EP0189709B1 - Ejecteur pneumatique de poudre - Google Patents

Ejecteur pneumatique de poudre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0189709B1
EP0189709B1 EP85402604A EP85402604A EP0189709B1 EP 0189709 B1 EP0189709 B1 EP 0189709B1 EP 85402604 A EP85402604 A EP 85402604A EP 85402604 A EP85402604 A EP 85402604A EP 0189709 B1 EP0189709 B1 EP 0189709B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
venturi
ejector
inlet
bowl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85402604A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0189709A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Douche
Jean-Claude Coulon
Claude Bernard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Saint Gobain Vitrage International SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA, Saint Gobain Vitrage International SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Priority to AT85402604T priority Critical patent/ATE40959T1/de
Publication of EP0189709A1 publication Critical patent/EP0189709A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0189709B1 publication Critical patent/EP0189709B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • F04F5/20—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids for evacuating
    • F04F5/22—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids for evacuating of multi-stage type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/467—Arrangements of nozzles with a plurality of nozzles arranged in series

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pneumatic ejector intended to aspirate a powder, to suspend it in a carrier fluid such as air, with a practically constant powder concentration and to distribute said suspension on a substrate, such as a glazing which scrolls relative to the ejector, so as to form on said substrate a film of said powder or of products resulting from its decomposition.
  • a glazing certain electrical, thermal or optical characteristics, for example with a view to its use as heating glazing or as an optical element, it is known to coat it with a layer of metal oxide obtained by decomposition at high temperature. , then oxidation of a compound initially in the form of powder which is distributed on the heated glazing.
  • oxidation of a compound initially in the form of powder which is distributed on the heated glazing.
  • the variations in thickness of the layer are as small as possible and practically do not exceed 1% of the nominal thickness. The powder must therefore be distributed with great precision.
  • the tray metering device is known.
  • This device is capable of supplying at its output a continuous and constant flow of powder in disagglomerated and practically fluidized form.
  • An example of such a dispenser is described in French Patent Application No. 85.00052 filed January 4, 1985 on behalf of the Applicant.
  • This powder must be extracted at the outlet of the dispenser and distributed on the substrate, avoiding, as far as possible, compacting it during its transfer. If we did not take this precaution, we would observe irregularities in the thickness of the layer, resulting in anomalies in appearance, optical, electrical and / or thermal performance.
  • An ejector of this type generally comprises a suction cone which is connected at its narrowed end to the inlet opening of a tubular injector body, which has a lateral inlet through which drive air is injected, said inlet opening into an annular chamber provided with a narrow annular gap defined between said inlet opening of the injector body and the end of a nozzle extending in the axis of the suction cone.
  • the injected air leaves at a sonic speed and creates a vacuum at the inlet of the nozzle. Since the entry of the cone is atmospheric, that is to say that it is not the seat of any depression, it follows that a suction flow with powder in suspension is induced in the cone and the nozzle.
  • the induced flow is generally of the order of 50% of the flow injected.
  • the injection stage consists of a venturi
  • the suspension stage is located in the axial extension of the venturi.
  • the suction of the primary air and powder mixture is done through an inlet whose axis is perpendicular to that of the venturi and which opens at the nose of the latter.
  • Such an ejector admits a large vacuum at the inlet with a low flow rate. It is therefore stable and seems to be suitable for the particular application indicated above.
  • the stability plate of this ejector is very narrow and cannot be modified for a given injector, since it is imposed by the diameter of the venturi.
  • the total delivery rate supplied is too low.
  • such an ejector risks clogging quickly because the nose of the venturi is on the path of the air-powder mixture sucked. When the layer of powder which forms on said nose becomes sufficiently thick, it causes the destabilization of the ejector.
  • this ejector at least by the fact that its lateral inlet of powder in suspension is directed on the nose of the nozzle for injecting the primary gas, which leads to a crushing of said nozzle nose and in the long term the destabilization of the ejector, and also the fact that its additional air intake is located in a constant section area, which results in an additional flow necessarily translate into acceleration and destabilization of the mixture, is unsuitable for the application that the 'we are considering.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the ejectors of the prior art indicated and proposes for this purpose a pneumatic ejector having a suction capacity at suction and a nominal flow rate at discharge significantly increased and which can be adjusted in order to obtain the lowest possible atmospheric suction flow compared to the total pumped flow, in order to relativize the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder.
  • the frustoconical tubular portion of the nozzle has a length at least equal to eight times its internal inlet diameter, in order to allow the gas / powder mixture to be tranquilized.
  • the lateral suction inlet opens slightly upstream from the downstream end of the venturi.
