EP0185065A1 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0185065A1
EP0185065A1 EP19850903002 EP85903002A EP0185065A1 EP 0185065 A1 EP0185065 A1 EP 0185065A1 EP 19850903002 EP19850903002 EP 19850903002 EP 85903002 A EP85903002 A EP 85903002A EP 0185065 A1 EP0185065 A1 EP 0185065A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slab
formwork
elements
lost
beams
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19850903002
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French (fr)
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EP0185065B1 (en
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT85903002T priority Critical patent/ATE46735T1/en
Publication of EP0185065A1 publication Critical patent/EP0185065A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0185065B1 publication Critical patent/EP0185065B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E02D27/02—Flat foundations without substantial excavation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements

Definitions

  • the construction of a construction without basement, and in particular of individual houses without basement, is generally carried out on perimeter walls founded on good soil, or at least at the regulatory depth frost-free, with pouring between these walls a non-load-bearing concrete slab.
  • a more advantageous solution in terms of insulation, both in cold and in humidity, consists in creating a crawl space, that is to say in making a carrier slab independent of the ground and resting on the perimeter walls. This solution is of course more expensive than the previous one, since it requires the mounting of perimeter walls of greater height.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks presented by the known solutions set out above and it proposes to provide all the advantages of the crawl space by the implementation of a particularly economical process.
  • the method according to the invention consists in making point foundations, either by concrete wells at the prescribed depth or on the resistant layers of the soil, or by micro-piles, these foundations being established in a regular grid defined by the dimensions of the slab to be made and the weight of the building, to prepare a flat and leveled ground at the level of said point foundations, to have on the ground thus prepared j ⁇ : formwork forms recoverable at the periphery of the slab to be made then formwork elements lost in the center intended to constitute the ribs of the slab with possibly connecting members of these elements to each other to allow the continuity of each rib to be arranged between the rows of formwork elements lost from the element.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to subsequently realize, without reworking the building under construction and therefore very inexpensively, a basement if one day it turns out to be desirable.
  • the apparatus for implementing the method comprises lost formwork elements made of a light and resistant material.
  • lost formwork elements can for example consist of foam blocks made of expanded plastic, or cardboard boxes reinforced by a honeycomb network. Cardboard boxes have the advantage of being able to be delivered flat and to be set up on site, without the need for special tools, with reinforcing braces.
  • the lost formwork elements have the ability to nest end to end by means of special elements, called connecting elements, so as to achieve a rib continuity.
  • These special elements can form a formwork for a transverse intermediate beam reinforcing the rigidity of the slab.
  • the formwork elements could be square so as to constitute a "honeycomb" slab if the conditions of use or load required it.
  • connection elements may have reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.
  • the rigidity of the slab is obtained by the height of the ribs, achieved economically thanks to the low cost of lost formwork.
  • the lost formwork elements can receive devices ensuring the spacing of the reinforcing mesh from the slab.
  • these spacers can adapt to one or more layers of trellis.
  • spacer elements which define the width of the beams.
  • These spacers can be made of baryte cardboard, serving as a seal against capillary rise through the ribs.
  • the spacers of the formwork can have a U-shaped profile, have additional insulation on the underside and include spacers for the reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement of the beams will be symmetrical and will be calculated for the longer span rib.
  • the rib bottoms can be leveled at the highest point.
  • the point foundations are themselves leveled at this level, the outer perimeter formwork is then produced. in two parts, a first being leveled off at the bottom of the slab and the foundations, to thus define an irregular volume that can be temporarily filled with sand or with a powdery material, support for the slab bottom and lost formwork, and a second part formed by extensions of the thickness of the ribs increased by that of the compression slab, allowing the casting of the slab. After drying and stripping, the sand is removed naturally.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly usable when, during the pouring of the slab on earth, the study of the support structure of the slab requires the production of beams or beams of a height greater than the thickness of the slab.
  • the lost formwork surrounding the reinforcement of beams or beams used according to the method of the invention has for its object:
  • the formwork can be made with any rigid and light surface such as cardboard, wood fiber, plastic or other.
  • the choice of formwork material should be made according to the nature of the soil. The more the ground can be cut cleanly at a level very close to the beam or sill to be formed (and the less then there is backfill), the lighter the formwork can be. On the other hand, the more powdery the soil, the wider the excavation and the backfill, and the more rigid the material and the greater the number of wedges or spacers.
  • the formwork can receive a seal internally which will prevent possible infiltration by under pressure, thus allowing the realization of a sealed casing.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially in vertical section, of a slab obtained according to the method of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are schematic perspective views showing the successive phases of the realization, according to a variant of the method of the invention, of a part of a slab with buried support beams.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in 1 concrete wells constituting foundations sinking to the resistant layers of the soil. Although only two wells 1 are visible in the figure, it will be understood that there is a well at each corner of the slab to be made. Between wells 1, the ground 2 is leveled and leveled at the point foundations formed by wells 1.
  • the lost formwork elements consist of cardboard boxes which can be delivered flat and placed in volume on the site, with reinforcement crosspieces, without the need for any particular tool.
