EP0165355A1 - Method of realizing a basement underneath an existing structure - Google Patents

Method of realizing a basement underneath an existing structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0165355A1
EP0165355A1 EP84401033A EP84401033A EP0165355A1 EP 0165355 A1 EP0165355 A1 EP 0165355A1 EP 84401033 A EP84401033 A EP 84401033A EP 84401033 A EP84401033 A EP 84401033A EP 0165355 A1 EP0165355 A1 EP 0165355A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
excavation
elements
prefabricated
basement
construction
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EP84401033A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marc Deshais
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to FR8303207A priority Critical patent/FR2541704B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP84401033A priority patent/EP0165355A1/en
Publication of EP0165355A1 publication Critical patent/EP0165355A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/06—Separating, lifting, removing of buildings; Making a new sub-structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/48—Foundations inserted underneath existing buildings or constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E04B1/0015—Cellars constructed from prefabricated units

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a basement under an existing construction.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method of producing a basement under an existing construction which uses prefabricated elements, these being put in place without using handling equipment.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the prefabricated element or elements present by themselves or are provided by temporary addition of elements of positive buoyancy, in that a dig is excavated extending to the exterior of the construction and under it, including at least the space provided for the prefabricated element entering into the construction of the basement, the volume of this excavation outside the construction having a volume such that 'it can accommodate the prefabricated element and the section of the connecting part between the external part of the excavation and the location of the prefabricated element allowing the passage of this element; in that one optionally seals this excavation and puts it in water to a level sufficient to float the prefabricated element lowered into the external part of the excavation; brings the prefabricated element in the floating state of the external part of the excavation to its location under the construction and adjusts its level by modifying its buoyancy level.
  • the prefabricated element can be constituted by a monolithic box forming the entire basement to be produced.
  • the prefabricated elements can be constituted by boxes corresponding to said parts or to said parts. When the elements in the box have openings, these can be obstructed by temporary cladding and the element is waterproof with water by a plastic wrap sheet.
  • the prefabricated elements constitute elements of hollow load-bearing walls.
  • These load-bearing wall elements which may constitute formwork elements are preferably constituted by two parallel concrete walls joined by reinforcements forming beams and a base plate.
  • the end sealing of the formwork elements can be ensured by a concrete veil but it is preferable, to ensure the subsequent overall connection of all the wall elements during filling, to use a removable wall with possibly a peripheral wrapping of the element by a plastic sheet.
  • the element level can be adjusted by modifying the water level in the excavation or by modifying the element's own buoyancy by inserting it or removing a ballast such as sand or some water.
  • the level adjustment can be used, either to lower the element on a sole cast in advance or on temporary wedges awaiting pouring of the sole or the raft, or to support the prefabricated elements under the beams of the floor of the existing construction, either directly or through beams and / or slabs. Due to the difficulty encountered in performing the immersion setting of the prefabricated elements, it is preferable to lower them in abutment on support elements made beforehand on the excavation bottom and to secure beams or slabs on their top which can be brought into position and supported under the floor of the existing construction by floats.
  • lateral stabilizing floats which allow, by adjustment of their own buoyancy and / or that of the element, of tilting the element to adjust its verticality or to ensure a reduction in its draft and / or its air draft, for example for the '' introduce into the excavation in the basement from an external excavation of reduced depth by passing under a recovery beam in the underground.
  • the reference 1 generally designates the existing construction
  • the reference 2 the walls of the excavation covered by a sheet of impermeable plastic
  • 3 the water poured into the excavation.
  • Reference 4 designates the opening made in the base of the construction with a beam 5 of load recovery, to put in communication the outer part 6 of the excavation with the part 7 located under the construction.
  • the basement consists of a one-piece box 8 which is placed under the construction.
  • This box is made in a reinforced concrete workshop using the traditional formwork concrete technique.
  • This box must however, in the context of the method of the invention, be able to be floated, that is to say that its weight must be less than the weight of the volume of water that it can move to its sealing level.
  • the dimensions of the box must allow the transport of the box by road in ordinary or exceptional convoy, the height alone remaining constant and between 2.20 and 2.50 meters.
