rotatif de ventilation, à l'intérieur même du conduit d'aération ou de tirage de cheminée, créant selon son axe un véritable effet de trombe ascendante qui contribue pour une grande part à l'effet dépressionnaire recherché.However, the study of such a device has led to. stater that the depression thus obtained inside the conduit terminated by said bulb. and subjected to the downward vertical air current created by a mechanical ventilation device overcoming it was due not only to the venturi effect caused by the tangential projection of the air current on the outer wall of the bulb parallel to its axis, but also , and in a non-negligible way, by the swirling of the air caused by the rotary ventilation member, inside the ventilation duct or chimney draft, creating along its axis a true upward tidal effect which largely contributes to the desired depressant effect.

La présente invention a donc pour but, comme perfectionnement de l'invention citée, de créer un organe mécanique de ventilation qui accroisse ce phénomène tourbillonnaire tout en maintenant l'effet venturi extérieur, sans négliger l'effet statique d'aspiration dû au passage du vent au niveau des organes qui constituent l'extrémité du conduit d'aération ou de tirage des cheminées.The present invention therefore aims, as a refinement of the cited invention, to create a mechanical ventilation member which increases this vortex phenomenon while maintaining the external venturi effect, without neglecting the static suction effect due to the passage of the wind at the level of the members which constitute the end of the ventilation or chimney draft duct.

Ce perfectionnement a été obtenu en modifiant la forme des aubes qui constituaient la turbine de ventilation et en substituant à l'hélice précédemment utilisée une turbine supérieure centrifuge qui coopère avec la turbine principale de ventilation pour le refroidissement du moteur qui l'entraîne.This improvement was obtained by modifying the shape of the blades which constituted the ventilation turbine and by replacing the previously used propeller with a centrifugal upper turbine which cooperates with the main ventilation turbine for cooling the motor which drives it.

Cette même étude a montré que cet effet tourbillonnaire se faisant principalement ressentir dans l'axe du conduit au sommet duquel il était provoqué, il était possible en utilisant des gaines d'aération concentriques d'obtenir des dépressions différentes dans la gaine centrale et dans la gaine périphérique. De même il a été constaté que dans la gaine centrale, soumise à l'effet tourbillonnaire le plus important, la dépression pouvait varier selon la position de l'ouié supérieure de ladite gaine par rapport au plan de rotation de la turbine, la dépression ainsi produite augmentant quand cette distance diminue. Alors que dans la gaine périphérique, moins soumise à cet effet de trombe, la dépression qui y règne est pratiquement indépendante, dans certaines limites, de cette distance et indépendante aussi, dans certaines limites aussi, de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine.This same study showed that this vortex effect being mainly felt in the axis of the duct at the top of which it was caused, it was possible using concentric ventilation ducts to obtain different depressions in the central duct and in the peripheral sheath. Likewise, it has been observed that in the central sheath, subjected to the greatest vortex effect, the depression could vary according to the position of the upper yoke of said sheath relative to the plane of rotation of the turbine, the depression thus produced increasing when this distance decreases. Whereas in the peripheral sheath, less subject to this tornado effect, the depression which reigns there is practically independent, within certain limits, of this distance and independent also, within certain limits also, of the speed of rotation of the turbine.

Cela a permis de mettre au point une véritable centrale de ventilation grâce à laquelle, au moyen d'un unique organe de ventilation muni des aubes objet de l'invention, il est possible de disposer de dépressions différentes et réglables indépendamment l'une de l'autre dans plusieurs conduits d'aération qui peuvent être simultanément mis en communication avec différents locaux au niveau desquels ils assurent une aération·correspondant aux différents besoins de chacun d'eux, selon urr programme qui peut comporter différents paramètres tels que des paramètres horaires aussi bien que d'autres paramètres : l'humidité ou la température par exemple, qui peuvent agir automatiquement sur les différents réglages d'une telle centrale pour régler l'aération de chacun des locaux en fonction de sa destination propre à un instant donné.This has made it possible to develop a true ventilation unit thanks to which, by means of a single ventilation member provided with the blades which are the subject of the invention, it is possible to have different depressions which can be adjusted independently of one of the other in several ventilation ducts which can be simultaneously put in communication with different premises at the level of which they provide ventilation · corresponding to the different needs of each of them, according to our program which may include different parameters such as time parameters also although other parameters: humidity or temperature for example, which can act automatically on the various settings of such a central unit to regulate the ventilation of each of the premises according to its own destination at a given instant.

Ceci présente un avantage particulier pour l'aération des locaux d'habitation ou industriels dont les issues sont munies de systèmes d'étanchéité modernes et dont l'aération ne peut donc être obtenue de ce fait qu'à travers des gaines d'aération prévues à cet effet. Dans certains cas de telles gaines conduisent chacune à un organe mécanique d'aération particulier qui provoque la dépression nécessaire pour chacun de ces circuits. Cela nécessite donc autant d'organes mécaniques de ventilation qu'il y a de locaux à ventiler. En outre l'interconnection de chacun de ces organes, en vue de moduler l'aération de chaque local en fonction de l'aération nécessaire dans les autres locaux, afin d'éviter des siphonna- ges intempestifs, est rendue très difficile.This has a particular advantage for the ventilation of residential or industrial premises whose exits are equipped with modern sealing systems and whose ventilation can therefore only be obtained by means of provided ventilation ducts. for this purpose. In certain cases such sheaths each lead to a particular mechanical ventilation member which causes the vacuum necessary for each of these circuits. This therefore requires as many mechanical ventilation units as there are rooms to be ventilated. In addition, the interconnection of each of these organs, with a view to modulating the ventilation of each room according to the ventilation required in the other rooms, in order to avoid untimely siphoning, is made very difficult.

Dans d'autres cas une centrale de ventilation assure la ventilation simultanée de tous les locaux, le débit dans chacun d'eux étant réglé par des opercules commandant chaque circuit. De telles installations doivent fonctionner 24 heures sur 24 n'ayant aucun moyen de ventilation statique et l'encrassage de leur turbine par l'aspiration des vapeurs chargées de graisse parvenant à supprimer même le tirage thermique.In other cases, a ventilation unit ensures the simultaneous ventilation of all the premises, the flow rate in each of them being regulated by lids controlling each circuit. Such installations must operate 24 hours a day with no means of static ventilation and fouling of their turbine by the suction of vapors loaded with grease, even suppressing thermal draft.

Le dispositif objet de l'invention permet d'éviter ces inconvénients. La turbine qui crée l'effet de trombe qui permet l'obtention de différents niveaux de dépression dans les différentes gaines associées peut coopérer avec des organes statiques de dépression qui permet l'utilisation du vent pour assurer une répartition de l'énergie nécessaire pour la ventilation entre l'énergie électrique et l'énergie naturelle, des accessoires de régulation automatique parachevant la répartition de la ventilation entre les différents locaux.The device which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks. The turbine which creates the downpour effect which makes it possible to obtain different levels of depression in the various associated sheaths can cooperate with static members of depression which allows the use of the wind to ensure a distribution of the energy necessary for the ventilation between electric energy and natural energy, automatic regulation accessories completing the distribution of ventilation between the different rooms.

Les dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemple seulement, montrent un mode de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention ainsi que de certaines de ses applications.

