FR2691789A1 - Improvements to the devices ensuring the distribution and automatic regulation of air flows, in particular for the ventilation of premises. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for regulating the ventilation of premises comprising a flexible flat membrane (11) embedded on one of its sides inside the trunk (12) on its upper wall between the two opposite openings (18 ) and (19) that it comprises, said membrane bending under the effect of the air current passing through said trunk, to more or less seal one of the openings (18) or (19), its resistance to bending being made different according to its direction of stress by the presence of the stops (13) and (15) of different length on either side of its embedding, this difference can be increased by the presence of perforations of said membrane at the stop closest to the installation.

Description

IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTRIBUTION DEVICES AND

  AUTOMATIC REGULATION OF AIR FLOWS, PARTICULARLY FOR

VENTILATION OF PREMISES.

  On the outskirts of modern or old renovated dwellings, the facades are thermally insulated and the frames are fitted with seals,

  in order to save energy.

  The relative tightness thus obtained causes, in confined dwellings, excess condensation and mold which deteriorates the frame and the furniture and is harmful for the health of the occupants, more particularly

  during the periods when the windows remain closed.

  For this, provision has been made for the organization of aeration device ensuring, in accordance with the regulations, a general renewal of the permanent air but controlled so as to ensure in each room the necessary flow according to its destination (living room , bathroom,

  kitchen, WC) and the time of use (meal times among others).

  For this, a device is known for automatically controlling the air flow rate passing through each ventilation opening of the premises, said device consisting of a box located at each said opening and itself comprising, on both sides. other, two openings which can be alternately and more or less closed, depending on the direction and the speed of the air current passing through it, by a flexible membrane placed in a stable equilibrium position being hung freely between the two openings of said box But it has been noticed that the flexibility of said membrane does not allow perfect regulation, the slightest air current passing through this device causing the obturation almost

  total of the corresponding opening.

  The present invention therefore relates to improvements to a

  such a device so as to obtain a regulation as modulated as possible.

  For this, the membrane placed between the two openings of the box which equips each opening of the room is no longer a flexible membrane but is a flexible flat membrane organized in such a way that it has a different flexural strength according to the direction of the current. requesting air In addition, an adjustable stop device makes it possible to limit its bending angle in a variable manner so as to control the surface of the opening

  closed by the membrane thus flexed.

  Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the regularization effect of

  the ventilation of the premises produced by the device which is the subject of the invention.

  Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of the device

  automatic regulation object of the invention.

  Figure 2a is a schematic plan view (bottom view) of

  flexible membrane attachment system.

  Figure 2b is a schematic cross-sectional view of the

  cleat for anchoring said membrane.

  Figure 3 is a schematic view in vertical cross section

  of the safe containing the device according to figure 2.

  Figure 4 is a schematic view in vertical cross section

  said trunk showing the adjustable stop modifying the ventilation surface.

  Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a box containing the ventilation adjustment device according to Figure 2

  and organized to be placed in the hearing of a ventilation duct.

  Figures 6 A and 6 S are schematic cross-sectional views of a trunk containing the adjustment device according to Figure 2

  placed inside the profiles of a metal joinery.

  Figure 7 is a schematic view in vertical cross section of a box containing the ventilation control device according to Figure 5 inverted. FIG. 8 is a schematic view in vertical transverse section of a variant comprising the articulation edge of the regulation membrane

in the lower part of said trunk.

  Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of an application of the

  Figure 8 device on either side of the same wall.

  Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a case

  particular use of the device of FIG. 8.

  Figure 11 is an exploded view of the device according to the application of

Figures 9 and 10.

  FIG. 1 shows by way of example a multi-storey building equipped with ventilation systems The air renewal is ensured by an air flow controlled by means of various mechanical or static devices mainly consisting of: improved devices clean air inlet 1 improved waste air outlet devices 2 air exhaust ducts from kitchens 3 and toilets and bathrooms 4

  mechanical extractors 5 and 6.

