EP0185065B1 - Method for making a rigid slab able to support a building - Google Patents

Method for making a rigid slab able to support a building Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0185065B1
EP0185065B1 EP85903002A EP85903002A EP0185065B1 EP 0185065 B1 EP0185065 B1 EP 0185065B1 EP 85903002 A EP85903002 A EP 85903002A EP 85903002 A EP85903002 A EP 85903002A EP 0185065 B1 EP0185065 B1 EP 0185065B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floor
coffering
elements
recoverable
slab
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EP85903002A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0185065A1 (en
Inventor
Max Brami
Pierre Mazarguil
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT85903002T priority Critical patent/ATE46735T1/en
Publication of EP0185065A1 publication Critical patent/EP0185065A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E02D27/02—Flat foundations without substantial excavation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements

Definitions

  • the construction of a construction without basement, and in particular of individual houses without basement, is generally carried out on perimeter walls founded on good soil, or at least at the regulatory depth frost-free, with pouring between these walls a non-load-bearing concrete slab.
  • a more advantageous solution in terms of insulation, both in cold and in humidity, consists in creating a crawl space, that is to say in making a carrier slab independent of the ground and resting on the perimeter walls. This solution is of course more expensive than the previous one, since it requires mounting perimeter walls of greater height.
  • Document FR-A-2 505 906 discloses a process for producing a heat-insulating floor of the type comprising a concrete slab on the median. According to this process, large insulating plastic plates forming the segments are placed on the ground at regular intervals, the segments are covered with a plastic film which follows their contours and extends over the ground in the intervals between the segments, and is poured. the reinforced concrete slab on the segments and between them on the insulating film.
  • the invention for the realization of a rigid foundation slab allowing to carry a costruction consists in carrying out specific foundations established at least on the periphery of the slab to be produced, in proceeding with the preparation of a planar soil and leveled at the level of said point foundations, to place on the ground thus prepared formwork cheeks recoverable in the periphery of the slab to be produced, to have in the center of the rows of lost formwork elements leaving spaces intended to form the ribs of the slab with possibly connecting members of said formwork elements lost between them, to be arranged between the rows of formwork elements for sealing, insulation and spacing of the bottoms of beams and ribs with profiled U, these said elements defining the width of the beams and comprising insulation on the underside, to carry out the reinforcement of the periphery and rib beams, to arrange a tr reinforcement mesh of the slab on the upper face of the lost formwork elements, then pour concrete on the assembly thus produced.
  • the process makes it possible to reserve, in the core of the beams and periphery beams, regular crossings for the ventilation of the underside of the slab, or possibly for the passage of pipes which would have been forgotten before pouring.
  • the point foundations are constituted by wells concreted to the regulatory depth or on the resistant layers of the ground, or by micro-piles and it is understood that, provided that they were provided at a sufficient level, the process according to The invention enables a basement to be made later, without reworking the building under construction and therefore very inexpensively, should it one day be desirable.
  • the apparatus for implementing the method, for which protection according to the EPC is not sought comprises lost formwork elements made of a light and resistant material.
  • lost formwork elements may for example be constituted by blocks of foam made of expanded plastic, or cardboard boxes reinforced by a cellular network.
  • Cardboard boxes have the advantage of being able to be delivered flat and to be set up on site, without the need for special tools, with reinforcing braces.
  • the lost formwork elements have the ability to nest end to end by means of special elements, called connecting elements, so as to achieve a rib continuity. These special elements can form a formwork for a transverse intermediate beam reinforcing the rigidity of the slab.
  • the formwork elements could be square so as to constitute a “honeycomb” slab if the conditions of use or load required it.
  • connection elements may include reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.
  • the rigidity of the slab is obtained by the height of the ribs, achieved economically thanks to the low cost of lost formwork.
  • the lost formwork elements can receive devices ensuring the spacing of the reinforcing mesh from the slab.
  • these spacers can be adapted to one or more layers of trellis.
  • the ribs in the case of uneven or rocky soils, can be leveled at the highest point.
  • the point foundations themselves being leveled off at this level the external perimeter formwork is then produced in two parts, the first being leveled off at the bottom of the slab and the foundations, to thus define an irregular volume that the we can temporarily fill with sand or with a pulverulent material, support of the slab bottom and lost formwork, and a second part formed by extensions of the thickness of the ribs increased by that of the compression slab, allowing the pouring of the slab. After drying and stripping, the sand is removed naturally.
  • the slab and the support structure in a single pour.
  • a foundation slab with beams support of a height greater than that of the slab is carried out in the ground, after leveling the ground and before placing the formwork elements of the slab, excavations for the housing of the support beams of the slab, we place in each excavation a formwork element lost in cardboard, we backfill between the excavation and the lost formwork and we fold on the ground the part of the lost formwork exceeding the buried level of the beam, so that after placement of the external formwork elements and internal constituent elements of the slab the slab and the beams are poured in a single operation.
  • the formwork can be made with any rigid and light surface such as cardboard, wood fiber, plastic or other.
  • the choice of formwork material must be made according to the nature of the soil. The more the soil can be cut cleanly at a level very close to the beam or sill to be formed (and the less then there is backfill), the lighter the formwork can be. On the other hand, the more powdery the soil, the wider the excavation and the backfill, and the more rigid the material and the greater the number of shims or spacers.
  • the formwork can receive a seal internally which will prevent possible infiltration by under pressure, thus allowing the realization of a sealed casing.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in 1 concrete wells constituting foundations sinking to the resistant layers of the soil. Although only two wells 1 are visible in the figure, it will be understood that there is a well at each corner of the slab to be made. Between the wells 1, the ground 2 is leveled and leveled at the level of the point foundations formed by the wells 1.
  • the lost formwork elements are constituted by cardboard boxes which can be delivered flat and placed in volume on the site, with reinforcing braces, without the need for any particular tool.
  • connecting elements 6 could include reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.
  • spacer elements 7 which define the width of the beams.
  • the spacing elements 7 are made of baryta cardboard, serving as a seal against capillary increases through the ribs, and have a U-shaped profile.
  • the elements 7 have an insulator 8, for example polystyrene, on the underside and may have spacers (not shown in the drawing) for the reinforcement of the beams.
  • Crossing reservations 9 are provided in the spacer elements 7.
  • spacer members 10 constituted by pieces of cardboard serving to separate the formwork 5 from the mesh 11 of reinforcement of the slab 3.
  • concrete is poured, which is preferably done at the pump. After drying, only the formwork cheeks 4 are recoverable.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 there is shown a variant of the method according to the invention, for the production of a slab comprising support beams of a height greater than that of the slab and intended to be partially embedded in floor.
  • FIG. 21 the surface of the ground which has been leveled
  • FIG. 22 a dig intended to accommodate a beam and on the well-leveled bottom 23 from which the structure 24 is put in place, constituting the frame of the beam , covered with a lost formwork 25.
  • the structure 24 is constituted by a wire mesh, and the lost formwork 25 consists of a sheet of cardboard in the shape of a U.
  • the spacers 26 of the mesh of the frame 24 are advantageously fixed to the formwork 25, so that it can easily be put in place at the same time as the trellis.