  • the connecting elements 6 could include reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.
  • spacer elements 7 Between the rows of formwork 5, constituting the ribs of the slab 3, are arranged spacer elements 7 which define the width of the beams.
  • the spacing elements 7 are made of baryte cardboard, serving as a seal against capillary increases through the ribs, and have a U-shaped profile.
  • the elements 7 have an insulator 8, for example polystyrene, on the underside and may have spacers (not shown in the drawing) for the reinforcement of the beams.
  • Crossing reservations 9 are provided in the spacer elements 7.
  • spacers 10 constituted by pieces of cardboard used to separate the formwork 5 from the mesh 11 for reinforcing the slab 3.
  • the concrete is poured , which is preferably done at the pump. After drying, only the formwork cheeks 4 are recoverable.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 there is shown a variant of the method according to the invention, for the production of a slab comprising support beams of a height greater than that of the slab and intended to be partially embedded in floor.
  • the surface of the ground which has been leveled is shown at 21, at 22 a dig intended to accommodate a beam and on the well-leveled bottom 23 from which the structure 24 of the beam is fitted with a formwork lost 25,
  • the structure 24 is constituted by a wire mesh, and the lost formwork 25 consists of a sheet of cardboard in the shape of a U.
  • the spacers 26 of the mesh of the frame 24 are advantageously fixed to the formwork 25, so that that it can easily be put in place at the same time as the trellis.

Abstract

Selon le procédé, on réalise des fondations ponctuelles (1), on aplanit et nivelle le sol (2) au niveau de ces fondations, on dispose sur le sol des coffrages périphériques (4) récupérables et au centre des rangées continues de coffrages perdus (5) définissant les nervures. Les rangées de coffrage sont écartées par des éléments (7) en carton baryté assurant l'étanchéité et l'isolation. Sur la face supérieure des coffrages perdus (5) sont disposés des moyens (10) d'écartement du treillis (11) d'armature de la dalle. On coule alors du béton par pompage et, après séchage de la dalle, seuls les coffrages périphériques (4) sont récupérés. Le procédé s'applique à la réalisation de constructions sans sous-sol, en particulier de maisons individuelles.According to the process, punctual foundations (1) are made, the ground (2) is leveled and leveled at the level of these foundations, there are recoverable peripheral forms (4) on the ground and in the center continuous rows of lost forms ( 5) defining the ribs. The rows of formwork are separated by elements (7) made of baryta cardboard ensuring waterproofing and insulation. On the upper face of the lost formwork (5) are arranged means (10) for separating the reinforcing mesh (11) from the slab. Concrete is then poured by pumping and, after drying of the slab, only the peripheral forms (4) are recovered. The method applies to the realization of constructions without basement, in particular of individual houses.

Description

Procédé et appareillage pour la réalisation d'une dalle rigide permettant de porter une construction. Method and apparatus for producing a rigid slab for carrying a construction.
L'édification d'une construction sans sous-sol, et en particulier de maisons individuelles sans sous-sol, est généralement réalisée sur des murs périmétriques fondés au bon sol, ou au moins à la profondeur réglementaire hors gel, avec coulage entre ces murs d'une dalle en béton non porteuse. Une solution plus intéressante sur le plan de l'isolation, tant au froid qu'à l'humidité, consiste à réaliser un vide sanitaire c'est-à-dire à réaliser une dalle porteuse indépendante du sol et reposant sur les murs périmétriques. Cette solution est- bien sûr plus onéreuse que la précédente, puisqu'elle oblige à monter des murs périmétriques de plus grande hauteur. La présente invention a pour objet de remédier aux inconvénients présentés par les solutions connues exposées ci-dessus et elle propose de procurer tous les avantages du vide sanitaire par la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé particulièrement économique.The construction of a construction without basement, and in particular of individual houses without basement, is generally carried out on perimeter walls founded on good soil, or at least at the regulatory depth frost-free, with pouring between these walls a non-load-bearing concrete slab. A more advantageous solution in terms of insulation, both in cold and in humidity, consists in creating a crawl space, that is to say in making a carrier slab independent of the ground and resting on the perimeter walls. This solution is of course more expensive than the previous one, since it requires the mounting of perimeter walls of greater height. The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks presented by the known solutions set out above and it proposes to provide all the advantages of the crawl space by the implementation of a particularly economical process.
Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à réaliser des fondations ponctuelles, soit par des puits bétonnés à la profondeur réglementaire ou sur les couches résistantes du sol, soit par des micro-pieux, ces fondations étant implantées selon une trame régulière définie par les dimensions de la dalle à réaliser et le poids du bâtiment, à procéder à la préparation d'un sol plan et nivelé au niveau desdites fondations ponctuelles, à disposer sur le sol ainsi préparé des jσ:ues de coffrage récupérable en périphérie de la dalle à réaliser puis des éléments de coffrage perdu au centre destinés à constituer les nervures de la dalle avec éventuellement des organes de raccordement de ces éléments entre eux pour permettre d'assurer la.continuité de chaque nervure, à disposer entre les rangées d'éléments de coffrage perdu des élément. d'étanchéité, d'isolation et d'écartement des fonds de poutrelles et nervures, à procéder au ferraillage des poutrelles de périphérie et de nervure, à disposer un treillage d'armature de la dalle, puis à couler du béton sur l'ensemble ainsi réalisé, généralement par pompage. Le procédé permet de réserver, dans l'âme des poutrelles et poutres de périphérie, des traversées régulières pour la ventilation du dessous de la dalle, ou éventuellement pour le passage de canalisations qui auraient été oubliées avant le coulage.The method according to the invention consists in making point foundations, either by concrete wells at the prescribed depth or on the resistant layers of the soil, or by micro-piles, these foundations being established in a regular grid defined by the dimensions of the slab to be made and the weight of the building, to prepare a flat and leveled ground at the level of said point foundations, to have on the ground thus prepared jσ: formwork forms recoverable at the periphery of the slab to be made then formwork elements lost in the center intended to constitute the ribs of the slab with possibly connecting members of these elements to each other to allow the continuity of each rib to be arranged between the rows of formwork elements lost from the element. sealing, insulation and spacing of the bottom of beams and ribs, to reinforce the perimeter and rib beams, to have a trellis of reinforcement of the slab, then to pour concrete on the whole thus produced, generally by pumping. The process makes it possible to reserve, in the core of the beams and periphery beams, regular crossings for the ventilation of the underside of the slab, or possibly for the passage of pipes which would have been forgotten before pouring.
On comprend que, sous réserve que les fondations ponctuelles aient été prévues à un niveau suffisant, le procédé selon l'invention permet de réaliser ultérieurement, sans reprise en sous-oeuvre du bâtiment et donc à très peu de frais, un sous-sol si celui-ci s'avère un jour souhaitable.It is understood that, provided that the point foundations have been provided at a sufficient level, the method according to the invention makes it possible to subsequently realize, without reworking the building under construction and therefore very inexpensively, a basement if one day it turns out to be desirable.
Selon l'invention, l'appareillage pour la mise-en-oeuvre du procédé comprend des éléments de coffrage perdu réalisés en un matériau léger et résistante Ces éléments de coffrage perdu peuvent par exemple être constitués par des blocs de mousse en matière plastique expansée, ou des caissons de carton renforcés par un réseau alvéolaire. Les caissons en carton présentent l'avantage de pouvoir être livrés à plat et d'être mis en volume sur le chantier, sans nécessité d'outillage particulier, avec croisillons de renforcement. Les éléments de coffrage perdu ont la faculté de s'emboîter bout à bout au moyen d'éléments spéciaux, dits éléments de raccordement, de façon à réaliser une continuité de nervure . Ces éléments spéciaux peuvent former un coffrage pour une poutre intermédiaire transversale renforçant la rigidité de la dalle. Par extension de cette idée, les éléments de coffrage pourraient être carrés de façon à constituer une dalle "nid d'abeilles" si les conditions d'utilisation ou de charge l'exigaient.According to the invention, the apparatus for implementing the method comprises lost formwork elements made of a light and resistant material. These lost formwork elements can for example consist of foam blocks made of expanded plastic, or cardboard boxes reinforced by a honeycomb network. Cardboard boxes have the advantage of being able to be delivered flat and to be set up on site, without the need for special tools, with reinforcing braces. The lost formwork elements have the ability to nest end to end by means of special elements, called connecting elements, so as to achieve a rib continuity. These special elements can form a formwork for a transverse intermediate beam reinforcing the rigidity of the slab. By extension of this idea, the formwork elements could be square so as to constitute a "honeycomb" slab if the conditions of use or load required it.
Les éléments de raccordement peuvent comporter des réservations servant de traversées perpendiculaires aux nervures.The connection elements may have reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.
La rigidité de la dalle est obtenue par la hauteur des nervures, réalisée économiquement grâce au faible coût des coffrages perdus . Sur leur partie supérieure, les éléments de coffrage perdu peuvent recevoir des dispositifs assurant l'écartement du treillis d'armature de la dalle. En fonction de la nature de la dalle à réaliser, ces écarteurs peuvent s'adapter à une ou plusieurs nappes de treillis. Entre les rangées d'éléments de coffrage perdu sont disposés des éléments d'écartement qui définissent la largeur des poutrelles. Ces éléments d'écartement peuvent être réalisés en carton baryte, servant d'étanchéité aux remontées capillaires à travers les nervures. Les éléments d'écartement des coffrages peuvent avoir un profil en U, présenter un isolant complémentaire en sous face et comporter des pièces d'écartement du ferraillage. Le ferraillage des poutrelles sera symétrique et sera calculé pour la nervure de plus grande portée.The rigidity of the slab is obtained by the height of the ribs, achieved economically thanks to the low cost of lost formwork. On their upper part, the lost formwork elements can receive devices ensuring the spacing of the reinforcing mesh from the slab. Depending on the nature of the slab to be produced, these spacers can adapt to one or more layers of trellis. Between the rows of lost formwork elements are arranged spacer elements which define the width of the beams. These spacers can be made of baryte cardboard, serving as a seal against capillary rise through the ribs. The spacers of the formwork can have a U-shaped profile, have additional insulation on the underside and include spacers for the reinforcement. The reinforcement of the beams will be symmetrical and will be calculated for the longer span rib.