  • the dimensions and weight of the box must allow it to be handled using a crane available on site. Failing this, it is possible to provide part 6 of the excavation with an inclined plane to allow the descent of the box into the excavation. If necessary the basement can be subdivided into several elementary caissons which will be joined in part 7 of the excavation. Slinging points 9 are provided for construction on the box, some 9a for handling, others 9b for pushing the box under construction.
  • the parts 6 and 7 of the excavation have, in this embodiment, each of the dimensions greater than the dimensions of the box 8.
  • the latter is lowered into the external part 6 of the excavation and is poured into the latter of water 3 until the box floats.
  • the bottom of the excavation is leveled and adjusted with sand so that the height between the bottom of the excavation and the underside of the floor 10 or the lower wing of the beam 2 is not only slightly greater than the overall height of the box.
  • the horizontality of the box 8 is perfectly adjusted, for example by ballasts such as sand, and its level is adjusted by modifying the water level 3 so that it is barely lifted from the bottom of the excavation.
  • the finishing works include the recovery of the underlayment of the floor 10, for example by injection of concrete between a formwork bearing on the box and the underside of the existing floor, the recovery of the front wall on the basement wall, the installation of an internal staircase hopper and the installation of the staircase 13.
  • the wall of the box which comes in front can be constituted by a sheet pile wall with waterproofing by a plastic sheet wrapping the lower part of the box, said wall being removed after installation and part 6 of the excavation being arranged downhill. Otherwise part 6 is filled.
  • each element consists of two plates 15 for example 5 cm thick joined at their bases by a sole 16.
  • the element can be made of reinforced concrete with a trellis 17 ensuring the spacing of the plates.
  • the spacing between the opposite faces of the plates 15 is at least 17cm, which gives a draft of approximately 2m20.
  • the sealing of the end faces can be ensured by a concrete veil or by a removable board and the element can be wrapped in a waterproof plastic sheet 18.
  • the construction of the basement is preferably carried out in several phases to reduce the duration of non-shoring.
  • Figures 9 and 10 illustrate an implementation in two phases, but the site can be subdivided into a larger number of phases if the nature of the land requires it.
  • An external excavation 6a is carried out which is greater than the dimensions of an element and a first part 7a of the excavation is excavated underground, under construction, the walls of the excavation are covered with a waterproof sheet 2 which has a sufficient surface. to fill the entire excavation, the excess surface being stored in-2a. Is poured at the location of the walls a sole 19 which will adjust the final position of the elements.
  • the excavation 6a-7a is then filled with water and a first element 14 is floated in the part 6a which is pushed and guided in place then lowered onto the sole 19 by slightly lowering the level of the water in the excavation or by ballasting it for example by pouring a small volume of concrete.
  • Hauling and guiding the element in place can be done in many ways. To avoid having to work under a reduced air draft, one can anchor in the walls of the excavation or under the floor of the pitons with return pulleys 20 over which pass traction cables 21 which are pulled from the outside. End of travel shims 22 can also be provided to ensure the automatic adjustment of the element on the sole 19. The element floating freely the forces necessary for movement are obviously very low.
  • the excavation can be drained and props 23 placed between the elements facing each other to provide shoring.
  • the excavation 7 is then completed, the sheet reserve 2a deployed to garnish the surface of the excavation and the establishment of the other elements is continued in the same manner.
  • Finishing the sub - soil can be carried out as in the case of a box, the tamping sand 12 is more easily carried out between the sheet 2 and the elements 14 by injecting the sand from the excavation 6a and the carrying by a current of water created by pumping at a point opposite the excavation.
  • the recovery of the construction floor under construction can be carried out by pressing on the upper edges of the elements 14 of the flat beams 24 (FIG. 7) which may have support wings 25 and by injecting concrete between these beams forming formwork and the construction floor.
  • These beams can be put in place using usual handling means circulating in the dry basement but it is possible, as illustrated in Figure 11, to use.
  • a float 26 which carries, by props 27, the beam 24.
  • the beam 24 can be slid between the floor 1 and the ridge of the elements 14.
  • This method of installation can prove to be particularly interesting in the case where an opening remains at the right of the excavation 6a. It is possible by playing on the buoyancy of the float 26 or on the level of the water in the basement to pressurize the beam 24 against the floor to take up the loads and to perform the wedging between the wings 25 and the upper surface of walls cast in elements 14.
  • the element 14 is associated with a fitting 28, a float 29 which has two chambers, l 'a lower 30 filled with air and the other upper 31 which can be ballasted.
  • the whole float element is then subjected to a system of forces which essentially comprises the weight P of the element, the buoyancy of Archimedes F of the submerged part of the element, the buoyancy of Archimedes f of the submerged part of the float 29 and the weight p of the ballast, in practice of the water which is in the compartment 31.
  • F + f P + p and the equality of the couples ensured on the whole by the four forces .

