EP1480756B2 - Device for spraying liquid coating product - Google Patents

Device for spraying liquid coating product Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1480756B2
EP1480756B2 EP03722683.4A EP03722683A EP1480756B2 EP 1480756 B2 EP1480756 B2 EP 1480756B2 EP 03722683 A EP03722683 A EP 03722683A EP 1480756 B2 EP1480756 B2 EP 1480756B2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
spraying device
liquid
distribution surface
spraying
distributor
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EP03722683.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1480756A1 (en
EP1480756B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Ballu
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Sames Kremlin SAS
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Sames Kremlin SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1064—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces the liquid or other fluent material to be sprayed being axially supplied to the rotating member through a hollow rotating shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/14—Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts
    • B05B15/18—Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts for improving resistance to wear, e.g. inserts or coatings; for indicating wear; for handling or replacing worn parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0403—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B05B5/0407—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member with a spraying edge, e.g. like a cup or a bell

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spray device, commonly referred to as a spray bowl, intended to spray a liquid coating product into fine droplets; it applies in particular to the spraying of any type of paint or varnish, liquid.
  • the invention also relates to any sprayer with a rotating head, equipped with such a spraying device.
  • the invention applies preferentially to a sprayer with a very high speed of rotation, typically of the order of 50,000 to 100,000 revolutions per minute.
  • the patent US 2658472 describes a spray bell inside which there are liquid ejection nozzles directed towards the distribution surface. The presence of these nozzles disturbs the rotational drive of the volume of air inside the spray bell. In addition, the nozzles deposit the liquid at a very short distance from the spray edge, which is unfavorable to a good spreading of the liquid on said distribution surface, before it is sprayed on the edge of the bell.
  • the invention proposes a rotary spray device having a combination of several characteristics which combine to obtain a finer spray, with an extremely narrow diameter distribution of the droplets, making it possible to obtain, in the case in particular of a paint, a better aspect of the deposit.
  • the invention relates to a device for spraying liquid coating product according to claim 1.
  • trumpet shape of this surface is favorable to good cleaning using a liquid cleaning product injected instead of the liquid to be sprayed. More precisely, this surface has no discontinuity that could lead to an undesirable accumulation of certain components of the liquid to be sprayed, in particular certain pigments.
  • the spray edge can be a sharp or notched edge. Streaks can be printed in this surface, in the vicinity of the spraying edge, or placed on the distribution surface.
  • the profile of the distribution surface along a half-section passing through the axis of rotation of said rotary bowl has substantially the shape of an exponential.
  • fast growth we mean any function whose derivative grows with the variable. It is also possible to adopt as profile a section of hyperbolic function. Any linear combination of these types of curves is also suitable.
  • any rotating spray bowl combining a central supply (that is to say an axial injection of liquid, in the hub) with a distribution surface of the type described above, is within the scope of the invention. .
  • the bowl comprises a distributor mounted in the axial extension of said hub, extending to the bottom of said deflector and comprising a core obstructing the axial flow of the liquid and radial passages arranged at the rear of said core to directing at least the greater part of the flow of liquid towards said distribution surface.
  • a liquid spray device 11 comprising an element of revolution 12 intended to be driven in rotation, at relatively high speed around a main axis x′ x.
  • This device is particularly suitable for the electrostatic spraying of liquid coating products such as paints or varnishes.
  • the element of revolution 12 consists essentially of an axial, tubular hub 13, extended forwards by a divergent centrifugal deflector 14 having a circular spray edge 15 .
  • the hub 13 constitutes or houses a liquid supply conduit. The liquid to be sprayed propagates forwards until it reaches a continuous distribution surface 18 extending between the hub and the spray edge.
  • the hub 13 is intended to be mounted at the end of a hollow shaft of a drive device, not shown.
  • this drive device is a compressed air turbine.
  • the liquid to be sprayed is introduced by an injector 17 placed in the hollow shaft of this turbine and in the hub. It flows forwards spreading over said distribution surface 18.
  • Said hub 13 has a thread 20 by which it can be fixed to the shaft of the turbine.
  • the attachment may be magnetic as described in the document EN 2805182 .
  • Said distribution surface 18 has the overall shape of a trumpet horn and the liquid emerging from the hub 13, more precisely here from the injector 17, is distributed in a thin film on the distribution surface while progressing to the edge of spraying where it is atomized into fine droplets, under the effect of centrifugal force.
  • the centrifugal deflector 14 is at least partially made of electrically conductive material. It is generally placed at a high negative electrical potential, close to 100 kV, and the object to be painted is placed at ground potential.
  • the latter may for example be made of metal, or internally covered with an electrically conductive layer.
  • the action of the high electric field, in the vicinity of the spray edge 15, also contributes, like the effect of the centrifugal force, to breaking the thin film into fine droplets.
  • a continuous profile of the centrifugal divergent deflector such as that given by a trumpet shape, makes it possible, due to its large radius of curvature, to concentrate the electric field in the zone having the smallest radius of curvature, that is to say i.e. on the spray edge, precisely where the droplets are formed by essentially mechanical effect.
