EP0189709B1 - Pneumatic powder injector - Google Patents

Pneumatic powder injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0189709B1
EP0189709B1 EP85402604A EP85402604A EP0189709B1 EP 0189709 B1 EP0189709 B1 EP 0189709B1 EP 85402604 A EP85402604 A EP 85402604A EP 85402604 A EP85402604 A EP 85402604A EP 0189709 B1 EP0189709 B1 EP 0189709B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
venturi
ejector
inlet
bowl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85402604A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0189709A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Douche
Jean-Claude Coulon
Claude Bernard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Saint Gobain Vitrage International SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA, Saint Gobain Vitrage International SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Priority to AT85402604T priority Critical patent/ATE40959T1/en
Publication of EP0189709A1 publication Critical patent/EP0189709A1/en
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Publication of EP0189709B1 publication Critical patent/EP0189709B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • F04F5/20—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids for evacuating
    • F04F5/22—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids for evacuating of multi-stage type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/467—Arrangements of nozzles with a plurality of nozzles arranged in series

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pneumatic ejector intended to aspirate a powder, to suspend it in a carrier fluid such as air, with a practically constant powder concentration and to distribute said suspension on a substrate, such as a glazing which scrolls relative to the ejector, so as to form on said substrate a film of said powder or of products resulting from its decomposition.
  • a glazing certain electrical, thermal or optical characteristics, for example with a view to its use as heating glazing or as an optical element, it is known to coat it with a layer of metal oxide obtained by decomposition at high temperature. , then oxidation of a compound initially in the form of powder which is distributed on the heated glazing.
  • oxidation of a compound initially in the form of powder which is distributed on the heated glazing.
  • the variations in thickness of the layer are as small as possible and practically do not exceed 1% of the nominal thickness. The powder must therefore be distributed with great precision.
  • the tray metering device is known.
  • This device is capable of supplying at its output a continuous and constant flow of powder in disagglomerated and practically fluidized form.
  • An example of such a dispenser is described in French Patent Application No. 85.00052 filed January 4, 1985 on behalf of the Applicant.
  • This powder must be extracted at the outlet of the dispenser and distributed on the substrate, avoiding, as far as possible, compacting it during its transfer. If we did not take this precaution, we would observe irregularities in the thickness of the layer, resulting in anomalies in appearance, optical, electrical and / or thermal performance.
  • An ejector of this type generally comprises a suction cone which is connected at its narrowed end to the inlet opening of a tubular injector body, which has a lateral inlet through which drive air is injected, said inlet opening into an annular chamber provided with a narrow annular gap defined between said inlet opening of the injector body and the end of a nozzle extending in the axis of the suction cone.
  • the injected air leaves at a sonic speed and creates a vacuum at the inlet of the nozzle. Since the entry of the cone is atmospheric, that is to say that it is not the seat of any depression, it follows that a suction flow with powder in suspension is induced in the cone and the nozzle.
  • the induced flow is generally of the order of 50% of the flow injected.
  • the injection stage consists of a venturi
  • the suspension stage is located in the axial extension of the venturi.
  • the suction of the primary air and powder mixture is done through an inlet whose axis is perpendicular to that of the venturi and which opens at the nose of the latter.
  • Such an ejector admits a large vacuum at the inlet with a low flow rate. It is therefore stable and seems to be suitable for the particular application indicated above.
  • the stability plate of this ejector is very narrow and cannot be modified for a given injector, since it is imposed by the diameter of the venturi.
  • the total delivery rate supplied is too low.
  • such an ejector risks clogging quickly because the nose of the venturi is on the path of the air-powder mixture sucked. When the layer of powder which forms on said nose becomes sufficiently thick, it causes the destabilization of the ejector.
  • this ejector at least by the fact that its lateral inlet of powder in suspension is directed on the nose of the nozzle for injecting the primary gas, which leads to a crushing of said nozzle nose and in the long term the destabilization of the ejector, and also the fact that its additional air intake is located in a constant section area, which results in an additional flow necessarily translate into acceleration and destabilization of the mixture, is unsuitable for the application that the 'we are considering.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the ejectors of the prior art indicated and proposes for this purpose a pneumatic ejector having a suction capacity at suction and a nominal flow rate at discharge significantly increased and which can be adjusted in order to obtain the lowest possible atmospheric suction flow compared to the total pumped flow, in order to relativize the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder.
  • the frustoconical tubular portion of the nozzle has a length at least equal to eight times its internal inlet diameter, in order to allow the gas / powder mixture to be tranquilized.
  • the lateral suction inlet opens slightly upstream from the downstream end of the venturi.
  • the lateral suction inlet opens slightly upstream from the downstream end of the venturi.
  • the suction stage and the injection stage are completely independent of each other, so that the flow rate at suction can be modified without the total pumped flow being. It will therefore be easy to adjust the flow rates until the optimum ejection conditions are obtained, namely on the one hand, a sufficient vacuum at the suction of the powder with the lowest possible atmospheric flow rate compared to the total discharged flow rate. , so as to avoid compaction of the powder and to make negligible the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder, and on the other hand, a high nominal flow rate for the discharge of the suspension.
  • this ejector according to the invention is associated with a powder supply system constituted by the tray metering device described in application FR 85.00052.
  • the outlet of said tray metering device is connected to the lateral suction inlet of the ejection.
  • the ejector shown in FIG. 1 comprises a body 10 formed by two tubular pieces 10 ′ and 10 "juxtaposed end to end.
  • the first tubular piece 10 ′ ends at its inlet end by a sleeved portion 12 in which is fixed coaxially by any known means, a venturi 14 through which a primary gas is injected.
  • the venturi opens out inside a suction chamber 16, defined inside said part 10 ′.
  • a nozzle 18 On the side wall thereof is formed a nozzle 18 to which can be connected a tube (not shown) through which the powder is sucked from a powder metering device.
  • the nozzle inclined with respect to the axis of the venturi in the direction of the flow of the primary gas and opens into the suction chamber 16, offset from the nose 20 of the venturi, so that the powder sucked does not is not deposited on the latter, and in particular slightly downstream of said nose 20.
  • This nozzle 18 opens into an area where the gas streams are stabilized, that is to say in an area either of constant section or converging.
  • the part 10 ', the nozzle 18, the venturi 14 and the suction chamber 16 form the suction stage of the ejector.
  • the part 10 " is assembled to the part 10 'by any known means.
  • the assembly is carried out from the inside by means of a nozzle 22 coaxial with the parts 10' and 10 ".
  • This nozzle comprises for this purpose a flared head 24 which is housed in grooves 26, 28 formed on the internal edges of the adjacent ends of the parts 10 'and 10 ".