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective de deux aubes ouvertes composant une partie de la turbine objet de l'invention.
  • Les figures 2a, 2b et 2c sont des vues - schématiques en plan, vue de dessous, d'une turbine centrifuge portant les aubes objet de l'invention organisées de différentes manières en vue de créer l'effet tourbillonnaire recherché associé à un effet centrifuge.
  • La figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale diamétrale schématisant les mouvements réciproques des gaz entraînants et entraînés.
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe diamétrale verticale de l'adaptation qui est faite d'un tel dispositif pour l'aération des locaux, dont les éléments moteurs sont placés sur la toiture.
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe diamétrale verticale d'une variante qui est faite d'un tel dispositif pour situer les organes mécaniques à l'intérieur des locaux.
  • La figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe diamétrale verticale de la mitre qui coopère avec la turbine en vue de créer la dépression recherchée aussi bien sous l'effet des vents extérieurs que du courant d'air créé par la turbine.
  • La figure 7 est une vue schématique en perspective écorchée du clapet régulateur destiné à contrôler l'air aspiré dans différents conduits selon les besoins des locaux desservis par lesdits conduits.
  • La figure 8 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale médiane dudit dispositif régulateur selon une variante à double effet.
  • La figure 9 est une vue schématique en plan d'un dispositif assurant l'aération rationnelle des arêtes supérieures des locaux humides.
The accompanying drawings, given by way of example only, show an embodiment of the subject of the invention as well as of some of its applications.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of two open blades forming part of the turbine object of the invention.
  • Figures 2a, 2b and 2c are schematic plan views, bottom view, of a centrifugal turbine carrying the blades object of the invention organized in different ways to create the desired swirl effect associated with a centrifugal effect .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view in diametral vertical section diagramming the reciprocal movements of the entrained and entrained gases.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view in vertical diametral section of the adaptation which is made of such a device for the ventilation of premises, whose driving elements are placed on the roof.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view in vertical diametral section of a variant which is made of such a device for locating the mechanical members inside the premises.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view in vertical diametrical section of the miter which cooperates with the turbine in order to create the desired depression both under the effect of external winds as the air flow created by the turbine.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view in cutaway view of the regulating valve intended to control the air sucked into different ducts according to the needs of the premises served by said ducts.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view in vertical vertical section of said regulating device according to a double-acting variant.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic plan view of a device ensuring the rational ventilation of the upper edges of wet rooms.

Tel qu'il est représenté sur les figures 2a, 2b, 2c, le dispositif objet de l'invention est constitué par la turbine centrifuge ouverte formée par le flasque 4 qui supporte sur sa face inférieure plusieurs séries d'aubes ouvertes en forme de gouttière, telles que 10, 10a et 10b dont la position par rapport aux rayons du flasque 4 qui les porte dépend essentiellement du taux de dépression recherché. Leur position parfaitement radiale (fig. 2b) assure, pour un même nombre de tours de la turbine, et un même sens de rotation donné par la flèche, une dépression inférieure à celle obtenue par la position de la figure 2a dans laquelle la face convexe de chaque aube forme un angle aigu avec la tangente au flasque 4 au niveau de chacune d'elles, mais supérieure à celle obtenue par la position objet de la figure 2c dans laquelle la face convexe de chaque aube forme un angle obtu avec la tangente au flasque 4 au niveau de chacune d'elles, la rotation de ladite turbine s'effectuant toujours dans le sens de la face convexe desdites aubes.As shown in Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, the device object of the invention is constituted by the open centrifugal turbine formed by the flange 4 which supports on its underside several series of open gutter-shaped vanes , such as 10, 10a and 10b, the position of which relative to the spokes of the flange 4 which carries them depends essentially on the desired degree of depression. Their perfectly radial position (fig. 2b) ensures, for the same number of turns of the turbine, and the same direction of rotation given by the arrow, a lower depression than that obtained by the position of FIG. 2a in which the convex face of each blade forms an acute angle with the tangent to the flange 4 at each of them, but greater than that obtained by the object position of FIG. 2c in which the convex face of each blade forms an obtuse angle with the tangent to the flange 4 at each of them, the rotation of said turbine always taking place in the direction of the convex face of said blades.

La longueur de chaque aube, prise dans chacune des séries 10, 10a et 10b par exemple, est telle qu'elles s'imbriquent entre elles selon le dessin des figures 2. Et, selon la figure 1 sur laquelle ne sont représentées que deux aubes diamétralement opposées, le profil de l'aube qui a été créé en vue de produire le meilleur rendement dans le sens de la dépression recherchée, c'est à dire capable de créer le mouvement tourbillonnaire aval le plus intense au niveau de l'ouverture supérieure du conduit équipé du système, est une portion d'hyperbole 21 qui présente un angle asymptotique ouvert vers l'aval dans le sens de rotation de la turbine, l'un des plans de développement dudit angle asymptotique, inférieur à 90°, étant rendu solidaire du flasque 4, l'autre plan 10 de l'asymptote se développant vers le bas à la partie inférieure du flasque 4 de la turbine et se prolongeant au-delà de celui-ci pour se développer selon la même inclinaison jusqu'au dessus de la surface supérieure dudit flasque pour former une aube supérieure inclinée 20.The length of each blade, taken in each of the series 10, 10a and 10b for example, is such that they overlap with each other according to the drawing in Figures 2. And, according to Figure 1 in which only two blades are represented diametrically opposite, the profile of the blade which has been created in order to produce the best efficiency in the direction of the desired depression, ie capable of creating the most intense downstream vortex movement at the level of the upper opening of the duct fitted with the system, is a portion of hyperbola 21 which has an asymptotic angle open downstream in the direction of rotation of the turbine, one of the development planes of said asymptotic angle, less than 90 °, being rendered integral with the flange 4, the other plane 10 of the asymptote developing downward at the bottom of the flange 4 of the turbine and extending beyond it to develop at the same inclination to the top of the upper surface of said flange to form an inclined upper blade 20.

La turbine à effet tourbillonnaire 4a ainsi constituée (fig. 3) étant placée dans le carter cylindrique situé à l'ouie inférieure du tunnel 8 et tournant dans le sens de la flèche (fig. 2) c'est à dire dans le sens de la face convexe des aubes, et coopérant avec la turbine centrifuge créée par les aubes supérieures 6 contenue dans le même carter à la base du tunnel 8, on constate que le flux amont aspiré par ladite turbine supérieure s'organise, grâce à la turbine inférieure (4a) en un courant tourbillonnaire, périphérique, intense, qui enveloppe l'extrémité supérieure du conduit 2 sur lequel ledit dispositif est placé, en créant à l'intérieur de celui-ci et selon son axe une véritable trombe ascendante, aspirante.The vortex turbine 4a thus constituted (FIG. 3) being placed in the cylindrical casing situated at the lower hole of the tunnel 8 and rotating in the direction of the arrow (FIG. 2), that is to say in the direction of the convex face of the blades, and cooperating with the centrifugal turbine created by the upper blades 6 contained in the same casing at the base of the tunnel 8, it can be seen that the upstream flow sucked by said upper turbine is organized, thanks to the lower turbine (4a) in an intense, peripheral, vortex current which envelops the upper end of the duct 2 on which the said device is placed, creating inside it and along its axis a veritable upward, suction downpour.

Cette trombe induite à l'intérieur du conduit 2 par le flux toubillonnaire externe engendré par la turbine 4a est le résultat des effets conjugués de la turbine supérieure 6 qui crée un flux amont orienté vers la base du tunnel 8 parallèlement à son axe, à la périphérie du conduit grâce à l'écran constitué par le flasque 4 et de la turbine 4a qui, à la sortie du tunnel 8 imprime à ce flux amont un effet tourbillonnaire toujours orienté vers le bas, parallèlement à l'axe de l'appareil et enveloppant le conduit 2 au point de créer en son centre l'effet de trombe recherché.This downpour induced inside the duct 2 by the external swirl flow generated by the turbine 4a is the result of the combined effects of the upper turbine 6 which creates an upstream flow oriented towards the base of the tunnel 8 parallel to its axis, at the periphery of the conduit thanks to the screen constituted by the flange 4 and the turbine 4a which, at the exit of the tunnel 8 gives this upstream flow a vortex effect always oriented downwards, parallel to the axis of the device and enveloping the duct 2 to the point of creating the desired tornado effect in its center.

