EP0189759A1 - Procédé et appareil de traitement thermique de pièces - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de traitement thermique de pièces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0189759A1
EP0189759A1 EP86100174A EP86100174A EP0189759A1 EP 0189759 A1 EP0189759 A1 EP 0189759A1 EP 86100174 A EP86100174 A EP 86100174A EP 86100174 A EP86100174 A EP 86100174A EP 0189759 A1 EP0189759 A1 EP 0189759A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
furnace
fluid
channel
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86100174A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0189759B1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Dipl.-Ing. Veranneman
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. Strigl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to AT86100174T priority Critical patent/ATE48443T1/de
Publication of EP0189759A1 publication Critical patent/EP0189759A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0189759B1 publication Critical patent/EP0189759B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the heat treatment of workpieces in a furnace, the heat-treated workpieces being cooled in direct heat exchange with a fluid.
  • the goods When earthenware or ceramics are fired, their organic components are oxidized.
  • the goods are first heated from ambient temperature to temperatures between approx. 870 K and 1170 K, the carbon of the goods being oxidized by oxygen in the furnace.
  • the goods are then further heated in a burner zone.
  • the goods are then cooled in a cooling zone.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, in which damage to parts of the furnace system is excluded and which allows the workpieces to cool as quickly as possible.
  • This object is achieved in that a gas in liquid form is brought into indirect heat exchange with the fluid and this is thereby cooled.
  • a liquefied gas is used, ie a gas which boils at low temperatures at ambient pressure, for example liquefied nitrogen.
  • This G as is brought into liquid form in indirect heat exchange with the serving for cooling the heat-treated workpieces fluid, the gas evaporated.
  • the indirect heat exchange between the liquefied gas and the fluid advantageously takes place in the furnace area in which the workpieces are cooled by the fluid.
  • the cooling section is a continuous furnace
  • the cooling pit can be for example a T opfofens, the blast chiller of a vacuum or hood furnace or oil bath of a curing oven.
  • the cooling fluid is either a gas or an oil.
  • the method according to the invention basically all of the heat required for the evaporation of the gas is extracted from the fluid and thus from the workpieces to be cooled.
  • the method according to the invention prevents damage to furnace components due to hypothermia. Nevertheless, the fluid and therefore the workpieces are cooled intensely, since the gas boils at a low temperature during indirect heat exchange and can absorb large amounts of heat.
  • the method according to the invention it is thus possible in principle to extract all the heat required for the vaporization of the liquefied gas from the heat-treated workpieces.
  • An additional air evaporator is not required. Due to the intensive cooling, this enables erfin method according to the invention a particularly rapid cooling. Contamination of the furnace atmosphere, which occurs in the direct injection of gas in liquid form, does not take place in the process according to the invention.
  • the proposed method has the advantage, for example, in hardening furnaces that the water cooler usually used for cooling the oil bath can be dispensed with. This measure eliminates the risk of explosion, which occurs in the event of leaks due to water entering the hot oil.
  • a gas is selected for cooling the fluid that can be used after the evaporation in the heat exchange with the fluid.
  • the vaporized gas can be used for any purpose. Since several furnaces are usually operated at the same time in a company for the heat treatment of workpieces, it has proven to be expedient according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention to pass the vaporized gas during indirect heat exchange into one of these furnaces.
  • the vaporized gas can be passed into the furnace in which it was vaporized.
  • the vaporized gas is introduced into the cooling area of the furnace.
  • the gas or at least a partial flow of the gas can also advantageously be passed into the glow space of the furnace.
  • the method according to the invention has particular advantages over conventional methods if an oven with locks is used and gas is to be supplied to it. With conventional methods it had to be the one for the locks Gas quantity are evaporated in the heat exchange with air, it is also possible with the method according to the invention to use this gas quantity for intensive cooling of the workpieces.
  • the liquefied gas is brought inside or outside the furnace in indirect heat exchange with the fluid.
  • a continuous furnace it is advantageous to cool the fluid inside the furnace.
  • a blast chiller it is expedient according to one embodiment of the invention to withdraw the fluid from the furnace and to bring it into indirect heat exchange with the gas outside the furnace.
  • a protective gas is used as the gas.
  • Liquid nitrogen or liquefied argon is preferably used as the protective gas in the process according to the invention. These gases are used, for example, in the heat treatment of metallic workpieces.
  • oxygen is advantageously used as the gas.
  • Oxygen can be used, for example, in the heat treatment of workpieces made of clay or ceramic.
  • a device suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention essentially consists of an annealing furnace with a cooling section.
  • a heat exchanger with a channel or a plurality of channels is arranged within the cooling section, the input of this channel or these channels being connected to a storage container for a gas present in liquid form.