  The improved clean air inlet devices 1 are arranged on orifices made on the outer walls of so-called dry rooms, such as bedrooms, living room, living room, especially on joinery

tall 7.

  The improved waste air outlet devices 2 are arranged at the ventilation openings of so-called wet rooms, in particular on the openings 8 connected to the collective duct 3 of the kitchens, and to the collective duct 4 of the WCs.

and bathrooms.

  The air extractors, placed at the top of the ducts 3 and 4, of the mechanical-static type which can operate mechanically or statically, conforming to standards, suck in these ducts to provide, depending on their slow or fast operating speed, a flow rate of reduced or intensive overall air distributed in each room by means of each control device

  individual placed at each entry or exit ventilation opening.

  The present invention relates to the improvement of the air inlet 1 and air outlet 2 devices in order to better distribute in each

  housing the overall flow rate provided by extractors 5 or 6.

  These improvements allow a first factory adjustment of the flow rate of each device with a possibility of additional adjustment, when it is put in place on the site, taking into account ad hoc needs which may vary according to the possible porosity of the conduits due to their

  leaks or according to regulatory constraints for example.

  In addition to this regulatory role, these devices provide better security and better protect the health of residents by spontaneously opposing disturbances caused by the wind, thanks in particular to the improved non-return and anti-blowing capabilities of these devices. 1 B, lc in FIG. 1 schematically reproduce the chronological evolution of the flows as a function of the nature of the aeration devices installed. They justify the complementarity of all of the

  components in three configurations.

  Graph U shows the intensity of ventilation at the level of

  different floors not yet equipped with control devices.

  Graph 1 B shows the intensity of ventilation at the different floors after installation of air extractors 5 or 6 at the top

collective conduits 3 and 4.

  Graph lc shows the intensity of ventilation at the different stages after complete installation of the various ventilation production units 5 or 6 and of the various aforementioned devices 1,2,3,4

  specific control of each room.

  According to graph Aa, which shows the case where the extraction in the conduits 3 and 4 is due to the only thermal effect, a clearly insufficient flow is observed, which decreases from the bottom upwards, until

  risk being void at higher levels.

  According to graph Ab, which shows the case (Aa) in windy weather benefiting from a weak venturi effect at the outlet of the conduits 3 and 4, the result is reversed. There is still insufficient flow at the level of the upper dwellings, although slightly better, which decreases from top to bottom until it risks being almost zero at the lower level. On this type of duct not or poorly equipped with an outlet device, we often observe backdrafts of used air at the level of the upper storey housing as shown schematically at 9 in case Aa and at 10 in

the case Ab.

  These disturbances generally come from the excessive pressure drop resulting, among other causes, from non-performing extractors, not

  comply with the standard at the outlet of the conduits.

  According to the graph Ba, which shows the case where the extraction in the conduits 3 and 4 is assisted by an efficient venturi extractor (engine stopped), there is a marked thermal flow at the level of the lower housings, especially in cold weather. improved that from the bottom up, well

  that diminishing in the higher levels, remains however sufficient.

  According to graph Bb, which shows the case where the extraction in the conduits 3 and 4 is assisted by the same static extractor swept by the wind, we note at the outlet of the conduit (engine stopped) that the result is reversed and we observe at level of the upper dwellings a flow frankly improved, which from top to bottom, although decreasing in

  the lower levels, remains largely sufficient.

  According to graph Bc, which shows the case where mechanical extractors

  statics 5 and 6 placed at the top of conduits 3 and 4 are driven by their motor, we observe the same proportional result from top to bottom, as in windy weather (case Bb), but with frankly excessive flows, especially in housing on upper levels We can see from the graphs Ba, Bb, Bc on these partially equipped conduits, sufficient or excessive flow rates and which therefore require to be distributed and metered. In each of the graphs Ca and Cb, which both show an installation fully equipped with extractors 5 and 6 at the top of the conduits 3 and 4 as well as control devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 at each room, it can be seen that the flow is identical on all stages, whether in

  reduced walking speed (Ca) or intensive walking (Cb).