Abstract

According to the method, ponctual foundations (1) are built, the ground (2) is evened and levelled to the level of said foundations, recoverable peripheral formworks (4) are provided on the ground, and continuous rows of waste formworks (5) defining the ribs are provided at the centre. The formwork rows are spaced apart by elements (7) made of baryta-containing cardboard providing for the sealing and insulation. On the upper face of the waste formworks (5) there are arranged means (10) for the spacing of the reinforcement lattice (11) of the slab. Concrete is then cast by pumping and, after the slab is dried, only the peripheral formworks (4) are recovered. The method is applicable to the construction of buildings without basement, particularly of individual houses.

Description

L'édification d'une construction sans sous-sol, et en particulier de maisons individuelles sans sous-sol, est généralement réalisée sur des murs périmétriques fondés au bon sol, ou au moins à la profondeur réglementaire hors gel, avec coulage entre ces murs d'une dalle en béton non porteuse. Une solution plus intéressante sur le plan de l'isolation, tant au froid qu'à l'humidité, consiste à réaliser un vide sanitaire c'est-à-dire à réaliser une dalle porteuse indépendante du sol et reposant sur les murs périmétriques. Cette solution est bien sûr plus onéreuse que la précédente, puisqu'elle oblige à monter des murs périmétriques de plus grande hauteur.The construction of a construction without basement, and in particular of individual houses without basement, is generally carried out on perimeter walls founded on good soil, or at least at the regulatory depth frost-free, with pouring between these walls a non-load-bearing concrete slab. A more advantageous solution in terms of insulation, both in cold and in humidity, consists in creating a crawl space, that is to say in making a carrier slab independent of the ground and resting on the perimeter walls. This solution is of course more expensive than the previous one, since it requires mounting perimeter walls of greater height.