  • two or more heat exchangers, each with one or more channels can also be arranged within the cooling section, these channels being connected to a storage container for a gas present in liquid form. In this way, the entire protective gas is passed through the heat exchanger (s).
  • two or more heat exchangers are arranged within the cooling section in such a way that the annealed material is cooled uniformly from at least two sides.
  • distortion of heat-treated workpieces is avoided by better temperature distribution.
  • the outlet of the duct is connected to a line opening into the furnace (or ducts). In this way, all of the vaporized gas can be directed into the glow chamber.
  • a gas injection device is connected to the duct outlet or to the duct outputs or to the line connecting the duct outlet (the duct outputs) with the annealing furnace in the region of the cooling section.
  • a heat exchanger is arranged within the oil bath in a variant of the device according to the invention.
  • the heat of the workpieces is removed using a blast chiller.
  • the cooling fluid is sucked out of the furnace, for example by means of a blower, passed through the blast chiller and returned to the furnace.
  • a further heat exchanger is connected in series with the blast chiller.
  • the fluid cooled in the blast chiller is indirectly cooled in the further heat exchanger by liquefied gas.
  • the furnace shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 3 is divided into three parts: the actual glow chamber 1 is connected to an inlet section 2 and subsequently a cooling section 3.
  • the workpieces not shown pass through the furnace in the direction of arrows 4.
  • a heat exchanger 5 with a channel for a liquid protective gas is arranged in the region of the cooling section.
  • a line 7 is connected to this channel and is connected to an insulated reservoir (not shown) for liquefied inert gas, for example liquefied nitrogen.
  • a line 8 is connected, which opens into the glow chamber 1.
  • An injection device 9, via which vaporized protective gas can be introduced into the cooling section, is only indicated schematically. This injection device 9 branches off from line 8 immediately after the exit of the heat exchanger channel.
  • the workpieces first pass through the inlet section 2, in which they are heated. In the annealing room they reach a maximum temperature, which has to be lowered again in the cooling section to a level at which the workpieces can no longer be oxidized.
  • the heat treatment including cooling of the workpieces, takes place in a protective gas atmosphere.
  • this is produced as follows: Liquid nitrogen is fed into line 7 from the storage container via a removal system (not shown). The liquid nitrogen flows through heat exchanger 5, which is exposed to the relatively high temperature prevailing in the furnace. The liquid nitrogen evaporates. The evaporated nitrogen leaves the heat exchanger 5 and flows via line 8 directly into the glow chamber 1.
  • Part of the nitrogen can but can also be introduced directly into the cooling section 3 via the injection device 9.
  • a protective gas atmosphere consisting of nitrogen prevails in the furnace and thus also within the cooling section.
  • This nitrogen acts in the cooling section 3 as a cooling fluid.
  • the workpieces are cooled in direct heat exchange with the nitrogen flowing in the cooling section.
  • the nitrogen is in turn cooled by indirect heat exchange with evaporating nitrogen via heat exchanger 5.
  • a further heat exchanger is indicated by dashed lines, which is also supplied with liquid nitrogen and is used to cool the workpieces.
  • the workpieces can be viewed from two sides, i.e. be cooled more evenly.
  • the heat exchangers 5 and 6 can, for example, be arranged such that heat exchanger 5 is above and heat exchanger 6 below the workpieces. This prevents warping of the workpieces due to uneven cooling. An even better temperature distribution can be achieved by arranging additional heat exchangers.
  • the furnace should have an entrance lock 12 and an exit lock 13.
  • a branch line 10 or a branch line 11 opens into the locks. Both branch lines 10, 11 are connected to the line 8 coming from the heat exchanger 5. Nitrogen for purging the lock chambers is removed in liquid form from the storage container, evaporated in heat exchanger 5 and passed into the respective locks 12, 13 via the branch lines 10, 11.
  • FIG 3 is a continuous furnace with a rapid cooling facility shown.
  • protective gas is fed from the furnace to a cooler 16 via line 14 and a blower 15.
  • a further cooler 17 is connected in series with cooler 16.
  • Inert gas from the furnace is therefore additionally cooled in the second cooler 17 after leaving the cooler 16 and introduced again into the furnace.
  • Liquid nitrogen is introduced into the cooler 17 via line 7 and brought out of the furnace in heat exchange with protective gas.
  • the evaporated nitrogen leaving the heat exchanger 17 can be used, for example, in a further furnace as a protective gas.
  • liquid nitrogen is replaced by liquid oxygen, then; e.g. pottery and ceramics are also treated in the manner described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the method according to the invention allows particularly rapid cooling of heat-treated workpieces without there being any risk of damage to the furnace system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP86100174A 1985-01-17 1986-01-08 Procédé et appareil de traitement thermique de pièces Expired EP0189759B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86100174T ATE48443T1 (de) 1985-01-17 1986-01-08 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung von werkstuecken.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853501463 DE3501463A1 (de) 1985-01-17 1985-01-17 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung von werkstuecken
DE3501463 1985-01-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0189759A1 true EP0189759A1 (fr) 1986-08-06
EP0189759B1 EP0189759B1 (fr) 1989-12-06