Entre les fondations ponctuelles et la dalle rigide, on peut avantageusement disposer un matériau résilient qui confère un caractère anti-sismique à la construction.Between the point foundations and the rigid slab, it is advantageous to have a resilient material which gives an anti-seismic character to the construction.
Selon l'invention, dans le cas de sols inégaux ou rocheux, les fonds de nervure peuvent être arasés au niveau du point le plus haut, A cet effet, les fondations ponctuelles étant ellesmêmes arasées à ce niveau, les coffrages périmétriques extérieurs sont alors réalisés en deux parties, une première étant arasée au niveau du fond de dalle et des fondations, pour définir ainsi un volume irrégulier que l'on pourra combler provisoirement par du sable ou par un matériau pulvérulent, support du fond de dalle et des coffrages perdus, et une seconde partie formée par des rehausses de l'épaisseur des nervures augmentée de celle de la dalle de compression, permettant le coulage de la dalle. Après séchage de celle-ci et décoffrage, le sable s'élimine naturellement.According to the invention, in the case of uneven or rocky soils, the rib bottoms can be leveled at the highest point. For this purpose, the point foundations are themselves leveled at this level, the outer perimeter formwork is then produced. in two parts, a first being leveled off at the bottom of the slab and the foundations, to thus define an irregular volume that can be temporarily filled with sand or with a powdery material, support for the slab bottom and lost formwork, and a second part formed by extensions of the thickness of the ribs increased by that of the compression slab, allowing the casting of the slab. After drying and stripping, the sand is removed naturally.
Le procédé selon l'invention est particulièrement utilisable lorsque, lors du coulage de la dalle sur terreplein, l'étude de la structure d'appui de la dalle nécessite la réalisation de poutres ou de longrines d'une hauteur supérieure à l'épaisseur de la dalle. Jusqu'à présent, une telle réalisation supposait :The method according to the invention is particularly usable when, during the pouring of the slab on earth, the study of the support structure of the slab requires the production of beams or beams of a height greater than the thickness of the slab. Until now, such an accomplishment supposed:
- une surprofondeur des terrassements, permettant la mise en place des coffrages latéraux ; - le coffrage et le coulage de la structure ;- an over depth of earthworks, allowing the installation of lateral formwork; - the formwork and pouring of the structure;
- le décoffrage et le remblayage au niveau bas de la dalle ;- formwork and backfilling at the bottom level of the slab;
- le coulage de la dalle. Selon une extension du procédé selon l'invention, il est possible de réaliser la dalle et la structure d'appui en un seul coulage. A cet effet on réalise des fouilles, correspondant aux poutres ou longrines à obtenir, dont on nivelle le fond, on met en place dans ces fouilles des coffrages perdus fixés aux armatures des poutres ou longrines à obtenir, ces coffrages perdus retenant les terres de remblaiement tout en étant maintenus, par des moyens de calage, au bon écartement par rapport aux aciers de ces armatures, on dispose alors sur le sol, entre les poutres ou longrines, les coffrages perdus destinés à constituer les nervures de la dalle comme expliqué précédemment, puis on procède au coulage du béton en réalisant en une seule opération les poutres ou longrines et la dalle elle-même.- pouring the slab. According to an extension of the method according to the invention, it is possible to produce the slab and the support structure in a single pouring. To this end, excavations are carried out, corresponding to the beams or beams to be obtained, the bottom of which is leveled, and in these excavations are put in place lost formwork fixed to the frames of the beams or beams to be obtained, these lost formwork retaining the earth fill. while being maintained, by wedging means, at the correct spacing relative to the steels of these reinforcements, there is then placed on the ground, between the beams or beams, the lost formwork intended to constitute the ribs of the slab as explained above, then the concrete is poured by making the beams or beams and the slab itself in a single operation.
Les coffrages perdus entourant l'armature des poutres ou longrines utilisés selon le procédé de l'invention, ont pour objet :The lost formwork surrounding the reinforcement of beams or beams used according to the method of the invention, has for its object:
- de donner à la partie enterrée des poutres ou longrines un état de surface propre ;- to give the buried part of beams or beams a clean surface condition;
- de retenir les terres de remblaiement à bonne distance des aciers grâce à la présence des cales ;- to retain backfill soil at a good distance from the steels thanks to the presence of wedges;
- de faire en sorte que la pression du béton au coulage s'exerce sur la terre de remblaiement, Le coffrage peut être réalisé avec toute surface rigide et légère telle que carton, fibre de bois, matière plastique ou autre. Le choix du matériau de coffrage devra se faire en fonction de la nature du sol. Plus le sol peut être taillé proprement à une cote très proche de la poutre ou longrine à former (et moins alors il y a de remblai), plus le coffrage peut être léger. Par contre plus le sol est pulvérulent, plus la fouille est large et il y a du remblai, et plus le matériau doit être rigide et le nombre de cales ou écarteurs grand. Avantageusement, le coffrage peut recevoir intérieurement une étanchéité qui empêchera d'éventuelles infiltrations par sous-pression, permettant ainsi la réalisation d'un cuvelage étanche.- to ensure that the pressure of concrete pouring is exerted on the backfill soil, The formwork can be made with any rigid and light surface such as cardboard, wood fiber, plastic or other. The choice of formwork material should be made according to the nature of the soil. The more the ground can be cut cleanly at a level very close to the beam or sill to be formed (and the less then there is backfill), the lighter the formwork can be. On the other hand, the more powdery the soil, the wider the excavation and the backfill, and the more rigid the material and the greater the number of wedges or spacers. Advantageously, the formwork can receive a seal internally which will prevent possible infiltration by under pressure, thus allowing the realization of a sealed casing.
