EP0199751A1

EP0199751A1 - Method for fabricating components intended to the industrial construction of buildings and elements for implementing such method

Info

Publication number: EP0199751A1
Application number: EP85905067A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Francois Marie Pierre Verluise
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1984-10-18
Filing date: 1985-10-16
Publication date: 1986-11-05
Also published as: AU5010485A; KR880700132A; FI862331A; JPS61502598A; WO1986002311A1; DK281986D0; KR900003645B1; DK281986A; FR2572011A1; FR2572011B1; FI862331A0; OA08345A

Abstract

Procédé consistant à fabriquer séparément des éléments conjugués d'interfaçage puis d'utiliser ces éléments comme joues latérales lors du moulage des panneaux. L'élément d'interfaçage est constitué d'un élément linéaire de section prismatique comportant sur au moins une de ses faces une denture (2) dont une des faces latérales (3) des dents fait, par rapport à un plan longitudinal (5) de l'élément (1), un angle égal et opposé à celui que fait une face d'entre-dents (6); les dents étant complémentaires des creux d'entre-dents.Method consisting in separately manufacturing conjugate interfacing elements then using these elements as side cheeks when molding the panels. The interfacing element consists of a linear element of prismatic section comprising on at least one of its faces a toothing (2) of which one of the lateral faces (3) of the teeth is made, relative to a longitudinal plane (5) of the element (1), an angle equal to and opposite to that made by a face between the teeth (6); the teeth being complementary to the hollow between the teeth.

Description

Process for the manufacture of components intended for the industrialized construction of buildings and elements for the implementation of said process.

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing components intended for the industrialized construction of buildings, possibly including reservations and at least one of the edges of which carries self-positioning and assembly profiles and elements for the implementation of said process.

The industrialized construction of buildings required the development of means of connection between the various elements. Many systems have been used and in particular self-positioning and assembly systems made up of profiles provided in and on the banks of the elements allowing the assembly without binder and without fixing means, the whole being held by its weight. and by the friction between the profiles. The diversity of the elements necessary for the construction of an assembly is such that it is very rare that the market is large enough to expect normal depreciation, given the diversity of industrial tools required in each case. We must therefore aim for a diversified product resulting from the combination of industrial components relatively standardized by themselves. This implies the creation of a tool for manufacturing extremely precise and costly components insofar as it must take into account the various configuration changes required by product diversification.

A very centralized manufacturing of the various components is not conceivable because the transport costs would become prohibitive compared to the intrinsic value of the component and that in addition the surface occupied by the manufacturing plant should allow a sufficient rate to ensure the supply various sites. This implantation surface must take into account the fact that to obtain panels or components whose edges carry profiles of precise dimensions and shapes, it is necessary to mold flat to ensure proper penetration of the material into the profiled edges of the mold. .

In a known method of manufacturing panels intended for industrialized construction, there is a mold consisting of a bottom giving the shape to one of the large faces of the panel, the dimensions of which are such that they make it possible to cover the ranges. dimensional dimensions of the panels and side panels responding to the diversity of the dimensional ranges defining the edges of the panel. The self-positioning and assembly profiles provided on the periphery of the panels are obtained by profiled lateral cheeks. On the other hand, the profiles or reservations provided in the large faces require the use of counter molds comprising said profiles. In order to allow the filling of the molding profiles, the mold must be used flat. The profiles of the cooperating panels being combined, it is essential to ensure a good transmission of forces from one panel to another in the finished construction to have a molding precise profiles and consequently rigid and precise molding cheeks and counter molds, hence an investment which is all the more important as the diversity of the ranges is great.

The invention aims to dissociate the manufacture of panels or components from those of the connection means and possibly of the surrounds of the various reservations. According to a feature of the invention, the connecting means and the surrounds are produced as elements which will form part of the molds during the manufacture of the panels or components. These elements, which have, with respect to the panels or elements, reduced dimensions, are manufactured in centers having the necessary precision equipment and sent under acceptable conditions, to site factories in which the panels or components are cast. These standardized elements form one or more side walls or mold cheeks and / or reservations which will be joined to the panel during its manufacture.

The use of such elements allows in particular the battery molding of the panels and reduces the downtime of the molds by the presence of elements already having their own resistance.

The explanations and figures given below by way of example will make it possible to understand how the invention can be implemented.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of two interfacing elements presented for their assembly.

Figure 2 is a sectional view along II-II of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a second embodiment of an interfacing element.

FIG. K is a perspective view of a first form of toothing provided on an interface element according to the invention.

FIG. 4A is a developed top view of the teeth of FIG. 4.