  • the trumpet shape is therefore favorable to all the means which contribute to the good spraying of the liquid on the spraying edge, that is to say a mechanical effect and an electrostatic effect.
  • the distribution surface 18 has the overall shape of a trumpet bell. In other words, said distribution surface generally has a certain convexity directed towards the object to be covered. Typically, the distribution surface along a half-section passing through the axis of rotation has here substantially the shape of an exponential.
  • the element of revolution 12 composed of the hub and the centrifugal deflector houses means for substantially radially deflecting part of the liquid towards the innermost part of the distribution surface 18.
  • These means consist of a distributor 22 mounted in the extension axial of the hub 13 and partly extending to the bottom of the deflector 14.
  • This distributor has the function of deflecting the liquid introduced axially so that the greater part of the flow of liquid is directed towards the distribution surface 18 in the zone la more internal to it.
  • This distributor 22 comprises a core 24 obstructing the axial flow of the liquid. It is provided with radial passages 26 arranged at the rear of the core.
  • the core 24 comprises a lateral surface of revolution 28 extending opposite and at a distance from the distribution surface 18, in the innermost zone of the latter, to define with said surface an annular passage 30 extending said radial passages.
  • the distributor 22 comprises a tubular element of revolution 32, of which a mounting portion 34, rear, is fixed inside the axial hub 13.
  • the injector 17 ends in a nozzle engaged in the axial cavity of the mounting portion 34, opposite the rear face of the core 24.
  • the radial passages 26 are constituted by three cutouts made in the element 32 between said mounting portion and the core 24. In fact, these three cutouts do not leave in the element 32 that three bridges 36 circumferentially offset at 120 degrees from each other and connecting said mounting portion 34 to the core 24.
  • the greater part of the liquid injected axially by the hub 13 passes through the element 32 until coming to strike the rear face of the core 24 and continues its flow radially until it meets the distribution surface 18 on which it spreads while progressing forwards to the spray edge 15.
  • the most central part of the deflector is lined internally with an annular wear part 50 integrated into the innermost part of the distribution surface 18. More particularly, the visible, inner surface of this annular part marries and extends the distribution surface 18 without any break in continuity. It is generally located radially on the outside and opposite the radial passages 26.
  • This annular wear part can be fitted into the bottom of the deflector. In this case, it is planned to be replaced regularly.
  • the annular part can on the contrary be made of a material that is very resistant to abrasion (ceramic, hard metal, etc.) or at least its internal surface, facing the radial passages 26, can be covered with a material abrasion resistant, for example titanium nitride.
  • at least the innermost part of the distribution surface 18 (that is to say that which faces the passages 26) is covered with a layer of material resistant to abrasion.
  • the core 24 comprises four divergent channels 38 extending between the rear surface thereof and an annular abutment surface 39 surrounding an axial passage 40 extending in a front part of said core.
  • This comprises a first insert 44 fixed in the front part of the distributor, more particularly at the front of the element 32.
  • the annular abutment surface 39 extending opposite the orifices of the divergent channels 38 and the axial passage 40 which extends this annular abutment surface are defined in the insert 44.
  • a cylindrical housing, defined at the rear of the stopper, houses a second insert 46 containing the four divergent channels.
  • the distributor 22 that is to say more particularly the element of revolution 32, is force-fitted inside the hub 13 while the first insert 44 is itself force-fitted in the front part of said distributor.
  • the insert 46 is for its part mounted by force in the insert 44. All these elements can be made of plastic or metal. Operation is as follows.
  • the liquid When the liquid is introduced under pressure into the injector 17, it strikes the rear face of the core 24 and is partly deflected radially to the bottom of the distribution surface 18. The liquid continues to spread, under the effect of centrifugal force, on this surface forming an increasingly thin thin film as it progresses towards the edge of the spray. When the liquid reaches the spray edge, it is sprayed into fine droplets.
  • a small part of the liquid enters the divergent channels 38 and strikes the annular abutment surface 39.
  • This secondary flow of liquid bypasses the rounded surface 42 of the axial passage 40 without being projected forwards and progresses radially towards the exterior on the front surface of the dispenser until it joins the main flow of liquid flowing along the distribution surface 18.
  • the front of the dispenser is constantly wetted with liquid. If the liquid is paint or varnish, there is therefore no risk of it drying on the surface of the dispenser.
  • the spray device can easily be cleaned by injecting a cleaning liquid instead of the liquid coating product.
  • the ratio between the maximum diameter of the distributor 22 and the diameter of the spray edge 15 can be between 5 and 60%. Preferably, this ratio will be between 10 and 40%.
  • the diameter of the spray edge is generally between 25 and 100 mm.
  • any liquid sprayer in particular any paint or varnish sprayer, characterized in that it comprises a spraying device as described above.
  • a sprayer generally consists of a drive device in rotation, such as for example a compressed air turbine, carrying the spraying device and arranged to allow axial injection of liquid to be sprayed inside the hub.
  • This sprayer is generally supplemented by a high voltage power supply carrying the centrifugal deflector 14 (conductive, for example metallic) to a high voltage.
  • the speed of rotation can be from 50,000 to 100,000 rpm and the device which has just been described is remarkable for its ability to give a very fine and very regular spray (small difference in droplet size) , this in a very wide range of rotational speeds.

