US1775234A - Concrete building construction - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 9, 1930. E. o. BBOSTROM 1,775,234

CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed June 20, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 RAW IN VEN TOR.

A TTORNEY p 9, 1930- E. o. BRosTRoM 1,775,234

CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed June 20, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 9, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ERNEST O. BROSTROM, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Application filed June 20, 1927. Serial No. 199,961.

The present invention relates to concrete also with fasteningelements adapted for posiand cementitious building construction, and tively engaging the form units and securing aims to effect certain economies in such work, these in properly spaced relation. It is furadapted equally for the construction of walls ther sought to provide such spacing elements 6 and partitions and floors, roofs or ceilings. with suitable means for the attachment, a-n 55 Accordingly, one of the primary objects in choring and supporting ofextraneous devices, viewis to devise an improved means of consuch as grounds, screeds or other building struction for reinforced cement or concrete units, in a convenient andefiicient manner. slabs having protruding ribs or Ts, whether Other objects will be in part obvious from these are constructed in either vertical, or the accompanying drawings and in part inso inclined or horizontal position. dicated and set forth in the following de- For expediting the work of such construcscription and particularly defined in the tion, I have devised an improved combinaclaims. tion form and construction unit adapted to In the accompanying drawings are dis- 1 be constructed of sheet material and folded closed for illustrative purposes certain forms 5 into a unitary structure providing the necesof embodiment of the invention, but in no sary backing for both the exterior wall or sense ls ll', meant to limit the invention to slab and the interior plaster wall, as well as the precise arrangement and organization of the side faces and in some cases also the end parts as shown, it being understood that my face of the rib or T. invention can be variously arranged and or- 70 In this connection it is also an object of ganized to attain the objects and the adaptathe invention to still further expedite the tions thereof to useful purposes while still th d f tru ti by providing unitary coming within the scope of my invention. form units of the character just referred to, In the drawings with suitable sections of reinforcing material Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view 75 attached to the outer faces of the form, with illustrating a cement or concrete wall con the result that such reinforcing material is struction embodying certain features of my simultaneously placed with the formsand invention; without further attention is in position to be Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view of imbedded in the cement or concrete as the the same, but showing modified forms Of 80 work proceeds. Such form units are furtherspacer elements; the concrete and plaster more designed to be constructed in a prelimiwalls being indicated by broken lines;

nary fiat state which, with the attached rein- Figure 3 is a similar view but showing f i 1S sulmble p g and shlpment still other modifications as hereinafter rein a compact condition, ready to be folded f d t 85 g tg p p t p f use at the $1136 of the Figure 4 is a sectional view taken longitumg cons.mc dinally of the form members Another 0b ect of the invention 15 to )rovide inexpensive but eflicient spacing defices is l i f i g- 40 in the ribs or Ts for properly spacing the 1 Ion 5 fi t or form units the requisite distance apart and g s 1 lgllne maintaining them in this relation throughlbme. represepts a en an as out the process of construction, and in addias g View of a form f tion cooperate with other reinforcing and without the network of reinforcing ma- 46 ments to be placed in the T as a means of 2 D5 strengthening the same. Accordingly it is Figure 7 represents slmllal of my purpose to provide these spacing elements modlfied form (fonstlllctlon; not only with means for engaging and main- Figure 8 shows certain details of modified tainingthe usual reinforcing rods in positypes of binge or fold corners for the form 50 tion Within the rib or T structure itself, but members; 100

Figure 9 is a perspective view showing a modified patternfor the form blanks;

Figure 10 shows certain details in perspective and plan view of various types of tie and spacer elements as hereinafter described; and

Figure 11 is an enlarged detailed view illustrating one of said tie and spacer elements serving as an anchoring for a shore or screed.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, I have illustrated my improved construction in connection with foldable form units 12 made from any suitable sheet material, for example, material of a fibrous or cellular character such as insulation board, paper or the like, of a rigid or semi-rigid consistency which will hold its shape and also permit assembly of the units in superposed relation as well as Withstand the strains incident to the application of the concrete or cement and plaster walls, as hereinafter described. Such a character of material also adapts it for use as insulation in addition to serving as form members for the ribs or Ts and as backing for the Walls; but the invention is not confined to the use of such materials, since wood, metal and other materials suitable for manufacture into form units of the type. illustrated may be employed to advantage in carrying out the same general purpose.