On remarque que le résultat obtenu dépend essentiellement de la distance qui sépare, dans un même tunnel 8, la turbine 4a de la bouche supérieure du conduit inférieur 2, si bien que la longueur du tunnel 8 (représenté en pointillés sur la figure 3) peut être quelconque, aux pertes de charge près, sa prolongation au-dessus de la turbine - (4a) pouvant être nécessaire pour assurer une aspiration constante de fluide frais selon la flèche 22 à la périphérie inférieure du dôme 9 qui coiffe le dispositif, même lorsque l'appareil est utilisé pour l'évacuation de fluide à haute température. Les effets aérodynamiques du dispositif sont matérialisés par la figure 3, sur laquelle on voit la turbine 4a équipée de telles aubes, provoquer au niveau de la sortie supérieure du conduit 2 un effet tourbillonnaire périphrique qui l'enveloppe et qui induit à l'intérieur de celui-ci, dans son axe, un véritable effet de trombe aspirante, ascendante, facilement matérialisée au cours des essais par une projection de fumée.Note that the result obtained essentially depends on the distance which separates, in the same tunnel 8, the turbine 4a from the upper mouth of the lower duct 2, so that the length of the tunnel 8 (shown in dotted lines in FIG. 3) can be any, apart from the pressure drops, its extension above the turbine - (4a) may be necessary to ensure a constant suction of fresh fluid according to arrow 22 at the lower periphery of the dome 9 which covers the device, even when the device is used for the evacuation of fluid at high temperature. The aerodynamic effects of the device are shown in FIG. 3, on which we see the turbine 4a fitted with such blades, causing at the upper outlet of the duct 2 a peripheral swirling effect which envelops it and which induces inside this one, in its axis, a true downpour effect, ascending, easily materialized during the tests by a projection of smoke.

L'expérience montre que l'on atteint ainsi à l'intérieur du conduit 2 une dépression qui est même supérieure à la dépression nécessaire pour le fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage à combustion, ce qui permet d'utiliser un tel dispositif pour l'aération principale des locaux. Et l'on constate que la dépression ainsi obtenue à l'intérieur du conduit 2 varie en fonction de la distance à laquelle se situe la bouche de ce conduit 2 par rapport à la turbine 4a. A tel point qu'un tel dispositif permet la mise en place de deux conduits concentriques 2 et 29 (fig. 3). La dépression dans chacun d'eux peut alors varier par le simple effet du déplacement de la manchette 30 (fig. 4) qui coulisse sur le conduit central 29, ce qui permet d'assurer des débits de ventilation différents dans les conduits 2 et 29, indépendamment de leur section.Experience shows that one thus reaches inside the duct 2 a vacuum which is even greater than the vacuum necessary for the operation of a combustion heater, which makes it possible to use such a device for the main ventilation of the premises. And it can be seen that the vacuum thus obtained inside the duct 2 varies as a function of the distance at which the mouth of this duct 2 is situated with respect to the turbine 4a. So much so that such a device allows the establishment of two concentric conduits 2 and 29 (fig. 3). The vacuum in each of them can then vary by the simple effect of the displacement of the cuff 30 (fig. 4) which slides on the central duct 29, which makes it possible to ensure different ventilation flows in the ducts 2 and 29 , regardless of their section.

Un tel effet de trombe ainsi obtenu à la bouche supérieure d'un simple tube cylindrique s'ajoute à l'effet venturi constaté dû à la présence du courant d'air vertical descendant tangentant extérieurement le bulbe toro'iOal 1 prévu dans la demande du brevet principal cité et dont la forme est avantageusement modifiée pour être constituée par l'élément tronconique (la) dont la surface extérieure est formée par les gradins curvilignes horizontaux 27.Such a tornado effect thus obtained at the upper mouth of a simple cylindrical tube is added to the venturi effect observed due to the presence of the downward vertical air current tangent externally to the toro'iOal bulb 1 provided for in the request of the main patent cited and whose shape is advantageously modified to be constituted by the frustoconical element (la) whose outer surface is formed by the horizontal curved steps 27.

Il est aussi avantageux que cette mitre (1a) soit construite en ciment, ce qui permet sa fixation rapide, sans outillage particulier, au sommet de tout conduit d'aération ou de fumée bâti au moyen de matériaux de maçonnerie, par la simple interposition d'un liant de mortier.It is also advantageous that this bolster (1a) is constructed of cement, which allows its rapid fixing, without special tools, to the top of any ventilation or smoke duct constructed by masonry materials, by the simple interposition of 'a mortar binder.

Les ondes curvilignes parallèles 27 qui forment la paroi extérieure de cette mitre tronconique (1a) assurent l'inflexion des veines d'air qui l'entourent lorsqu'elle est soumise aux vents naturels dont la direction n'est pas horizontale, ce qui permet d'obtenir au niveau de la bouche supérieure de la mitre un effet venturi pratiquement constant pour des vents dont la direction s'écarte de 30° environ de part et d'autre de l'horizontale.The parallel curvilinear waves 27 which form the outer wall of this frustoconical miter (1a) ensure the inflection of the air veins which surround it when it is subjected to natural winds whose direction is not horizontal, which allows to obtain at the level of the upper mouth of the miter a practically constant venturi effect for winds whose direction deviates from approximately 30 ° on either side of the horizontal.

L'effet venturi ainsi produit au niveau de la bouche supérieure de la mitre (1 a) est encore accru par la présence à ce niveau de la portion de cylindre 3 qui présente à sa partie supérieure une arête vive extérieure selon la figure 6. Cette arête peut être aussi bien constiuée par un anneau métallique inséré dans le mortier de fabrication de la dite mitre (1 a), qui peut être aussi fabriquée entièrement métallique.The venturi effect thus produced at the level of the upper mouth of the miter (1 a) is further increased by the presence at this level of the portion of cylinder 3 which has at its upper part an external sharp edge according to FIG. 6. This edge can also be constituted by a metal ring inserted in the mortar for manufacturing said miter (1 a), which can also be made entirely of metal.

D'autre part on remarque que le prolongement supérieur 20 des aubes de la turbine 4a, coopérant avec le tunel 8 à t'ou'të inférieur duquel elles se trouvent situées assure le refroidissement du moteur 7 par l'aspiration de l'air extérieur selon les flèches 22, créant autour du moteur 7 un courant d'air qui participe ensuite à l'effet tourbillonnaire engendré par la turbine 4a.On the other hand it is noted that the upper extension 20 of the blades of the turbine 4a, cooperating with the tunnel 8 at the lower ou'të of which they are located ensures the cooling of the motor 7 by the suction of outside air according to the arrows 22, creating around the motor 7 an air current which then participates in the swirling effect generated by the turbine 4a.

Le dispositif étant ainsi constitué on constate que la dépression obtenue dans les conduits concentriques 2 et 29 est telle que le débit d'air qu'elle provoque permet d'assurer simultanément l'aération de plusieurs locaux aussi bien que l'extraction des fumées de l'installation de chauffage qu'ils comportent. Cette possibilité de constituer ainsi une centrale d'aspiration est en outre facilitée par la possiblité qui vient d'être décrite de faire varier la dépression obtenue dans chacun des conduits par le simple positionnement de leur bouche par rapport à la turbine principale 4a.The device being thus constituted, it can be seen that the vacuum obtained in the concentric conduits 2 and 29 is such that the air flow which it causes makes it possible to simultaneously ventilate several rooms as well as extract the smoke from the heating installation which they comprise. This possibility of thus constituting a central vacuum is further facilitated by the possibility which has just been described of varying the vacuum obtained in each of the conduits by the simple positioning of their mouth relative to the main turbine 4a.