  • the lateral suction inlet opens slightly upstream from the downstream end of the venturi.
  • the suction stage and the injection stage are completely independent of each other, so that the flow rate at suction can be modified without the total pumped flow being. It will therefore be easy to adjust the flow rates until the optimum ejection conditions are obtained, namely on the one hand, a sufficient vacuum at the suction of the powder with the lowest possible atmospheric flow rate compared to the total discharged flow rate. , so as to avoid compaction of the powder and to make negligible the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder, and on the other hand, a high nominal flow rate for the discharge of the suspension.
  • this ejector according to the invention is associated with a powder supply system constituted by the tray metering device described in application FR 85.00052.
  • the outlet of said tray metering device is connected to the lateral suction inlet of the ejection.
  • the ejector shown in FIG. 1 comprises a body 10 formed by two tubular pieces 10 ′ and 10 "juxtaposed end to end.
  • the first tubular piece 10 ′ ends at its inlet end by a sleeved portion 12 in which is fixed coaxially by any known means, a venturi 14 through which a primary gas is injected.
  • the venturi opens out inside a suction chamber 16, defined inside said part 10 ′.
  • a nozzle 18 On the side wall thereof is formed a nozzle 18 to which can be connected a tube (not shown) through which the powder is sucked from a powder metering device.
  • the nozzle inclined with respect to the axis of the venturi in the direction of the flow of the primary gas and opens into the suction chamber 16, offset from the nose 20 of the venturi, so that the powder sucked does not is not deposited on the latter, and in particular slightly downstream of said nose 20.
  • This nozzle 18 opens into an area where the gas streams are stabilized, that is to say in an area either of constant section or converging.
  • the part 10 ', the nozzle 18, the venturi 14 and the suction chamber 16 form the suction stage of the ejector.
  • the part 10 " is assembled to the part 10 'by any known means.
  • the assembly is carried out from the inside by means of a nozzle 22 coaxial with the parts 10' and 10 ".
  • This nozzle comprises for this purpose a flared head 24 which is housed in grooves 26, 28 formed on the internal edges of the adjacent ends of the parts 10 'and 10 ".
  • the latter can either be force fitted on the head, or screwed on her.
  • the nozzle head is extended by a tubular portion 30 almost entirely contained in the piece 10 ".
  • Said tubular portion externally has a frustoconical shape which tapers from the head 24 to its outlet end, and internally a cylindrical shape of practically constant diameter and chosen so that the wall thickness at the outlet end of the tubular portion is relatively small.
  • the frustoconical tubular portion of the nozzle has a length at least equal to eight times its internal inlet diameter in order to allow the mixture of gas and powder to be tranquilized.
  • the internal side wall of the suction chamber 16 is progressively connected to that of the tubular portion by means of a converging bore 32 formed in the nozzle head 24.
  • the wall of the part 10 is pierced with tangential orifices 34 for the injection of parietal driving gas into the annular injection chamber 36 which is defined between the part 10" and the tubular portion 30.
  • a diffuser 38 having on its internal wall a con vergent 40 followed by a divergent 42.
  • the convergent 40 has at its entry a section equal to the internal section of the part 10 "and its zone 44 the narrowest at a section slightly greater than the external section of the tubular portion at its outlet end and is located to the right of the latter, as a result a narrow annular gap 46 is left free for the passage of the parietal gas towards the divergent 42.
  • the part 10 "and the nozzle 22 define the injection stage of the pneumatic ejector.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the upper part of the ejector of FIG. 1.
  • the suction stage of the ejector is modified in the sense that the suction end piece is no longer located so as to open slightly downstream of the venturi nose. It is, as before, offset with respect to this venturi nose, but it occupies a position such that it opens upstream of said nose.
  • This modified embodiment is particularly advantageous when it is desired to associate the ejector with a cyclone capable of sorting the powder particles according to their size.
  • the suction chamber, referenced 56 in this alternative embodiment, is then constituted by the interior space of a cyclone, the walls 55 of which surround the venturi 14 which supplies the primary gas.
  • This cyclone has gas stream leads, not shown, allowing its operation. It is connected at its downstream end, in the same way as the suction chamber 16 of the embodiment of FIG. 1, to the flared head of the nozzle of the injection stage which, for its part, is unchanged.
  • the suction nozzle, referenced 58 in this variant, by which the powder suspended in a gas stream is introduced, is placed in the upper position of the cyclone and it occupies a tangential orientation relative to the wall 55 of said cyclone, possibly inclined with respect to the axis of the venturi.
  • a second cyclone stage is provided downstream of the nose 20 of the venturi 14.
  • the walls 55 are extended until it descends below the nose 20 of the venturi 14 and tangential feeds of gas streams, not shown, are then placed through the lower part of these walls 55 to supply this cyclone.
  • These gas stream leads and the walls 55 are arranged and shaped so as to be at the periphery of the gas stream coming from the venturi 14. Downstream of the gas leads of this new cyclone, the internal wall of the suction chamber 56 connects as in the previous embodiment to the nozzle 22.
  • the primary gas is injected into the venturi 14. This creates a vacuum in the suction chamber 16 or 56 which has the effect of sucking the powder from a powder doser, via a pipe and the nozzle 18 or 58.