Certain patterns and details for the sections of sheet material as used for making up the form units are illustrated in Figures tito 9 inclusive. Referring to Figure 6, this shows the material cut to form inner and outer wall panels 14 and 16 for forming backing for the outer concrete Wall 15 and the inner plaster wall 17, respectively, these panels being connected by an intermediate side panel 18 to act as a forming element for one of the side faces of a rib or T 1!) (see Figure 1). In this type of form the panel 14 also carries a side panel section 20 for the opposite side face of an adjoining rib or T, and also one or more end panels for closing up the space at the end of the wall panel as well as coopcrating with the side panels for holding the wall panels in spaced relation. 'lhis reference to inner and outer wall panels is intended to comprehend any position or arrangement of the form work for molding a wall or slab 15 Whether this occupies a vertical position as illustrated for an outside wall, or is constructed as a partition, or ceiling, flooring, roofing, etc.

For producing the hinge or l'old structure between the several panels, the material may be cut, pressed, scored, or adapted by any practical expedient to fold along the lines 24 in order to provide for folding of the panels at substantially right angles, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 4. Different types of hinge structures for the same purposes are shown in Figure 8, where the panels. say 16 and 18, are provided with a flexible connecting strip 25 permitting the panels with either straightcut and separated edges as indicated at A, or with curved-cut meeting edges as indicated with the panels 16 and 18' at B, to be swung into right-angular positions; or the flexible hinge strip may be applied to straight-cut meeting edges as indicated at C, or between overlapping edges as indicated at D for producing a marginal extension 16 along one margin of the panel 16 for the purpose of projecting more or less across the rib or T space 19' as illustrated in Figure 3. It is obvious that this projection 16 may be extended either part way or fully across said T space, Figure 8 showing this overlapping function of the panel 16 divided between its extension 16 and the opposite margin of said panel. In the form of panel shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6, the width of the panel 16 exceeds that of the panel 14 by the width of theT 1f), the T-overlapping margin in this case being that portion between the dotted line 16 and the outer edge of the panel in Figure 6. Similarly, in Figure 7 the T-overlapping func tion of this panel is divided between the ex tension lying between the dotted line 16 and the outer edge of the panel, and the extension 16 formed by the same type of hinge as illus trated at D in Figure 8.

The form units are designed to be made in any desired length as indicated in Figures (5 and 7 and omitting either or both of the end panels 22, Figure 7 representing the bottom end panel omitted. The wall panel 16 may be made longer than the panel 14 to form extensions for nailing purposes as indicated at 26 in Figure 4, or may be made of the same length as indicated by the dotted lines 16* in order to facilitate assembling of the form units in superposed relation.

In Figure 9 l have illustrated a slightly modified outline or pattern for cutting the form unit, in that the wall panel 16 is cut in two triangular mating sections, a section 16 con'iprising an extension from the side panel 18, and a section lti comprising an extension from the other side panel 20 and matching the section 1(3 when the blank is folded to produce the complete rectangular panel 16, as represented by the broken line in said F i gure 9. Such a pattern is desirable as making for economy in the cutting of the blank from the sheet.

If desired, the side panels of the form units may be suitably reinforced as represented, for example, at 21' in Figure 3, or the interior faces of the panel 14 may be braced by cross cleats 28 or the like, but such reinforcing features are by no means essential asa general rule. But as the form units are to be made up and shipped in a fiat compact condition, I prefer under some conditions to equip them with the proper amount of reinforcing material for the concrete or cement wall 15 and, if desired, also for the plaster wall 17, which may be accomplished by applying sections of screen, wire mesh, metal lath or equivalent material 29 to the outer faces of the wall panels 14 and 16, which material may be secured directly against the panels 14 by means of staples 30 or the like, but I prefer to use washers 31 or similar spacing devices in connection with the staples for holding the material 29 slightly away from the panels 16 when placed in position as shown in Figures 1 to 4.

The general'sehgme or arrangement of the form units in the assembly of the same for the slab and T construction is apparent from, the foregoing, and for retaining the same in such relation during the application of the concrete material, various bonding and spacing means may be employed. Frame pieces or strips 32 are illustrated in Figure 1 across the face of the T 19, to which strips the margins of the panels 16 ma be secured by nails 26. In such a case the flame pieces are to be left permanently in place; but in other cases temporary frame pieces or supports 33 may be employed, as illustrated in Figure 3. In either of these cases I may employ what may be termed a spacing member adapted to be stamped from sheet metal and comprising a body portion of parallel sections 34 form.- ing bracing or reinforcing means for the T and adapted to be spread apart to permit placing of the reinforcing rods 35, which are conveniently held in place by wings or lugs 36, and one of the ends of said body portion 34, bent over as shown, the other end being adapted to act as a gaging projection to determine the thickness of the concrete wall or slab 15. From the body portion also project wings or lugs 36 which act as spacer elements in the positioning of the form units the proper distance apart. As indicated in Figure 3, the body of the spacer may be formed with prongs 40 to project through the margins of the panel 16 of the form unit, or through two such margins as represented in said figure (thus tying the same together), and also into the frame piece 33, after the removal of which the prongs may be bent back or used for the attachment of grounds at the exterior of the plaster wall 17.