Selon la figure 4, l'ensemble d'aspiration constitué par la turbine 4a, animée par le moteur 7 situé à l'intérieur du tunnel 8, et surmontant les conduits verticaux concentriques 2 et 29 munis de la mitre (1 a), est situé à l'extérieur de la toiture de l'immeuble.According to FIG. 4, the suction assembly constituted by the turbine 4a, driven by the motor 7 located inside the tunnel 8, and surmounting the concentric vertical conduits 2 and 29 provided with the bolster (1a), is located outside the building's roof.

Le conduit central 29 est mis en communication directe avec le local qui doit bénéficier du plus grand débit de ventilation, la cuisine par exemple, par le conduit 30. L'installation de chauffage au niveau de laquelle la dépression doit être inférieure à la précédente pour éviter l'excès de tirage est mise en relation par la gaine 31 avec le conduit périphérique 2 dont la bouche se situe à un niveau inférieur à celle du conduit 29 par rapport à la turbine 4a, ce qui la soumet à une dépression inférieure.The central duct 29 is placed in direct communication with the room which must benefit from the greatest ventilation flow, the kitchen for example, by the duct 30. The heating installation at the level of which the vacuum must be lower than the previous one for avoid excess draft is connected by the sheath 31 with the peripheral duct 2 whose mouth is located at a level lower than that of the duct 29 relative to the turbine 4a, which subjects it to a lower vacuum.

Ce conduit périphérique 2 peut déboucher dans l'organe creux, généralement sphérique, 32 sur la paroi diamétralement opposée duquel débouche simultanément le conduit de chauffage 31 ainsi que les conduits 33 et 34 qui communiquent avec les locaux sanitaires dans lesquels l'aération nécessite un débit moindre que dans la cuisine par exemple qui reste directement reliée au conduit central 29 qui bénéficie de la plus haute dépression.This peripheral duct 2 can open into the hollow, generally spherical member 32 on the diametrically opposite wall which simultaneously opens the heating duct 31 as well as the ducts 33 and 34 which communicate with the sanitary rooms in which ventilation requires flow less than in the kitchen for example which remains directly connected to the central duct 29 which benefits from the highest depression.

On constate alors que l'effet tourbillonnaire créé à l'intérieur du conduit 2. se perpétue jusqu'à l'intérieur de la chambre sphérique 32 et facilite l'entraînement des gaz brûlés et de l'air vicié au niveau réciproquement desdits conduits 31, 33 et 34, selon la flèche 60 (fig. 4).It can then be seen that the swirling effect created inside the duct 2. is perpetuated up to the interior of the spherical chamber 32 and facilitates the entrainment of the burnt gases and the stale air at the reciprocal level of said ducts 31 , 33 and 34, according to arrow 60 (fig. 4).

Le dispositif est complété par le régulateur 35 de type connu installé sur le conduit 2 afin d'éviter que la dépression créée par simple effet venturi par les vents qui balayent la mitre 26 ne crée un excès de dépression en particulier dans le conduit 31 d'évacuation des gaz brûlés.The device is completed by the regulator 35 of known type installed on the duct 2 in order to prevent the depression created by simple venturi effect by the winds which sweep the miter 26 from creating an excess of depression in particular in the duct 31 of evacuation of burnt gases.

En outre chacun des conduits secondaires 33 et 34 est muni sur son parcourt du régulateur spécial 36, objet des figures 7 et 8. Ledit régulateur est constitué par le coffre de forme générale parallélépipédique 37 à l'intérieur duquel le cadre 38 peut se déplacer par rotation autour de son côté supérieur horizontal 40. Une étanchéité suffisante est assurée sur la totalité de la périphérie du cadre 38 à l'intérieur du coffre 37 de façon à assurer le passage de l'air uniquement à l'intérieur du cadre 38 qui est maintenu dans une position déterminée par les crans 39, la base dudit cadre parcourant à la base le secteur circulaire 61.In addition, each of the secondary conduits 33 and 34 is provided on its route with the special regulator 36, which is the subject of FIGS. 7 and 8. Said regulator is constituted by the generally rectangular box 37 inside which the frame 38 can be moved by rotation around its horizontal upper side 40. Sufficient sealing is provided over the entire periphery of the frame 38 inside the trunk 37 so as to ensure the passage of air only inside the frame 38 which is maintained in a position determined by the notches 39, the base of said frame traversing at the base the circular sector 61.

Au niveau du même axe 40 est pendue une feuille souple 41, de tissus par exemple, dont la surface est inférieure à la surface totale du cadre 38 mais supérieure au vide de ce même cadre.At the same axis 40 hangs a flexible sheet 41, of fabrics for example, the surface of which is less than the total surface of the frame 38 but greater than the vacuum of this same frame.

Un tel dispositif étant interposé dans une canalisation d'aspiration de manière que l'air le parcoure dans le sens indiqué par les flèches 42 et 43, on comprend que pour une certaine dépression la feuille souple 41 sera aspirée et viendra plaquer contre le cadre 38 contre lequel elle sera retenue par la grille centrale 44 obturant ainsi le passage à ce niveau. Alors que pour une dépression inférieure la feuille 41 laissera librement passer l'air à sa périphérie et à travers le cadre 41. Ce résultat peut être obtenu pour des dépressions différentes suivant l'inclinaison donnée au cadre 38 retenu par les crans 39.Such a device being interposed in a suction pipe so that the air passes through it in the direction indicated by the arrows 42 and 43, it is understood that for a certain depression the flexible sheet 41 will be sucked and will press against the frame 38 against which it will be retained by the central grid 44 thus closing the passage at this level. Whereas for a lower depression the sheet 41 will allow air to pass freely at its periphery and through the frame 41. This result can be obtained for different depressions depending on the inclination given to the frame 38 retained by the notches 39.

De plus, selon la figure 8, un tel dispositif peut être utilisé à double effet. Pour cela le coffre 37 est muni intérieurement de deux cadres 38 et 45 articulés autour du même axe horizontal supérieur 40 et entre lesquels est pendue la feuille souple 41.In addition, according to Figure 8, such a device can be used with double effect. For this, the trunk 37 is internally provided with two frames 38 and 45 articulated around the same upper horizontal axis 40 and between which the flexible sheet 41 is hung.

Une telle disposition permet, comme il vient d'être dit, de régler par la position du cadre 38 la dépression créée par la centrale de ventilation, en même temps qu'elle permet, par le réglage de la position du second cadre 45 d'éviter le siphonne- ment qui pourrait survenir dans le cas où, du fait de l'orientation du local desservi, la dépression naturelle créée à son niveau extérieurement par les vents qui l'enveloppent viendrait à être supérieure à celle entretenue par les éléments mécaniques ou statiques de la centrale de ventilation ainsi réalisée.Such an arrangement makes it possible, as has just been said, to adjust by the position of the frame 38 the depression created by the ventilation unit, at the same time as it allows, by adjusting the position of the second frame 45 to avoid siphoning which could occur in the event that, due to the orientation of the room served, the natural depression created at its level externally by the winds which envelop it would come to be greater than that maintained by the mechanical elements or statics of the ventilation unit thus produced.

Cependant l'organisation, selon la figure 4, de l'ensemble des éléments mécaniques de la centrale de ventilation au-dessus de la toiture nécessite leur fabrication en matériaux inoxydables, ce qui est onéreux. C'est pourquoi il est prévu aussi de les installer sous la toiture, selon la figure 5, seuls les éléments statiques restant dans ce cas extérieurs. Cela permet de diminuer le prix de revient de l'ensemble.However, the organization, according to FIG. 4, of all the mechanical elements of the ventilation unit above the roof requires their manufacture in stainless materials, which is expensive. This is why it is also planned to install them under the roof, according to FIG. 5, only the static elements remaining in this case exterior. This reduces the cost price of the whole.

