EP0183679B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de lingots et de pièces coulées - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de lingots et de pièces coulées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0183679B1
EP0183679B1 EP19850890289 EP85890289A EP0183679B1 EP 0183679 B1 EP0183679 B1 EP 0183679B1 EP 19850890289 EP19850890289 EP 19850890289 EP 85890289 A EP85890289 A EP 85890289A EP 0183679 B1 EP0183679 B1 EP 0183679B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
mould
block
released
ingot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850890289
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0183679A3 (en
EP0183679A2 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Schwarz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boehler GmbH
Original Assignee
Boehler GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boehler GmbH filed Critical Boehler GmbH
Publication of EP0183679A2 publication Critical patent/EP0183679A2/fr
Publication of EP0183679A3 publication Critical patent/EP0183679A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0183679B1 publication Critical patent/EP0183679B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/08—Divided ingot moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing block and molded castings from a higher melting alloy according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 6 for performing the method.
  • alloys represent a solution of various elements or compounds in one another. Depending on the temperature of the melt, undissolved or separated solids may already be present.
  • the property of a solidified alloy is not based solely on its chemical composition, but - as is well known - on the one hand on the modification, in particular crystal modification and also the size of the individual crystals present in the structure.
  • a structure is desired which is as fine-grained as possible and which has the most uniform possible distribution of the chemical elements or compounds over the entire block. However, this requirement cannot be met due to the existence of a solution that freezes.
  • a block solidifies step by step, that is, this block is built up step by step, although certain cooling conditions are required to achieve high quality.
  • electroslag remelting process since there a z. B. water-cooled mold is provided, which is either raised according to the block growth, or the block is lowered when the mold is stationary, with this being melted off via an electrode located in a slag bath, the metal drops passing through the liquid slag being cleaned in the process , and are taken up in the melt sump.
  • Another known method for producing, in particular large blocks is that the melt is introduced into a mold, whereupon liquid slag is poured onto the partially solidified melt, heat and / or melt then being supplied to the block via a melting or non-melting electrode is, so that a substantial increase in quality can be obtained while substantially avoiding a blow hole.
  • the energy requirement is considerably lower than in the electroslag remelting process, but since the block as a whole is in a mold during the solidification, the time it takes for the mold to be formed and the time in which the block is formed, even if with different amounts of energy to be supplied, is still disproportionately long.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing block and molded castings which have a structure that is as uniform as possible. Furthermore, the method should enable the direction of solidification of the block to be deflected not only horizontally but in the vertical direction, i. H. the solidification should not only take place from the side surfaces of the block to the inside of the edge.
  • the process according to the invention for the production of block and molded castings, wherein a melt of a higher melting alloy, in particular an iron, nickel or cobalt base alloy in the falling or rising casting is poured into a fixed multi-part mold with a base plate, and what the casting on The mold location is removed from the mold, is characterized by the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • Multi-part molds have become known, for example, from US Pat. No. 2,110,063, on which the preambles of claims 1 and 6 are based, the base part of the mold having a greater heat capacity than the other parts of the mold; taking into account the heat released during solidification, it can be seen that this different heat absorption capacity can only be of secondary importance due to the different mass of the mold parts. Otherwise refers.
  • this patent on a specific process for the demolding of castings, the already Completely solidified block is removed by lifting off the upper mold part together with the casting with a fixed lower part of the mold, whereupon the upper mold part including block is moved, and the remaining demolding is carried out by placing the block on a base plate.
  • the demolded part of the casting is acted upon by a cooling medium, in particular an air jet, to which water is optionally added.
  • This measure is particularly advantageous when particularly large blocks are cast and / or a particularly strongly overheated melt has to be used, so that the existence of the block skin is reliably ensured, the cooling capacity being precisely regulated by the flow rate or the amount of water to be mixed can be.
  • a method which is particularly simple to carry out and which at the same time is highly efficient is when the upper part (s) of the mold is raised with the casting fixed and the lower part (s) is / are removed from the casting. This procedure allows the method according to the invention to be carried out with particularly little effort, with only a minimal outlay on equipment being guaranteed.
  • the mold according to the preamble of claim 6 for carrying out the method according to the invention with at least two parts and optionally a hood, wherein the parts can be placed on one another and at least the upper part has handles for lifting means, is characterized by the characterizing features of claim 6.