  • the latter can either be force fitted on the head, or screwed on her.
  • the nozzle head is extended by a tubular portion 30 almost entirely contained in the piece 10 ".
  • Said tubular portion externally has a frustoconical shape which tapers from the head 24 to its outlet end, and internally a cylindrical shape of practically constant diameter and chosen so that the wall thickness at the outlet end of the tubular portion is relatively small.
  • the frustoconical tubular portion of the nozzle has a length at least equal to eight times its internal inlet diameter in order to allow the mixture of gas and powder to be tranquilized.
  • the internal side wall of the suction chamber 16 is progressively connected to that of the tubular portion by means of a converging bore 32 formed in the nozzle head 24.
  • the wall of the part 10 is pierced with tangential orifices 34 for the injection of parietal driving gas into the annular injection chamber 36 which is defined between the part 10" and the tubular portion 30.
  • a diffuser 38 having on its internal wall a con vergent 40 followed by a divergent 42.
  • the convergent 40 has at its entry a section equal to the internal section of the part 10 "and its zone 44 the narrowest at a section slightly greater than the external section of the tubular portion at its outlet end and is located to the right of the latter, as a result a narrow annular gap 46 is left free for the passage of the parietal gas towards the divergent 42.
  • the part 10 "and the nozzle 22 define the injection stage of the pneumatic ejector.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the upper part of the ejector of FIG. 1.
  • the suction stage of the ejector is modified in the sense that the suction end piece is no longer located so as to open slightly downstream of the venturi nose. It is, as before, offset with respect to this venturi nose, but it occupies a position such that it opens upstream of said nose.
  • This modified embodiment is particularly advantageous when it is desired to associate the ejector with a cyclone capable of sorting the powder particles according to their size.
  • the suction chamber, referenced 56 in this alternative embodiment, is then constituted by the interior space of a cyclone, the walls 55 of which surround the venturi 14 which supplies the primary gas.
  • This cyclone has gas stream leads, not shown, allowing its operation. It is connected at its downstream end, in the same way as the suction chamber 16 of the embodiment of FIG. 1, to the flared head of the nozzle of the injection stage which, for its part, is unchanged.
  • the suction nozzle, referenced 58 in this variant, by which the powder suspended in a gas stream is introduced, is placed in the upper position of the cyclone and it occupies a tangential orientation relative to the wall 55 of said cyclone, possibly inclined with respect to the axis of the venturi.
  • a second cyclone stage is provided downstream of the nose 20 of the venturi 14.
  • the walls 55 are extended until it descends below the nose 20 of the venturi 14 and tangential feeds of gas streams, not shown, are then placed through the lower part of these walls 55 to supply this cyclone.
  • These gas stream leads and the walls 55 are arranged and shaped so as to be at the periphery of the gas stream coming from the venturi 14. Downstream of the gas leads of this new cyclone, the internal wall of the suction chamber 56 connects as in the previous embodiment to the nozzle 22.
  • the primary gas is injected into the venturi 14. This creates a vacuum in the suction chamber 16 or 56 which has the effect of sucking the powder from a powder doser, via a pipe and the nozzle 18 or 58.
  • the suction being carried out at atmospheric pressure, the powder remains in the uncompacted fluid form which it has in the metering device.
  • the nozzle 18 or 58 Given the arrival of the nozzle 18 or 58 in a region of constant or convergent section, that is to say in an area where the gas currents are stable, no risk of destabilization of the flows is to be feared ; this results in optimal homogeneity of the gas and powder mixture for this level of the installation.
  • a constant flow of finely divided powder is therefore entrained by the primary gas towards the nozzle. In the latter, the powder and the primary gas as they progress mix intimately to form a homogeneous suspension.
  • the suspension is then discharged into the divergent 42 (see FIG. 1) by the parietal driving gas which is injected through the orifices 34. Its passage through the convergent 40 and the interval 46, makes it acquire a high speed which can be sonic.
  • the suspension highly diluted in the parietal gas, is sprayed onto a substrate which passes at a constant speed in front of the diffuser 38.
  • the substrate is covered with a layer of powder or of material resulting from the decomposition of the powder.
  • the powder particles which may be of various sizes undergo a true sorting within said cyclone, each category of particles entering on a trajectory different, the heaviest adopting the widest trajectories.
  • the first stage of the ejectors according to the invention and the other variant where the powder is sucked in and the second stage where the entrainment gas is injected operate completely independently, since 'they use two different gas sources. Unlike the ejectors of the previously cited prior art, it therefore becomes possible to modify one of the functions without this resulting in a modification of the other function.
  • the ratio of the suction flow rate to the total flow delivered can be adjusted to the lowest possible value so that the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder is negligible.
  • the stability range of the ejector is therefore much wider than in known ejectors. Both the suction vacuum and the nominal suspension discharge rate can be increased.
  • the ejector according to the invention makes it possible to provide suspensions of constant nominal concentration, with variations not exceeding 1% of the con nominal centering, and with high delivery rates, of the order of 500 to 1000 m 3 / h.
  • the primary and driving gases, as well as the gas streams which are used for the operation of the cyclone associated with the ejector, are generally air, but they can also be constituted by any other gas, for example nitrogen .
  • flow rates at the outlet of this ejector from 20 to 35 kg of powder in homogeneous suspension in 400 Nm 3 of gas are usual.
  • This ejector is advantageously supplied by the tray doser described in French application No. 85.00052.
  • This dispenser makes it possible to dispense a powder continuously, with flow rates compatible with those required by the coating application of substrates, in particular glass, without carrying out compaction.
  • the ejector according to the invention then constitutes the suction device of the dispenser and the lateral inlet 18, 58 of the ejector has its inlet orifice which overhangs a point in the portion of groove outside the bowl.
  • the nozzle 18, 58 also receives an additional flow of gas, for example air. This flow is forced and controlled.
  • This metering and ejector assembly is used to feed a powder distributor as described in the French application under the number 2 548 556, which in turn feeds a distribution nozzle as described in the French patent application published under the number 2 542,636.
  • This set is used to make thin layers, of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 microns thick, with thickness variations which can be less than 50 Angstroems from powders decomposable by heat, such as DBTO (dibutyltin oxide), D.B.T.F. (dibutyltin fluoride), indium formate or mixtures of these powders.
  • DBTO dibutyltin oxide
  • D.B.T.F. dibutyltin fluoride
  • indium formate or mixtures of these powders.

Abstract

The invention is in a pneumatic powder ejector comprising a suction stage and an injection stage. The suction stage includes a suction chamber (16), a venturi (14) communicating a primary gas to the suction chamber and a lateral suction input (18) offset in relation to the downstream end of the venturi. The injection stage includes a nozzle (22), an injection chamber (36) and a diffuser (38). The stages are located within a coaxially of the body of a tubular ejector. The nozzle includes a path for powder and primary gas between the suction chamber and diffuser, and is formed to provide a flow path of reduced dimension to communicate a secondary or entrainment gas between the diffuser and injection station.