Dans ce cas, seule la conduite de refoulement 49 émerge de la toiture où elle est coiffée par la mitre (1a) qui coopère avec les éléments statiques connus 47. Sa partie inférieure est raccordée à la bouche bée du volute 48, qui joue ici le rôle de la chambre 32, et à l'intérieur duquel est mise en rotation la turbine 4a dans l'axe de laquelle débouche la conduite 29 concentrique de l'ouverture périphérique 2.In this case, only the discharge pipe 49 emerges from the roof where it is capped by the bolster (1a) which cooperates with the known static elements 47. Its lower part is connected to the open mouth of the scroll 48, which here plays the role of the chamber 32, and inside which the turbine 4a is rotated in the axis of which the pipe 29 concentrically opens out from the peripheral opening 2.

Le moteur 7 situé dans le tunnel 8 reçoit l'air frais extérieur aspiré par la turbine dorsale 6. Et le régulateur 63 placé à l'entrée du tunnel 8 évite l'excès de tirage qui pourrait être dû à la conjonction de la dépression créée par les éléments statiques avec celle engendrée par les éléments dynamiques du système.The motor 7 located in the tunnel 8 receives the fresh outside air sucked in by the dorsal turbine 6. And the regulator 63 placed at the entrance of the tunnel 8 prevents excess draft which could be due to the conjunction of the depression created by the static elements with that generated by the dynamic elements of the system.

La chambre 50, dont l'ouïe d'aspiration est constituée par l'ouverture 2 est donc soumise à la dépression qui règne en ce point par suite du même effet tourbillonnaire précédemment décrit.The chamber 50, the suction opening of which is formed by the opening 2 is therefore subjected to the vacuum which prevails at this point as a result of the same vortex effect previously described.

Cette chambre assure la répartition de la dépression au niveau des conduits 33 et 34 à travers le régulateur commun 36, qui acheminent l'air vicié ou humide des pièces sanitaires, ainsi que la dépression appliquée au niveau du conduit 31 qui achemine les gaz brûlés du chauffage de l'appartement.This chamber distributes the depression at the level of the conduits 33 and 34 through the common regulator 36, which convey the stale or humid air from the sanitary rooms, as well as the depression applied at the level of the conduit 31 which conveys the burnt gases from the heating of the apartment.

Dans l'une ou l'autre des deux variantes représentées par les figures 4 et 5 la ventilation est obtenue la majeure partie du temps au moyen des seuls éléments statiques du système, constitués par la mitre tronconique (1a) coopérant avec la virole 46 de la figure 4 ou avec le plateau 47 muni d'un déflecteur inférieur de la figure 5.In one or the other of the two variants represented by FIGS. 4 and 5 the ventilation is obtained most of the time by means of the only static elements of the system, constituted by the frustoconical miter (1a) cooperating with the ferrule 46 of FIG. 4 or with the plate 47 provided with a lower deflector of FIG. 5.

Le dispositif étant alors muni d'un hygrostat à contact l'absence éventuelle de vent peut se traduire par un accroissement du taux d'humidité dans la conduite d'évacuation, ce qui provoque le démarrage automatique de la turbine en vu d'accroître la ventilation. Le démarrage de la turbine peut aussi être obtenu au moyen d'un interrupteur manuel manoeuvré pendant les heures d'utilisation de la cuisine par exemple, ainsi que par une horloge qui assure un programme de fonctionnement de la centrale de ventilation.The device then being provided with a contact hygrostat the possible absence of wind can result in an increase in the humidity level in the evacuation pipe, which causes the automatic starting of the turbine in view of increasing the ventilation. The starting of the turbine can also be obtained by means of a manual switch operated during the hours of use of the kitchen for example, as well as by a clock which ensures an operating program of the ventilation unit.

De plus la vitesse de la turbine pouvant varier soit sous l'effet d'une commande manuelle soit sous l'effet d'une commande automatique contrôlée par un hygrostat placé dans la conduite 29 qui dessert la cuisine, la ventilation de ce local peut être accrue soit manuellement soit automatiquement pendant les heures de service de ce local, sans que pour autant la dépression se trouve accrue dans les gaines desservant les locaux sanitaires par suite de la présence du régulateur 36 qui contrôle les gaines 33 et 34, ni même dans la gaine 31 d'évacuation des gaz brûlés par suite de la stabilité relative de la dépression à l'entrée de la bouche périphérique 2 qui est pratiquement indépendante de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine.In addition, the turbine speed can vary either under the effect of a manual control or under the effect of an automatic control controlled by a hygrostat placed in line 29 which serves the kitchen, the ventilation of this room can be increased either manually or automatically during the hours of operation of this room, without, however, the depression being increased in the ducts serving the sanitary rooms due to the presence of the regulator 36 which controls the ducts 33 and 34, or even in the sheath 31 for evacuating the burnt gases as a result of the relative stability of the vacuum at the entrance to the peripheral mouth 2 which is practically independent of the speed of rotation of the turbine.

Par ailleurs la variante représentée par la figure 5 présente l'avantage important, grâce à la rotation de la turbine (4a) à l'intérieur du volute 48, de permettre la centrifugation des vapeurs grasses véhiculées par l'air vicié provenant de la cuisine à travers le conduit 29 ou les fumées du chauffage qui parviennent à travers le tube 31 et leur condensation sur les parois du volute 48 au niveau desquelles elles se condensent pour s'écouler naturellement à travers le tube 51 prévu à cet effet à la base du volute et mis en communication avec l'égout vers lequel la pression qui règne dans le volute 48 les pousse.Furthermore the variant shown in Figure 5 has the important advantage, thanks to the rotation of the turbine (4a) inside the volute 48, to allow the centrifugation of fatty vapors conveyed by the stale air from the kitchen through the duct 29 or the fumes from the heating which reach through the tube 31 and their condensation on the walls of the volute 48 at the level of which they condense to flow naturally through the tube 51 provided for this purpose at the base of the volute and put in communication with the sewer towards which the pressure which reigns in volute 48 pushes them.

On remarque en outre que" cette centrifugation et cette condensation des vapeurs grasses s'effectuent sans qu'a-l'intérieur du volute 48 les sections être retrécies par leur encrassement, ce qui permet de comprendre qu'en cas d'arrêt même prolongé, de la turbine (4a) par suite d'une panne de courant électrique, le tirage thermique naturel continuera toujours à fonctionner à travers le conduit général d'évacuation 49 de sorte qu'à aucun moment il ne peut y avoir refoulement des gaz brûlés dans les conduits desservant les locaux sanitaires si même de telles centrales sont organisées dans les différents appartements d'un même immeuble et branchés sur un même conduit général d'évacuation.It is further noted that "this centrifugation and this condensation of the fatty vapors is carried out without the inside of the volute 48 the sections being narrowed by their fouling, which makes it possible to understand that in the event of a stop even prolonged , of the turbine (4a) due to an electrical power failure, the natural thermal draft will always continue to operate through the general exhaust duct 49 so that at no time can there be any discharge of the burnt gases in the conduits serving the sanitary premises if even such central units are organized in the various apartments of the same building and connected to the same general evacuation conduit.