Par le document FR-A-2 505 906 on connaît un procédé de réalisation d'un plancher isolant thermo- porteur du type comportant une dalle de béton sur terre-plein. Selon ce procédé on dispose sur la terre à intervalles réguliers de grandes plaques isolantes en matière plastique formant voussoirs, on recouvre les voussoirs par un film plastique qui épouse leurs contours et s'étend sur le sol dans les intervalles entre le voussoirs, et on coule la dalle de béton armé sur les voussoirs et entre ceux-ci sur le film isolant.Document FR-A-2 505 906 discloses a process for producing a heat-insulating floor of the type comprising a concrete slab on the median. According to this process, large insulating plastic plates forming the segments are placed on the ground at regular intervals, the segments are covered with a plastic film which follows their contours and extends over the ground in the intervals between the segments, and is poured. the reinforced concrete slab on the segments and between them on the insulating film.

Le procédé solon l'invention pour la réalisation d'une dalle de fondation rigide permettant de porter une costruction, consiste à réaliser des fondations ponctuelles implantées au moins à la périphérie de la dalle à réaliser, à procéder à la préparation d'un sol plan et nivelé au niveau desdites fondations ponctuelles, à disposer sur le sol ainsi préparé des joues de coffrage récupérables en pépriphérie de la dalle à réaliser, à disposer au centre des rangées d'éléments de coffrage perdu en laissant des espaces destinés à former les nervures de la dalle avec éventuellement des organes de raccordement des dits éléments de coffrage perdu entre eux, à disposer entre les rangées d'éléments de coffrage des éléments d'étanchéité, d'isolation et d'écartement des fonds de poutrelles et de nervures à profil en U, ces dits éléments définissant la largeur des poutrelles et comportant une isolation en sous face, à procéder au ferraillage des poutrelles de périphérie et de nervure, à disposer un treillis d'armature de la dalle sur la face supérieure des éléments de coffrage perdu, puis à couler du béton sur l'ensemble ainsi réalisé.The solon method the invention for the realization of a rigid foundation slab allowing to carry a costruction, consists in carrying out specific foundations established at least on the periphery of the slab to be produced, in proceeding with the preparation of a planar soil and leveled at the level of said point foundations, to place on the ground thus prepared formwork cheeks recoverable in the periphery of the slab to be produced, to have in the center of the rows of lost formwork elements leaving spaces intended to form the ribs of the slab with possibly connecting members of said formwork elements lost between them, to be arranged between the rows of formwork elements for sealing, insulation and spacing of the bottoms of beams and ribs with profiled U, these said elements defining the width of the beams and comprising insulation on the underside, to carry out the reinforcement of the periphery and rib beams, to arrange a tr reinforcement mesh of the slab on the upper face of the lost formwork elements, then pour concrete on the assembly thus produced.

Le procédé permet de réserver, dans l'âme des poutrelles et poutres de périphérie, des traversées régulières pour la ventilation du dessous de la dalle, ou éventuellement pour le passage de canalisations qui auraient été oubliées avant le coulage.The process makes it possible to reserve, in the core of the beams and periphery beams, regular crossings for the ventilation of the underside of the slab, or possibly for the passage of pipes which would have been forgotten before pouring.

Les fondations ponctuelles sont constituées par des puits bétonnés à la profondeur réglementaire ou sur les couches résistantes du sol, ou par des micro- pieux et on comprend que, sous réserve qu'elles aient été prévues à un niveau suffisant, le procédé selon l'invention permet de réaliser ultérieurement, sans reprise en sous-oeuvre du bâtiment et donc à très peu de frais, un sous-sol si celui-ci s'avère un jour souhaitable.The point foundations are constituted by wells concreted to the regulatory depth or on the resistant layers of the ground, or by micro-piles and it is understood that, provided that they were provided at a sufficient level, the process according to The invention enables a basement to be made later, without reworking the building under construction and therefore very inexpensively, should it one day be desirable.