Description

La présente invention concerne un éjecteur pneumatique destiné à aspirer une poudre, à la mettre en suspension dans un fluide vecteur tel que l'air, avec une concentration en poudre pratiquement constante et à distribuer ladite suspension sur un substrat, tel qu'un vitrage qui défile par rapport à l'éjecteur, de manière à réaliser sur ledit substrat un film de ladite poudre ou de produits résultant de sa décomposition.The present invention relates to a pneumatic ejector intended to aspirate a powder, to suspend it in a carrier fluid such as air, with a practically constant powder concentration and to distribute said suspension on a substrate, such as a glazing which scrolls relative to the ejector, so as to form on said substrate a film of said powder or of products resulting from its decomposition.

Pour donner à un vitrage certaines caractéristiques électriques, thermiques ou optiques, par exemple en vue de son utilisation comme vitrage chauffant ou comme élément d'optique, il est connu de le revêtir d'une couche d'oxyde métallique obtenue par décomposition à haute température, puis oxydation d'un composé initialement sous forme de poudre que l'on distribue sur le vitrage chauffé. Pour que les caractéristiques souhaitées soient uniformes sur toute la surface du vitrage, il est nécessaire que les variations d'épaisseur de la couche soient aussi réduites que possible et pratiquement ne dépassent pas 1 % de l'épaisseur nominale. La poudre doit donc être distribuée avec une grande précision.To give a glazing certain electrical, thermal or optical characteristics, for example with a view to its use as heating glazing or as an optical element, it is known to coat it with a layer of metal oxide obtained by decomposition at high temperature. , then oxidation of a compound initially in the form of powder which is distributed on the heated glazing. In order for the desired characteristics to be uniform over the entire surface of the glazing, it is necessary that the variations in thickness of the layer are as small as possible and practically do not exceed 1% of the nominal thickness. The powder must therefore be distributed with great precision.

Parmi les dispositifs de distribution de poudre les plus utilisés, on connaît le doseur à plateau. Ce dispositif est susceptible de fournir à sa sortie un débit continu et constant de poudre sous forme désag- glomérée et pratiquement fluidisée. Un exemple d'un tel doseur est décrit dans la demande de brevet français n° 85.00052 déposée le 4 janvier 1985 au nom de la Demanderesse. Cette poudre doit être extraite à la sortie du doseur et distribuée sur le substrat en évitant, dans toute la mesure du possible, de la compacter au cours de son transfert. Si l'on ne prenait pas cette précaution, on observerait des irrégularités dans l'épaisseur de la couche, se traduisant par des anomalies de l'aspect, des performances optiques, électriques et/ou thermiques.Among the most widely used powder distribution devices, the tray metering device is known. This device is capable of supplying at its output a continuous and constant flow of powder in disagglomerated and practically fluidized form. An example of such a dispenser is described in French Patent Application No. 85.00052 filed January 4, 1985 on behalf of the Applicant. This powder must be extracted at the outlet of the dispenser and distributed on the substrate, avoiding, as far as possible, compacting it during its transfer. If we did not take this precaution, we would observe irregularities in the thickness of the layer, resulting in anomalies in appearance, optical, electrical and / or thermal performance.

L'extraction de la poudre et sa distribution sur un substrat peuvent être réalisées au moyen d'éjecteurs pneumatiques bien connus dans la technique. Ainsi on connait les éjecteurs du type trompe à air. Un éjecteur de ce type comprend généralement un cône d'aspiration qui se raccorde à son extrémité rétrécie à l'ouverture d'entrée d'un corps injecteur tubulaire, lequel comporte une arrivée latérale par laquelle de l'air d'entraînement est injecté, ladite arrivée débouchant dans une chambre annulaire pourvue d'un étroit entrefer annulaire défini entre ladite ouverture d'entrée du corps injecteur et l'extrémité d'une tuyère s'étendant dans l'axe du cône d'aspiration.The extraction of the powder and its distribution on a substrate can be carried out by means of pneumatic ejectors well known in the art. Thus we know the ejectors of the air pump type. An ejector of this type generally comprises a suction cone which is connected at its narrowed end to the inlet opening of a tubular injector body, which has a lateral inlet through which drive air is injected, said inlet opening into an annular chamber provided with a narrow annular gap defined between said inlet opening of the injector body and the end of a nozzle extending in the axis of the suction cone.

A la sortie de l'entrefer, l'air injecté sort à une vitesse sonique et crée à l'entrée de la tuyère une dépression. Etant donné que l'entrée du cône est atmosphérique, c'est-à-dire qu'elle n'est le siège d'aucune dépression, il en résulte qu'un débit d'aspiration avec de la poudre en suspension est induit dans le cône et la tuyère. Le débit induit est généralement de l'ordre de 50% du débit injecté. Avec un rendement volumétrique tellement élevé et une dépression quasiment nulle à l'entrée, on comprend qu'un tel éjecteur se comporte comme un véritable amplificateur vis-à-vis, des perturbations qui peuvent se produire au sein du flux de poudre aspiré, la poudre jouant le rôle d'excitateur: ainsi, une perturbation qui se manifeste à l'entrée, par exemple une variation de la concentration de la poudre dans le mélange aspiré, est amplifiée et devient plus intense à la sortie sans qu'elle puisse être maîtrisée. Un tel éjecteur est donc instable et ne convient pas pour la réalisation de substrats revêtus de fines couches de matière où la précision recherchée doit être inférieure à 1%.At the outlet of the air gap, the injected air leaves at a sonic speed and creates a vacuum at the inlet of the nozzle. Since the entry of the cone is atmospheric, that is to say that it is not the seat of any depression, it follows that a suction flow with powder in suspension is induced in the cone and the nozzle. The induced flow is generally of the order of 50% of the flow injected. With such a high volumetric efficiency and almost zero vacuum at the inlet, we understand that such an ejector behaves like a real amplifier vis-à-vis disturbances that can occur within the flow of powder sucked, the powder playing the role of exciter: thus, a disturbance which manifests itself at the entry, for example a variation of the concentration of the powder in the aspirated mixture, is amplified and becomes more intense at the exit without it being able to be mastered. Such an ejector is therefore unstable and is not suitable for the production of substrates coated with thin layers of material where the desired precision must be less than 1%.

On connaît un autre type d'éjecteur dans lequel l'étage d'injection est constitué par un venturi, et l'étage de suspension se trouve dans le prolongement axial du venturi. L'aspiration du mélange air primaire et poudre se fait par une entrée dont l'axe est perpendiculaire à celui du venturi et qui débouche au niveau du nez de ce dernier.Another type of ejector is known in which the injection stage consists of a venturi, and the suspension stage is located in the axial extension of the venturi. The suction of the primary air and powder mixture is done through an inlet whose axis is perpendicular to that of the venturi and which opens at the nose of the latter.