Le dispositif objet de l'invention permet donc d'éviter les accidents d'asphyxie constatés lors de l'emploi des centrales de ventilation connues qui utilisent une turbine du type cage d'écureuil librement ouverte sur l'atmosphère, sans l'adjonction d'organe statique de tirage supérieur et traversée par les vapeurs grasses évacuées. Dans de telles installations en effet les pales de la turbine en forme de cage d'écureuil s'encrassent rapidement par la condensation des graisses à leur niveau ; de sorte qu'en cas d'interruption du courant électrique ces mêmes turbines encrassées s'opposent au tirage naturel du collecteur général de l'immeuble sur lequel chaque chauffage individuel est branché ; ce qui provoque la diffusion dans les étages supérieurs des gaz brûlés provenant des étages inférieurs. De telles installations sont donc obligées de fonctionner de façon continuelle provoquant une dépense considérable d'énergie, le tirage mécanique ainsi obtenu n'étant jamais relayé par un tirage statique, ce qui constitue un danger en cas de panne.The device which is the subject of the invention therefore makes it possible to avoid the asphyxiation accidents observed during the use of known ventilation plants which use a turbine of the squirrel cage type which is freely open to the atmosphere, without the addition of static upper draft member through which the evacuated fatty vapors pass. In such installations, in fact, the blades of the turbine in the shape of a squirrel cage quickly become clogged by the condensation of grease at their level; so that in the event of an interruption in the electrical current, these same fouled turbines oppose the natural draft of the general collector of the building to which each individual heater is connected; which causes the diffusion in the upper stages of the burnt gases coming from the lower stages. Such installations are therefore forced to operate continuously causing considerable energy expenditure, the mechanical draft thus obtained is never relayed by a static draft, which constitutes a danger in the event of a breakdown.

Le dispositif ainsi constitué est complété au niveau de son passage en toiture par la manchette d'étanchéité 52 qui facilite la pose et assure une parfaite étanchéité à ce niveau. En effet grâce aux moletages circulaires 53 et 54 ladite manchette est guidée sur le conduit 2 (fig. 4) ou 59 (fig. 5) qui dépasse de la toiture et sa base vient naturellement enchasser la colerette de plomb 55 dont l'embase participe aux éléments de couverture de la toiture. Et l'extrémité supérieure de la manchette 52, dont la longueur est ajustée à la demande vient au contact de la mitre (la) qu'elle supporte assurant aussi à ce niveau l'étanchéité nécessaire.The device thus formed is completed at its passage through the roof by the sealing sleeve 52 which facilitates installation and ensures perfect sealing at this level. In fact, thanks to the circular knurls 53 and 54, said cuff is guided on the duct 2 (fig. 4) or 59 (fig. 5) which protrudes from the roof and its base naturally encircles the lead flange 55 whose base participates to the roof covering elements. And the upper end of the cuff 52, the length of which is adjusted on demand comes into contact with the bolster (la) which it supports also ensuring at this level the necessary tightness.

Un tel ensemble peut donc être efficacement utilisé pour constituer une centrale d'aération de tous les locaux d'un même appartement y compris le conduit de fumée, se substituant ainsi de façon économique aux multiples organes de ventilation et de tirage qui sont actuellement utilisés et dont le fonctionnement est onéreux parce que généralement permanent, alors que le système centralisé actuellement proposé permet d'assurer une ventilation de chaque local proportionnée à ses propres besoins variables selon leur cycle d'utilisation quotidienne et n'utilisant l'énrgie électrique que dans la mesure où l'énergie des vents en ce lieu n'est pas suffisante pour créer la ventilation désirée ou le tirage thermique au moyen des éléments statiques que le dispositif comporte aussi.Such an assembly can therefore be effectively used to constitute a central ventilation unit for all the rooms in the same apartment, including the flue, thus economically replacing the multiple ventilation and draft systems which are currently used and whose operation is expensive because generally permanent, while the centralized system currently proposed makes it possible to ensure ventilation of each room proportioned to its own variable needs according to their cycle of use. daily reading and using the electric power only to the extent that the energy of the winds in this place is not sufficient to create the desired ventilation or thermal draft by means of the static elements that the device also includes.

En outre, grâce à l'efficacité du refroidissement du moteur 24 qui entraîne la turbine 4a et qui n'est jamais en contact avec les gaz chauds, aucune détérioration des organes mécaniques ou électriques n'est à craindre si même ce sont des gaz à haute température qui sont extraits par ce moyen.In addition, thanks to the efficiency of the cooling of the engine 24 which drives the turbine 4a and which is never in contact with the hot gases, no deterioration of the mechanical or electrical members is to be feared even if they are high temperature which are extracted by this means.

Cet ensemble de ventilation peut en outre être complété accessoirement par le déflecteur 56 (fig. 9) placé à l'intérieur des locaux ventilés, proche des arêtes supérieures dans les points où un pont thermique défavorable provoque des apports d'humidité. Ledit déflecteur 56, constitué par une gouttière ouverte côté mur et garnie d'ailettes de diffusion 57 reçoit l'air provenant de l'extérieur du bâtiment, sous l'effet de la ventilation forcée créée à l'intérieur de celui-ci par la centrale d'aération, à travers la perforation 58 pratiquée à cet effet dans la paroi du local.This ventilation assembly can also be supplemented incidentally by the deflector 56 (fig. 9) placed inside the ventilated premises, close to the upper edges at the points where an unfavorable thermal bridge causes humidity. Said deflector 56, constituted by a gutter open on the wall side and furnished with diffusion fins 57 receives the air coming from outside the building, under the effect of the forced ventilation created inside of it by the central ventilation, through the perforation 58 made for this purpose in the wall of the room.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple ou aux exemples qui en ont été décrits, toute variante, considérée comme une équivalence, ne pouvant en modifier la portée.The invention is not limited to the example or examples which have been described, any variant, considered as an equivalence, which cannot modify its scope.

C'est ainsi que les aubes supérieures 6 peuvent occuper une position plus ou moins inclinées par rapport au flasque qui les porte, suivant le débit recherché du flux de refroidissement du moteur 7.Thus, the upper vanes 6 can occupy a more or less inclined position relative to the flange which carries them, according to the desired flow rate of the cooling flow of the motor 7.

L'invention peut être utilisée pour satisfaire de façon économique aux normes de la V.M.C. - (Ventilation mécanique contrôlée) qui doit fonctionner 24 heures sur 24. L'ensemble objet de l'invention permet de réaliser une économie substantielle par sa possibilité d'utiliser alternativement les vents grâce à ses élements statiques ou le simple tirage thermique aussi bien que ses éléments mécaniques pour créer la dépression nécessaire. Il le permet aussi par la meilleure répartition automatique de la dépression obtenue entre les différents locaux aérés grâce aux régulateurs introduits sur les circuits qui isolent automatiquement au moment convenable certains locaux au profit des autres.The invention can be used to economically meet the standards of V.M.C. - (Controlled mechanical ventilation) which must operate 24 hours a day. The whole object of the invention makes it possible to achieve a substantial saving by its possibility of alternately using the winds thanks to its static elements or the simple thermal draft as well as its mechanical elements to create the necessary vacuum. It also allows this by the better automatic distribution of the vacuum obtained between the various ventilated rooms thanks to the regulators introduced on the circuits which automatically isolate certain rooms at the right time for the benefit of others.

C'est ainsi que l'on peut établir le bilan économique du système en affectant une durée de 10 heures environ par jour en fonctionnement purement statique gratuit, 7 heures en fonctionnement dynamique contrôlé par un hygrostat ou une horloge, et 7 heures durant lesquelles seuls les locaux les plus exposés sont l'objet de la ventilation à débit maximum sous le contrôle de sondes hygros- tatiques ou ";10 contacts mannelsThis is how the economic balance sheet of the system can be established by allocating a duration of approximately 10 hours per day in purely static free operation, 7 hours in dynamic operation controlled by a hygrostat or a clock, and 7 hours during which only the most exposed rooms are subject to ventilation at maximum flow rate under the control of hygrostatic sensors or "; 10 manual contacts

Par exemple aux heures de repas la mise en service de la cuisine sous l'effet d'une minuterie entraîne la fermeture automatique des locaux sanitaires par le jeu des régulateurs automatiques 36, réduisant ainsi l'énergie consommée à la seule énergie nécessaire pour la cuisine, la ventilation à niveau moyen de l'ensemble des locaux reprenant automatiquement après le temps minuté.For example, during meal times, when the kitchen is put into operation under the effect of a timer, the sanitary rooms are automatically closed by the use of automatic regulators 36, thus reducing the energy consumed to the only energy necessary for the kitchen. , the ventilation at medium level of all the premises resumes automatically after the timed time.