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Abstract

According to the invention, the prefabricated element or elements, which are intended to constitute the basement, have of themselves or are equipped by temporary addition with elements (29) of positive buoyancy. A ditch (6-7) is dug, which extends to the outside of the construction and below the latter, including at least the location envisaged for the prefabricated element (8), the volume of this ditch (6) on the outside of the construction (1) being of such a volume that it can accommodate the prefabricated element. This ditch is filled with water (3) to a sufficient level to make the prefabricated element float when lowered into the external part (6) of the ditch. The prefabricated element is brought, floating, from the external part of the ditch to its location under the construction and its level is adjusted by modification of its level of flotation. The invention makes possible the realisation of such basements with prefabricated elements. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour la réalisation d'un sous-sol sous une construction existante.The present invention relates to a method for producing a basement under an existing construction.

Pour réaliser un sous-sol sous une construction existante notamment sous une construction à usage d'habitation déjà batie sans sous-sol, on se heurte à diverses difficultés. L'une des principales est la difficulté de réaliser le sous-sol avec des éléments préfabriqués en raison de l'impossibilité d'utiliser en pratique des engins de manutention suffisamment puissants et de l'espace relativement limité de la fouille dans lequel il faut manier lesdits éléments. La réalisation du sous-sol par reprise en sous-oeuvre et construction in situ des murs,nécessite une durée de réalisation beaucoup plus longue avec un étaiement plus sérieux et un coût plus élevé.To achieve a basement under an existing construction, in particular under a construction for residential use already built without a basement, one encounters various difficulties. One of the main ones is the difficulty of making the basement with prefabricated elements because of the impossibility of using sufficiently powerful handling equipment in practice and the relatively limited space of the excavation in which it is necessary to handle said elements. The realization of the basement by resumption in under-work and in situ construction of the walls, requires a much longer realization time with a more serious shoring and a higher cost.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un procédé de réalisation d'un sous-sol sous une construction existante qui met en oeuvre des éléments préfabriqués, ceux-ci étant mis en place sans utiliser des engins de manutention.The object of the present invention is to propose a method of producing a basement under an existing construction which uses prefabricated elements, these being put in place without using handling equipment.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments préfabriqués présentent par eux-mêmes ou sont dotés par adjonction temporaire d'éléments d'une flottabilité positive, en ce que l'on creuse une fouille s'étendant à l'extérieur de la construction et sous celle-ci en englobant au moins l'emplacement prévu pour l'élément préfabriqué entrant dans la réalisation du sous-sol, le volume de cette fouille à l'extérieur de la construction ayant un volume tel qu'il puisse loger l'élément préfabriqué et la section de la partie de liaison entre la partie extérieure de la fouille et l'emplacement de l'élément préfabriqué autorisant le passage de cet élément; en ce que l'on étanche éventuellement cette fouille et la met en eau jusqu'à un niveau suffisant pour faire flotter l'élément préfabriqué descendu dans la partie extérieure de la fouille; amène l'élément préfabriqué à l'état flottant de la partie extérieure de la fouille à son emplacement sous la construction et règle son niveau par modification de son niveau de flottaison.The method according to the invention is characterized in that the prefabricated element or elements present by themselves or are provided by temporary addition of elements of positive buoyancy, in that a dig is excavated extending to the exterior of the construction and under it, including at least the space provided for the prefabricated element entering into the construction of the basement, the volume of this excavation outside the construction having a volume such that 'it can accommodate the prefabricated element and the section of the connecting part between the external part of the excavation and the location of the prefabricated element allowing the passage of this element; in that one optionally seals this excavation and puts it in water to a level sufficient to float the prefabricated element lowered into the external part of the excavation; brings the prefabricated element in the floating state of the external part of the excavation to its location under the construction and adjusts its level by modifying its buoyancy level.

L'élément préfabriqué peut être constitué par un caisson monolithique formant la totalité du sous-sol à réaliser. Toutefois, pour diminuer l'importance de la fouille à l'extérieur de la construction et lorsqu'il s'agit d'un sous-sol comportant plusieurs pièces ou subdivisable en plusieurs parties par des parois temporaires, les éléments préfabriqués peuvent être constitués par des caissons correspondant auxdites pièces ou auxdites parties. Lorsque les éléments en caisson comportent des ouvertures, celles-ci peuvent être obstruées par un bardage .temporaire et l'étanchéité à l'eau de l'élément peut être assurée par une feuille plastique d'enveloppement.The prefabricated element can be constituted by a monolithic box forming the entire basement to be produced. However, to reduce the importance of the excavation outside the construction and when it is a basement comprising several rooms or subdividable into several parts by temporary walls, the prefabricated elements can be constituted by boxes corresponding to said parts or to said parts. When the elements in the box have openings, these can be obstructed by temporary cladding and the element is waterproof with water by a plastic wrap sheet.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation qui permet une réduction encore plus importante des fouilles et réduit la puissance des engins de transport et de manutention à mettre en oeuvre, les éléments préfabriqués constituent des éléments de murs porteurs creux. Ces éléments de murs porteurs qui peuvent constituer des éléments de coffrage sont de préférence constitués par deux parois parallèles en béton réunies par des armatures formant poutres et une semelle de base. L'étanchéité en bout des éléments de coffrage peut être assurée par un voile de béton mais il est préférable, pour assurer la liaison d'ensemble ultérieure de tous les éléments de murs au cours du remplissage,d'utiliser une paroi amovible avec éventuellement un enveloppement périphérique de l'élément par une feuille plastique.According to another embodiment which allows an even greater reduction in excavations and reduces the power of the transport and handling equipment to be used, the prefabricated elements constitute elements of hollow load-bearing walls. These load-bearing wall elements which may constitute formwork elements are preferably constituted by two parallel concrete walls joined by reinforcements forming beams and a base plate. The end sealing of the formwork elements can be ensured by a concrete veil but it is preferable, to ensure the subsequent overall connection of all the wall elements during filling, to use a removable wall with possibly a peripheral wrapping of the element by a plastic sheet.

