FR2521698A1 - Cellular load-bearing building blocks - have ventilation and air intake shafts formed by juxtaposition of blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

Four different types of block (1-4) four vertical ducts (5-8) divided into two independent air circuits. Used air enters the system at the top, travels down the inside end duct, rises up the other end duct and makes a high level exit to the outside. This flows heats or cools the two walls of the interior duct which is the fresh air intake, reducing losses to the ventilated building. The bottom block (2) has at least six stiffening ribs (9) that increase the bearing surface and prevent the block from shearing.

Description

Supporting elements with cells forming by juxtaposition a ventilation and air intake duct o
The present invention relates to ventilation and air supply, natural or mechanical, obligatory in various premises.

 For ventilations and air intakes known to date, the ducts are single on the facade or on the roof, or are in the central position.Each ventilation of the room requires a duct on the roof with a stump with the resulting obligations: passage in the ceiling, and the roof and flooding in ploMb of the said strain.

 The present invention overcomes these drawbacks with a device which allows its incorporation as the perimeter walls are built, st eliminates the inconvenience of passage and creation of stump in the roof.

The supporting elements constitute a sheath in which the same secti @@ idemtique conduits are felt which provide independent circuits: the ventilatiem of stale air to be evacuated on the one hand, and the new air intake on the other hand. inside a room, the stale air intake takes place in a duct located at the end of the duct created, in the upper part, this air descends along the said duct, passes through a bottom element designed for this purpose, then remented in the conduit located at the opposite end. to be evacuated in the upper part of the exterior facade. Outside the premises, the new air intake takes place. in a duct located in the central part of the sheath created at the level of its lower part, reion in the said duct passing through a high element designed for this purpose, then descends in a second central duct to exit in the lower part at the inside the room,
The supporting elements are different according to their function. The first bottom element is hollow over its entire internal volume, but has stiffeners which not only determine the position of the walls forming the conduits, but also provide a greater bearing surface. which is necessary to avoid crushing and above all to allow uniform distribution of the load.

 The second bottom element has conduits, those at the ends are open on both sides, the central conduits are closed on the lower part, forming a base with a protruding rise delimiting the section of the air passage.

 The intermediate support element comprises cenduits of identical section and open on both sides, the edges of the longitudinal sides have inking ears, which allows the connection with the materials used during construction.

 The high element overseeing the sheath has cenduits, those at the ends are open @ on their lower part and on the faces to ensure stale air intakes, the c @ mtrale part is hollow with stiffeners playing the same role as those located in the lower element, the upper part is closed and has projecting drop-offs delimiting the section of the air passage.

 The sheath is formed by the juxtaposition of these different elements, given that its variable height at the option of the user, is determined by a variable member of intermediate elemants.

It is given by way of nonlimiting example and for a better understanding of the invention, an embodiment and variants referring to the appended drawings:
Figure 1 = Perspective view of the intermediate element.

Figure 2 = Sectional view of the intermediate element
Figure 3 n Perspective view of the first bottom element.

 Figure 4 = Sectional view of the first bottom element.

 Figure 5 = Perspective view of the second bottom element.

Figure 6 n Section view of the second bottom element
Figure 7 = Perspective view of the tall element
Figure 8 = Sectional view of the top element.

 Figure 9 n View of the sheath mounting principle.

 Figure 10 n Sectional view of the sheath with adaptation of an electric extractor.

 Figure il n Perspective view of an element of convex or concave shape.

 Figure 12 n Perspective view of a diamond-shaped element.

 Figure 13 n Perspective view of an element of convex and concave shape.

 Figure 14 s Perspective view of an element of the same type augmented by other cells.

 Figure 15 = Perspective view of an element of the same type increased by several cells.

 Figures 1 and 2 show a perspective view and section of the intermediate carrier element (1): it comprises 4 cells (5) (6) (7) (8) with identical section and open on both sides other. Its juxtaposition forms conduits in which stale air and new air will circulate.

Figures 3 and 4 show a perspective and sectional view of the first bottom element (2): it is hollow, and has 6 stiffeners (9), the role of which has been explained in the general description, the section shows the path of stale air from duct (5) to duct (8
Figures 5 and 6 show a perspective and sectional view of the second bottom element (3): it has 4 cells (5) (6) (7) (8), the cells (5) and (8) are open from the side and other to allow the passage of stale air in the direction defined in section.

The central cells (6) and (7) are closed on the lower base (10) and have a projecting rise (16) which makes it possible to delimit the section of the air intake and forms a chaining between the walls, the base , and the faces, this makes it possible to avoid shearing at the level of the base (10) and of the conduits.

 Figures 7 and 8 show a perspective and sectional view of the top element (4). The superimposed elements (2) (3) (1), the latter element (1) being of variable number, constitute an assembly which goes further crowned by the element (4) thus producing a sheath.

Said element (4) comprises 4 cells (3) (6) (7) (8) closed on the upper base (13). Between the cell (6) (7) the intermediate wall is removed so as to allow the passage of new air between the conduits (6) and (7). but has 2 stiffeners (9). the alveoli (3) and (ss) are open on the 2 faces at (14) and (15) to allow the entry and exit of stale air. On the upper bases of the alveoli (5) and (8 ) are found the same projecting fallout (16) playing here the same role as in the element (3), given that they will ensure at the same time easy mounting of the grids.