L'appareillage pour la mise-en-oeuvre du procédé, pour lequel une protection selon la CBE n'est pas recherchée, comprend des éléments de coffrage perdu réalisés en un matériau léger et résistant. Ces éléments de coffrage perdu peuvent par exemple être constitiués par des blocs de mousse en matière plastique expansée, ou des caissons de carton renforcés par un réseau alvéolaire. Les caissons en carton présentent l'avantage de pouvoir être livrés à plat et d'être mis en volume sur le chantier, sans nécessité d'outillage particulier, avec croisillons de renforcement.The apparatus for implementing the method, for which protection according to the EPC is not sought, comprises lost formwork elements made of a light and resistant material. These lost formwork elements may for example be constituted by blocks of foam made of expanded plastic, or cardboard boxes reinforced by a cellular network. Cardboard boxes have the advantage of being able to be delivered flat and to be set up on site, without the need for special tools, with reinforcing braces.

Les éléments de coffrage perdu ont la faculté de s'emboîter bout à bout au moyen d'éléments spéciaux, dits éléments de raccordement, de façon à réaliser une continuité de nervure. Ces éléments spéciaux peuvent former un coffrage pour une poutre intermédiaire transversale renforçant la rigidité de la dalle. Par extension de cette idée, les éléments de coffrage pourraient être carrés de façon à constituer une dalle «nid d'abeilles» si les conditions d'utilisation ou de charge l'exigaient.The lost formwork elements have the ability to nest end to end by means of special elements, called connecting elements, so as to achieve a rib continuity. These special elements can form a formwork for a transverse intermediate beam reinforcing the rigidity of the slab. By extension of this idea, the formwork elements could be square so as to constitute a “honeycomb” slab if the conditions of use or load required it.

Les éléments de raccordement peuvent comporter des réservations servant de traversées perpendiculaires aux nervures.The connection elements may include reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.

La rigidité de la dalle est obtenue par la hauteur des nervures, réalisée économiquement grâce au faible coût des coffrages perdus.The rigidity of the slab is obtained by the height of the ribs, achieved economically thanks to the low cost of lost formwork.

Sur leur partie supérieure, les éléments de coffrage perdu peuvent recevoir des dispositifs assurant l'écartement du treillis d'armature de la dalle. En fonction de la nature de la dalle à réaliser, ces écarteurs peuvent s'adapter à une ou plusieurs nappes de treillis.On their upper part, the lost formwork elements can receive devices ensuring the spacing of the reinforcing mesh from the slab. Depending on the nature of the slab to be produced, these spacers can be adapted to one or more layers of trellis.

Entre les fondations ponctuelles et la dalle rigide, on peut avantageusement disposer un matériau résilient qui confère un caractère anti-sismique à la construction.Between the point foundations and the rigid slab, it is advantageous to have a resilient material which gives an anti-seismic character to the construction.

Selon l'invention, dans le cas de sols inégaux ou rocheux, les fonds de nervure peuvent être arasés au niveau du point le plus haut. A cet effet, les fondations ponctuelles étant elles-mêmes arasées à ce niveau, les coffrages périmétriques extérieurs sont alors réalisés en deux parties, une première étant arasée au niveau du fond de dalle et des fondations, pour définir ainsi un volume irrégulier que l'on pourra combler provisoirement par du sable ou par un matériau pulvérulent, support du fond de dalle et des coffrages perdus, et une seconde partie formée par des rehausses de l'épaisseur des nervures augmentée de celle de la dalle de compression, permettant le coulage de la dalle. Après séchage de celle-ci et décoffrage, le sable s'élimine naturellement.According to the invention, in the case of uneven or rocky soils, the ribs can be leveled at the highest point. To this end, the point foundations themselves being leveled off at this level, the external perimeter formwork is then produced in two parts, the first being leveled off at the bottom of the slab and the foundations, to thus define an irregular volume that the we can temporarily fill with sand or with a pulverulent material, support of the slab bottom and lost formwork, and a second part formed by extensions of the thickness of the ribs increased by that of the compression slab, allowing the pouring of the slab. After drying and stripping, the sand is removed naturally.

Le procédé selon l'invention est particulièrement utilisable lorsque, lors du coulage de la dalle sur terre-plein, l'étude de la structure d'appui de la dalle nécessite la réalisation de poutres ou de longrines d'une hauteur supérieure à l'épaisseur de la dalle Jusqu'à présent, une telle réalisation supposait:

  • - une surprofondeur des terrassements, permettant la mise en place des coffrages latéraux;
  • - le coffrage et le coulage de la structure:
  • - le décoffrage et le remblayage au niveau bas de la dalle;
  • - le coulage de la dalle.
The method according to the invention is particularly usable when, during the pouring of the slab on a median, the study of the support structure of the slab requires the production of beams or beams of a height greater than the thickness of the slab Until now, such an achievement assumed:
  • - an over depth of earthworks, allowing the installation of lateral formwork;
  • - the formwork and the pouring of the structure:
  • - formwork and backfilling at the low level of the slab;
  • - pouring the slab.