FIG. 4B is a side view of the teeth of the filling 4.

FIG. 4C is a sectional view along IV-IV of FIG. 4.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a second form of teeth provided on an interfacing element according to the invention.

FIG. 5A is a developed top view of the teeth of FIG. 5.

FIG. 5B is a side view of the teeth of FIG. 5.

FIG. 5C is a sectional view along V-V of FIG. 5.

FIGS. 6A to 6C are sectional views of molds for the manufacture of interfacing elements having a toothing on one side.

FIGS. 7 A and 7B are sectional views of molds for the manufacture of interfacing elements having teeth on two opposite faces. Figure 8 is a perspective view with parts broken away of a structure formed of elements having teeth according to the example of Figures 4 to 4C.

The method of manufacturing the panels according to the invention is based on the use of interfacing elements and possibly of elements of standardized shape which are manufactured industrially.

These elements have dimensions and shapes which fall within specific ranges. On the other hand, their maximum length corresponds to the largest dimension of the panel or of the component capable of being molded in one piece.

The interfacing elements are elements of reduced transverse dimensions which will constitute, in the different parts of a building, the physical border between two components having different functions or between components having the same function but whose functional continuity must be ensured despite a cut created in general due to the means chosen for their implementation.

By definition, an interface will always consist of at least two contacting zones, one belonging to the first component, the other to the second. For example, the zones allowing a floor to rest on a wall, a wall to rest on a floor or on a foundation, a door to fix, etc. form as many interfaces.

Almost all interfaces have functions of resistance to efforts, continuity of separations and / or participate in communications and must have a function of self-positioning.

In order to distinguish the elements participating directly in the transmission of efforts in the structure and general ment provided on the edges of the panels or components, of those constituting the interfacing of the communication functions such as bays, hoppers, pipeline passages, etc. . ; the first will be designated by interfacing elements and the second by form elements without eliminating the possibility for the latter to transmit forces and also to present assembly profiles.

In the invention, the interfacing elements are produced industrially by molding. The mold wall forming the imprint of the self-positioning and assembly profile has a rigidity and a finish such that the profile obtained put in cooperation with a profile obtained from the mime mold provides perfect interlocking. One of the faces of the element will constitute a connecting face and will have waiting steels or reliefs capable of joining the molding material during the manufacture of the panel or of the component.

It is mounted on the cheek of the mold, intended to form a groove facing the panel or of the component and on the edges which must have a profile, the interfacing element or elements. These elements previously cut to the desired lengths present a sequence of reliefs of the profile combined with the reliefs of an element of a panel or component which must cooperate in the construction. The elements are positioned on the cheek of the mold with the overall dimensions of the finished panel, the connecting faces being directed towards the inside of the panel.

The edges of the panel having no profiles are defined by lateral flat molding cheeks. Possibly the communications in the panel or the component are obtained by the positioning of shaped elements, prefabricated and cut to desired length, forming reservations. The mold thus obtained is filled with a material in the plastic state. After drying and hardening, the interfacing elements as well as the form elements form an integral part of the panel.

Due to the greater rigidity of the interfacing elements and their continuous connection to the rest of the panel, they can be used for movement without risk of tearing of the handling means.

In the conventional panel manufacturing process it is necessary to allow the panel to harden sufficiently to be able to lift it using handling means which include steels embedded in the concrete and which are of interest only in a relatively very small volume submitted therefore important efforts.

In the method according to the invention, the interfacing element whose degree of hardening is maximum, is connected over its entire length by its connecting face to the newly molded panel and distributes, over all or part of the length, the forces caused by lifting. The curing time of the molded panel can therefore be shortened without inconvenience.

The material used in the plastic state to fill the mold is, for example, concrete, plaster, a powdery or granular material bonded by a synthetic resin, a synthetic material.

The interfacing and shape elements may be made of the same material as that used for casting the panel, or of different materials. They can also be produced for example by metal or plastic profiles, the connection with the material of the panel being obtained by coating fixing lugs or by filling a hollow part of the profile. The previously described profile applies to the molding of panels in a horizontal position, the mold comprising only one cheek of large face and the material being poured over the entire surface.

For certain elements generally corresponding to vertical parts of the construction, it is more advantageous, since there are no particular precautions to be taken to mold the profiles of the edges, which are replaced by the interfacing elements, d 'use batteries of molds, the cheeks intended to form the large faces being arranged vertically and spaced from each other by the desired thickness of the panels. The procedure is as in the previous example by fixing, on a first cheek forming a large face of the panel, the interfacing elements and possibly of shape. A second cheek, forming the second large face of the panel, closes the mold and carries on its outer surface the elements intended for a second panel and so on.