  This distribution and this dosage is the result of the improvement of the complementary air inlet and outlet devices, object of this

patent.

  The accompanying drawings are only non-limiting examples of such devices and show some applications of the object of the invention in the production of air inlet and outlet modules, which can be used

  also for the improvement of existing modules.

  The improvement, object of the invention, represented by FIG. 2 essentially comprises a device allowing the flexible membrane II to have a different flexural strength depending on the direction (front or rear) in which it is stressed by the current. air flowing through

  trunk 12 in which it is placed and which is here partially shown.

  For this, according to said Figure 2, the flexible membrane 11, which is retained at one of its horizontal ends by the stop 13 by means of the pins 14 against which it is retained embedded by the removable stop 15

  (fig 2 and 2 a) which staples by its claw shape at the rear of the stop 13.

  This assembly is introduced into the trunk 12 the stop 13 being secured to the plate 16 introduced into the upper wall of the trunk 12 by translation, guided by the dovetails bordering it The membrane 11, present at this assembly thus retained in the trunk 12, will be able to flex according to two levels of bending

  separate distant in a different way from its embedding area.

  According to FIGS. 2 and 2b, it is in fact confirmed that the diaphragm 11 urged towards the front of the trunk 12 will bend while bearing on the removable stop 15, while when urged rearward it will bend while resting on the fixed stop 13 which exceeds in the necessary proportion the removable stop 15, thus offering in this case a smaller free surface and thereby a higher bending torque than when said membrane is

biased forward.

  Two coefficients of flexibility are thus obtained depending on whether said

  membrane will be stressed according to the direction of the air current which crosses it.

  In order to increase this difference in resistance to bending in the direction of stress of the membrane 11, the latter is provided with the openings 17 (fig 2) located at the level of the lower edge of the removable stop 15, the closest of the embedding, further reducing at this level the flexural strength of the said membrane by substantially reducing the material constituting it The lower edge of the fixed stop 13, the most distant from the embedding is, on the contrary, located beyond this lights area 17

  imposing at this level a flexural strength greater than the previous one.

  Such a device being located inside the trunk 12 (FIGS. 2, 3 and 4) it can be seen that the membrane 11 can close the front opening 18 under the effect of a weak return of air current coming from from inside the duct and can bend backwards under the effect of a vacuum coming from the ventilation ducts, more or less closing the rear opening 19 to the point of crossing it (fig 4 ) allowing free passage of air

towards said conduits.

  This rearward bending movement can be limited by the horizontal movable bar 20 placed across the rear opening 19 and against which the base of the membrane 11 may abut in its bending movement (fig 3). bar 20 can be moved vertically parallel to itself inside the opening 19 so as to modify the flexion angle of the membrane 11 necessary to bring it into contact with

said bar.

  The position of the latter can even be high enough to allow the free passage of the base of the membrane 11 through

opening 19 (fig 4).

  This adjustment can be made definitively in the factory according to the destination of the assembly considered. It can also be carried out by the user according to the intensity of the ventilation he wishes according to the state of humidity of the room. the latter case (fig 2) the bar 20 can be operated manually by means of the cord 21, the bar 20 being

  fitted with counter spring (s) 12.

  It is understood that thus constituted the device allows different shutter coefficients according to the direction of air circulation as a result of an automatic modification of the flexibility of the membrane according to the direction in which it is stressed, its bending angle being itself variable, as required

  immediate ventilation, depending on the position of the movable stop 20.

  Such a device which ensures two values of resistance to bending of the same membrane as a function of the different situation of its bending zone relative to its embedded end, can function indifferently that said membrane is suspended (fig 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 relating to the openings to the exhaust air exhaust ducts) or is placed on edge at the base of the trunk 12 so that its bending also takes place in two distinct zones according to its direction of

  stress (fig 6, 7, 8, 9 and -10).