Selon une extension du procédé selon l'invention. il est possible de réaliser la dalle et la structure d'appui en un seul coulage. A cet effet. pour l'obtention d'une dalle de fondation comportant des poutres d'appui d'une hauteur supérieure à celle de la dalle on réalise dans le sol, après nivelage du sol et avant mise en place des éléments de coffrage de la dalle, des fouilles pour le logement des poutres d'appui de la dalle, on dispose dans chaque fouille un élément de coffrage perdu en carton, on remblaie entre la fouille et le coffrage perdu et on replie sur le terrain la partie du coffrage perdu excédant le niveau enterré de la poutre, de façon qu'après mise en place des éléments de coffrage extérieurs et des éléments constitutifs internes de la dalle on procède en une seule opération au coulage de la dalle et des poutres.According to an extension of the method according to the invention. it is possible to make the slab and the support structure in a single pour. For this purpose. to obtain a foundation slab with beams support of a height greater than that of the slab is carried out in the ground, after leveling the ground and before placing the formwork elements of the slab, excavations for the housing of the support beams of the slab, we place in each excavation a formwork element lost in cardboard, we backfill between the excavation and the lost formwork and we fold on the ground the part of the lost formwork exceeding the buried level of the beam, so that after placement of the external formwork elements and internal constituent elements of the slab the slab and the beams are poured in a single operation.

Les coffrages perdus entourant l'armature des poutres ou longrines utilisés selon le procédé de l'invention, ont pour objet:

  • - de donner à la partie enterrée des poutres ou longrines un état de surface propre;
  • - de retenir les terres de remblaiement à bonne distance des aciers grâce à la présence des cales;
  • - de faire en sorte que la pression du béton au coulage s'exerce sur la terre de remblaiement.
The lost formwork surrounding the reinforcement of beams or beams used according to the method of the invention, has for its object:
  • - to give the buried part of beams or beams a clean surface condition;
  • - to retain backfill soil at a good distance from the steels thanks to the presence of wedges;
  • - to ensure that the pressure of the concrete pouring is exerted on the backfill.

Le coffrage peut être réalisé avec toute surface rigide et légère telle que carton, fibre de bois, matière plastique ou autre. Le choix du matériau de coffrage devra se faire en fonction de la nature du sol. Plus le sol peut être taillé proprement à une cote très proche de la poutre ou longrine à former (et moins alors il y a de remblai), plus le coffrage peut être léger. Par contre, plus le sol est pulvérulent, plus la fouille est large et il y a du remblai, et plus le matériau doit être rigide et le nombre de cales ou écarteurs grand.The formwork can be made with any rigid and light surface such as cardboard, wood fiber, plastic or other. The choice of formwork material must be made according to the nature of the soil. The more the soil can be cut cleanly at a level very close to the beam or sill to be formed (and the less then there is backfill), the lighter the formwork can be. On the other hand, the more powdery the soil, the wider the excavation and the backfill, and the more rigid the material and the greater the number of shims or spacers.

Avantageusement, le coffrage peut recevoir intérieurement une étanchéité qui empêchera d'éventuelles infiltrations par sous-pression, permettant ainsi la réalisation d'un cuvelage étanche.Advantageously, the formwork can receive a seal internally which will prevent possible infiltration by under pressure, thus allowing the realization of a sealed casing.

Pour bien faire comprendre le procédé selon l'invention ainsi que les moyens nécessaires pour sa mise-en-oeuvre, on en décrira ci-après, à titre d'exemples, deux formes d'exécution préférées en référence au dessin schématique annexé dans lequel:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue perspective, partiellement en coupe verticale, d'une dalle obtenue selon le procédé de la présente invention;
  • - les figures 2 à 4 sont des vues perspectives schématiques montrant les phases successives de la réalisation, selon une variante du procédé de l'invention, d'une partie d'une dalle à poutres d'appui enterrées.
To clearly understand the method according to the invention and the means necessary for its implementation, there will be described below, by way of examples, two preferred embodiments with reference to the appended schematic drawing in which :
  • - Figure 1 is a perspective view, partially in vertical section, of a slab obtained according to the method of the present invention;
  • - Figures 2 to 4 are schematic perspective views showing the successive phases of the realization, according to a variant of the method of the invention, of a part of a slab with buried support beams.