Le réglage du niveau de l'élément peut se faire par modification du niveau de l'eau dans la fouille ou par modification de la flottabilité propre de l'élément par introduction dans celui-ci ou enlèvement d'un lest tel que du sable ou de l'eau. Le réglage du niveau peut être utilisé, soit pour descendre l'élément sur une semelle coulée à l'avance ou sur des cales temporaires en attente de coulée de la semelle ou du radier, soit pour mettre en appui les éléments préfabriqués sous les poutres du plancher de la construction existante, soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire de poutres et/ou hourdis. En raison de la difficulté rencontrée pour effectuer le calage en immersion des éléments préfabriqués, il est préférable de descendre ceux-ci en appui sur des éléments d'appui réalisés au préalable sur le fond de fouille et de caler sur leur sommet des poutres ou hourdis qui peuvent être amenés en position et mis en appui sous le plancher de la construction existante par des flotteurs.The element level can be adjusted by modifying the water level in the excavation or by modifying the element's own buoyancy by inserting it or removing a ballast such as sand or some water. The level adjustment can be used, either to lower the element on a sole cast in advance or on temporary wedges awaiting pouring of the sole or the raft, or to support the prefabricated elements under the beams of the floor of the existing construction, either directly or through beams and / or slabs. Due to the difficulty encountered in performing the immersion setting of the prefabricated elements, it is preferable to lower them in abutment on support elements made beforehand on the excavation bottom and to secure beams or slabs on their top which can be brought into position and supported under the floor of the existing construction by floats.

Il est également possible, dans le cadre du procédé, d'utiliser des flotteurs stabilisateurs latéraux qui permettent, par réglage de leur flottabilité propre et/ou de celle de l'élément, d'incliner l'élément pour régler sa verticalité ou pour assurer une réduction de son tirant d'eau et/ou de son tirant d'air, par exemple pour l'introduire dans la fouille en sous-sol à partir d'une fouille extérieure de profondeur réduite en passant sous une poutre de reprise en sous-oeuvre.It is also possible, within the framework of the method, to use lateral stabilizing floats which allow, by adjustment of their own buoyancy and / or that of the element, of tilting the element to adjust its verticality or to ensure a reduction in its draft and / or its air draft, for example for the '' introduce into the excavation in the basement from an external excavation of reduced depth by passing under a recovery beam in the underground.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée de divers exemples de réalisation, faite ci-après avec référence aux dessins ci- annexés dans lesquels:

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale schématique illustrant une première phase de la mise en place d'un caisson formant l'ensemble du sous-sol, la figure 2 est une vue en coude transversale illustrant l'introduction du caisson sous la construction, la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale correspondant à la figure 1 illustrant la même phase de la mise en place que la figure 2, la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du caisson mis en place sous la construction, la figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un élément de coffrage utilisé conformément au procédé pour réaliser les murs d'un sous-sol sous une construction existante, la figure 6 est une vue en plan de l'élément de coffrage, la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'une poutre utilisée pour la reprise de charge du plancher de la construction existante sur le sous-sol, la figure 8 est une vue en coupe par VIII-VIII de figure 10 au cours de la mise en place d'un coffrage selon les figures 5 et 6, la figure 9 est une vue en plan de l'excavation primaire au cours de la première phase de mise en place des coffrages de murs des figures 5 et 6, la figure 10 est une vue en plan de l'excavation complète et de la deuxième phase de mise , en place des coffrages, la figure 11 est une variante de figure 8 illustrant la reprise en charge du plancher de la construction existante sur une poutre selon figure 7 et la figure 12 illustre schématiquement l'utilisation d'un flotteur auxiliaire pour le transport d'un élément avec un tirant d'eau et un tirant d'air réduit.
Other characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description of various exemplary embodiments, given below with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view illustrating a first phase of the establishment of a box forming the whole of the basement, Figure 2 is a transverse elbow view illustrating the introduction of the box under construction , Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to Figure 1 illustrating the same phase of the establishment as Figure 2, Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the box placed under construction, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a formwork element used in accordance with the method for making the walls of a basement under an existing construction, Figure 6 is a plan view of the formwork element, Figure 7 is a perspective view of a beam used for the load recovery of the floor of the existing construction on the basement, Figure 8 is a sectional view through VIII-VIII of Figure 10 during the establishment of a formwork according to Figures 5 and 6, fig ure 9 is a plan view of the primary excavation during the first phase of placing the wall formwork in FIGS. 5 and 6, FIG. 10 is a plan view of the complete excavation and of the second phase of placing the formwork in place, FIG. 11 is a variant of FIG. 8 illustrating the recovery of the floor of the existing construction on a beam according to FIG. 7 and FIG. 12 schematically illustrates the use of an auxiliary float for transporting an element with a draft and a reduced air draft.

Dans les dessins la référence 1 désigne d'une façon générale la construction existante, la référence 2 les parois de la fouille recouvertes par une feuille de plastique imperméable et 3 l'eau déversée dans.la fouille. La référence 4 désigne l'ouverture réalisée dans le soubassement de la construction avec une poutre 5 de reprise des charges, pour mettre en communication la partie extérieure 6 de la fouille avec la partie 7 se trouvant sous la construction.In the drawings, the reference 1 generally designates the existing construction, the reference 2 the walls of the excavation covered by a sheet of impermeable plastic and 3 the water poured into the excavation. Reference 4 designates the opening made in the base of the construction with a beam 5 of load recovery, to put in communication the outer part 6 of the excavation with the part 7 located under the construction.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 4, le sous-sol est constitué par un caisson monobloc 8 qui est mis en place sous la construction. Ce caisson est réalisé en atelier en béton armé selon la technique traditionnelle du béton banché. Ce caisson doit toutefois, dans le cadre du procédé de l'invention, pouvoir être mis en flottaison, c'est-à-dire que son poids doit être inférieur au poids du volume d'eau qu'il peut déplacer jusqu'à son niveau d'étanchéité.In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4, the basement consists of a one-piece box 8 which is placed under the construction. This box is made in a reinforced concrete workshop using the traditional formwork concrete technique. This box must however, in the context of the method of the invention, be able to be floated, that is to say that its weight must be less than the weight of the volume of water that it can move to its sealing level.