Claims (15)

1 °) -Dispositif permettant d'assurer l'aération des locaux, leur désenfumage en cas d'incendie, l'évacuation des fumées chargées de graisses ou corrosives ainsi que le tirage des cheminées, selon une ventilation variable et contrôlée des différents locaux d'un même ensemble, comportant un plateau rotatif muni à sa surface inférieure d'aubes formant turbine centrifuge surmontant la bouche du ou des conduits d'aération dans l'axe duquel ladite turbine crée un effet de trombe ascendante selon la revendication 4 du brevet principal N° 79-16182, Caractérisé par le fait que la dépression forcée à laquelle sont soumis le ou les conduits principaux est obtenue par la rotation de la turbine (4a) constituée par les aubes (10) fixées à la surface inférieure du flasque (4) et qui présentent une forme de gouttière dont le profil est une portion d'hyperbole (21) dont l'angle asymptotique inférieur à 90° est ouvert vers l'aval dans le sens de rotation de la turbine, l'un des plans de développement dudit angle asymptotique étant solidaire de la face inférieure du flasque (4), l'autre plan (10) de l'angle asymptotique se développant vers le bas et se prolongeant au-delà du flasque (4) pour se développer selon la même inclinaison jusqu'au dessus de la surface supérieure dudit flasque pour former à ce niveau une aube supérieure (20), la rotation de ladite turbine s'effectuant dans le sens de la face convexe des aubes qu'elle porte.1 °) -Device allowing the ventilation of the premises, their smoke extraction in the event of fire, the evacuation of fumes laden with grease or corrosives as well as the draft of the chimneys, according to a variable and controlled ventilation of the various premises d '' a single assembly, comprising a rotary plate provided at its lower surface with blades forming a centrifugal turbine surmounting the mouth of the air duct (s) in the axis of which said turbine creates an upwind effect according to claim 4 of the main patent N ° 79-16182, Characterized by the fact that the forced depression to which the main duct (s) are subjected is obtained by the rotation of the turbine (4a) constituted by the blades (10) fixed to the lower surface of the flange (4 ) and which have a gutter shape whose profile is a portion of hyperbola (21) whose asymptotic angle less than 90 ° is open downstream in the direction of rotation of the turbine, one of the planes of development of udit asymptotic angle being integral with the underside of the flange (4), the other plane (10) of the asymptotic angle developing downward and extending beyond the flange (4) to develop at the same inclination up to the top of the upper surface of said flange to form at this level an upper blade (20), the rotation of said turbine taking place in the direction of the convex face of the blades which it carries. 2°) -Dispositif selon la revendication 1, Caractérisé par le fait que les aubes (10a) et (10b) sont associées aux aubes 10, sur la face inférieure du flasque (4) de telle manière qu'elles s'imbriquent entre elles.2 °) -A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades (10a) and (10b) are associated with the blades 10, on the underside of the flange (4) so that they overlap with one another . 3°) -Dispositif selon la revendication 2, Caractérisé par le fait que chacune des aubes telles que (10), (10a) et (10b) est organisée radialement sur le flasque (4) qui les porte.3 °) -Device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the blades such as (10), (10a) and (10b) is organized radially on the flange (4) which carries them. 4°) -Dispositif selon la revendication 2, Caractérisé par le fait que chacune des aubes est organisée sur le flasque (4) de telle manière que la face convexe de chaque aube (10), (10a) ou (10b) forme un angle aigu avec la tangente au flasque - (4) qui les porte, au niveau de chacune d'elles.4 °) -A device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the blades is organized on the flange (4) in such a way that the convex face of each blade (10), (10a) or (10b) forms an acute angle with the tangent to the flange - (4) which carries them, at the level of each of them. 5°) -Dispositif selon la revendication 2, Caractérisé par le fait que chacune des aubes est organisée sur le flasque (4) de telle manière que la face convexe de chaque aube (10), (10a) et (10b) fasse un angle obtu avec la tangente au flasque 4 qui les porte, au niveau de chacune d'elles.5 °) -A device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the blades is organized on the flange (4) in such a way that the convex face of each blade (10), (10a) and (10b) makes an angle obtuse with the tangent to the flange 4 which carries them, at the level of each of them. 6°) -Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3, 4 ou 5, Caractérisé par le fait que la face supérieure du flasque (4a) porte les aubes radiales (6) qui coopèrent avec les aubes périphériques (20).6 °) -Device according to any one of claims 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the upper face of the flange (4a) carries the radial blades (6) which cooperate with the peripheral blades (20). 7°) -Dispositif selon la revendication 6, Caractérisé par le fait que le moteur (7) qui entraîne la turbine (4a) est placé dans le tunnel (8) prolongé au niveau de la turbine par un plateau et à travers lequel passe l'air de refroidissement dudit moteur aspiré par les aubes supérieures (6) de ladite turbine.7 °) -A device according to claim 6, characterized in that the motor (7) which drives the turbine (4a) is placed in the tunnel (8) extended at the level of the turbine by a plate and through which passes the cooling air of said engine sucked by the upper vanes (6) of said turbine. 8°) -Dispositif selon la revendication 7, Caractérisé par le fait que ladite turbine (4a) est placée dans l'axe et à proximité du ou des conduits à l'intérieur du ou desquels sa rotation crée un effet tourbillonnaire, aspirant.8 °) -Dispositif according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that said turbine (4a) is placed in the axis and near the or conduits inside or of which its rotation creates a vortex effect, suction. 9°) -Dispositif selon la revendication 8,. Caractérisé par le fait que le conduit (29) situé à l'intérieur du conduit principal (2), concentriquement à celui-ci et à l'intérieur duquel se produit l'effet de trombe tourbillonnaire aspirante est réglable en hauteur au moyen de la manchette mobile (30) afin de régler sa proximité par rapport à la turbine (4a) en vue de régler la dépression que celle-ci crée à l'intérieur dudit conduit.9 °) -Device according to claim 8 ,. Characterized by the fact that the duct (29) located inside the main duct (2), concentrically thereto and inside which the effect of the aspirating whirlpool is produced, is adjustable in height by means of the movable cuff (30) in order to adjust its proximity to the turbine (4a) in order to adjust the vacuum that the latter creates inside said duct. 10°) -Dispositif selon la revendication 9, Caractérisé par le fait que l'extrémité supérieure du conduit principal est coiffée par la mitre tronconique (1 a) dont la surface extérieure présente une succession de gradins curvilignes (27), son arête supérieure, qui correspond à sa petite base, se présentant à l'extrémité du col cylindrique (3) dont l'arête extérieure au moins est une arête vive.10 °) -Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the upper end of the main duct is capped by the frustoconical miter (1a) whose outer surface has a succession of curvilinear steps (27), its upper edge, which corresponds to its small base, occurring at the end of the cylindrical neck (3) whose outer edge at least is a sharp edge. 11°) -Ensemble de ventilation comportant le dispositif conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, Caractérisé par le fait que le conduit principal (2), à l'intérieur duquel est appliquée la dépression dûe à l'effet tourbillonnaire induit par la rotation de la turbine (4a), débouche à sa partie inférieure dans la chambre sphérique (32), à l'intérieur de laquelle débouchent aussi les conduits secondaires (31), - (33) et (34) qui assurent réciproquement le tirage de l'organe de chauffage et l'aération des locaux secondaires tels que locaux sanitaires.11 °) -Ventilation assembly comprising the device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main duct (2), inside which is applied the vacuum due to the swirl effect induced by the rotation of the turbine (4a), opens at its lower part in the spherical chamber (32), inside which also open the secondary conduits (31), - (33) and (34) which reciprocally ensure the drawing of the heating and ventilation element of secondary premises such as sanitary premises. 12°) -Ensemble de ventilation selon la revendication 11, Caractérisé par le fait que chacun des conduits secondaires (33) et (34) comporte, en un point quelconque de son parcours, un régulateur d'aspiration tel que (36) qui est constitué par le coffre parallélépipédique (37), à l'intérieur duquel est arti- culépar son côté supérieur horizontal (40) le cadre (38) qui occupe toute la section droite dudit coffre et peut se déplacer à l'intérieur de celui-ci, de façon étanche à sa périphérie, depuis la position verticale jusqu'à différentes positions inclinées dans lesquelles il est retenu par les crans (39) qui maintiennent ledit cadre dans une position déterminée ; ledit cadre (38), qui comporte en son centre une grille (44), coopérant avec la feuille souple de tissus (41) pendue au même niveau que l'axe de rotation (40) du cadre (38) et d'une surface inférieure audit cadre ; ledit coffre communiquant de part et d'autre dudit cadre avec l'un des conduits secondaires (33) ou (34) par ses ouïes (42) et (43).12 °) -A ventilation assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that each of the secondary ducts (33) and (34) comprises, at any point of its course, a suction regulator such as (36) which is constituted by the parallelepipedic trunk (37), inside of which is articulated by its horizontal upper side (40) the frame (38) which occupies the entire cross section of said trunk and can move inside thereof , sealingly at its periphery, from the vertical position to various inclined positions in which it is retained by the notches (39) which hold said frame in a determined position; said frame (38), which comprises in its center a grid (44), cooperating with the flexible sheet of fabric (41) hung at the same level as the axis of rotation (40) of the frame (38) and of a surface lower than said frame; said box communicating on either side of said frame with one of the secondary conduits (33) or (34) by its gills (42) and (43). 13°) -Ensemble de ventilation conforme à la revendication 12, Caractérisé par le fait que le régulateur d'aspiration (36) comporte à l'intérieur du coffre (38) un double cadre (38) et (45) munis chacun d'une grille centrale et tous deux articulés selon l'axe supérieur horizontal (40), une feuille unique de tissus (41), d'une surface inférieure auxdits cadres étant pendue au niveau dudit axe (40) entre les deux cadres (38) et (45).13 °) -A ventilation assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that the suction regulator (36) has inside the trunk (38) a double frame (38) and (45) each provided with a central grid and both articulated along the horizontal upper axis (40), a single sheet of fabric (41), with a surface lower than said frames being hung at said axis (40) between the two frames (38) and (45). 14°) -Ensemble de ventilation conforme à l'ensemble des revendications 9 et 12, Caractérisé par le fait que le conduit principal (49) qui porte à sa partie supérieure la mitre (1a) est en communication à sa partie inférieure avec le volute (48) à l'intérieur duquel est situé la turbine (4a) dont le moteur (7) est ventilé à travers l'ouïe munie du modérateur connu (63), l'ouïe principal d'aspiration du volute (48) étant en communication à travers le conduit (2) avec la chambre (50) qui communique elle-même directement avec le conduit de fumée (31) et à travers le régulateur (36) avec les conduits (33) et (34) d'aération des locaux sanitaires, le conduit (29), qui assure l'aération la plus importante, étant situé au centre du conduit (2) et débouchant à proximité de la turbine (4a) à une distance d'elle réglable suivant la dépression recherchée; le volute (48) étant par ailleurs muni à sa base du conduit (51) permettant l'évacuation des graisses condensées sur la paroi dudit volute sous l'effet de la centrifugation des gaz viciés provoquée par la turbine (4a).14 °) -Ventilation assembly according to all of claims 9 and 12, Characterized by the fact that the main duct (49) which carries at its upper part the bolster (1a) is in communication at its lower part with the volute (48) inside which is the turbine (4a) whose motor (7) is ventilated through the hearing provided with the known moderator (63), the main suction hearing of the volute (48) being in communication through the duct (2) with the chamber (50) which in turn communicates directly with the smoke duct (31) and through the regulator (36) with the ducts (33) and (34) for ventilating the sanitary rooms, the duct (29), which provides the greatest ventilation, being located in the center of the duct (2) and opening near the turbine (4a) at a distance from it adjustable according to the desired vacuum; the volute (48) being moreover provided at its base with the conduit (51) allowing the evacuation of greases condensed on the wall of said volute under the effect of the centrifugation of stale gases caused by the turbine (4a). 15°) -Ensemble de ventilation conforme à l'ensemble des revendications précédentes, Caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte accessoirement le déflecteur (56) en forme de gouttière muni des ailettes de diffusion (57) plaqué sur la paroi extérieure du local à aérer au niveau d'une ouverture (58) pratiquée dans ladite paroi et la traversant en vue de faire pénétrer de l'air extérieur que le déflecteur (56) dirige vers l'arête supérieure de la pièce à proximité duquel ladite ouverture (58) est pratiquée.15 °) -Ventilation assembly according to all of the preceding claims, characterized in that it incidentally comprises the deflector (56) in the form of a gutter provided with diffusion fins (57) plated on the outer wall of the room to ventilate at the level of an opening (58) made in said wall and passing through it in order to allow outside air to enter which the deflector (56) directs towards the upper edge of the part near which said opening (58) is practiced.
EP86401107A 1985-06-03 1986-05-26 Ventilation apparatus for rooms and draught inducer for chimney outlets Expired - Lifetime EP0204611B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86401107T ATE52607T1 (en) 1985-06-03 1986-05-26 VENTILATION DEVICE FOR ROOMS AND TRACTION GENERATOR FOR CHIMNEYS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8508697 1985-06-03
FR8508697A FR2587458B2 (en) 1979-06-18 1985-06-03 DEVICE FOR VENTILATING PREMISES AND DRAWING CHIMNEYS