In Figure 10 several different types of tie or bond and spacing elements are illustrated, the same being designed to be mounted in the T space 19 for reinforcing the same and also spacing the form units the proper distance apart, and in some cases tying said units together. At E in said figure is illustrated a tie and spacing element comprising the yoke shaped body 45 with two sets of spacing wings-or lugs 46 and oppositely projecting hook elements 47 designed for engagement with the forms, the extremities of said hooks being bent or clinched as in the case of the tie and spacing element shown at the left in Figure 2. In the device shown at F in Figure 10 (which is also adapted to be conveniently constructed from a sheet metal blank) one end is formed with a lug 50 for nailing to a frame strip, and intermediate. its ends are formed oppositely projecting spacing wings 51 provided with hook elements 52 for engaging the form units; the balance of the device is similar to the device 31 already described. The device shown at (l is formed with spurs or prongs 53 for engaging and tying the form units together and also with a lug 54 adapted to be bent over a rein forcing rod 35 to hold it in-place. At 11 is shown a flat plate 56 with spacing lugs 57 to engage t e form units and an end lug 55 for nailing it to a frame piece; the body of the device is cut with holes 59 for the reinforcing rods 35, and the other projecting end (it) of the body is crimped or corrugated for the anchoring of other materials not adapted to be secured by any of the other methods shown. The remaining devices in said Figure 10 are wire adaptations for the same general purpose, the construction at I forming the same type of yoke body, the spacing coils 62 and terminal hooks for attaching to the form units; at J a two part wire structure is shown, providing the yoke member 64 with anchoring terminals 65, and a bond or tie. element 66 having the spacing shoulders 67 and hook terminals 68, one'hperative position of this structure being illustrated at the right in Figure 2. The device shown at K is of a yielding or resilient type adapted to be spread for admitting the reinforcing rods 35 into the curved seats 70; one end is forn'ied with a spacing coil 71 and the other end is oli' et laterally and provided with a spur 72 which may be drivenby a hammer blow into a frame piece; this device is adapted to be placed in alternate positions, first right and then left, that is in pairs with the coils 71 facing in opposite directions.

The tie and spacing element shown at the left in Figure 2 is provided with prongs or hooks 74 similar to those of the device F in Figure 10, for retaining engagement with the form units, while the outer ends of the device are elongated to provide extensions 75 which are spread slightly and formed with nail openings for the attaching of nailing strips, cleats or the like. One application of this feature is illustrated on a larger scale in Figure 11 where the elongations 75 are bent at the proper angles for being clamped and se cured to a screed 76 carrying flooring 77 or the like, and for insulation purposes a pad 78 of insulation material is clamped between the fingers or elongations 75 and the screed member. By this construction a practically absolute sound deadening action can be established between such construction units.

In Figure 3 I illustrate a still further type of bond and spacer means comprising a metal impervious strip 80, also shown in perspective in Figure 5 as stamped with a series of lugs 82 in staggered relation to engage the edges of adjoining form units, and also lugs 83 projecting outward and adapted to be bent for retaining engagement with the plaster wall panels 16; ,In this construction any appropriate tie or bond element such as an ordinary wire sling or stirrup 85 may be used for holding the rods 35 in place and tying the same to the reinforcing material 29. At the right in this same view I show a plain yoke or U-shaped clip 86 which may be carried by the plaster wall panels for retaining engagement with the'outer edge of the side panel 20, as will be readily uiulerstood- It will thus be apparent that I have devised practical and efiicient means for carrying out the proposed objects of the invention. The improved type of form unit effects a great practical economy in building operations due to its atl'ording a unitary member comprising all the backing surfaces required for not only the slab and T or rib but also the plaster wall itself, and, since it may be constructed of material having a high insulation value, its being left in place dispenses with any additional operation for'the. installation of such material next to the slab or as part of the outside wall. Moreover. if desired. the panel 16 may be permanently waterproofed prior to the installation of the form units in the building process. The construction of form units of a. knockdown character as described otlers certain other advantages from 0 the standpoint of economy and efiiciency,