Family

ID=6260093

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86100174A Expired EP0189759B1 (fr) 1985-01-17 1986-01-08 Procédé et appareil de traitement thermique de pièces

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0189759B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE48443T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3501463A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA86322B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0690138A1 (fr) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-03 ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH Procédé de trempe à gaz de pièces à usiner et installation de traitement thermique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19820083A1 (de) * 1998-05-06 1999-11-11 Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh Verfahren zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken und Wärmebehandlungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102007057855B3 (de) 2007-11-29 2008-10-30 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formbauteils mit mindestens zwei Gefügebereichen unterschiedlicher Duktilität
EP3282023A1 (fr) * 2016-08-11 2018-02-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement des elements en continu

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1154134B (de) * 1960-08-04 1963-09-12 Iaofuia Ofenbau Union Ges Mit Vorrichtung zum Kuehlen erwaermten, insbesondere metallischen Gutes innerhalb eines Industrieofens
DE1227930B (de) * 1965-06-30 1966-11-03 Mannesmann Ag Widerstandsbeheizter Ofen zum Gluehen von metallischen Werkstuecken und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben
GB1452062A (en) * 1972-10-10 1976-10-06 Boc International Ltd Metal treatment
GB2082634A (en) * 1980-08-13 1982-03-10 Boc Ltd Heat treatment method
EP0106113A1 (fr) * 1982-09-21 1984-04-25 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Procédé et installation pour recuire à blanc des pièces métalliques en utilisant l'azote comme gaz de protection

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1154134B (de) * 1960-08-04 1963-09-12 Iaofuia Ofenbau Union Ges Mit Vorrichtung zum Kuehlen erwaermten, insbesondere metallischen Gutes innerhalb eines Industrieofens
DE1227930B (de) * 1965-06-30 1966-11-03 Mannesmann Ag Widerstandsbeheizter Ofen zum Gluehen von metallischen Werkstuecken und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben
GB1452062A (en) * 1972-10-10 1976-10-06 Boc International Ltd Metal treatment
GB2082634A (en) * 1980-08-13 1982-03-10 Boc Ltd Heat treatment method
EP0106113A1 (fr) * 1982-09-21 1984-04-25 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Procédé et installation pour recuire à blanc des pièces métalliques en utilisant l'azote comme gaz de protection

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0690138A1 (fr) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-03 ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH Procédé de trempe à gaz de pièces à usiner et installation de traitement thermique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US5630322A (en) * 1994-06-28 1997-05-20 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Process and apparatus for heat treatment of workpieces by quenching with gases

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE48443T1 (de) 1989-12-15
EP0189759B1 (fr) 1989-12-06
ZA86322B (en) 1986-08-27
DE3667300D1 (de) 1990-01-11
DE3501463A1 (de) 1986-07-17

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