Un tel éjecteur admet une grande dépression à l'entrée avec un faible débit. Il est donc stable et semble convenir pour l'application particulière signalée ci-dessus. En réalité, la plaque de stabilité de cet éjecteur est très étroite et ne peut être modifiée pour un injecteur donné, puisqu'elle est imposée par le diamètre du venturi. De plus, le débit total de refoulement fourni est trop faible. Enfin, un tel éjecteur risque de s'encrasser rapidement du fait qu le nez du venturi se trouve sur le trajet du mélange air-poudre aspiré. Lorsque la couche de poudre qui se forme sur ledit nez devient suffisamment épaisse, elle entraîne la destabilisation de l'éjecteur.Such an ejector admits a large vacuum at the inlet with a low flow rate. It is therefore stable and seems to be suitable for the particular application indicated above. In reality, the stability plate of this ejector is very narrow and cannot be modified for a given injector, since it is imposed by the diameter of the venturi. In addition, the total delivery rate supplied is too low. Finally, such an ejector risks clogging quickly because the nose of the venturi is on the path of the air-powder mixture sucked. When the layer of powder which forms on said nose becomes sufficiently thick, it causes the destabilization of the ejector.

On connaît en particulier l'éjecteur pneumatique à deux étages décrit dans le document de brevet français FR-A 2 333 579. Cet éjecteur antérieur possède un étage d'aspiration avec une buse d'injection d'un gaz primaire et une entrée latérale de poudre en suspension, mais face au nez de la buse d'injection, et un étage d'injection avec une entrée d'air supplémentaire située dans une zone à section constante.Particularly known are the two-stage pneumatic ejector described in the French patent document FR-A 2 333 579. This prior ejector has a suction stage with a nozzle for injecting a primary gas and a lateral inlet for powder in suspension, but facing the nose of the injection nozzle, and an injection stage with an additional air inlet located in an area of constant section.

Il apparaît que cet éjecteur, au moins par le fait que son entrée latérale de poudre en suspension soit dirigée sur le nez de la buse d'injection du gaz primaire ce qui entraine un ecrassement dudit nez de buse et à la longue la destabilisation de l'éjecteur, et également par le fait que son entrée d'air supplémentaire se situe dans une zone à section constante, ce qui entraîne un débit supplémentaire se traduisent nécessairement par une accélération et une destabilisation de mélange, est inadapté pour l'application que l'on envisage.It appears that this ejector, at least by the fact that its lateral inlet of powder in suspension is directed on the nose of the nozzle for injecting the primary gas, which leads to a crushing of said nozzle nose and in the long term the destabilization of the ejector, and also the fact that its additional air intake is located in a constant section area, which results in an additional flow necessarily translate into acceleration and destabilization of the mixture, is unsuitable for the application that the 'we are considering.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients des éjecteurs de la technique antérieure signalée et propose à cet effet un éjecteur pneumatique ayant une capacité de dépression à l'aspiration et un débit nominal au refoulement notablement accrus et qui puisse être réglé afin d'obtenir un débit d'aspiration atmosphérique le plus faible possible par rapport au débit total refoulé, dans le but de relativiser la perturbation introduite par l'extraction de la poudre.The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the ejectors of the prior art indicated and proposes for this purpose a pneumatic ejector having a suction capacity at suction and a nominal flow rate at discharge significantly increased and which can be adjusted in order to obtain the lowest possible atmospheric suction flow compared to the total pumped flow, in order to relativize the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder.

Tous ces buts sont atteints selon l'invention en rendant indépendants l'aspiration de la poudre et l'injection de fluide vecteur de suspension.All of these aims are achieved according to the invention by making the suction of the powder and the injection of suspension carrier fluid independent.

L'éjecteur selon l'invention est donc tel qu'il comprend:

  • a) un étage d'aspiration comportant:
    • - un venturi adapté à l'extrémité d'entrée d'un corps d'injecteur tubulaire et par lequel un gaz primaire est injecté, et
    • - une entrée latérale d'aspiration, décalée par rapport à l'extrémité aval du venturi, et située dans une zone convergente ou à section constante
  • b) un étage d'injection comportant:
    • - une tuyère montée coaxialement à l'intérieur du corps d'injecteur et qui comprend une tête tubulaire évasée par laquelle elle est fixée dans le corps en aval de l'entrée d'aspiration et une portion tubulaire tronconique qui s'effile vers son extrémité de sortie en formant avec la paroi latérale du corps une chambre d'injection dans laquelle un gaz d'entraînement pariétal peut être injecté à travers des orifices percés dans le corps, et
    • - un diffuseur tubulaire fixé dans l'extrémité de sortie du corps, ledit diffuseur étant conformé sur sa paroi interne en convergent suivi d'un divergent, et étant positionné de manière que sa zone de section minimale se trouve au droit de l'extrémité de sortie de la portion tubulaire de la tuyère et définisse avec ladite extrémité un étroit intervalle annulaire pour le passage du gaz qui se trouve dans la chambre d'injection.
The ejector according to the invention is therefore such that it comprises:
  • a) a suction stage comprising:
    • a venturi adapted to the inlet end of a tubular injector body and by which a primary gas is injected, and
    • - a side suction inlet, offset from the downstream end of the venturi, and located in a convergent or constant section area
  • b) an injection stage comprising:
    • - a nozzle mounted coaxially inside the injector body and which comprises a flared tubular head by which it is fixed in the body downstream of the suction inlet and a frustoconical tubular portion which tapers towards its end exit by forming with the side wall of the body an injection chamber into which a parietal entrainment gas can be injected through orifices drilled in the body, and
    • - A tubular diffuser fixed in the outlet end of the body, said diffuser being shaped on its internal wall in convergence followed by a divergent, and being positioned so that its zone of minimum section is located at the right of the end of exit from the tubular portion of the nozzle and define with said end a narrow annular gap for the passage of the gas which is in the injection chamber.

Avantageusement, la portion tubulaire tronconique de la tuyère présente une longueur au moins égale à huit fois son diamètre intérieur d'entrée, afin de permettre une tranquillisation du mélange gaz/poudre.Advantageously, the frustoconical tubular portion of the nozzle has a length at least equal to eight times its internal inlet diameter, in order to allow the gas / powder mixture to be tranquilized.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, l'entrée latérale d'aspiration débouche légèrement en amont de l'extrémité aval du venturi.According to a first embodiment, the lateral suction inlet opens slightly upstream from the downstream end of the venturi.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation l'entrée latérale d'aspiration débouche légèrement en amont de l'extrémité aval du venturi.According to another embodiment, the lateral suction inlet opens slightly upstream from the downstream end of the venturi.

Dans l'un et l'autre modes de réalisation, l'étage d'aspiration et l'étage d'injection sont totalement indépendants l'un de l'autre, de sorte que l'on peut modifier le débit à l'aspiration sans pour autant que le débit total refoulé le soit. Il sera donc aisé de régler les débits jusqu'à obtenir les conditions optimales d'éjection, à savoir d'une part, une dépression suffisante à l'aspiration de la poudre avec un débit atmosphérique le plus faible possible par rapport au débit total refoulé, de manière à éviter le compactage de la poudre et à rendre négligeable la perturbation introduite par l'extraction de la poudre, et d'autre part, un débit nominal élevé pour le refoulement de la suspension.In both embodiments, the suction stage and the injection stage are completely independent of each other, so that the flow rate at suction can be modified without the total pumped flow being. It will therefore be easy to adjust the flow rates until the optimum ejection conditions are obtained, namely on the one hand, a sufficient vacuum at the suction of the powder with the lowest possible atmospheric flow rate compared to the total discharged flow rate. , so as to avoid compaction of the powder and to make negligible the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder, and on the other hand, a high nominal flow rate for the discharge of the suspension.