Abstract

A device for spraying a liquid coating product includes a hub forming or accommodating a liquid feed pipe and a divergent centrifugal deflector having a distribution surface whose overall shape is that of a trumpet bell. Applications include electrostatic painting.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de pulvérisation, couramment appelé bol de pulvérisation, destiné à pulvériser un produit de revêtement liquide en fines gouttelettes ; elle s'applique notamment à la pulvérisation de tout type de peinture ou vernis, liquide. L'invention concerne également tout pulvérisateur à tête rotative, équipé d'un tel dispositif de pulvérisation. L'invention s'applique préférentiellement à un pulvérisateur à très grande vitesse de rotation, typiquement de l'ordre de 50 000 à 100 000 tours par minute.The invention relates to a spray device, commonly referred to as a spray bowl, intended to spray a liquid coating product into fine droplets; it applies in particular to the spraying of any type of paint or varnish, liquid. The invention also relates to any sprayer with a rotating head, equipped with such a spraying device. The invention applies preferentially to a sprayer with a very high speed of rotation, typically of the order of 50,000 to 100,000 revolutions per minute.

On connaît de nombreux types de dispositifs de pulvérisation de produit de revêtement en forme de bol ou cloche, tournant à grande vitesse. Le produit à pulvériser s'écoule sur la surface intérieure du bol et, sous l'effet de la force centrifuge, parvient jusqu'au bord de celui-ci où il est pulvérisé en fines gouttelettes. Le bol est le plus souvent conformé pour que la surface qui fait face à l'objet à recouvrir soit globalement concave, souvent tronconique. Par exemple, le document EP 0951942 décrit un bol à surface de répartition tronconique. La revendication 1 est délimitée en rapport avecMany types of high-speed rotating bowl or bell-shaped coating product spray devices are known. The product to be sprayed flows over the inner surface of the bowl and, under the effect of centrifugal force, reaches the edge of the latter where it is sprayed into fine droplets. The bowl is most often shaped so that the surface which faces the object to be coated is generally concave, often frustoconical. For example, the document EP 0951942 describes a bowl with a tapered distribution surface. Claim 1 is delimited in relation to

le document US 692631 qui décrit un dispositif rotatif et électrostatique à charge externe permettant de disperser un liquide en filets, formant des fibres textiles au fur et à mesure que le liquide se solidifie dans l'air par dispersion et évaporation de ses composantes les plus volatiles. Les fibres se forment au-delà du dispositif rotatif parce que le liquide est soumis à un champ électrique créé entre deux électrodes situées en aval du dispositif rotatif. Ce document ne concerne pas la pulvérisation électrostatique de produit de revêtement liquide. De plus, la vitesse de rotation est insuffisante pour pulvériser le liquide par le seul effet de la force centrifuge. Le liquide est sous forme d'une fine couche lorsqu'il s'engage dans la zone où règne le champ électrique.the document US 692631 which describes a rotary and electrostatic device with an external charge making it possible to disperse a liquid in nets, forming textile fibers as the liquid solidifies in the air by dispersion and evaporation of its most volatile components. The fibers are formed beyond the rotating device because the liquid is subjected to an electric field created between two electrodes located downstream of the rotating device. This document does not cover the electrostatic spraying of liquid coating material. In addition, the speed of rotation is insufficient to spray the liquid by the sole effect of centrifugal force. The liquid is in the form of a thin layer when it enters the area where the electric field prevails.

On sait que, pour obtenir une pulvérisation fine et régulière, la régularité de l'étalement du liquide sur la surface de répartition, jusqu'à l'arête de pulvérisation, a une importance particulière. Notamment, le volume d'air entraîné en rotation à l'intérieur du bol peut engendrer un frottement sur la pellicule de liquide qui s'écoule sur la surface de répartition, ayant une influence favorable sur l'étalement et la qualité de pulvérisation. Il faut néanmoins que rien ne perturbe la mise en rotation de ce volume d'air, confiné à l'intérieur de la cavité du bol.It is known that, in order to obtain a fine and regular spray, the regularity of the spreading of the liquid over the distribution surface, up to the spray edge, is of particular importance. In particular, the volume of air driven in rotation inside the bowl can generate friction on the film of liquid which flows over the distribution surface, having a favorable influence on the spreading and the quality of spraying. However, nothing must disturb the rotation of this volume of air, confined inside the cavity of the bowl.

Le brevet US 2658472 décrit une cloche de pulvérisation à l'intérieur de laquelle se trouvent des buses d'éjection du liquide dirigées vers la surface de répartition. La présence de ces buses perturbe l'entraînement en rotation du volume d'air à l'intérieur de la cloche de pulvérisation. En outre, les buses déposent le liquide à une très faible distance de l'arête de pulvérisation, ce qui est défavorable à un bon étalement du liquide sur ladite surface de répartition, avant sa pulvérisation sur le bord de la cloche.The patent US 2658472 describes a spray bell inside which there are liquid ejection nozzles directed towards the distribution surface. The presence of these nozzles disturbs the rotational drive of the volume of air inside the spray bell. In addition, the nozzles deposit the liquid at a very short distance from the spray edge, which is unfavorable to a good spreading of the liquid on said distribution surface, before it is sprayed on the edge of the bell.

L'invention propose un dispositif de pulvérisation rotatif présentant une combinaison de plusieurs caractéristiques qui se conjuguent pour obtenir une pulvérisation plus fine, avec une distribution de diamètre des gouttelettes extrêmement resserrée, permettant d'obtenir, dans le cas notamment d'une peinture, un meilleur aspect du dépôt.The invention proposes a rotary spray device having a combination of several characteristics which combine to obtain a finer spray, with an extremely narrow diameter distribution of the droplets, making it possible to obtain, in the case in particular of a paint, a better aspect of the deposit.

Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un dispositif de pulvérisation de produit de revêtement liquide selon la revendication 1.More specifically, the invention relates to a device for spraying liquid coating product according to claim 1.