When the mold is in the vertical position (battery of molds for example) and the edge of the panel corresponding to the upper part of the mold does not have a profile, the upper flat lateral cheek closing the mold is omitted, so as to allow the introduction of the material in the plastic state, the edge of the panel is then formed by the free surface of the material.

When the edge of the panel must have a profile, the mold is left open at its upper part, as in the previous case, then after filling, the mold is closed by a suitable interfacing element which is made to penetrate in position between the cheeks delimiting the large faces of the panel.

The filling of the mold takes account of the volume occupied by the element put in place, for example, using a device vibrating tif, an overflow hole being provided at the top to remove excess material.

The interfacing elements, for implementing the method described above, are formed by a linear element 1 (fig. 1) of prismatic section comprising on at least one of its faces a toothing 2 including one of the lateral faces 3 teeth 4 made with respect to the longitudinal plane of the linear element, materialized in this embodiment by the lower face 5 of the linear element, an angle α (fig. 2) equal and opposite to the angle of the face 6 entredents. The teeth 4 are complementary to the hollows between teeth so that the interfacing elements originating from the same mold or from identical molds have teeth capable of cooperating. The teeth 4A of an interfacing element 1A are capable of meshing exactly in the inter-teeth of the teeth 4 of the interfacing element 1 while, conversely, the teeth 4 of the element 1 come to mesh in the between-teeth 4A of the element 1A.

As a result of the opposite slopes of the faces of the teeth and the inter-teeth (fig. 2), the two cooperating interfacing elements self-position during their positioning both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, the sliding of 'a face 3 of a tooth of an element 1 on the face 6A of a crotch of the other element 1A being blocked by the sliding in opposite direction of a face 3A of a tooth of the element 1A on a face 6 of the inter-tooth of the element 1.

The interfacing elements or the form elements bear on at least one of their surfaces other than that comprising the toothing of the connecting means 7, which in the example shown are steels embedded in the material constituting the linear element . These connecting means can also be constituted by grooves, indentations, embedded profiles, etc. allowing a resistant and preferably continuous attachment of the linear element in the material forming the panel. The embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 is particularly suitable for panels or components to be assembled to form a continuous planar surface. In the case where these construction elements form a horizontal joint, this does not allow the return of the runoff water or at least facilitates its evacuation as a result of the descending slopes which have the faces of the teeth of the lower element .

Thus, the water that can run off on the face 3A of a tooth is evacuated through the faces 6 A of the neighboring between-teeth.

The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 shows an interfacing element comprising a toothing 8, 9 on each of its parallel and opposite faces. Such an element is suitable, for example, for the production of a panel or floor component held between a lower panel and an upper wall panel and more generally, for any interface formed by three panels, one of which is perpendicular to the other two.

In this exemplary embodiment, the toothing forms, towards the face 10 carrying the connection means, a backsplash 11 which optionally makes it possible to make a seal with the cooperating perpendicular panel.

It is optionally provided, for constructions in seismic risk zones, connection plates 12 anchored in the faces carrying the teeth and flush with the backsplash 11, which will be joined by welding with corresponding plates provided in the cooperating panels, when the structural work will be completed.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the teeth have the shape of a pyramid with a square base. The section of a tooth through a plane passing through the edge forming the end of the tooth is an isosceles trapezoid. The teeth consequently having a large draft on their two faces allow self-centering of the teeth of two interfacing elements integral with the panels, approximately positioned for their positioning.

According to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the teeth and between-teeth have polygonal faces inclined alternately by the same angle to the right and to the left relative to the median plane M of the teeth.

In the example of FIGS. 4 to 4 C, the faces 13, 13A are diamonds as shown in the top view developed in FIG. A4. The teeth therefore have a double row of pseudo-teeth 14, 15 as shown from the front and in section, FIGS. 4B and 4C.

The diamond faces of the teeth 13 and between teeth 13A are connected by triangles 16.

An example of use of teeth in accordance with the previous embodiment is shown in FIG. 8. The load-bearing walls 24 and 25 assembled at right angles are formed of panels of which at least the vertical edges carry teeth elements s '' meshing into each other by self-positioning. According to this same assembly, the upper edges carry teeth elements directed upwards with which cooperate teeth elements forming the edge of the lower face of a floor panel 26 and directed downwards. When the construction comprises a stage (as shown), the floor panel carries on the edge of the upper face of the teeth elements directed upwards and in which come to mesh the elements carried by the upper vertical panel 27 and / or 28. It is also possible to connect two floor panels 26 and 29 whose cooperating edges carry teeth elements, ensuring thus the vertical force transfers symmetrically from one panel to another.