Avantageusement cet éjecteur selon l'invention est associé avec un système d'alimentation en poudre constitué par le doseur à plateau décrit dans la demande FR 85.00052. Dans ce cas, la sortie dudit doseur à plateau est reliée à l'entrée latérale d'aspiration de l'éjection.Advantageously, this ejector according to the invention is associated with a powder supply system constituted by the tray metering device described in application FR 85.00052. In this case, the outlet of said tray metering device is connected to the lateral suction inlet of the ejection.

Différents modes de réalisation de l'invention seront à présent décrits en détail en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe axiale de l'éjecteur selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • - la figure 2 montre une vue en coupe axiale de la partie supérieure de l'éjecteur selon un second mode de réalisation.
Different embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a view in axial section of the ejector according to a first embodiment,
  • - Figure 2 shows an axial sectional view of the upper part of the ejector according to a second embodiment.

L'éjecteur représenté sur la figure 1 comprend un corps 10 formé de deux pièces tubulaires 10' et 10" juxtaposées bout à bout. La première pièce tubulaire 10' se termine à son extrémité d'entrée par une portion manchonnée 12 dans laquelle est fixé coaxialement par tout moyen connu, un venturi 14 par lequel un gaz primaire est injecté. Le venturi débouche à l'intérieur d'une chambre d'aspiration 16, définie à l'intérieur de ladite pièce 10'.The ejector shown in FIG. 1 comprises a body 10 formed by two tubular pieces 10 ′ and 10 "juxtaposed end to end. The first tubular piece 10 ′ ends at its inlet end by a sleeved portion 12 in which is fixed coaxially by any known means, a venturi 14 through which a primary gas is injected.The venturi opens out inside a suction chamber 16, defined inside said part 10 ′.

Sur la paroi latérale de celle-ci est formé un embout 18 auquel peut être raccordée une tubulure (non représentée) par laquelle la poudre est aspirée depuis un doseur de poudre. L'embout incliné par rapport à l'axe du venturi dans le sens de l'écoulement du gaz primaire et débouche dans la chambre d'aspiration 16, de façon décalée par rapport au nez 20 du venturi, de manière que la poudre aspirée ne se dépose pas sur ce dernier, et notamment légèrement en aval dudit nez 20.On the side wall thereof is formed a nozzle 18 to which can be connected a tube (not shown) through which the powder is sucked from a powder metering device. The nozzle inclined with respect to the axis of the venturi in the direction of the flow of the primary gas and opens into the suction chamber 16, offset from the nose 20 of the venturi, so that the powder sucked does not is not deposited on the latter, and in particular slightly downstream of said nose 20.

Cet embout 18 débouche dans une zone où les courants gazeux sont stabilisés, c'est-à-dire dans une zone soit à section constante soit convergente.This nozzle 18 opens into an area where the gas streams are stabilized, that is to say in an area either of constant section or converging.

La pièce 10', l'embout 18, le venturi 14 et la chambre d'aspiration 16 forment l'étage d'aspiration de l'éjecteur.The part 10 ', the nozzle 18, the venturi 14 and the suction chamber 16 form the suction stage of the ejector.

La pièce 10" est assemblée à la pièce 10' par tout moyen connu. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré par la figure 1, l'assemblage est réalisé de l'intérieur au moyen d'une tuyère 22 coaxiale aux pièces 10' et 10". Cette tuyère comporte à cet effet une tête évasée 24 qui vient se loger dans des gorges 26, 28 formées sur les bords internes des extrémités adjacentes des pièces 10' et 10". Ces dernières peuvent être soient emmanchées à force sur la tête, soit vissées sur elle.The part 10 "is assembled to the part 10 'by any known means. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the assembly is carried out from the inside by means of a nozzle 22 coaxial with the parts 10' and 10 ". This nozzle comprises for this purpose a flared head 24 which is housed in grooves 26, 28 formed on the internal edges of the adjacent ends of the parts 10 'and 10 ". The latter can either be force fitted on the head, or screwed on her.

La tête de la tuyère se prolonge par une portion tubulaire 30 presque entièrement contenue dans la pièce 10". Ladite portion tubulaire présente extérieurement une forme tronconique qui s'effile depuis la tête 24 jusqu'à son extrémité de sortie, et intérieurement une forme cylindrique de diamètre pratiquement constant et choisie de façon que l'épaisseur de paroi à l'extrémité de sortie de la portion tubulaire soit relativement faible.The nozzle head is extended by a tubular portion 30 almost entirely contained in the piece 10 ". Said tubular portion externally has a frustoconical shape which tapers from the head 24 to its outlet end, and internally a cylindrical shape of practically constant diameter and chosen so that the wall thickness at the outlet end of the tubular portion is relatively small.

Avantageusement, la portion tubulaire tronconique de la tuyère présente une longueur au moins égale à huit fois son diamètre intérieur d'entrée afin de permettre une tranquillisation du mélange de gaz et de poudre.Advantageously, the frustoconical tubular portion of the nozzle has a length at least equal to eight times its internal inlet diameter in order to allow the mixture of gas and powder to be tranquilized.

La paroi latérale interne de la chambre d'aspiration 16 se raccorde progressivement à celle de la portion tubulaire par l'intermédiaire d'un alésage convergent 32 formé dans la tête de tuyère 24.The internal side wall of the suction chamber 16 is progressively connected to that of the tubular portion by means of a converging bore 32 formed in the nozzle head 24.

La paroi de la pièce 10" est percée d'orifices tangentiels 34 pour l'injection de gaz pariétal d'entraînement dans la chambre annulaire d'injection 36 qui est définie entre la pièce 10" et la portion tubulaire 30.The wall of the part 10 "is pierced with tangential orifices 34 for the injection of parietal driving gas into the annular injection chamber 36 which is defined between the part 10" and the tubular portion 30.

A l'extrémité de sortie de la pièce 10" est fixé un diffuseur 38 présentant sur sa paroi interne un convergent 40 suivi d'un divergent 42. Le convergent 40 présente à son entrée une section égale à la section interne de la pièce 10" et sa zone 44 la plus étroite à une section légèrement supérieure à la section externe de la portion tubulaire à son extrémité de sortie et se trouve au droit de cette dernière. Il en résulte qu'un étroit intervalle annulaire 46 est laissé libre pour le passage du gaz pariétal vers le divergent 42.At the outlet end of the part 10 "is fixed a diffuser 38 having on its internal wall a con vergent 40 followed by a divergent 42. The convergent 40 has at its entry a section equal to the internal section of the part 10 "and its zone 44 the narrowest at a section slightly greater than the external section of the tubular portion at its outlet end and is located to the right of the latter, as a result a narrow annular gap 46 is left free for the passage of the parietal gas towards the divergent 42.