En référence à la figure 1, on a représenté en 1 des puits bétonnés constituant des fondations s'enfonçant jusqu'aux couches résistantes du sol. Bien que seulement deux puits 1 soient visibles sur la figure, on comprendra qu'il y a un puits à chaque angle de la dalle à réaliser. Entre les puits 1, le sol 2 est aplani et nivelé au niveau des fondations ponctuelles constituées par les puits 1.Referring to Figure 1, there is shown in 1 concrete wells constituting foundations sinking to the resistant layers of the soil. Although only two wells 1 are visible in the figure, it will be understood that there is a well at each corner of the slab to be made. Between the wells 1, the ground 2 is leveled and leveled at the level of the point foundations formed by the wells 1.

Sur le sol 2 on dispose, en périphérie de la dalle 3 à réaliser, des joues de coffrage récupérable 4. Au centre, on dispose des éléments de coffrage perdu 5 reliés entre eux par des éléments de raccordement 6 pour assurer la continuité des nervures de la dalle. Dans l'exemple représenté, les éléments de coffrage perdu sont constitués par des caissons en carton livrables à plat et mis en volume sur le chantier, avec croisillons de renforcement, sans nécessité d'outillage particulier.On the ground 2, there are, on the periphery of the slab 3 to be produced, recoverable formwork cheeks 4. In the center, there are lost formwork elements 5 connected together by connection elements 6 to ensure the continuity of the ribs of the slab. In the example shown, the lost formwork elements are constituted by cardboard boxes which can be delivered flat and placed in volume on the site, with reinforcing braces, without the need for any particular tool.

Bien qu'on ne l'ait pas représenté au dessin, les éléments de raccordement 6 pourraient comporter des réservations servant de traversées perpendiculaires aux nervures.Although it has not been shown in the drawing, the connecting elements 6 could include reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.

Entre les rangées de coffrage 5, constituant les nervures de la dalle 3, sont disposés des éléments d'écartement 7 qui définissent la largeur des poutrelles. Les éléments d'écartement 7 sont réalisés en carton baryté, servant d'étanchéité aux remontées capillaires à travers les nervures, et présentent un profil en U. Les éléments 7 comportent en sous face un isolant 8, par exemple du polystyrène, et peuvent présenter des pièces d'écartement (non montrées au dessin) pour le ferraillage des poutrelles. Des réservations de traversée 9 sont prévues dans les éléments d'écartement 7.Between the rows of formwork 5, constituting the ribs of the slab 3, are arranged spacer elements 7 which define the width of the beams. The spacing elements 7 are made of baryta cardboard, serving as a seal against capillary increases through the ribs, and have a U-shaped profile. The elements 7 have an insulator 8, for example polystyrene, on the underside and may have spacers (not shown in the drawing) for the reinforcement of the beams. Crossing reservations 9 are provided in the spacer elements 7.

Sur la face supérieure des éléments de coffrage perdu 5 sont disposés des organes d'écartement 10, constitués par des morceaux de carton servant à séparer le coffrage 5 du treillis 11 d'armature de la dalle 3.On the upper face of the lost formwork elements 5 are arranged spacer members 10, constituted by pieces of cardboard serving to separate the formwork 5 from the mesh 11 of reinforcement of the slab 3.

On procède ensuite à la coulée du béton, qui s'effectue de préférence à la pompe. Après séchage, seules les joues de coffrage 4 sont récupérables.Next, concrete is poured, which is preferably done at the pump. After drying, only the formwork cheeks 4 are recoverable.

On notera qu'on peut avantageusement disposer, entre les fondations ponctuelles 1 et la dalle rigide 3, des éléments 12 d'un matériau résilient conférant à la construction un caractère anti-sismique.Note that it is advantageous to have, between the point foundations 1 and the rigid slab 3, elements 12 of a resilient material giving the construction an anti-seismic character.