Il est permis de penser que ce type de surface répartition, combinée au fait que la cavité du bol est débarrassée de tout injecteur en raison du dépôt du liquide au fond du pavillon, optimalise l'action de l'air mis en rotation dans la cavité du bol sur le film de liquide qui s'écoule sur la surface de répartition. On obtient ainsi un amincissement significatif de l'épaisseur de la couche de liquide (typiquement la peinture) sur ladite surface de répartition au fur et à mesure qu'il se dirige vers l'arête de pulvérisation et une bonne régularité de l'épaisseur de cette couche. L'amincissement de l'épaisseur de la couche, au fur et à mesure de sa progression vers le bord de pulvérisation est aussi attribuable à un fort accroissement de la surface de la couronne élémentaire de répartition, selon la perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation, en raison même de la forme, "en trompette", de la surface de répartition, cet accroissement de surface se combinant avec celui de la vitesse centrifuge du liquide, lié à la distance par rapport à l'axe.It is possible to think that this type of surface distribution, combined with the fact that the cavity of the bowl is rid of any injector due to the deposit of the liquid at the bottom of the pavilion, optimizes the action of the air set in rotation in the cavity. of the bowl on the film of liquid flowing over the distribution surface. A significant thinning of the thickness of the layer of liquid (typically the paint) on said distribution surface is thus obtained as it moves towards the spray edge and a good regularity of the thickness of this layer. The thinning of the thickness of the layer, as it progresses towards the sputtering edge, is also attributable to a strong increase in the surface of the elementary distribution crown, according to the perpendicular to the axis of rotation. , precisely because of the "trumpet" shape of the distribution surface, this increase in surface combining with that of the centrifugal speed of the liquid, linked to the distance from the axis.

On note également que la forme en trompette de cette surface est favorable à un bon nettoyage à l'aide d'un produit liquide de nettoyage injecté en lieu et place du liquide à pulvériser. Plus précisément, cette surface ne présente aucune discontinuité pouvant conduire à une accumulation indésirable de certains composants du liquide à pulvériser, notamment certains pigments.It is also noted that the trumpet shape of this surface is favorable to good cleaning using a liquid cleaning product injected instead of the liquid to be sprayed. More precisely, this surface has no discontinuity that could lead to an undesirable accumulation of certain components of the liquid to be sprayed, in particular certain pigments.

De façon connue en soi, l'arête de pulvérisation peut être une arête vive ou crantée. Des stries peuvent être imprimées dans cette surface, au voisinage du bord de pulvérisation, ou disposées sur la surface de répartition.In a manner known per se, the spray edge can be a sharp or notched edge. Streaks can be printed in this surface, in the vicinity of the spraying edge, or placed on the distribution surface.

Selon un mode de réalisation possible, le profil de la surface de répartition suivant une demi-coupe passant par l'axe de rotation dudit bol rotatif a sensiblement la forme d'une exponentielle. Ce profil a la forme d'une courbe représentée par une fonction à croissance rapide telle que y = x2, y = Xn, toute combinaison linéaire de fonctions de ce type, ou bien du type y = ax, dont la fonction exponentielle est un cas particulier. Par croissance rapide, on entend toute fonction dont la dérivée croît avec la variable. On peut aussi adopter comme profil un tronçon de fonction hyperbolique. Toute combinaison linéaire de ces types de courbes convient également.According to a possible embodiment, the profile of the distribution surface along a half-section passing through the axis of rotation of said rotary bowl has substantially the shape of an exponential. This profile has the form of a curve represented by a rapidly growing function such as y = x 2 , y = X n , any linear combination of functions of this type, or of the type y = a x , whose exponential function is a special case. By fast growth, we mean any function whose derivative grows with the variable. It is also possible to adopt as profile a section of hyperbolic function. Any linear combination of these types of curves is also suitable.

En règle générale, tout bol de pulvérisation rotatif combinant une alimentation centrale (c'est-à-dire une injection axiale de liquide, dans le moyeu) avec une surface de répartition du type décrit ci-dessus, est du domaine de l'invention.As a general rule, any rotating spray bowl combining a central supply (that is to say an axial injection of liquid, in the hub) with a distribution surface of the type described above, is within the scope of the invention. .

Selon l'invention, le bol comporte un distributeur monté dans le prolongement axial dudit moyeu, s'étendant au fond dudit déflecteur et comportant un noyau faisant obstacle à l'écoulement axial du liquide et des passages radiaux agencés à l'arrière dudit noyau pour diriger au moins la plus grande partie du flux de liquide vers ladite surface de répartition.According to the invention, the bowl comprises a distributor mounted in the axial extension of said hub, extending to the bottom of said deflector and comprising a core obstructing the axial flow of the liquid and radial passages arranged at the rear of said core to directing at least the greater part of the flow of liquid towards said distribution surface.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront à la lumière de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation possible d'un dispositif de pulvérisation de produit de revêtement liquide, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale du bol de pulvérisation, selon la flèche I-I de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue selon la flèche II de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une coupe III-III de la figure 1; et
  • la figure 4 est une vue à plus grande échelle de l'encadré IV de la figure 1.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear in the light of the following description of a possible embodiment of a device for spraying liquid coating product, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is an axial sectional view of the spray bowl, according to the arrow II of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 2 is a view according to arrow II of the figure 1 ;
  • the picture 3 is a section III-III of the figure 1 ; and
  • the figure 4 is a larger scale view of Box IV of the figure 1 .