La pièce 10" et la tuyère 22 définissent l'étage d'injection de l'éjecteur pneumatique.The part 10 "and the nozzle 22 define the injection stage of the pneumatic ejector.

La figure 2 montre une variante de réalisation de la partie supérieure de l'éjecteur de la figure 1.FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the upper part of the ejector of FIG. 1.

Dans cette variante, l'étage d'aspiration de l'éjecteur est modifié en ce sens que l'embout d'aspiration n'est plus situé de façon à déboucher légèrement en aval du nez du venturi. Il est, comme précédemment, décalé par rapport à ce nez de venturi, mais il occupe une position telle qu'il débouche en amont dudit nez.In this variant, the suction stage of the ejector is modified in the sense that the suction end piece is no longer located so as to open slightly downstream of the venturi nose. It is, as before, offset with respect to this venturi nose, but it occupies a position such that it opens upstream of said nose.

Cette forme de réalisation modifiée est particulièrement avantageuse lorsqu'on désire associer l'éjecteur avec un cyclone capable d'effectuer un tri des particules de poudre en fonction de leur taille.This modified embodiment is particularly advantageous when it is desired to associate the ejector with a cyclone capable of sorting the powder particles according to their size.

La chambre d'aspiration, référencée 56 dans cette variante de réalisation, est alors constituée par l'espace intérieur d'un cyclone dont les parois 55 entourent le venturi 14 qui amène le gaz primaire. Ce cyclone possède des amenées de courants gazeux, non représentées, permettant son fonctionnement. Il se raccorde à son extrémité aval, de la même façon que la chambre d'aspiration 16 de la réalisation de la figure 1, à la tête évasée de la tuyère de l'étage d'injection qui, lui, est inchangé.The suction chamber, referenced 56 in this alternative embodiment, is then constituted by the interior space of a cyclone, the walls 55 of which surround the venturi 14 which supplies the primary gas. This cyclone has gas stream leads, not shown, allowing its operation. It is connected at its downstream end, in the same way as the suction chamber 16 of the embodiment of FIG. 1, to the flared head of the nozzle of the injection stage which, for its part, is unchanged.

Avantageusement, l'embout d'aspiration, référencé 58 dans cette variante, par lequel est introduite la poudre en suspension dans un courant gazeux, est disposé en position supérieure du cyclone et il occupe une orientation tangentielle par rapport à la paroi 55 dudit cyclone, éventuellement inclinée par rapport à l'axe du venturi.Advantageously, the suction nozzle, referenced 58 in this variant, by which the powder suspended in a gas stream is introduced, is placed in the upper position of the cyclone and it occupies a tangential orientation relative to the wall 55 of said cyclone, possibly inclined with respect to the axis of the venturi.

Eventuellement, en aval du nez 20 du venturi 14 est prévu un second étage de cyclone.Optionally, downstream of the nose 20 of the venturi 14, a second cyclone stage is provided.

Dans ces conditions, les parois 55 sont prolongées jusqu'à descendre en dessous du nez 20 du venturi 14 et des amenées tangentielles de courants gazeux, non représentées sont alors disposées au travers de la partie basse de ces parois 55 pour alimenter ce cyclone. Ces amenées de courants gazeux et les parois 55 sont disposées et conformées de façon à se trouver à la périphérie du flux gazeux issu du venturi 14. En aval des amenées de gaz de ce nouveau cyclone, la paroi interne de la chambre d'aspiration 56 se raccorde comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent à la tuyère 22.Under these conditions, the walls 55 are extended until it descends below the nose 20 of the venturi 14 and tangential feeds of gas streams, not shown, are then placed through the lower part of these walls 55 to supply this cyclone. These gas stream leads and the walls 55 are arranged and shaped so as to be at the periphery of the gas stream coming from the venturi 14. Downstream of the gas leads of this new cyclone, the internal wall of the suction chamber 56 connects as in the previous embodiment to the nozzle 22.

Le fonctionnement des éjecteurs montrés sur les figures 1 et 2 est le suivant: on injecte dans le venturi 14 le gaz primaire. Celui-ci crée dans la chambre d'aspiration 16 ou 56 une dépression qui a pour effet d'aspirer la poudre depuis un doseur de poudre, par l'intermédiaire d'une tuyauterie et de l'embout 18 ou 58. L'aspiration étant effectuée à la pression atmosphérique, la poudre reste sous la forme fluide non compactée qu'elle a dans le doseur. Compte tenu de l'arrivée de l'embout 18 ou 58 dans une région à section constante ou convergente, c'est-à-dire dans une zone où les courants gazeux sont stabilités, aucun risque de déstabilisation des écoulements n'est à craindre; il en résulte une homogénéité optimale du mélange de gaz et de poudre pour ce niveau de l'installation. Un débit constant de poudre finement divisée est donc entraîné par le gaz primaire vers la tuyère. Dans cette dernière, la poudre et le gaz primaire au fur et à mesure de leur progression se mélangent intimement pour former une suspension homogène.The operation of the ejectors shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is as follows: the primary gas is injected into the venturi 14. This creates a vacuum in the suction chamber 16 or 56 which has the effect of sucking the powder from a powder doser, via a pipe and the nozzle 18 or 58. The suction being carried out at atmospheric pressure, the powder remains in the uncompacted fluid form which it has in the metering device. Given the arrival of the nozzle 18 or 58 in a region of constant or convergent section, that is to say in an area where the gas currents are stable, no risk of destabilization of the flows is to be feared ; this results in optimal homogeneity of the gas and powder mixture for this level of the installation. A constant flow of finely divided powder is therefore entrained by the primary gas towards the nozzle. In the latter, the powder and the primary gas as they progress mix intimately to form a homogeneous suspension.

La suspension est ensuite refoulée dans le divergent 42 (voir figure 1) par le gaz pariétal d'entraînement qui est injecté à travers les orifices 34. Son passage à travers le convergent 40 et l'intervalle 46, lui fait acquérir une vitesse élevée qui peut être sonique. La suspension fortement diluée dans le gaz pariétal, est projetée sur un substrat qui défile à vitesse constante devant le diffuseur 38. Le substrat se recouvre d'une couche de poudre ou de matière résultant de la décomposition de la poudre.The suspension is then discharged into the divergent 42 (see FIG. 1) by the parietal driving gas which is injected through the orifices 34. Its passage through the convergent 40 and the interval 46, makes it acquire a high speed which can be sonic. The suspension, highly diluted in the parietal gas, is sprayed onto a substrate which passes at a constant speed in front of the diffuser 38. The substrate is covered with a layer of powder or of material resulting from the decomposition of the powder.