 Figure (9) shows a sectional view of the sheath created: the juxtaposition of the different elements is represented: first bottom element (2), second bottom element (3), intermediate element (1), and lastly the top element (4), the superimposed cells form conduits, and all of the elements constitute a ventilation duct and a supply of cut air described in the general description.

Stale air enters the upper part (15) of the duct (5) and exits in the upper part (16) of the duct (8), the new air enters the lower part (12) of the duct (7) and comes out in the lower part (ll) of the duct (6).

 FIG. 10 represents a sectional view of the sheath created and in particular of a variant by the possibility of adapting an electric extractor (17) placed on the opening (15) of the conduit (5), thus making it possible to have forced ventilation if necessary, which explains the design of the element (2), which leaves a volume high enough to avoid any hissing of air when using said extractor.

 Figures 11, 12 and 13 show a perspective view of intermediate elements and in particular of a variant of various forms without limitation, the low and high elements automatically take the same forms as the intermediate elements. The assembly of the duct as well as the stale and new air circuits are carried out as described in the general description.

FIG. 14 represents a perspective view of an intermediate element, and in particular of a variant comprising 6 cells, the principle of mounting the sheath and the stale air and new air circuits are as described in the general description , but with an evacuation and supply of air from the collecting ducts (18) and (19)
In this variant the new air brought in through the conduit (18) from a basement, enters the conduit (7) and exits through the conduit (6), the stale air enters from inside the premises through the conduit (5) and exits via the conduit (8) in the collecting conduit (19) to then be evacuated outside the room. This type of element will be used for the construction of ventilation and air supply systems in collective buildings.

 FIG. 15 represents a perspective view of an intermediate element and in particular of a variant comprising 10 cells allowing the evacuation and the supply of air from two adjoining rooms by the cell ducts (18) and (19). The ventilation of stale air and the supply of fresh air are carried out as described in FIG. 14, for each room to be ventilated, taking into account that a single double duct is used for these said adjoining rooms.

The materials used are of the conventional construction materials type, in particular vibrated cement, terracotta, and concrete.
The realization and in particular the assembly of this ventilation duct are simple.

Its integration into the perimeter walls can be carried out as the construction is of the traditional or prefabricated type, given that this sheath constitutes at the same time as a load-bearing element of the said wall, a ventilation sheath and air supply, performing 2 functions and therefore reducing the real cost of compulsory ventilation in different rooms
The possibility of condensation in the central part provides an advantage, since the new air comes out @ slightly humidified.

 The load-bearing elements are of geometric shape, in particular square, rectangular, lozenge, carcle or hexagon or else with convex or concave parts to allow easy use in premises having walls of various shapes. The dimensions of the said elements as well as the number of cells can vary according to the needs of the construction, while keeping the same ventilation and air supply system as described in the general description.

Claims (8)

- CLAIMS 1, Ventilation and air supply system characterized in that it consists of carrier elements with cells (1) (2) (3) (4), the juxtaposition of which forms a sheath in which are created the conduits (3) (6) (7) (8), which determine two independent circuits whose exhaust air tempers by the walls the incoming outside air, which aims to reduce the losses of a room to ventilate . 2, ventilation and air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier element consists of at least four ducts (5) (6) (7) (8) so that the ventilation stale air can, by working from top to bottom in one of the conduits placed on one of the ends (5) rise in the conduit (8) having heated or cooled the two walls of the interior conduits (6) and (7 ).  3. Ventilation and air supply system according to claim t, characterized in that the carrier element (1) is an intermediate element comprising at least four non-closed cells on either side.  4. ventilation and air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier element (2) is a first low element comprising at least six stiffeners (9) whose role is to increase the surface bearing, to avoid its crushing, to allow the passage of air from the duct (5) to the duct (8), and to predetermine the location of the walls constituting the cells.  5. ventilation and air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier element (3) is a second bottom element comprising at least four cells, those of the ends (5) (8) of which are open on both sides (fig 5 and 6), and whose central cells (6) (7) are closed on the lower bottom.  6. ventilation and air supply system according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the central cells (6) (7) of the element (3) have a bottom (10) constituting a base which allows distribute the load evenly, and the openings of which are located on both sides (11) (12) to ensure the intake of outside air in (6) and the outlet of interior air in (7).  7. ventilation and air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier element (4) is a high element consisting of at least four closed cells zur the upper base (13), and of which the central part (6) (7) ensuring the passage of air, comprises stiffeners (9). The cells (5) (8) located on the end and open on the two faces (14) (15) to ensure the internal air intake at (14) and the external air set at (13).  S. Ventilation and air supply system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the adaptation in (13) of an electric extractor (17) constitutes mechanical and individual ventilation of a local um to be ventilated (fig 10)  9. ventilation and air supply system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier elements are made either of vibrated cement, or terracotta, or concrete.  10. A ventilation and air supply system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier elements are of geometric shape such as square, rectangle, rhombus, hexagon, circle, and also with parts either concave or convex, which allows them to be adapted to constructions regardless of their shape.  11. A ventilation and air supply system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting elements (1) (2) (3) (4) constituting by juxtaposition a sheath comprising several cells v form collecting ducts (fig 14 and 15) to ventilate adjoining rooms or rooms of different levels, especially in industrial or collective buildings.