De préférence les dimensions du caisson doivent permettre le transport du caisson par route en convoi ordinaire ou exceptionnel, la hauteur seule restant constante et comprise entre 2,20 et 2,50 mètres. Les dimensions et le poids du caisson doivent permettre sa manipulation à l'aide d'une grue disponible sur le chantier. A défaut il est possible de munir la partie 6 de la fouille d'un plan incliné pour permettre la descente du caisson dans la fouille. En cas de nécessité le sous-sol peut être subdivisé en plusieurs caissons élémentaires qui seront accolés dans la partie 7 de la fouille. Des points d'élinguage 9 sont prévus de construction sur le caisson les uns 9a pour la manutention, les autres 9b pour pousser le caisson sous la construction.Preferably the dimensions of the box must allow the transport of the box by road in ordinary or exceptional convoy, the height alone remaining constant and between 2.20 and 2.50 meters. The dimensions and weight of the box must allow it to be handled using a crane available on site. Failing this, it is possible to provide part 6 of the excavation with an inclined plane to allow the descent of the box into the excavation. If necessary the basement can be subdivided into several elementary caissons which will be joined in part 7 of the excavation. Slinging points 9 are provided for construction on the box, some 9a for handling, others 9b for pushing the box under construction.

Conformément au procédé les parties 6 et 7 de la fouille ont,dans ce mode de réalisation, chacune des dimensions supérieures aux dimensions du caisson 8. Celui-ci est descendu dans la partie extérieure 6 de la fouille et on déverse dans celle-ci de l'eau 3 jusqu'à ce que le caisson flotte. Le fond de la fouille est, avant la pose de la pellicule de plastique, aplani et réglé avec du sable pour que la hauteur entre le fond de la fouille et la sous face du plancher 10 ou l'aile inférieure de la poutre 2 ne soit que légèrement supérieure à la hauteur hors-tout du caisson. On règle parfaitement l'horizontalité du caisson 8 par exemple par des lests tels que du sable et on règle son niveau par modification du niveau d'eau 3 pour qu'il soit à peine soulevé du fond de la fouille. On pousse alors (figures 2 et 3) le caisson dans la partie 7 de la fouillé soit avec une élingue 11, soit par tout autre moyen. Lorsque le caisson est en place, on pompe l'eau 3 pour faire descendre le caisson sur la feuille d'étanchéité 2 en plastique. La feuille 2 est relevée contre le caisson et on bourre du sable 12 entre ladite feuille et les parois de la fouille.In accordance with the method, the parts 6 and 7 of the excavation have, in this embodiment, each of the dimensions greater than the dimensions of the box 8. The latter is lowered into the external part 6 of the excavation and is poured into the latter of water 3 until the box floats. Before the installation of the plastic film, the bottom of the excavation is leveled and adjusted with sand so that the height between the bottom of the excavation and the underside of the floor 10 or the lower wing of the beam 2 is not only slightly greater than the overall height of the box. The horizontality of the box 8 is perfectly adjusted, for example by ballasts such as sand, and its level is adjusted by modifying the water level 3 so that it is barely lifted from the bottom of the excavation. Then pushes (Figures 2 and 3) the box in the part 7 of the excavated either with a sling 11, or by any other means. When the box is in place, water 3 is pumped to lower the box onto the plastic sealing sheet 2. Sheet 2 is raised against the box and sand 12 is stuffed between said sheet and the walls of the excavation.

Les travaux de finition comportent la reprise en sous-oeuvre du plancher 10 par exemple par injection de béton entre un coffrage prenant appui sur le caisson et le dessous du plancher existant, la reprise du mur de façade sur la paroi du sous-sol, l'aménagement d'une trémie d'escalier intérieur et la pose de l'escalier 13. Si le sous-sol est destiné à servir de garage, la paroi du caisson qui vient en façade peut être constituée par une paroi en palplanche avec étanchéité par une feuille en plastique enveloppant la partie basse du caisson, ladite paroi étant retirée après mise en place et la partie 6 de la fouille étant aménagée en descente. Dans le cas contraire la partie 6 est rebouchée.The finishing works include the recovery of the underlayment of the floor 10, for example by injection of concrete between a formwork bearing on the box and the underside of the existing floor, the recovery of the front wall on the basement wall, the installation of an internal staircase hopper and the installation of the staircase 13. If the basement is intended to serve as a garage, the wall of the box which comes in front can be constituted by a sheet pile wall with waterproofing by a plastic sheet wrapping the lower part of the box, said wall being removed after installation and part 6 of the excavation being arranged downhill. Otherwise part 6 is filled.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 5 à 12, les éléments préfabriqués ne sont plus constitués par un caisson ou des éléments de caisson mais par des éléments de murs 14 qui sont creux et peuvent constituer des coffrages remplis après mise en place. Dans l'exemple représenté, chaque élément est constitué par deux plaques 15 par exemple de 5cm d'épaisseur réunies à leurs bases par une semelle 16. L'élément peut être réalisé en béton ferraillé avec un treillis 17 assurant l'écartement des plaques. Pour assurer la flottabilité des éléments qui avec une hauteur de 2m40 peuvent peser jusqu'à 600kg au mètre linéaire, l'espacement entre les faces en regard des plaques 15 est au minimum de 17cm, ce qui donne un tirant d'eau d'environ 2m20. L'étanchéité des faces terminales peut être assurée par un voile de béton ou par une planche amovible et l'élément peut être enveloppé dans une feuille plastique étanche 18.In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 12, the prefabricated elements are no longer constituted by a box or box elements but by wall elements 14 which are hollow and can constitute formworks filled after installation. In the example shown, each element consists of two plates 15 for example 5 cm thick joined at their bases by a sole 16. The element can be made of reinforced concrete with a trellis 17 ensuring the spacing of the plates. To ensure the buoyancy of the elements which with a height of 2m40 can weigh up to 600kg per linear meter, the spacing between the opposite faces of the plates 15 is at least 17cm, which gives a draft of approximately 2m20. The sealing of the end faces can be ensured by a concrete veil or by a removable board and the element can be wrapped in a waterproof plastic sheet 18.