Dans le cas où, comme représenté figure 2, l'éjecteur est associé à un cyclone, les particules de poudre qui peuvent être de tailles variées subissent un véritable tri à l'intérieur dudit cyclone, chaque catégorie de particules s'inscrivant sur une trajectoire différente, les plus lourdes adoptant les trajectoires les plus larges.In the case where, as shown in FIG. 2, the ejector is associated with a cyclone, the powder particles which may be of various sizes undergo a true sorting within said cyclone, each category of particles entering on a trajectory different, the heaviest adopting the widest trajectories.

Au moment de la rencontre des courants de particules avec le gaz issu du venturi 14 qui arrive à grande vitesse, éventuellement sonique, les particules sur le trajet gazeux voient leur trajectoire profondément perturbée, ce qui les amène, notamment par chocs entre elles, à se fragementer pour donner des particules plus petites.When the particle currents meet with the gas coming from the venturi 14 which arrives at high speed, possibly sonic, the particles on the gas path see their trajectory deeply disturbed, which causes them, in particular by impacts between them, to rub down to give smaller particles.

Dans la mesure où un cyclone est prévu à un second niveau, les particules qui n'auraient pas été emportées par le flux gazeux issu du venturi 14, donc essentiellement les grosses particules ou les agglomérats qui s'inscrivent grâce au premier cyclone, sur une trajectoire large, sont soumis à l'action dudit second cyclone, ce qui entraîne leur fragmentation.Insofar as a cyclone is provided at a second level, the particles which would not have been carried away by the gas flow coming from the venturi 14, therefore essentially the large particles or the agglomerates which register thanks to the first cyclone, on a wide trajectory, are subjected to the action of said second cyclone, which leads to their fragmentation.

Selon l'invention, le premier étage des éjecteurs selon l'invention et l'autre variante où s'effectue l'aspiration de la poudre et le second étage où le gaz d'entraînement est injecté fonctionnent de façon tout à fait indépendante, puisqu'ils utilisent deux sources de gaz différents. Contrairement aux éjecteurs de la technique antérieure précédemment citée, il devient donc possible de modifier l'une des fonctions sans que cela n'entraîne une modification de l'autre fonction. Ainsi, on peut régler le rapport du débit d'aspiration au débit total refoulé à une valeur la plus faible possible pour que la perturbation introduite par l'extraction de la poudre soit négligeable. La plage de stabilité de l'éjecteur est donc bien plus large que dans les éjecteurs connus. La dépression à l'aspiration ainsi que le débit nominal du refoulement de la suspension peuvent être tous deux augmentés.According to the invention, the first stage of the ejectors according to the invention and the other variant where the powder is sucked in and the second stage where the entrainment gas is injected operate completely independently, since 'they use two different gas sources. Unlike the ejectors of the previously cited prior art, it therefore becomes possible to modify one of the functions without this resulting in a modification of the other function. Thus, the ratio of the suction flow rate to the total flow delivered can be adjusted to the lowest possible value so that the disturbance introduced by the extraction of the powder is negligible. The stability range of the ejector is therefore much wider than in known ejectors. Both the suction vacuum and the nominal suspension discharge rate can be increased.

L'éjecteur selon l'invention permet de fournir des suspensions de concentration nominale constante, avec des variations ne dépassant pas 1 % de la concentration nominale, et avec des débits de refoulement élevés, de l'ordre de 500 à 1000 m3/h. Les gaz primaires et d'entraînement, ainsi que les courants gazeux qui servent au fonctionnement du cyclone associé à l'éjecteur, sont en général de l'air, mais ils peuvent également être constitués par tout autre gaz, par exemple de l'azote.The ejector according to the invention makes it possible to provide suspensions of constant nominal concentration, with variations not exceeding 1% of the con nominal centering, and with high delivery rates, of the order of 500 to 1000 m 3 / h. The primary and driving gases, as well as the gas streams which are used for the operation of the cyclone associated with the ejector, are generally air, but they can also be constituted by any other gas, for example nitrogen .

L'utilisation de gaz autres que l'air est d'autant plus aisée que le débit d'aspiration de l'éjecteur selon l'invention est très faible.The use of gases other than air is all the easier when the suction flow rate of the ejector according to the invention is very low.

Une telle installation permet de diluer des quantités réduites de poudre dans des quantités de gaz importantes, tout en garantissant une parfaite homogénéité du mélange en chaque point de la section à la sortie de l'éjecteur, aussi bien qu'à chaque instant.Such an installation makes it possible to dilute reduced quantities of powder in large quantities of gas, while guaranteeing perfect homogeneity of the mixture at each point of the section at the outlet of the ejector, as well as at all times.

Par exemple, des débits à la sortie de cet éjecteur de 20 à 35 kg de poudre en suspension homogène dans 400 Nm3 de gaz sont habituels.For example, flow rates at the outlet of this ejector from 20 to 35 kg of powder in homogeneous suspension in 400 Nm 3 of gas are usual.

Cet éjecteur est avantageusement alimenté par le doseur à plateau décrit dans la demande française n° 85.00052. Ce doseur permet de distribuer une poudre de façon continue, avec des débits compatibles avec ceux requis par l'application revêtement de substrats notamment en verre, sans réaliser de compactage.This ejector is advantageously supplied by the tray doser described in French application No. 85.00052. This dispenser makes it possible to dispense a powder continuously, with flow rates compatible with those required by the coating application of substrates, in particular glass, without carrying out compaction.

Un tel doseur comprend essentiellement:

  • - un bol à fond plat ouvert, alimenté en continu et à niveau constant, ledit bol étant à la pression atmosphérique et étant équipé d'un agitateur,
  • - un plateau circulaire horizontal animé d'un mouvement de rotation autour de son axe relativement au bol et ayant une face supérieure plane sur laquelle est formée au moins une rainure circulaire centrée sur l'axe du plateau, ledit plateau étant appliqué sur sa face supérieure contre le fond du bol, avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité à faible coefficient de frottement, le bol étant excentré par rapport au plateau, de manière qu'une fraction de la longueur de la rainure passe dans le bol et que la portion restante passe à l'extérieur du bol, et
  • - un dispositif d'aspiration dont l'orifice débouche en un point de la portion de rainure extérieure au bol.
Such a dispenser essentially comprises:
  • - a bowl with an open flat bottom, fed continuously and at a constant level, said bowl being at atmospheric pressure and being equipped with an agitator,
  • - A horizontal circular plate animated by a rotation movement around its axis relative to the bowl and having a flat upper face on which is formed at least one circular groove centered on the axis of the plate, said plate being applied on its upper face against the bottom of the bowl, with the interposition of a seal with a low coefficient of friction, the bowl being eccentric relative to the plate, so that a fraction of the length of the groove passes through the bowl and the portion remaining goes outside the bowl, and
  • - a suction device, the orifice of which opens out at a point in the groove portion outside the bowl.

L'éjecteur selon l'invention constitue alors le dispositif d'aspiration du doseur et l'entrée latérale 18, 58 de l'éjecteur a son orifice d'entrée qui surplombe un point de la portion de rainure extérieure au bol.The ejector according to the invention then constitutes the suction device of the dispenser and the lateral inlet 18, 58 of the ejector has its inlet orifice which overhangs a point in the portion of groove outside the bowl.