since they can be shipped and stored in a flat condition and thereafter quickly assembled for use on the job. In this connection a tremendously important gain in efficiency is due to the adaptability of the form units for the application of the wall reinforcing materials during the manufacture of the form, and the possibility of handling it with the reinforcing webbing attached to the faces of those panels which act as backing for the walls requiring such reinforcing. By this method the installation of this reinforcing material is 'arried out with a minimum of time at labor, and without in any way interfering with any step of the building operation. The, vprious means provided for the spacing of the forms and the retaining of the same in proper relation during the formation of the cement or concrete structure, and finishing of the plaster walls, are in all respects adapted for the proper and efficient performance of the described functions. It is further apparent that exceedingly high insulation value may be obtained by virtue of the form unit structure, especially where a number of these units reduced suflicieutly in size are superimposed upon each other, the partitions between the cells stopping the air circulation within the form units themselves.

It is not to be understood, however, that the scope of the invention is to be limited I to the specific expedients herein set forth for carrying the invention into practice, and I expressly reserve the right to make all such changes and modifications as may fairly fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters l atent 1. A form member of sheet material for use in concrete or cement-itious work, comprising a central panel with folding wing portions collapsible upon the faces of the central panel into a flat shipping condition, said wing portions being also movable into partially open or expanded condition forming a permanent unitary backing and spacing unit including a central backing panel and side or wing panels.

2. A form for concrete construction Work comprising foldable members of sheet ma terial including outside and inside wall panels and intermediate side panels hingedly connected therewith and forming a unitar spacing form providing backgrounds for bot the outer or concrete wall and the inner plaster wall.

3. A form for concrete construction work comprising foldable members of sheet material including outside and inside wall panels and intermediate side panels hingedly connected therewith, the inside panel being of greater width than the outside panel for projecting past one or more of said side panels when opened up into form position.

4. A form for concrete construction Work comprising foldable members of sheet material providing outside and inside Wall panels and intermediate side and one or more end panels hingedly connected with said Wall panels and forming a unitary spacing form providing backgrounds for both the outer or concrete wall and the inner plaster wall when opened up into form position.

5. A form for concrete construction work comprising foldable members of sheet material providing outside and inside Wall panels and intermediate side panels hingedly connected therewith. the inside panel having one of its side margins extending into projecting relation past the corresponding side panel when opened up into form position.

6. A form for concrete construction Work comprising foldable members of sheet material providing outside and inside Wall panels and intermediate side panels hingedly connected therewith and forming a unitary spacing form providing backgrounds for both the outer concrete wall and the inner plaster wall, and reinforcing material for said outer wall secured to the outer face of either wall panel.

7. Form work for concrete construction of the concrete slab and integral T or rib type, said form work comprising a unitary form member of sheet material providing backing for the slab and also for the inner plaster wall, and provided with an extension in projecting relation across the end of said T or rib space.

8. Form Work for concrete construction of the concrete slab and integral T or rib type, said form work comprising form members providing back panels as backing for the slab and side panels for the sides of the T, and spacing members connecting the side panels of adjacent form members and acting as temporary spacing means for maintaining said form members in properly spaced relation and also as permanent reinforcing means for the finished T.

9. Form Work for concrete construction of the concrete slab and integral T or rib type, said form work comprising box or cell-like form members providing backing for said slab and the inside plaster wall and also for the sides of the T, and spacing members located in the T space and having means for engaging adjacent sides of said form members and maintaining the same in proper spaced relation.

10. Form Work for concrete construction of the concrete slab and integral T or rib type, said form work comprising box or celllike form members providing backing for said slab and the inside plaster Wall and also for the sides of the T, and spacing members located in the T space and having means for engaging adjacent sides of said form members and maintaining the same in proper spaced relation, said spacing members having one or more extensions serving as fastening nllegns for extraneous devices for the wall or s a 11. Form work for concrete construction of the concrete slab and integral T or rib type, said form work comprising form members providing backing for the slab and for the sides of the T, reinforcing rods within the space for said T, and spacing members located in the T space in engagement with adjacent sides of the form members and maintaining the same in properly spaced relation and having retaining elements engaging and serving as temporary anchoring means for said rods.

In witness whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.

ERNEST O. BROSTROM.

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