Pour bien faire comprendre le procédé selon l'invention ainsi que les moyens nécessaires pour sa mise-en-oeuvre on en décrira ci-après, à titre d'exemples sans aucun caractère limitatif, deux formes d'exécution préférées en référence au dessin schématique annexé dans lequel :To clearly understand the process according to the invention as well as the means necessary for its implementation two preferred embodiments will be described below, by way of examples without any limiting character, with reference to the appended schematic drawing in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue perspective, partiellement en coupe verticale, d'une dalle obtenue selon le procédé de la présente invention ;- Figure 1 is a perspective view, partially in vertical section, of a slab obtained according to the method of the present invention;
- les figures 2 à 4 sont des vues perspectives schématiques montrant les phases successives de la réalisation, selon une variante du procédé de l'invention, d'une partie d'une dalle à poutres d'appui enterrées.- Figures 2 to 4 are schematic perspective views showing the successive phases of the realization, according to a variant of the method of the invention, of a part of a slab with buried support beams.
En référence à la figure 1, on a représenté en 1 des puits bétonnés constituant des fondations s'enfonçant jusqu'aux couches résistantes du sol. Bien que seulement deux puits 1 soient visibles sur la figure, on comprendra qu'il y a un puits à chaque angle de la dalle à réaliser. Entre les puits 1, le sol 2 est aplani et nivelé au niveau des fondations ponctuelles constituées par les puits 1.Referring to Figure 1, there is shown in 1 concrete wells constituting foundations sinking to the resistant layers of the soil. Although only two wells 1 are visible in the figure, it will be understood that there is a well at each corner of the slab to be made. Between wells 1, the ground 2 is leveled and leveled at the point foundations formed by wells 1.
Sur le sol 2 ondispose, en périphérie de la dalle 3 à réaliser, des joues de coffrage récupérable 4. Au centre, on dispose des éléments de coffrage perdu 5 reliés entre eux par des éléments de raccordement 6 pour assurer la continuité des nervures de la dalle. Dans l'exemple représenté, les éléments de coffrage perdu sont constitués par des caissons en carton livrables à plat et mis en volume sur le chantier, avec croisillons de renforcement, sans nécessité d'outillage particulier.On the floor 2, on the periphery of the slab 3 to be produced, there are recoverable formwork cheeks 4. In the center, there are lost formwork elements 5 connected together by connection elements 6 to ensure the continuity of the ribs of the slab. In the example shown, the lost formwork elements consist of cardboard boxes which can be delivered flat and placed in volume on the site, with reinforcement crosspieces, without the need for any particular tool.
Bien qu'on ne l'ait pas représenté au dessin, les éléments de raccordement 6 pourraient comporter des réservations servant de traversées perpendiculaires aux nervures. Entre les rangées de coffrage 5, constituant les nervures de la dalle 3, sont disposés des éléments d'écartement 7 qui définissent la largeur des poutrelles. Les éléments d'écartement 7 sont réalisés en carton baryte, servant d'étanchéité aux remontées capillaires à travers les nervures, et présentent un profil en U. Les éléments 7 comportent en sous face un isolant 8, par exemple du polystyrène, et peuvent présenter des pièces d'écartement (non montrées au dessin) pour le ferraillage des poutrelles. Des réservations de traversée 9 sont prévues dans les éléments d'écartement 7. Sur la face supérieure des éléments de coffrage perdu 5 sont disposés des organes d'écartement 10, constitués par des morceaux de carton servant à séparer le coffrage 5 du treillis 11 d'armature de la dalle 3. On procède ensuite à la coulée du béton, qui s'effectue de préférence à la pompe. Après séσhage, seules les joues de coffrage 4 sont récupérables.Although it has not been shown in the drawing, the connecting elements 6 could include reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs. Between the rows of formwork 5, constituting the ribs of the slab 3, are arranged spacer elements 7 which define the width of the beams. The spacing elements 7 are made of baryte cardboard, serving as a seal against capillary increases through the ribs, and have a U-shaped profile. The elements 7 have an insulator 8, for example polystyrene, on the underside and may have spacers (not shown in the drawing) for the reinforcement of the beams. Crossing reservations 9 are provided in the spacer elements 7. On the upper face of the lost formwork elements 5 are arranged spacers 10, constituted by pieces of cardboard used to separate the formwork 5 from the mesh 11 for reinforcing the slab 3. Next, the concrete is poured , which is preferably done at the pump. After drying, only the formwork cheeks 4 are recoverable.