Sur les dessins, on a représenté un dispositif de pulvérisation de liquide 11, comprenant un élément de révolution 12 destiné à être entraîné en rotation, à relativement grande vitesse autour d'un axe principal x' x. Ce dispositif convient tout particulièrement pour la projection électrostatique de produits de revêtement liquide tels que des peintures ou vernis. L'élément de révolution 12 est essentiellement constitué d'un moyeu 13 axial, tubulaire, prolongé vers l'avant par un déflecteur centrifuge divergent 14 présentant un bord de pulvérisation 15 circulaire. Le moyeu 13 constitue ou abrite un conduit d'alimentation de liquide. Le liquide à pulvériser se propage vers l'avant jusqu'à atteindre une surface de répartition 18, continue, s'étendant entre le moyeu et le bord de pulvérisation. Le moyeu 13 est destiné à être monté à l'extrémité d'un arbre creux d'un dispositif d'entraînement, non représenté. Classiquement, ce dispositif d'entraînement est une turbine à air comprimé. Dans l'exemple décrit, le liquide à pulvériser est introduit par un injecteur 17 placé dans l'arbre creux de cette turbine et dans le moyeu. Il s'écoule vers l'avant en s'étalant sur ladite surface de répartition 18. Ledit moyeu 13 comporte un filetage 20 par lequel il peut être fixé à l'arbre de la turbine. En variante, la fixation peut être magnétique comme décrit dans le document FR 2805182 .In the drawings, there is shown a liquid spray device 11, comprising an element of revolution 12 intended to be driven in rotation, at relatively high speed around a main axis x′ x. This device is particularly suitable for the electrostatic spraying of liquid coating products such as paints or varnishes. The element of revolution 12 consists essentially of an axial, tubular hub 13, extended forwards by a divergent centrifugal deflector 14 having a circular spray edge 15 . The hub 13 constitutes or houses a liquid supply conduit. The liquid to be sprayed propagates forwards until it reaches a continuous distribution surface 18 extending between the hub and the spray edge. The hub 13 is intended to be mounted at the end of a hollow shaft of a drive device, not shown. Conventionally, this drive device is a compressed air turbine. In the example described, the liquid to be sprayed is introduced by an injector 17 placed in the hollow shaft of this turbine and in the hub. It flows forwards spreading over said distribution surface 18. Said hub 13 has a thread 20 by which it can be fixed to the shaft of the turbine. Alternatively, the attachment may be magnetic as described in the document EN 2805182 .

Ladite surface de répartition 18 a globalement la forme d'un pavillon de trompette et le liquide sortant du moyeu 13, plus précisément ici de l'injecteur 17, se répartit en un film mince sur la surface de répartition en progressant jusqu'au bord de pulvérisation où il est pulvérisé en fines gouttelettes, sous l'effet de la force centrifuge. Le déflecteur centrifuge 14 est au moins partiellement en matériau conducteur de l'électricité. Il est placé généralement à un potentiel électrique négatif élevé, voisin de 100 kV, et l'objet à peindre est placé au potentiel de la terre.Said distribution surface 18 has the overall shape of a trumpet horn and the liquid emerging from the hub 13, more precisely here from the injector 17, is distributed in a thin film on the distribution surface while progressing to the edge of spraying where it is atomized into fine droplets, under the effect of centrifugal force. The centrifugal deflector 14 is at least partially made of electrically conductive material. It is generally placed at a high negative electrical potential, close to 100 kV, and the object to be painted is placed at ground potential.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté schématiquement une source de haute tension 19 électriquement connectée au déflecteur 14. Celui-ci peut par exemple être en métal, ou recouvert intérieurement d'une couche conductrice de l'électricité.On the figure 1 , there is shown schematically a high voltage source 19 electrically connected to the deflector 14. The latter may for example be made of metal, or internally covered with an electrically conductive layer.

L'action du champ électrique élevé, au voisinage du bord de pulvérisation 15, contribue aussi, tout comme l'effet de la force centrifuge, à rompre le film mince en fines gouttelettes. Un profil continu du déflecteur divergent centrifuge, tel que celui donné par une forme en trompette, permet, du fait de son grand rayon de courbure, de concentrer le champ électrique dans la zone ayant le plus faible rayon de courbure, c'est-à-dire sur le bord de pulvérisation, précisément là où se forment les gouttelettes par effet essentiellement mécanique. La forme trompette est donc favorable à l'ensemble des moyens qui contribue à la bonne pulvérisation du liquide sur le bord de pulvérisation, c'est-à-dire un effet mécanique et un effet électrostatique.The action of the high electric field, in the vicinity of the spray edge 15, also contributes, like the effect of the centrifugal force, to breaking the thin film into fine droplets. A continuous profile of the centrifugal divergent deflector, such as that given by a trumpet shape, makes it possible, due to its large radius of curvature, to concentrate the electric field in the zone having the smallest radius of curvature, that is to say i.e. on the spray edge, precisely where the droplets are formed by essentially mechanical effect. The trumpet shape is therefore favorable to all the means which contribute to the good spraying of the liquid on the spraying edge, that is to say a mechanical effect and an electrostatic effect.

La surface de répartition 18 a globalement la forme d'un pavillon de trompette. En d'autres termes, ladite surface de répartition présente globalement un certaine convexité dirigée vers l'objet à recouvrir. Typiquement, la surface de répartition suivant une demi-coupe passant par l'axe de rotation a ici sensiblement la forme d'une exponentielle.The distribution surface 18 has the overall shape of a trumpet bell. In other words, said distribution surface generally has a certain convexity directed towards the object to be covered. Typically, the distribution surface along a half-section passing through the axis of rotation has here substantially the shape of an exponential.