La réalisation du sous-sol s'effectue de préférence en plusieurs phases pour réduire la durée de non étaiement. Les figures 9 et 10 illustrent une réalisation en deux phases, mais le chantier peut être subdivisé en un plus grand nombre de phases si la nature des terres l'exige. On réalise une fouille extérieure 6a qui est supérieure aux dimensions d'un élément et on creuse en sous-sol une première partie 7a de la fouille sous la construction, on recouvre les parois de la fouille avec une feuille étanche 2 qui a une surface suffisante pour garnir l'ensemble de la fouille, la surface excédentaire étant stockée en-2a. On coule à l'emplacement des murs une semelle 19 qui réglera la position définitive des éléments. La fouille 6a-7a est alors remplie d'eau et on met en flottation dans la partie 6a un premier élément 14 qui est poussé et guidé en place puis descendu sur la semelle 19 en abaissant légèrement le niveau de l'eau dans la fouille ou en le lestant par exemple par coulée d'un petit volume de béton. Le halage et le guidage en place de l'élément peuvent se faire de nombreuses façons. Pour éviter d'avoir à travailler sous un tirant d'air réduit, on peut ancrer dans les parois de la fouille ou sous le plancher des pitons avec des poulies de renvoi 20 sur lesquelles passent des cables de traction 21 qui sont tirés depuis l'extérieur. Des cales de fin de course 22 peuvent également être prévues pour assurer, le réglage automatique de l'élément sur la semelle 19. L'élément flottant librement les forces nécessaires au déplacement sont de toute évidence très faibles.The construction of the basement is preferably carried out in several phases to reduce the duration of non-shoring. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate an implementation in two phases, but the site can be subdivided into a larger number of phases if the nature of the land requires it. An external excavation 6a is carried out which is greater than the dimensions of an element and a first part 7a of the excavation is excavated underground, under construction, the walls of the excavation are covered with a waterproof sheet 2 which has a sufficient surface. to fill the entire excavation, the excess surface being stored in-2a. Is poured at the location of the walls a sole 19 which will adjust the final position of the elements. The excavation 6a-7a is then filled with water and a first element 14 is floated in the part 6a which is pushed and guided in place then lowered onto the sole 19 by slightly lowering the level of the water in the excavation or by ballasting it for example by pouring a small volume of concrete. Hauling and guiding the element in place can be done in many ways. To avoid having to work under a reduced air draft, one can anchor in the walls of the excavation or under the floor of the pitons with return pulleys 20 over which pass traction cables 21 which are pulled from the outside. End of travel shims 22 can also be provided to ensure the automatic adjustment of the element on the sole 19. The element floating freely the forces necessary for movement are obviously very low.

Une fois les éléments 14 de la première phase mis en place, la fouille peut être asséchée et des étançons 23 placés entre les éléments se faisant face pour assurer l'étaiement. La fouille 7 est alors achevée, la réserve de feuille 2a déployée pour garnir la surface de la fouille et on poursuit la mise en place des autres éléments de la même manière.Once the elements 14 of the first phase are in place, the excavation can be drained and props 23 placed between the elements facing each other to provide shoring. The excavation 7 is then completed, the sheet reserve 2a deployed to garnish the surface of the excavation and the establishment of the other elements is continued in the same manner.

La finition du sous-sol peut s'effectuer comme dans le cas d'un caisson, le bourrage de sable 12 étant plus facilement effectué entre la feuille 2 et les éléments 14 en injectant le sable à partir de la fouille 6a et en le transportant par un courant d'eau créé par pompage en un point opposé de la fouille.Finishing the sub - soil can be carried out as in the case of a box, the tamping sand 12 is more easily carried out between the sheet 2 and the elements 14 by injecting the sand from the excavation 6a and the carrying by a current of water created by pumping at a point opposite the excavation.