  • the suction being carried out at atmospheric pressure, the powder remains in the uncompacted fluid form which it has in the metering device.
  • the nozzle 18 or 58 Given the arrival of the nozzle 18 or 58 in a region of constant or convergent section, that is to say in an area where the gas currents are stable, no risk of destabilization of the flows is to be feared ; this results in optimal homogeneity of the gas and powder mixture for this level of the installation.
  • a constant flow of finely divided powder is therefore entrained by the primary gas towards the nozzle. In the latter, the powder and the primary gas as they progress mix intimately to form a homogeneous suspension.
  • the suspension is then discharged into the divergent 42 (see FIG. 1) by the parietal driving gas which is injected through the orifices 34. Its passage through the convergent 40 and the interval 46, makes it acquire a high speed which can be sonic.
  • the suspension highly diluted in the parietal gas, is sprayed onto a substrate which passes at a constant speed in front of the diffuser 38.
  • the substrate is covered with a layer of powder or of material resulting from the decomposition of the powder.
  • the powder particles which may be of various sizes undergo a true sorting within said cyclone, each category of particles entering on a trajectory different, the heaviest adopting the widest trajectories.
  • the first stage of the ejectors according to the invention and the other variant where the powder is sucked in and the second stage where the entrainment gas is injected operate completely independently, since 'they use two different gas sources. Unlike the ejectors of the previously cited prior art, it therefore becomes possible to modify one of the functions without this resulting in a modification of the other function.
  • the ratio of the suction flow rate to the total flow delivered can be adjusted to the lowest possible value so that the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder is negligible.
  • the stability range of the ejector is therefore much wider than in known ejectors. Both the suction vacuum and the nominal suspension discharge rate can be increased.
  • the ejector according to the invention makes it possible to provide suspensions of constant nominal concentration, with variations not exceeding 1% of the con nominal centering, and with high delivery rates, of the order of 500 to 1000 m 3 / h.
  • the primary and driving gases, as well as the gas streams which are used for the operation of the cyclone associated with the ejector, are generally air, but they can also be constituted by any other gas, for example nitrogen .
  • flow rates at the outlet of this ejector from 20 to 35 kg of powder in homogeneous suspension in 400 Nm 3 of gas are usual.
  • This ejector is advantageously supplied by the tray doser described in French application No. 85.00052.
  • This dispenser makes it possible to dispense a powder continuously, with flow rates compatible with those required by the coating application of substrates, in particular glass, without carrying out compaction.
  • the ejector according to the invention then constitutes the suction device of the dispenser and the lateral inlet 18, 58 of the ejector has its inlet orifice which overhangs a point in the portion of groove outside the bowl.
  • the nozzle 18, 58 also receives an additional flow of gas, for example air. This flow is forced and controlled.
  • This metering and ejector assembly is used to feed a powder distributor as described in the French application under the number 2 548 556, which in turn feeds a distribution nozzle as described in the French patent application published under the number 2 542,636.
  • This set is used to make thin layers, of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 microns thick, with thickness variations which can be less than 50 Angstroems from powders decomposable by heat, such as DBTO (dibutyltin oxide), D.B.T.F. (dibutyltin fluoride), indium formate or mixtures of these powders.
  • DBTO dibutyltin oxide
  • D.B.T.F. dibutyltin fluoride
  • indium formate or mixtures of these powders.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
EP85402604A 1985-01-04 1985-12-23 Ejecteur pneumatique de poudre Expired EP0189709B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85402604T ATE40959T1 (de) 1985-01-04 1985-12-23 Pneumatische strahlpumpe fuer pulverfoermige stoffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8500072 1985-01-04
FR8500072A FR2575678B1 (fr) 1985-01-04 1985-01-04 Ejecteur pneumatique de poudre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0189709A1 EP0189709A1 (fr) 1986-08-06
EP0189709B1 true EP0189709B1 (fr) 1989-03-01

Family

ID=9315002

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85402604A Expired EP0189709B1 (fr) 1985-01-04 1985-12-23 Ejecteur pneumatique de poudre

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US (1) US4807814A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
EP (1) EP0189709B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS61181559A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
KR (1) KR930000398B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CN (1) CN85109727B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AT (1) ATE40959T1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA1302981C (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE3568405D1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ES (1) ES8703754A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2575678B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

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KR860005653A (ko) 1986-08-11
ATE40959T1 (de) 1989-03-15
CN85109727A (zh) 1986-07-23
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CN85109727B (zh) 1988-12-14
ES550495A0 (es) 1987-03-01
FR2575678B1 (fr) 1988-06-03
DE3568405D1 (en) 1989-04-06
US4807814A (en) 1989-02-28
EP0189709A1 (fr) 1986-08-06
JPS61181559A (ja) 1986-08-14
CA1302981C (fr) 1992-06-09
KR930000398B1 (ko) 1993-01-18
FR2575678A1 (fr) 1986-07-11

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