L'élément de révolution 12 composé du moyeu et du déflecteur centrifuge abrite des moyens pour dévier sensiblement radialement une partie du liquide vers la partie la plus interne de la surface de répartition 18. Ces moyens sont constitués d'un distributeur 22 monté dans le prolongement axial du moyeu 13 et s'étendant pour partie au fond du déflecteur 14. Ce distributeur a pour fonction de dévier le liquide introduit axialement de façon que la plus grande partie du flux de liquide soit dirigée vers la surface de répartition 18 dans la zone la plus interne de celle-ci. Ce distributeur 22 comporte un noyau 24 faisant obstacle à l'écoulement axial du liquide. Il est muni de passages radiaux 26 agencés à l'arrière du noyau. Le noyau 24 comporte une surface latérale de révolution 28 s'étendant en regard et à distance de la surface de répartition 18, dans la zone la plus interne de celle-ci, pour définir avec ladite surface un passage annulaire 30 prolongeant lesdits passages radiaux. Plus particulièrement, le distributeur 22 comporte un élément de révolution 32, tubulaire, dont une portion de montage 34, arrière, est fixée à l'intérieur du moyeu axial 13. L'injecteur 17 se termine par un ajutage engagé dans la cavité axiale de la portion de montage 34, en regard de la face arrière du noyau 24. Les passages radiaux 26 sont constitués par trois découpes pratiquées dans l'élément 32 entre ladite portion de montage et le noyau 24. En fait, ces trois découpes ne laissent subsister dans l'élément 32 que trois ponts 36 décalés circonférentiellement à 120 degrés les uns des autres et reliant ladite portion de montage 34 au noyau 24. Ainsi, la plus grande partie du liquide injecté axialement par le moyeu 13 traverse l'élément 32 jusqu'à venir frapper la face arrière du noyau 24 et poursuit son écoulement radialement jusqu'à venir rencontrer la surface de répartition 18 sur laquelle il s'étale en progressant vers l'avant jusqu'au bord de pulvérisation 15.The element of revolution 12 composed of the hub and the centrifugal deflector houses means for substantially radially deflecting part of the liquid towards the innermost part of the distribution surface 18. These means consist of a distributor 22 mounted in the extension axial of the hub 13 and partly extending to the bottom of the deflector 14. This distributor has the function of deflecting the liquid introduced axially so that the greater part of the flow of liquid is directed towards the distribution surface 18 in the zone la more internal to it. This distributor 22 comprises a core 24 obstructing the axial flow of the liquid. It is provided with radial passages 26 arranged at the rear of the core. The core 24 comprises a lateral surface of revolution 28 extending opposite and at a distance from the distribution surface 18, in the innermost zone of the latter, to define with said surface an annular passage 30 extending said radial passages. More particularly, the distributor 22 comprises a tubular element of revolution 32, of which a mounting portion 34, rear, is fixed inside the axial hub 13. The injector 17 ends in a nozzle engaged in the axial cavity of the mounting portion 34, opposite the rear face of the core 24. The radial passages 26 are constituted by three cutouts made in the element 32 between said mounting portion and the core 24. In fact, these three cutouts do not leave in the element 32 that three bridges 36 circumferentially offset at 120 degrees from each other and connecting said mounting portion 34 to the core 24. Thus, the greater part of the liquid injected axially by the hub 13 passes through the element 32 until coming to strike the rear face of the core 24 and continues its flow radially until it meets the distribution surface 18 on which it spreads while progressing forwards to the spray edge 15.

De plus, la partie la plus centrale du déflecteur est garnie intérieurement d'une pièce annulaire d'usure 50 intégrée à la partie la plus interne de la surface de répartition 18. Plus particulièrement, la surface apparente, intérieure, de cette pièce annulaire épouse et prolonge la surface de répartition 18 sans rupture de continuité. Elle se trouve globalement radialement à l'extérieur et en regard des passages radiaux 26. Cette pièce annulaire d'usure peut être emboîtée au fond du déflecteur. Dans ce cas, elle est prévue pour être remplacée régulièrement. En variante, la pièce annulaire peut au contraire être en matériau très résistant à l'abrasion (céramique, métal dur, etc...) ou au moins sa surface interne, en regard des passages radiaux 26, peut être recouverte d'un matériau résistant à l'abrasion, par exemple du nitrure de titane. Selon une autre variante, au moins la partie la plus interne de la surface de répartition 18 (c'est-à-dire celle qui fait face aux passages 26) est recouverte d'une couche de matériau résistant à l'abrasion.In addition, the most central part of the deflector is lined internally with an annular wear part 50 integrated into the innermost part of the distribution surface 18. More particularly, the visible, inner surface of this annular part marries and extends the distribution surface 18 without any break in continuity. It is generally located radially on the outside and opposite the radial passages 26. This annular wear part can be fitted into the bottom of the deflector. In this case, it is planned to be replaced regularly. As a variant, the annular part can on the contrary be made of a material that is very resistant to abrasion (ceramic, hard metal, etc.) or at least its internal surface, facing the radial passages 26, can be covered with a material abrasion resistant, for example titanium nitride. According to another variant, at least the innermost part of the distribution surface 18 (that is to say that which faces the passages 26) is covered with a layer of material resistant to abrasion.

Le noyau 24 comporte quatre canaux divergents 38 s'étendant entre la surface arrière de celui-ci et une surface de butée annulaire 39 entourant un passage axial 40 s'étendant dans une partie avant dudit noyau. La surface de butée annulaire 39, au-delà des orifices avant des canaux, se prolonge par une surface arrondie 42 rejoignant tangentiellement la face avant du noyau. Celui-ci comporte un premier insert 44 fixé dans la partie avant du distributeur, plus particulièrement à l'avant de l'élément 32. La surface de butée annulaire 39 s'étendant en regard des orifices des canaux divergents 38 et le passage axial 40 qui prolonge cette surface de butée annulaire sont définis dans l'insert 44. Un logement cylindrique, défini à l'arrière du bouchon, abrite un second insert 46 renfermant les quatre canaux divergents.The core 24 comprises four divergent channels 38 extending between the rear surface thereof and an annular abutment surface 39 surrounding an axial passage 40 extending in a front part of said core. The annular abutment surface 39, beyond the front orifices of the channels, is extended by a rounded surface 42 tangentially joining the front face of the core. This comprises a first insert 44 fixed in the front part of the distributor, more particularly at the front of the element 32. The annular abutment surface 39 extending opposite the orifices of the divergent channels 38 and the axial passage 40 which extends this annular abutment surface are defined in the insert 44. A cylindrical housing, defined at the rear of the stopper, houses a second insert 46 containing the four divergent channels.