It will be noted that the different faces of the teeth and teeth are parallel to four symmetrical planes with respect to a vertical axis depending on the use cases, this passage of the forces provided by the friction will be proportional according to the distribution of the surfaces oriented according to each of the 4 planes .

More particularly, FIGS. 4 to 4C show a total symmetry of the faces of the teeth. This solution allows the introduction and self-positioning of the last element of a parallelepiped.

In the example of FIGS. 5 to 5C, the faces 17, 17A are hexagons which are arranged in the same way as the faces of the previous example and form a toothing with a double row of pseudo-teeth. FIG. 5A is a developed top view of the toothing, FIGS. 5B and C being respectively side and sectional views of this exemplary embodiment. The sides of the hexagonal faces constituting the teeth 17 and between teeth 17A are connected by triangles 18.

FIGS. 6 A, B, C and 7 A, B show an example of a method of manufacturing interfacing elements of various configurations. FIGS. 6A to 6C relate to elements having a toothing on a single face and in particular that of the end for panels having to assemble in the same plane or for elements capable of assembling perpendicularly to another element comprising a toothing on a side face, such as for example a floor panel.

The section of the mold presented in FIG. 6A corresponds to an element whose width of the toothing is equal to the thickness of the linear element and therefore that of the panel which will be formed from this element.

FIG. 6B corresponds to a linear element therefore a panel, thicker than the toothing, the latter being centered relative to the median plane of the panel.

FIG. 6C corresponds to a linear element which is thicker than the toothing but the latter being offset from the median plane of the panel.

FIGS. 7A and 7B show in section a mold for interfacing elements comprising two teeth on the lateral faces of the linear element respectively in the case where the two teeth are formed near the end face of the linear element and in the case where they are at a certain distance from the end face.

As it is easy to see, the manufacture of the various interfacing elements is very simple since from a single imprint 19 it is possible by modifying the distance between the side cheeks 20 to obtain elements of thickness various, usable for the manufacture of panels of corresponding thicknesses.

With two same indentations 21, 22 (FIGS. 7A, 7B) it is possible to obtain elements of various thicknesses, with two teeth on the lateral faces, the distance of the teeth from the end face being easily adjustable by the use of a wedge 23.

The manufacture of the interfacing elements is therefore easily diversifiable with an extremely reduced molding material.

Claims

1. Method for manufacturing components intended for industrialized construction possibly comprising reservations and at least one of the edges of which carries self-positioning and assembly profiles, said panels being formed by casting a material in the state plastic in a mold formed of at least one front cheek and side cheeks, characterized in that:

a) industrially manufactured conjugated interfacing elements, standardized, comprising the self-positioning and assembly profiles and, optionally, reservation form elements, standardized, said elements comprising at least one connecting face;

b) at least one previously fabricated interfacing element, cut to length, acting as a side cheek, the connecting face being positioned, is mounted on a cheek of a mold intended to form one of the large faces of the panel be in contact with the molding material and optionally with lateral molding cheeks for the edges of the panel having no profiles and elements of reservation form;

c) the mold, defined by the preceding operation, is filled with a material in the plastic state;

d) the hardening of the material is carried out;

e) the panel comprising the interfacing elements and possibly the form elements is removed from the mold.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that between operations b) and c) a second cheek is placed intended to form the second large face of the panel against the interfacing and shape elements, in order to put the mold in a vertical position.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer face of the second cheek supports the interfacing element (s) of a second panel, the arrangement repeating itself to form a battery of molds arranged against each other .

4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, the mold being open at its upper part to allow the filling of the mold in plastic material, characterized in that after filling the mold, it is closed by an element of suitable interfacing which is made to penetrate in position between the cheeks delimiting the large faces of the panel.

5. interfacing element for implementing the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of a linear element of prismatic section comprising on at least one of its faces a car profile positioning with a single toothing (2) of which one of the lateral faces (3) of the teeth makes with respect to a longitudinal plane (5) of the element (1) an angle equal and opposite to that made by a face between - teeth (6); the teeth being complementary to the hollow between the teeth.

6. Element according to claim 5, characterized in that the lateral faces (3) of the teeth and the intermesh faces (6) are polygons.

7. Element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it consists of a linear element of prismatic section comprising on at least one of its faces a toothing whose teeth (13, 17) and between- teeth (13A, 17A) have at least one polygonal face inclined at the same angle alternately to the right and to the left relative to the median plane (M) of the teeth.

8. Element according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the faces other than one of those carrying the toothing is provided with connecting means (7).