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EP0204611A2 true EP0204611A2 (en) 1986-12-10
EP0204611A3 EP0204611A3 (en) 1988-03-09
EP0204611B1 EP0204611B1 (en) 1990-05-09

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EP86401107A Expired - Lifetime EP0204611B1 (en) 1985-06-03 1986-05-26 Ventilation apparatus for rooms and draught inducer for chimney outlets

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US (1) US4759272A (en)
EP (1) EP0204611B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE52607T1 (en)
CA (2) CA1298132C (en)
DE (1) DE3671096D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8708049A1 (en)
PT (1) PT82694B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992014100A1 (en) * 1989-12-19 1992-08-20 ABB Fläkt Oy A method of and a device for mechanically removing gas from a room space
DE4001849A1 (en) * 1990-01-12 1991-07-18 Langner Horst Chimney fitted with extension and fan - incorporates collar to reduce noise emitted by fan unit
WO2007145545A2 (en) * 2006-06-15 2007-12-21 Jovan Babic Insert for prevention of return of odours from air ventilating installations
WO2007145545A3 (en) * 2006-06-15 2008-11-06 Jovan Babic Insert for prevention of return of odours from air ventilating installations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0204611B1 (en) 1990-05-09
US4759272A (en) 1988-07-26
ES8708049A1 (en) 1987-09-01
CA1298132C (en) 1992-03-31
DE3671096D1 (en) 1990-06-13
EP0204611A3 (en) 1988-03-09
ATE52607T1 (en) 1990-05-15
CA1314753E (en) 1993-03-23
PT82694B (en) 1992-07-31
ES554225A0 (en) 1987-09-01
PT82694A (en) 1986-07-01

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