La reprise en sous-oeuvre du plancher de la construction peut s'effectuer en mettant en appui sur les bords supérieurs des éléments 14 des poutres plates 24 (figure 7) qui peuvent présenter des ailes d'appui 25 et en injectant du béton entre ces poutres formant coffrage et le plancher de la construction. Ces poutres peuvent être mises en place en utilisant des moyens de manutention usuels circulant dans le sous-sol asséché mais il est possible, comme illustré dans la figure 11,d'utiliser. un flotteur 26 qui porte, par des étançons 27, la poutre 24. En modifiant la flottabilité de ce flotteur, on peut glisser la poutre 24 entre le plancher 1 et le faîte des éléments 14. Ce mode de mise en place peut s'avérer particulièrement intéressant dans le cas où une ouverture subsiste au droit de la fouille 6a. Il est possible en jouant sur la flottabilité du flotteur 26 ou sur le niveau de l'eau dans le sous-sol de mettre en pression la poutre 24 contre le plancher pour reprendre les charges et d'effectuer le calage entre les ailes 25 et la surface supérieure des murs coulés dans les éléments 14.The recovery of the construction floor under construction can be carried out by pressing on the upper edges of the elements 14 of the flat beams 24 (FIG. 7) which may have support wings 25 and by injecting concrete between these beams forming formwork and the construction floor. These beams can be put in place using usual handling means circulating in the dry basement but it is possible, as illustrated in Figure 11, to use. a float 26 which carries, by props 27, the beam 24. By modifying the buoyancy of this float, the beam 24 can be slid between the floor 1 and the ridge of the elements 14. This method of installation can prove to be particularly interesting in the case where an opening remains at the right of the excavation 6a. It is possible by playing on the buoyancy of the float 26 or on the level of the water in the basement to pressurize the beam 24 against the floor to take up the loads and to perform the wedging between the wings 25 and the upper surface of walls cast in elements 14.

Pour réduire le tirant d'air et le tirant d'eau des éléments 14, il est possible de procéder comme illustré à la figure 12. On associe à l'élément 14 par une ferrure 28, un flotteur 29 qui comporte deux chambres, l'une inférieure 30 remplie d'air et l'autre supérieure 31 qui peut être ballastée. L'ensemble élément flotteur est alors soumis à un système de forces qui comporte essentiellement le poids P de l'élément, la poussée d'Archimède F de la partie immergée de l'élément, la poussée d'Archimède f de la partie immergée du flotteur 29 et le poids p du lest, en pratique de l'eau qui se trouve dans le compartiment 31. On a l'égalité F + f = P + p et l'égalité des couples assurés sur l'ensemble par les quatre forces. La valeur et le point d'application de P étant fixés, si l'on augmente p, F et f vont croître et se déplacer légèrement vers le point d'application de p mais le couple va surtout croître en faveur de p et l'élément 14 va se coucher encore plus par rapport à la position représentée. Si au contraire on réduit p, l'ensemble va se redresser progressivement, la verticalité pouvant être atteinte en lestant la partie basse de l'élément 14.To reduce the draft and the draft of the elements 14, it is possible to proceed as illustrated in FIG. 12. The element 14 is associated with a fitting 28, a float 29 which has two chambers, l 'a lower 30 filled with air and the other upper 31 which can be ballasted. The whole float element is then subjected to a system of forces which essentially comprises the weight P of the element, the buoyancy of Archimedes F of the submerged part of the element, the buoyancy of Archimedes f of the submerged part of the float 29 and the weight p of the ballast, in practice of the water which is in the compartment 31. We have the equality F + f = P + p and the equality of the couples ensured on the whole by the four forces . The value and the point of application of P being fixed, if we increase p, F and f will increase and move slightly towards the point of application of p but the couple will especially increase in favor of p and l element 14 will lie down even more compared to the position shown. If, on the contrary, p is reduced, the assembly will gradually recover, the verticality being attainable by ballasting the lower part of the element 14.

Claims (10)