Dans l'exemple décrit, le distributeur 22, c'est-à-dire plus particulièrement l'élément de révolution 32, est monté à force à l'intérieur du moyeu 13 tandis que le premier insert 44 est lui-même monté à force dans la partie avant dudit distributeur. L'insert 46 est quant à lui monté à force dans l'insert 44. Tous ces éléments peuvent être en matière plastique ou en métal. Le fonctionnement est le suivant.In the example described, the distributor 22, that is to say more particularly the element of revolution 32, is force-fitted inside the hub 13 while the first insert 44 is itself force-fitted in the front part of said distributor. The insert 46 is for its part mounted by force in the insert 44. All these elements can be made of plastic or metal. Operation is as follows.

Lorsque le liquide est introduit sous pression dans l'injecteur 17, il vient frapper la face arrière du noyau 24 et est dévié en partie radialement jusqu'au fond de la surface de répartition 18. Le liquide continue à se propager, sous l'effet de la force centrifuge, sur cette surface en formant un film de faible épaisseur de plus en plus mince au fur et à mesure qu'il progresse vers le bord de pulvérisation. Lorsque le liquide atteint le bord de pulvérisation, il est pulvérisé en fines gouttelettes.When the liquid is introduced under pressure into the injector 17, it strikes the rear face of the core 24 and is partly deflected radially to the bottom of the distribution surface 18. The liquid continues to spread, under the effect of centrifugal force, on this surface forming an increasingly thin thin film as it progresses towards the edge of the spray. When the liquid reaches the spray edge, it is sprayed into fine droplets.

Une petite partie du liquide s'engage dans les canaux divergents 38 et vient frapper la surface de butée annulaire 39. Ce flux secondaire de liquide contourne la surface arrondie 42 du passage axial 40 sans être projeté vers l'avant et progresse radialement vers l'extérieur sur la surface avant du distributeur jusqu'à venir rejoindre le flux principal de liquide s'écoulant le long de la surface de répartition 18. De cette façon, l'avant du distributeur est constamment mouillé de liquide. Si le liquide est une peinture ou un vernis, il ne risque donc pas de sécher à la surface du distributeur. De plus, le dispositif de pulvérisation peut facilement être nettoyé en injectant un liquide de nettoyage en lieu et place du produit de revêtement liquide.A small part of the liquid enters the divergent channels 38 and strikes the annular abutment surface 39. This secondary flow of liquid bypasses the rounded surface 42 of the axial passage 40 without being projected forwards and progresses radially towards the exterior on the front surface of the dispenser until it joins the main flow of liquid flowing along the distribution surface 18. In this way, the front of the dispenser is constantly wetted with liquid. If the liquid is paint or varnish, there is therefore no risk of it drying on the surface of the dispenser. In addition, the spray device can easily be cleaned by injecting a cleaning liquid instead of the liquid coating product.

Il est à noter que le rapport entre le diamètre maximum du distributeur 22 et le diamètre du bord de pulvérisation 15 peut être compris entre 5 et 60 %. De préférence, ce rapport sera compris entre 10 et 40 %. Pour les dispositifs plus particulièrement conçus pour l'application de peinture par voie électrostatique, le diamètre du bord de pulvérisation est généralement compris entre 25 et 100 mm.It should be noted that the ratio between the maximum diameter of the distributor 22 and the diameter of the spray edge 15 can be between 5 and 60%. Preferably, this ratio will be between 10 and 40%. For devices more particularly designed for electrostatic paint application, the diameter of the spray edge is generally between 25 and 100 mm.

Bien entendu, l'invention couvre également tout pulvérisateur de liquide, notamment tout pulvérisateur de peinture ou vernis, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de pulvérisation tel que décrit ci-dessus. Un tel pulvérisateur se compose généralement d'un dispositif d'entraînement en rotation, comme par exemple une turbine à air comprimé, portant le dispositif de pulvérisation et agencé pour permettre une injection axiale de liquide à pulvériser à l'intérieur du moyeu. Ce pulvérisateur est généralement complété par une alimentation électrique haute tension portant le déflecteur centrifuge 14 (conducteur, par exemple métallique) à une haute tension. Comme indiqué précédemment, la vitesse de rotation peut être de 50 000 à 100 000 tours/minute et le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit est remarquable par sa capacité à donner une pulvérisation très fine et très régulière (faible écart de taille des gouttelettes), ceci dans une très large gamme de vitesses de rotation. En particulier, on a constaté que la pulvérisation est encore excellente même lorsque la vitesse de rotation est en deçà de la gamme de vitesses indiquée ci-dessus. La vitesse de rotation peut être abaissée jusqu'à 20 000 tours par minute avec une pulvérisation acceptable. Il peut aussi être avantageux de prévoir des moyens pour alimenter en air propre l'intérieur du distributeur 22 pour que cet air ressorte par le passage annulaire 30 et/ou le passage 40, en vue de réduire la dépression qui se forme au centre du pavillon et qui pourrait ramener des gouttelettes de produit de revêtement en partie asséchées, sur la face avant du répartiteur.Of course, the invention also covers any liquid sprayer, in particular any paint or varnish sprayer, characterized in that it comprises a spraying device as described above. Such a sprayer generally consists of a drive device in rotation, such as for example a compressed air turbine, carrying the spraying device and arranged to allow axial injection of liquid to be sprayed inside the hub. This sprayer is generally supplemented by a high voltage power supply carrying the centrifugal deflector 14 (conductive, for example metallic) to a high voltage. As indicated previously, the speed of rotation can be from 50,000 to 100,000 rpm and the device which has just been described is remarkable for its ability to give a very fine and very regular spray (small difference in droplet size) , this in a very wide range of rotational speeds. In particular, it has been found that the atomization is still excellent even when the speed of rotation is below of the speed range indicated above. Rotation speed can be lowered down to 20,000 rpm with acceptable spraying. It may also be advantageous to provide means for supplying clean air to the interior of the distributor 22 so that this air emerges through the annular passage 30 and/or the passage 40, with a view to reducing the depression which forms in the center of the roof. and which could bring partially dried coating product droplets back onto the front face of the tundish.