Avantageusement, de façon à marginaliser un peu plus le débit d'entrée de poudre en suspension, l'embout 18, 58, reçoit également un débit supplémentaire de gaz, par exemple d'air. Ce débit est forcé et contrôlé.Advantageously, so as to further marginalize the flow rate of powder in suspension, the nozzle 18, 58, also receives an additional flow of gas, for example air. This flow is forced and controlled.

Cet ensemble doseur, éjecteur est utilisé pour alimenter un répartiteur de poudre tel que décrit dans la demande française sous le numéro 2 548 556, lequel alimente à son tour une buse de distribution telle que décrite dans la demande de brevet français publiée sous le numéro 2 542 636.This metering and ejector assembly is used to feed a powder distributor as described in the French application under the number 2 548 556, which in turn feeds a distribution nozzle as described in the French patent application published under the number 2 542,636.

Cet ensemble est utilisé pour réaliser des couches minces, d'épaisseur de l'ordre de 0,1 à 0,2 microns, avec des variations d'épaisseur qui peuvent être inférieures à 50 Angstroems à partir de poudres décomposables à la chaleur, telles D.B.T.O. (oxyde de dibutyl-étain), D.B.T.F. (fluorure de dibutyl-étain), formiate d'indium ou des mélanges de ces poudres.This set is used to make thin layers, of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 microns thick, with thickness variations which can be less than 50 Angstroems from powders decomposable by heat, such as DBTO (dibutyltin oxide), D.B.T.F. (dibutyltin fluoride), indium formate or mixtures of these powders.

Claims (13)

1. Pneumatic powder ejector comprising
a) a suction stage having:
- a venturi (14) fitted to the inlet end of a tubular injector member (10) and by which a primary gas is injected and
- a lateral suction inlet (15, 58) displaced with respect to the downstream of the venturi and located in a convergent zone or a zone with a constant section,
b) an injection stage having:
- a nozzle (22) mounted coaxially within the injector member and which comprises a widened tubular head (24) by which it is fixed in the downstream body of the suction inlet (18, 58) and a truncated cone-shaped tubular portion (30) tapering towards its outlet end, whilst forming the side wall of the member an injection chamber (36) into which the parietal air can be injected through orifices (34) made in the member and
- a tubular diffuser (38) fixed in the outlet end of the member, the inner wall of said diffuser being shaped to form a combining zone (40) followed by a diverging zone (42) and being positioned in such a way that its minimum cross-section zone (44) is to the right of the outlet end of the tubular portion (30) of the nozzle and defines with said end a narrow annular gap (46) for the passage of the air located in the injection chamber (36).
2. Pneumatic powder ejector according to claim 1, wherein the injector member (10) is formed from two end-to-end, juxtaposed tubular parts (10', 10") and having on the inner edge of their adjacent ends grooves (26, 28) by which they are fitted round the nozzle head (24).
3. Pneumatic powder ejector according to one of the claims 1 and 2, wherein the nozzle head (24) has a bore (32), whose section decreases progressively from its inlet end, where said section is equal to that of the suction chamber (16), until connected to the constant section bore of the tubular portion.
4. Pneumatic powder ejector according to any one of the precedding claims, wherein the lateral suction inlet (18, 58) has an axis inclined with respect to the venturi in the out flow direction of the primary gas.
5. Pneumatic powder ejector according to any one of the preceeding claims, wherein the truncated cone-shaped tubular portion (30) of nozzle (22) has a length which is at least equal to eight times its internal inlet diameter.
6. Pneumatic powder ejector according to one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the lateral suction inlet (58) issues upstream of the downstream end of the venturi in a suction chamber (56) surrounding the venturi (14).
7. Pneumatic powder ejector according to claim 6, wherein the lateral suction inlet (58) is constituted by a mouthpiece oriented tangentially with respect to the suction chamber wall.
8. Pneumatic ejector according to one of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the suction chamber (56) is constituted by the internal space of a cyclone (55) associated with the ejector.
9. Pneumatic ejector according to one of the claims 1 to 8, wherein a second cyclone is located beyond the downstream end of the venturi in the outflow direction of the primary gas.
10. Pneumatic powder ejector according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the lateral suction inlet (18) issues slightly beyond the downstream end of the venturi in the outflow direction of the primary gas.
11. Application of the ejector according to the preceeding claims to the coating of substrates raised to a high temperature with thin films from heat-decomposable powders, wherein said ejector is supplied by a doser incorporating:
- a bowl with a flat open bottom, which is continuously supplied and at a constant level, said bowl being at atmospheric pressure and being equipped with a stirrer,
- a horizontal circular plate performing a rotary movement about its axis relative to the bowl and having an upper planar face on which is formed at least one circular slot centred on the axis of the plate, said plate being applied by its upper face against the bottom of the bowl, with the interposing of a gasket having a low friction coefficient, the bowl being offcentred with respect to the plate, so that a fraction of the length of the slot passes into the bowl and the remaining portion passes outside the bowl and
- a suction device, whose orifice issues at a point of the slot portion outside the bowl and is connected to the ejector inlet.
12. Application of the ejector according to claim 11, wherein the inlet of the ejector connected to the doser suction system also receives a gas, such as air, at a forced and controlled flow rate.
EP85402604A 1985-01-04 1985-12-23 Pneumatic powder injector Expired EP0189709B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85402604T ATE40959T1 (en) 1985-01-04 1985-12-23 PNEUMATIC JET PUMP FOR POWDER SUBSTANCES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8500072 1985-01-04
FR8500072A FR2575678B1 (en) 1985-01-04 1985-01-04 PNEUMATIC POWDER EJECTOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0189709A1 EP0189709A1 (en) 1986-08-06
EP0189709B1 true EP0189709B1 (en) 1989-03-01

Family

ID=9315002

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85402604A Expired EP0189709B1 (en) 1985-01-04 1985-12-23 Pneumatic powder injector

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US4807814A (en)
EP (1) EP0189709B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61181559A (en)
KR (1) KR930000398B1 (en)
CN (1) CN85109727B (en)
AT (1) ATE40959T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1302981C (en)
DE (1) DE3568405D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8703754A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2575678B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN85109727A (en) 1986-07-23
DE3568405D1 (en) 1989-04-06
CA1302981C (en) 1992-06-09
CN85109727B (en) 1988-12-14
ES8703754A1 (en) 1987-03-01
ATE40959T1 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0189709A1 (en) 1986-08-06
KR860005653A (en) 1986-08-11
ES550495A0 (en) 1987-03-01
US4807814A (en) 1989-02-28
JPH0359743B2 (en) 1991-09-11
KR930000398B1 (en) 1993-01-18
FR2575678B1 (en) 1988-06-03
FR2575678A1 (en) 1986-07-11
JPS61181559A (en) 1986-08-14

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