1. Un procède de réalisation d'un sous-sol sous une construction existante, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments préfabriqués.(8-14) présentent par eux-mêmes ou sont dotés par adjonction temporaire d'éléménts (29) d'une flottabilité positive, en ce que l'on creuse une fouille (6-7) s'étendant à l'extérieur de la construction et sous celle-ci en englobant au moins l'emplacement prévu pour l'élément préfabriqué entrant dans la réalisation du sous-sol, le volume de cette fouille (6) à l'extérieur de la construction (1) ayant un volume tel qu'il puisse loger l'élément préfabriqué et la section de la partie de liaison entre la partie extérieure de la fouille et l'emplacement de l'élémént préfabriqué autorisant le passage de cet élément ; en ce que l'on étanche éventuellement cette fouille et la met en eau (3) jusqu'à un niveau suffisant pour faire flotter l'élément préfabriqué descendu dans la partie extérieure (6) de la fouille; amène l'élément préfabriqué à l'état flottant de la partie extérieure de la fouille à son emplacement sous la construction et règle son niveau par modification de son niveau de flottaison.1. A method of producing a basement under an existing construction, characterized in that the prefabricated element or elements (8-14) have by themselves or are provided by temporary addition of elements (29) d '' a positive buoyancy, in that one digs a dig (6-7) extending outside of the construction and under it, including at least the space provided for the prefabricated element entering the realization of the basement, the volume of this excavation (6) outside the construction (1) having a volume such that it can accommodate the prefabricated element and the section of the connecting part between the external part of the excavation and the location of the prefabricated element authorizing the passage of this element; that this excavation is optionally sealed and puts it in water (3) to a level sufficient to float the prefabricated element lowered into the external part (6) of the excavation; brings the prefabricated element in the floating state of the external part of the excavation to its location under the construction and adjusts its level by modifying its buoyancy level. 2. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément préfabriqué est constitué par un caisson monolithique (8) formant la totalité du sous-sol a réaliser.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated element consists of a monolithic box (8) forming the entire basement to be produced. 3. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments préfabriqués sont constitués par des caissons correspondant aux diverses pièces constituant le sous-sol à réaliser ou aux diverses parties en lesquelles ledit sous-sol peut être subdivisé sous forme de caissons étanches.3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated elements consist of boxes corresponding to the various rooms constituting the basement to be produced or to the various parts in which said basement can be subdivided in the form of watertight boxes . 4. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments préfabriqués constituent des éléments de murs porteurs creux (14).4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated elements constitute hollow load-bearing wall elements (14). 5. Un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures et orifices des éléments préfabriqués sont obstrués par une paroi amovible, l'étanchéité à l'eau de l'élément étant assurée par une feuille plastique d'enveloppement (18).5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the openings and orifices of the prefabricated elements are obstructed by a removable wall, the watertightness of the element being ensured by a plastic wrapping sheet (18). 6. Un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5,
caractérisé en ce que le réglage du niveau de l'élément préfabriqué (8-14) est effectué par modification du niveau de l'eau dans la fouille.6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the level of the prefabricated element (8-14) is adjusted by modifying the level of the water in the excavation. 7. Un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5,
caractérisé en ce que le réglage du niveau de l'élément préfabriqué (8-14) est effectué par modification de la flottabilité propre de l'élément par introduction dans celui-ci ou enlèvement d'un lest tel que du sable ou de l'eau.7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the adjustment of the level of the prefabricated element (8-14) is effected by modifying the inherent buoyancy of the element by introduction into it or removal of a ballast such as sand or water. 8. Un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments préfabriqués sont descendus en appui par abaissement de leur niveau de flottabilité sur des éléments d'appui (19) réalisés au préalable sur le fond de fouille et en ce que l'on cale sur leur sommet des poutres ou hourdis (24).8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the prefabricated element or elements are lowered in support by lowering their buoyancy level on support elements (19) made beforehand on the excavation bottom and in that the beams are wedged on their top or slabs (24). 9. Un procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les poutres ou hourdis (24) sont amenés en position et mis en appui sous le plancher de la construction existante (1) par des flotteurs (26).9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the beams or slabs (24) are brought into position and supported under the floor of the existing construction (1) by floats (26). 10. Un procédé selon la revendication 4,
caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise des flotteurs stabilisateurs latéraux 29 pour, par réglage de leur flottabilité propre et/ou de celle de l'élément, incliner l'élément (14) pour régler sa verticalité ou pour assurer une réduction de son tirant d'eau et/ou de son tirant d'air.10. A method according to claim 4,
characterized in that lateral stabilizing floats 29 are used to, by adjusting their own buoyancy and / or that of the element, tilt the element (14) to adjust its verticality or to ensure a reduction in its draft of water and / or its draft.
EP84401033A 1983-02-24 1984-05-18 Method of realizing a basement underneath an existing structure Ceased EP0165355A1 (en)

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FR2541704B1 (en) * 1983-02-24 1985-07-19 Deshais Marc PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A PREFABRICATED BASEMENT
FR2574443A1 (en) * 1984-12-10 1986-06-13 Salomon Valerie Method for constructing a waterproof cellar and cellar obtained by the implementation of the method
FR2576340B1 (en) * 1985-01-18 1987-04-24 Fel Jean Louis PROCESS FOR CONSTRUCTING CAVITIES BELOW EXISTING PREMISES, AS WELL AS MEANS AND MATERIAL FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS
FR2603925B1 (en) * 1986-09-16 1988-11-10 Wibaut Jean Claude PROCESS FOR WATERPROOFING CELLARS AND BASEMENT
FR2617217B1 (en) * 1987-06-23 1990-06-29 Berteaux Alain UNDERGROUND CONCRETE
FR2668525B1 (en) * 1990-10-30 1993-01-15 Harnois Georges PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION IN THE BASEMENT OF AN ADDITIONAL PREMISES.
BE1010670A5 (en) * 1996-10-08 1998-11-03 Joel Henri Doolaeghe Method for manufacturing a prefabricated cellar and the cellar itself
DE10256421B4 (en) * 2002-12-02 2006-04-27 Tief- und Baugeräte GmbH & Co.KG Method and apparatus for making a tunnel or trough

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FR2880902A1 (en) * 2005-01-17 2006-07-21 Marc Deshais Construction module for dwelling, has inner enclosure constituted of metal plates forming metal case including part projecting relative to frontage of dwelling, where enclosure has stiffeners which are sunk in concrete casted around case

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FR2541704B1 (en) 1985-07-19

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