  These different figures in fact constitute variants of the device, the trunk 12 possibly having a substantially truncated parallelepiped shape (FIGS 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7) according to the reference 2 of FIG. 1,

  or of elongated prism (fig 6,8,9,10 and 11) according to the reference 1 of figure 1.

  In the latter case the trunk 12 is composed of the main element 23 shown broken in Figure 11, where we see the plate 24 which carries the cradle 25, on which the membrane 11 rests by its lower edge, and the stop 13 located relative to said cradle so as to increase the flexural strength of the membrane 11 when the latter is biased towards said plate which has the rear opening 26 A third opening 27 is provided which is provided with the filter 28 comprising a support rigid, perforated, preferably semi-cylindrical in shape, capable of being lined internally with a fine grid This filter 28 covers the opening 27 of the trunk 23 on which it is retained by the dovetails 30 located on each

of its extreme generators.

  The same filter 28 can be placed at the opening 18 of the

trunk 23.

  Note that the filter 28, which plays its role of filtering the air admitted according to FIG. 9, can be automatically cleaned of its impurities (fig 10) when the wind, penetrating through the opening 18 and pushing the membrane Il against opening 16, passes through said filter 28 from the inside

trunk 23.

  We also note that the filter 28, placed at the opening 27 of the trunk 23 (fig 9) on the inner face of the frame 35, creates a certain pressure drop necessary so that, in the event of backflow of air from the local to

  the exterior, the membrane It is urged to seal the opening 26.

  This same pressure drop created by the filter 28 plays a role similar to the

  level of the same device 23 placed outside the same frame.

  Thus constituted, the device can be placed, according to FIG. 1, at the upper part of the frames; such a device that can be placed both outside and inside said frame 35 (fig 9) Produced according to FIG. 8 it can also be introduced inside the metal elements extruded from metal joinery 34 (fig 6) inside which, whatever their profile (6 A and 6 B for example), said trunk 23 integrates perfectly, the air flow which circulates through the interstices left without joints of the elements metallic being controlled by the membrane 11

thus introduced into its circuit.

  In this case the filtration member 28 can be placed at the level of the openings 33 arranged in said metal joinery 34, on their external facade, in line with the opening 18 of the built-in trunk 23 (FIG. 6), said filtration member 28 comprising on each of its end flanks the radial slot 31 open in the axis of the cylinder, which allows its elastic compression, and at its outer periphery, on either side of said flanks, the pins 32 close to the tails dovetail 30, which cooperate with the latter to retain said member in said openings 33 in which it is

snapped in.

  It is therefore seen that the device, object of the request, introduced in each of the variants described by way of example allows, thanks to the freedom of flexion of the membrane 11 towards the orifice 18 of the trunk which contains it, to oppose almost instantaneously with any discharge of the air current from the rear to the front in the case of figure, whether it is a return of air coming from the duct towards the room or from the room towards the outside And, conversely, thanks to the increase in the flexural strength of the membrane II by the presence of the stop 13, the device makes it possible, in each case, to control and measure the access in the premises of the fresh air coming from the outside to the room or from the room to the duct The ease of temporary or final adjustment of the flow rate is obtained by moving the bar

  20 which limits the flexing of the membrane 11.

  The same result is obtained in the case of FIGS. 5 and 7, the membrane 11 making it possible in this case to control the suction through the

conduit 3.

  It is therefore thus possible to organize in a rational and hygienic manner the ventilation of an apartment by metering by the prior position of the bar 20 the exchanges of fresh air from each of the premises of this apartment according to the nature of the occupancy of each of these premises (laundry, kitchen, bathroom), and by giving the possibility of modifying these exchanges for each local according to the activity exercised in each according to the hour of occupation (meal times, hours toilet, etc.) thanks to the displacement of the bar 20, carried out either manually by means of the cord 21, or by any automatic means of thermostatic or hygrometric control or any other, so as to adjust

  the entry of fresh air as a function of temperature or humidity.