On notera qu'on peut avantageusement disposer, entre les fondations ponctuelles 1 et la dalle rigide 3, des éléments 12 d'un matériau résilient conférant à la construction un caractère anti-sisraique.Note that it is advantageous to have, between the point foundations 1 and the rigid slab 3, elements 12 of a resilient material giving the construction an anti-sisraic character.
En référence aux figures 2 à 4, on a représenté une variante du procédé selon l'invention, pour la réalisation d'une dalle comportant des poutres d'appui d'une hauteur supérieure à celle de la dalle et destinées à être partiellement noyées dans le sol. Sur ces figures on a représenté en 21 la surface du sol qui a été nivelée, en 22 une fouille destinée à accueillir une poutre et sur le fond 23 bien nivelé de laquelle on met en place la structure 24 de la poutre habillée d'un coffrage perdu 25, La structure 24 est constituée par un treillis métallique, et le coffrage perdu 25 consiste en une feuille de carton en forme de U. Les écarteurs 26 du treillis de l'armature 24 sont avantageusement fixés au coffrage 25, de façon que celui-ci puisse aisément être mis en place en même temps que le treillis.Referring to Figures 2 to 4, there is shown a variant of the method according to the invention, for the production of a slab comprising support beams of a height greater than that of the slab and intended to be partially embedded in floor. In these figures, the surface of the ground which has been leveled is shown at 21, at 22 a dig intended to accommodate a beam and on the well-leveled bottom 23 from which the structure 24 of the beam is fitted with a formwork lost 25, The structure 24 is constituted by a wire mesh, and the lost formwork 25 consists of a sheet of cardboard in the shape of a U. The spacers 26 of the mesh of the frame 24 are advantageously fixed to the formwork 25, so that that it can easily be put in place at the same time as the trellis.
Comme représenté à la figure 3, on remblaie avec de la terre 27 ou du sablon entre la fouille 22 et le coffrage 25, ce dernier étant maintenu à la bonne distance de l'armature 24 par les écarteurs 26. On comprend que le volume de remblai nécessaire dépend du terrassement qui a été effectué, lequel est fonction de la nature du sol et de la tenus des terres. Ce terrassement sera prévu le plus proche possible des cotes du coffrage 25 si les terres se tiennent bien. La nature du sol conditionne en conséquence le choix du matériau de coffrage : plus le sol pourra être taillé à une cote très proche de celle de la poutre à réaliser et plus le coffrage pourra être léger, alors que plus le sol sera pulvérulent, plus la fouille sera large et plus le matériau de coffrage devra être rigide. 25 excédant le niveau enterré de la poutre est repliée sur le terrain 21, et à cet effet les côtés verticaux du coffrage 25 présentent une pré-découpe 28 ménagée au niveau du dallage à couler.As shown in Figure 3, we backfill with earth 27 or sand between the excavation 22 and the formwork 25, the latter being kept at the right distance from the frame 24 by the spacers 26. It is understood that the volume of the backfill required depends on the earthwork that has been carried out, which depends on the nature of the soil and the condition of the land. This earthwork will be planned as close as possible to the dimensions of the formwork 25 if the soil stands well. The nature of the soil therefore conditions the choice of formwork material: the more the soil can be cut to a dimension very close to that of the beam to be produced and the lighter the formwork can be, while the more powdery the soil, the more the excavation will be wide and the more rigid the formwork material should be. 25 exceeding the buried level of the beam is folded over the ground 21, and for this purpose the vertical sides of the formwork 25 have a pre-cut 28 formed at the level of the paving to be poured.
Après mise en place des éléments d'armature et des éléments de coffrage latéraux (non représentés au dessin) ainsi que des éléments de coffrage perdu 30 (représentés à la figure 4), conformément au procédé selon l'invention décrit à la figure 1, on procède alors au coulage du béton 29 pour réaliser en une seule fois la poutre et la dalle, la pression du béton au coulage s'exerçant sur la terre de remblaiement.After the reinforcement elements and lateral formwork elements (not shown in the drawing) as well as the lost formwork elements 30 (represented in FIG. 4) have been put in place, in accordance with the method according to the invention described in FIG. 1, concrete 29 is then poured in order to produce the beam and the slab at one time, the pressure of the concrete in the pouring acting on the backfill.
On peut prévoir, de façon avantageuse, de doter le coffrage 25 d'un revêtement intérieur étanche, pour empêcher d'éventuelles infiltrations par sous-pression et réaliser ainsi un cuvelage étanche.Advantageously, provision can be made to provide the formwork 25 with a sealed internal coating, to prevent possible infiltration by under pressure and thus produce a sealed casing.