Claims (16)

  1. A device for electrostatic spraying a liquid coating material comprising a diverging centrifugal deflector (14) made at least partially of electrically conductive material, having a spraying edge (15) and capable of being driven in rotation about an axis of rotation, the device comprising a tubular hub (13) forming or housing a liquid supply conduit,
    said centrifugal deflector (14) having a continuous distribution surface (18) extending between said hub and said spray edge,
    this distribution surface having overall the shape of a trumpet bell with a profile following a half-slice passing through the axis of rotation (X-X') which has the shape of a curve represented by a fast-growing function whose derivative increases with the variable, with its convexity directed towards the object to be coated,
    the device comprising a distributor (22) mounted in axial extension of the hub (13), extending to the bottom of said deflector, for substantially radially deflecting at least a portion of said liquid towards the innermost portion of said trumpet-bell-shaped distribution surface,
    the distributor comprising a core (24) impeding the axial flow of liquid and radial passages (26) arranged at the rear of said core to direct at least the major part of the flow of liquid towards said distribution surface (18),
    said core (24) having a side surface of revolution (28) extending opposite and spaced from said distribution surface (18) to define therewith an annular passageway (30) continuing said radial passageways and channels (38) extending between a rear surface thereof and an annular abutment surface (39) surrounding a passageway (40) extending into a front portion of said core,
    while
    said distributor (22) comprises a rotationally symmetrical tubular member (32), a rear mounting portion (34) of which is secured within said hub (13), said radial passageways (26) at the rear of said core being practical in this rotationally symmetrical member
    said core comprises a first insert (44) fixed in the front part of said distributor and having said annular abutment surface (39) and said passageway (40) and
    a second insert (46) is mounted to the rear of said first insert and encloses the channels (38) which are divergent.
  2. The spraying device according to claim 1, characterised in that the profile of said distribution surface (18) along a half-slice passing through said axis of rotation has substantially the shape of an exponential.
  3. The spraying device according to claim 1, characterised in that the profile of said distribution surface (18) along a half-slice passing through said axis of rotation has substantially the shape of a hyperbola segment.
  4. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said passageway (40) is axial.
  5. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said distributor (22) is force-fitted inside said hub (13).
  6. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said first insert (44) is force-fitted into the front part of said distributor.
  7. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said second insert (46) is force-fitted into said core.
  8. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the centralmost part of said deflector is internally lined with an annular wear piece (50) integrated with said innermost part of the distribution surface, said annular piece being replaceable.
  9. The spraying device according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that the centralmost part of said deflector is internally provided with an annular piece of which at least the inner surface is made of abrasion-resistant material.
  10. The spraying device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that at least the innermost part of said distribution surface is covered with a layer of abrasion-resistant material.
  11. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ratio between the maximum diameter of the distributor (22) and the diameter of the spraying edge (15) is between 5 and 60%, preferably between 10 and 40%.
  12. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is equipped for electrostatic spraying.
  13. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that means are provided for circulating air in said annular passageway (30).
  14. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that means are provided for circulating air in said passageway (40).
  15. The spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said divergent centrifugal deflector (14) is at least partly made of electrically conductive material and is connected to a high-voltage source.
  16. A sprayer for liquid coating product, in particular paint or varnish, characterised in that it comprises a spraying device according to one of the preceding claims.
EP03722683.4A 2002-03-01 2003-02-28 Device for spraying liquid coating product Expired - Lifetime EP1480756B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR0202638A FR2836638B1 (en) 2002-03-01 2002-03-01 DEVICE FOR SPRAYING LIQUID COATING PRODUCTS
FR0202638 2002-03-01
PCT/FR2003/000662 WO2003074187A1 (en) 2002-03-01 2003-02-28 Device for spraying liquid coating product

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EP1480756A1 EP1480756A1 (en) 2004-12-01
EP1480756B1 EP1480756B1 (en) 2011-01-26
EP1480756B2 true EP1480756B2 (en) 2022-05-18

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EP (1) EP1480756B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2005527345A (en)
CN (1) CN1323764C (en)
AT (1) ATE496703T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003229848A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60335861D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2357345T5 (en)
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DE60335861D1 (en) 2011-03-10
JP2005527345A (en) 2005-09-15
US6659367B2 (en) 2003-12-09
FR2836638A1 (en) 2003-09-05
PT1480756E (en) 2011-03-29
EP1480756A1 (en) 2004-12-01
CN1638875A (en) 2005-07-13
WO2003074187A1 (en) 2003-09-12
EP1480756B1 (en) 2011-01-26
FR2836638B1 (en) 2004-12-10
ES2357345T5 (en) 2022-06-17
AU2003229848A1 (en) 2003-09-16
CN1323764C (en) 2007-07-04
ES2357345T3 (en) 2011-04-25
ATE496703T1 (en) 2011-02-15
US20030164406A1 (en) 2003-09-04

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