En référence aux figures 2 à 4, on a représenté une variante du procédé selon l'invention, pour la réalisation d'une dalle comportant des poutres d'appui d'une hauteur supérieure à celle de la dalle et destinées à être partiellement noyées dans le sol. Sur ces figures on a représenté en 21 la surface du sol qui a été nivelée, en 22 une fouille destinée à accueillir une poutre et sur le fond 23 bien nivelé de laquelle on met en place la structure 24, constituant l'armature de la poutre, habillée d'un coffrage perdu 25. La structure 24 est constituée par un treillis métallique, et le coffrage perdu 25 consiste en une feuille de carton en forme de U. Les écarteurs 26 du treillis de l'armature 24 sont avantageusement fixés au coffrage 25, de façon que celui-ci puisse aisément être mis en place en même temps que le treillis.Referring to Figures 2 to 4, there is shown a variant of the method according to the invention, for the production of a slab comprising support beams of a height greater than that of the slab and intended to be partially embedded in floor. In these figures there is shown at 21 the surface of the ground which has been leveled, at 22 a dig intended to accommodate a beam and on the well-leveled bottom 23 from which the structure 24 is put in place, constituting the frame of the beam , covered with a lost formwork 25. The structure 24 is constituted by a wire mesh, and the lost formwork 25 consists of a sheet of cardboard in the shape of a U. The spacers 26 of the mesh of the frame 24 are advantageously fixed to the formwork 25, so that it can easily be put in place at the same time as the trellis.

Comme représenté à la figure 3, on remblaie avec de la terre 27 ou du sablon entre la fouille 22 et le coffrage 25, ce dernier étant maintenu à la bonne distance de l'armature 24 par les écarteurs 26. On comprend que le volume de remblai nécessaire dépend du terrassement qui a été effectué, lequel est fonction de la nature du sol et de la tenus des terres. Ce terrassement sera prévu le plus proche possible des cotes du coffrage 25 si les terres se tiennent bien. La nature du sol conditionne en conséquence le choix du matériau de coffrage: plus le sol pourra être taillé à une cote très proche de celle de la poutre à réaliser et plus le coffrage pourra être léger, alors que plus le sol sera pulvérulent, plus la fouille sera large et plus le matériau de coffrage devra être rigide.As shown in Figure 3, we backfill with soil 27 or sand between the excavation 22 and the formwork 25, the latter being maintained at the correct distance from the frame 24 by the spacers 26. It is understood that the volume of the backfill required depends on the earthwork that has been carried out, which depends on the nature of the soil and the condition of the land. This earthwork will be planned as close as possible to the dimensions of the formwork 25 if the soil stands well. The nature of the soil therefore conditions the choice of formwork material: the more the soil can be cut to a dimension very close to that of the beam to be produced and the lighter the formwork can be, while the more powdery the soil, the more the excavation will be wide and the more rigid the formwork material should be.

Après remblaiement (figure 3), la partie du coffrage 25 excédant le niveau enterré de la poutre est repliée sur le terrain 21, et à cet effet les côtés verticaux du coffrage 25 présentent une pré-découpe 28 ménagée au niveau du dallage à couler. Après mise en place des éléments d'armature et des éléments de coffrage latéraux (non représentés au dessin) ainsi que des éléments de coffrage perdu 30 (représentés à la figure 4), conformément au procédé selon l'invention décrit à la figure 1, on procède alors au coulage du béton 29 pour réaliser en une seule fois la poutre et la dalle, la pression du béton au coulage s'exerçant sur la terre de reblaiement.After backfilling (Figure 3), the part of the formwork 25 exceeding the buried level of the beam is folded over the ground 21, and for this purpose the vertical sides of the formwork 25 have a pre-cut 28 formed at the level of the paving to be poured. After the reinforcement elements and lateral formwork elements (not shown in the drawing) as well as lost formwork elements 30 (represented in FIG. 4) have been put in place, in accordance with the method according to the invention described in FIG. 1, concrete 29 is then poured in order to produce the beam and the slab at one time, the pressure of the concrete in the pouring acting on the backfill.

On peut prévoir, de façon avantageuse, de doter le coffrage 25 d'un revêtement intérieur étanche, pour empêcher d'éventuelles infiltrations par sous-pression et réaliser ainsi un cuvelage étanche.Advantageously, provision can be made to provide the formwork 25 with a sealed internal coating, to prevent possible infiltration by under pressure and thus produce a sealed casing.

On comprendra que la description ci-dessus a été donnée à simple titre d'exemple, sans caractère limitatif, et que des adjonctions ou des modifications constructives pourraient être apportées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention déterminé par les termes des revendications qui suivent.It will be understood that the above description has been given by way of example, without limitation, and that additions or constructive modifications could be made without departing from the scope of the invention determined by the terms of the claims which follow.