On comprendra que la description ci-dessus a été donnée à simple titre d'exemple, sans caractère limitatif, et que des adjonctions ou des modifications constructives pourraient être apportées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention définie par les revendications qui suivent. It will be understood that the above description has been given by way of example, without limitation, and that additions or constructive modifications could be made without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims which follow.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S. CLAIM S.
1. Procédé pour la réalisation d'une dalle rigide permettant de porter une construction, caractérisé par ceci qu'il consiste à réaliser des fondations ponctuelles (1) implantées au moins à la périphérie de la dalle (3) à réaliser, à procéder à la préparation d'un sol (2) plan et nivelé au niveau desdites fondations ponctuelles (1), à disposer sur le sol ainsi préparé des joues de coffrage récupérables (4) en périphérie de la dalle à réaliser, à disposer au centre des éléments de coffrage perdu (5) destinés à former les nervures de la dalle avec éventuellement des organes de raccordement (6) desdits éléments de coffrage perdu entre eux, à disposer entre les rangées d'éléments de coffrage perdu (5) des éléments (7) d'étanchéité, d'isolation et d'écartement des fonds de poutrelles et nervures, à procéder au ferraillage des poutrelles de périphérie et de nervure, à disposer un treillis (11) d'armature de la dalle sur la face supérieure des éléments de coffrage perdu, puis à couler du béton sur l'ensemble ainsi réalisé. 1. A method for producing a rigid slab enabling a construction to be carried, characterized in that it consists in making point foundations (1) located at least on the periphery of the slab (3) to be produced, in carrying out the preparation of a level and leveled floor (2) at the level of said point foundations (1), to be placed on the thus prepared floor of recoverable formwork cheeks (4) on the periphery of the slab to be produced, to be placed in the center of the elements of lost formwork (5) intended to form the ribs of the slab with possibly connecting members (6) of said formwork elements lost between them, to be arranged between the rows of elements of lost formwork (5) of elements (7) sealing, insulation and spacing of the bottom of beams and ribs, to reinforce the periphery and rib beams, to have a trellis (11) for reinforcing the slab on the upper face of the lost formwork elements, then pour concrete on the assembly thus produced.
2, Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les fondations ponctuelles réalisées sont constituées selon la nature du sol, par des puits (1 ) bétonnés à la profondeur réglementaire ou sur les couches résistantes du sol, ou bien par des micro-pieux. 2, A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the point foundations made are formed according to the nature of the soil, by wells (1) concreted to the regulatory depth or on the resistant layers of the soil, or by micro- pious.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, pour la réalisation d'une dalle rigide sur un sol inégal ou rocheux, caractérisé par le fait que les fondations ponctuelles (1) sont arasées au niveau du point le plus haut du sol, qu'on réalise les coffrages périmétriques extérieurs en deux parties, la première partie étant arasée au niveau du fond de dalle et des fondations en définissant un volume irrégulier à combler provisoirement par du sable ou un matériau pulvérulent support du fond de dalle et des coffrages perdus et la seconde partie étant formée par des rehausses de l'épaisseur des nervures plus dalle de compression permettant le coulage de la dalle, et qu'on procède au séchage de la dalle puis au décoffrage, le sable s'éliminant naturellement. 3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, for the realization of a rigid slab on uneven or rocky ground, characterized in that the point foundations (1) are leveled at the highest point of the ground, that the outer perimeter formwork is made in two parts, the first part being leveled off at the bottom of the slab and the foundations by defining an irregular volume to be temporarily filled with sand or a powdery material supporting the bottom of the slab and the lost formwork and the second part being formed by rises in the thickness of the ribs plus a compression slab allowing the slab to be poured, and the slab is then dried and then formwork removed, the sand being eliminated naturally.
4. Appareillage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les coffrages perdus sont constitués par des éléments en carton (5) livrés à plat et mis en volume sur le chantier avec croisillon de renforcement.4. Apparatus for the implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lost formwork consists of cardboard elements (5) delivered flat and placed in volume on the site with reinforcement brace.
5. Appareillage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend des moyens (10), pouvant être réalisés en carton, qui sont disposés sur la face supérieure des éléments de coffrage perdu (5) pour assurer l'écartement du treillis (11) d'armature de la dalle (3).5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises means (10), which can be made of cardboard, which are arranged on the upper face of the lost formwork elements (5) to ensure the spacing of the trellis (11) for reinforcing the slab (3).
6. Appareillage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments de coffrage perdu (5) disposés dans une même rangée pour délimiter une nervure de la dalle (3) sont reliés ensemble par des éléments de raccordement (6) pour constituer un ensemble continu, lesdits éléments de raccordement (6) pouvant être en carton et pouvant présenter des réservations servant de traversées perpendiculaires aux nervures,6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the lost formwork elements (5) arranged in the same row to delimit a rib of the slab (3) are connected together by connecting elements (6) to constitute a continuous assembly, said connecting elements (6) being able to be made of cardboard and possibly having reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs,
7. Appareillage selon la revendications 6, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits éléments de raccordement (6) sont conçus comme coffrage d'une poutre noyée transversale.7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that said connecting elements (6) are designed as shuttering of a transverse embedded beam.