  This regulation of the ventilation of each room of the same apartment obviously makes it possible to organize with the same ease the regulation of the ventilation of the different floors of the same building so as to obtain the regularity of flow shown by the diagram lc of the

figure 1.

Claims (3)

  1) Improvement of the ventilation regulation device, in particular of premises, comprising a membrane contained in a box provided with two openings facing each other and between which said membrane is retained by one of its horizontal sides and has the freedom to oscillate freely under the effect of the air flow which crosses said trunk to more or less seal one of these openings in the direction of the air flow, characterized in that the flexible membrane (11) has a flat surface and is retained in the trunk (12), provided with the opposite openings (18) and (19), so that it has a resistance to bending   different depending on the direction in which it is stressed by the air flow.   ) Improvement to the device for regulating ventilation, in particular premises, according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat membrane (11) is embedded at one of its horizontal sides between two stops (13) and (15 ), one lla (13) for example being longer than the other so as to modify the installation length of said membrane according to the direction in which it is stressed, thus modifying in each of the directions of bending the torque at which said membrane (11) is subject.   3) Improvement of the ventilation regulation device, in particular of premises, according to claim 2, characterized in that the difference in flexural strength of the membrane (11) is increased by the presence of lights (17) made in said membrane at its fulcrum on the shortest stop (15) and substantially reducing at this point the surface of the remaining material so that its bending takes place at this line of lights (17) in the direction o the membrane (11) rests on this stop (15) and operates beyond this zone of the lights in the direction where said membrane bears on the stop (13)   furthest from the installation.   ) Improvement to the ventilation regulation device,   in particular premises, according to any one of claims 2 or 3,   characterized in that the membrane (11) is retained by tenons (14) on the stop (13) against which it is immobilized by the removable stop (15) in the shape of a claw which encloses said stop (13) which is itself even integral with a plate (16) introduced into the upper wall of the trunk (12) by   translation, guided by the dovetails bordering said plate.    ) Improvement to the ventilation regulation device,   in particular premises, according to any one of claims 2 or 3,   characterized in that the flexible membrane (11) is laid on edge at the base of the trunk (12).   ) Improvement to the ventilation regulation device,   in particular premises, according to any one of claims 1 to 4,   characterized in that the displacement of the membrane (11) in the direction of its greatest flexural strength is limited by a bar (20) placed horizontally across the rear opening (19) and whose height position is adjustable being subject to a manual or automatic action linked   to a temperature or humidity control device.   7) Improvement of the ventilation regulation device, in particular of premises, according to claim 5, characterized in that the trunk (12) is in the form of an elongated prism (23) capable of being introduced into the interior of extruded elements of metal joinery (34).   8) Improvement to the device for regulating ventilation, in particular premises, according to claim 7, characterized in that the membrane (11), being laid on the cradle (25) located at the base of the vertical plate (24 ) of the trunk (23), has its resistance to increased bending by the stop (13) in its bending to reach the rear opening (26) of said   plate (24), under the effect of the wind penetrating through the opening (18) of said trunk.   ) Improvement of the ventilation regulation device, in particular of premises, according to claim 8, characterized in that the trunk (23) has at its upper part an opening (27) capped by a rigid, perforated filter, of semi-cylindrical shape ( 28) which is lined internally by a fine grid and which is retained on said trunk (23) at said opening (27) by means of the dovetails (30) located   on each of the extreme generatrices of said filter (28).    ) Improvement to the device for regulating ventilation, in particular premises, according to claim 9, characterized in that the filter (28) has on each of its end flanks a radial slot (31) and at its outer periphery, on either side of said sides, lugs (32) close to the male dovetails (30), which cooperate with the latter to allow its retention by snap-fastening at any opening such as the opening (27) of the boot (23) outside a frame (35) and the opening (33) of a metal joinery (34) in which the trunk (12) is inserted.