Claims (8)

1. Method of forming a rigid foundation floor capable of supporting a construction, characterised by the provision of limited foundations (1) implanted at least at the periphery of the floor (3) being made, forming a flat level surface (2) at the level of the said limited foundations (1) disposing recoverable coffering cheeks (4) on the prepared surface round the periphery of the floor (1) being made, disposing in the centre rows of non-recoverable coffering elements (5), leaving spaces intended to form ribs in the floor, and possibly with elements (6) for interconnecting the said non-recoverable coffering elements (5), with the disposed between the rows of non-recoverable coffering elements (5) of elements (7) for sealing, insulating and spacing the bases of girders and of U-profile ribs, said elements defining the width of the girders and carrying underface insulation, proceeding with installation of the peripheral girders and ribbing, disposing floor reinforcement lattice (11) on the upper surface of the non-recoverable coffering elements (5), and pouring concrete on to the resulting assembly.
2. Method as in Claim 1, characterised in that the limited foundations comprise, depending on the nature of the surface, shafts (1) concreted to the regulation depth or on to resistant layers in the ground, or micro-piles.
3. Method as in Claim 1 or 2, for forming a rigid foundation floor on irrregular or rocky ground, characterised in that the limited foundations (1) are set to the level of the highest point in the ground, and in that the external peripheral coffering is made in two sections, the first section being set to the level of the floor wall base with the foundations thereof defining an irregular volume to be filled provisionally by sand or powdered material supporting the floor base and the non-recoverable coffering, and the second section being formed by raised portions of the thickness of the ribs plus a compression floor permitting pouring of the floor, followed by drying of the floor and removal of coffers, with the sand being eliminated naturally.
4. Method as in Claim 1 for forming a foundation floor, comprising support girders of height exceeding that of the floor, characterised in that after levelling of the surface (21) and before installation of the floor coffering elements, trenches (22) are formed in the surface to have the floor support girders, inside each trench (22) is disposed a reinforcement element (24) for the said girder, contained within a non-recoverable cardboard coffering element (25), the space between the trench (22) and the non-recoverable coffering (25) is filled in, and the portion of coffering (25) exceeding the buried height of the girder is folded on to the ground (21), so that after installation of the external coffering elements and of the internal component elements (30) of the floor, pouring of the floor and girders is performed in a single operation.
5. Method as in Claim 4, characterised in that during filling-in, wedge elements (26) keep the coffering (25) at a suitable distance from the reinforcement (24).
6. Method as in Claim 4, characterised in that the spacing means (26) for the reinforcement (24) are affixed to the coffering (25), permitting easy installation thereof at the same time as the said reinforcement (24).
7. Method as in Claim 4, characterised in that light and rigidly surfaced material such as cardboard, fibre board or plastic is used to make the non-recoverable coffering (25).
8. Method as in Claim 4, characterised in that the coffering (25) is given an internal sealing coating.
EP85903002A 1984-06-19 1985-06-18 Method for making a rigid slab able to support a building Expired EP0185065B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85903002T ATE46735T1 (en) 1984-06-19 1985-06-18 METHOD OF MAKING A CONSTRUCTION-BEARING RIGID PLATE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8409595A FR2566031B1 (en) 1984-06-19 1984-06-19 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A RIGID SLAB FOR CARRYING A CONSTRUCTION
FR8409595 1984-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0185065A1 EP0185065A1 (en) 1986-06-25
EP0185065B1 true EP0185065B1 (en) 1989-09-27

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US (1) US4799348A (en)
EP (1) EP0185065B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0699975B2 (en)
AU (1) AU4492485A (en)
CA (1) CA1302111C (en)
DE (1) DE3573284D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2566031B1 (en)
IL (1) IL75525A (en)
MA (1) MA20457A1 (en)
OA (1) OA08206A (en)
WO (1) WO1986000358A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL75525A (en) 1989-07-31
EP0185065A1 (en) 1986-06-25
MA20457A1 (en) 1985-12-31
JPS61502477A (en) 1986-10-30
WO1986000358A1 (en) 1986-01-16
DE3573284D1 (en) 1989-11-02
OA08206A (en) 1987-10-30
AU4492485A (en) 1986-01-24
FR2566031A1 (en) 1985-12-20
FR2566031B1 (en) 1988-01-29
CA1302111C (en) 1992-06-02
IL75525A0 (en) 1985-10-31
US4799348A (en) 1989-01-24
JPH0699975B2 (en) 1994-12-12

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