8. Appareillage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé par des éléments (7) d'écartement des rangées de coffrages perdus (5), lesdits éléments (7) qui définissent la largeur des poutrelles étant réalisés en carton baryte et présentant un profil en U dans lequel peut être ménagée une réservation (9) de traversée,8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized by elements (7) for spacing the rows of lost forms (5), said elements (7) which define the width of the beams being made of barite cardboard and having a U-shaped profile in which a crossing reservation (9) can be arranged,
9. Appareillage selon la revendication 8., caractérisé par le fait que lesdits éléments (7) d'écartement des coffrages perdus présentent en sous face un isolant complémentaire.9. Apparatus according to claim 8., characterized in that said elements (7) for spacing lost formwork have on the underside a complementary insulator.
10. Appareillage selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits éléments (7) d'écartement des coffrages perdus comportent des pièces d'écartement du ferraillage des poutrelles, ce ferraillage étant prévu symétrique et étant calculé pour la nervure de plus grande portée,10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that said elements (7) for spacing the lost formwork comprise spacers for the reinforcement of the beams, this reinforcement being provided symmetrical and being calculated for the rib of greater range,
11, Appareillage selon l'une quelconque des revendica tions 4 à 10, caractérisé par le fait qu'un matériau résilient (12) est disposé entre les fondations ponctuelles (1) et la dalle rigide (3) pour conférer un caractère anti-sismique à la construction. 11, Apparatus according to any one of the claims tions 4 to 10, characterized in that a resilient material (12) is placed between the point foundations (1) and the rigid slab (3) to give an anti-seismic character to the construction.
12. Procédé selon la revendication 1 pour l'obtention d'une dalle comportant des poutres d'appui d'une hauteur supérieure à celle de la dalle caractérisé en ce que, après nivelage du sol (21) et avant mise en place des éléments de coffrage de la dalle, on réalise dans le sol des fouilles (22) pour le logement des poutres d'appui de la dalle, on dispose dans chaque fouille (22) un élément d'armature (24) de ladite poutre contenu à l'intérieur d'un élément de coffrage perdu (25), on remblaie entre la fouille (22) et le coffrage perdu (25) et on replie sur le terrain (21) la partie du coffrage perdu (25) excédant le niveau enterré de la poutre, de façon qu'après mise en place des éléments de coffrage extérieurs et des éléments constitutifs internes de la dalle (30) on procède en une seule opération au coulage de la dalle et des poutres. 12. Method according to claim 1 for obtaining a slab comprising support beams of a height greater than that of the slab characterized in that, after leveling the ground (21) and before placing the elements formwork of the slab, excavations are made in the ground (22) for housing the support beams of the slab, there is in each excavation (22) a reinforcing element (24) of said beam contained in the inside a lost formwork element (25), backfill between the excavation (22) and the lost formwork (25) and the part of the lost formwork (25) exceeding the buried level of is folded back on the ground (21) the beam, so that after placement of the external formwork elements and the internal constituent elements of the slab (30), the slab and the beams are poured in a single operation.
13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de calage (26) maintiennent, lors du remblaiement, le coffrage (25) a une distance convenable de l'armature (24).13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that wedging means (26) maintain, during backfilling, the formwork (25) at a suitable distance from the frame (24).
14. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que des moyens d'écartement (26) de l'armature (24) sont fixés au coffrage (25), en permettant une mise en place aisée de celui-ci en même temps que ladite armature (24).14. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that means for spacing (26) of the frame (24) are fixed to the formwork (25), allowing an easy positioning thereof at the same time as said frame (24).
15. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'on utilise pour la réalisation des coffrages perdus (25) un matériau à surface rigide et légère, tel que le carton, la fibre de bois ou la matière plastique,15. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that a material with a rigid and light surface, such as cardboard, wood fiber or plastic, is used for the production of the lost formwork (25).
16. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le coffrage (25) reçoit intérieurement un revêtement d'étanchéité. 16. The method of claim 12, characterized in that the formwork (25) internally receives a sealing coating.
EP85903002A 1984-06-19 1985-06-18 Method for making a rigid slab able to support a building Expired EP0185065B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT85903002T ATE46735T1 (en) 1984-06-19 1985-06-18 METHOD OF MAKING A CONSTRUCTION-BEARING RIGID PLATE.

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FR8409595A FR2566031B1 (en) 1984-06-19 1984-06-19 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A RIGID SLAB FOR CARRYING A CONSTRUCTION
FR8409595 1984-06-19

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DE (1) DE3573284D1 (en)
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IL75525A (en) 1989-07-31
MA20457A1 (en) 1985-12-31
JPS61502477A (en) 1986-10-30
WO1986000358A1 (en) 1986-01-16
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OA08206A (en) 1987-10-30
AU4492485A (en) 1986-01-24
FR2566031A1 (en) 1985-12-20
FR2566031B1 (en) 1988-01-29
CA1302111C (en) 1992-06-02
IL75525A0 (en) 1985-10-31
US4799348A (en) 1989-01-24
EP0185065B1 (en) 1989-09-27
JPH0699975B2 (en) 1994-12-12

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