  • Such a device allows the method according to the invention to be carried out in a particularly simple and efficient manner, since demolding can be carried out quickly and without great effort immediately after casting, since no separate guides or the like.
  • the lowermost segments rest on a cooled, in particular water-cooled, base plate.
  • a mold 2 On a base plate 1, which has coolant channels, a mold 2 is arranged, which has lower segments 3, which are displaceable on the base plate via the racks 4 and cranks 5.
  • the segments have dowel pins 6 and corresponding recesses 7.
  • the upper part 8 of the mold sits on the segments 3, which has handles 9 for a rope 10 which is held taut via a crane hook 11 or which serves to raise the upper part of the mold.
  • the casting is now carried out in such a way that the melt is introduced into the mold as it rises over the base plate.
  • a melt with the following composition in% by weight of C 0.4, Si 0.3, Mn 0.6, Cr 0.8, Mo 0.3, Ni 1.9 and the rest of iron was melted in an electric furnace.
  • the melt was tapped into the pan at a temperature of 1,650 ° C.
  • the temperature in the pan at the start of casting was 1,570 ° C. and 4,000 kg were poured in tandem in 4 minutes. Both molds had a height to width ratio of 2: 1 and the molds were slightly conical.
  • the segments of the mold had the same height as the upper part of the mold.
  • the second mold was a conventional undivided mold.
  • the thickness of the block skin was 5 cm. After two hours, both blocks were completely frozen. After cooling to room temperature, the blocks were divided lengthways.
  • the Baumann fume cupboard produced showed a uniform sulfur distribution in the block according to the invention, whereas in the block produced by the conventional methods, stronger segregations occurred in the center.
  • the distance between the dendrite branches was 400 ⁇ 83 ⁇ at the edge of the block according to the invention and 264 ⁇ 98 w in the center, whereas the dendrite branch distance at the edge was 200 ⁇ 50 ⁇ at the edge of the block, the distance in the middle was so short that no measurement could be made.
  • the distance between the dendrite branches is a measure of the cooling rate, in such a way that the greater the distance between the dendrite branches, the greater the rate of solidification.
  • the angle which the dendrites included with the horizontal was up to 30 ° in the block produced according to the invention.
  • the direction of the dendrites indicates the direction of solidification and it is from it It can be seen that the direction of solidification in the block produced according to the invention is oriented much more vertically than in the conventional method, as a result of which solidification takes place from bottom to top.
  • both blocks had cooled to room temperature, they were divided lengthways. Both at the edge and in the center of both blocks, namely at the edge at the center of the block, the distances of the dendrite branches, or the angle, which included the dendrites with the horizontal, were measured.
  • the distance between the dendrite branches was 205.8 ⁇ 56 ⁇ at the edge and 188.36 ⁇ 51 ⁇ in the center; the angle at the edge was 27 °.
  • the distance, the dendrite branches at the edge 150 ⁇ 50 ⁇ and in the block center the distance was not measurable.
  • the angle of the marginal dendrites was 20 °.
  • the solidification in the block produced according to the invention was oriented more in the vertical direction than in that of the conventional method, and at the same time there was a higher directional solidification speed.
  • the distance between the dendrite branches was 196.20 ⁇ 47 ⁇ m in the center of the block according to the invention and 210.9 ⁇ 39 ⁇ m at the edge itself.
  • the angle that the dendrites made with the horizontal at the outer third of the block was 27 °.
  • the distance of the dendrite branches in the edge was 176.20 ⁇ 49 ⁇ , whereas in the center the distance of the dendrite branches could not be measured due to the high branching.
  • the angle that the dendrites made with the horizontal was 18 °.
  • the Baumann deduction clearly showed that the block according to the invention has a much more uniform sulfur distribution.
  • a nickel-based alloy of the following composition were melted in% by weight: C 0.1, Si 0.3, Mn 0.6, Cr 18.0, the rest nickel.
  • the pan was tapped at an oven temperature of 1,520 ° C.
  • the mold was poured into two molds at a melt temperature of 1,430 °.
  • the ratio of height to width was 2.5: 1.
  • the constant C corresponds to a value of 23 mm / Vmin for nickel-based alloys. Accordingly, the lower half of the block to be produced by the method according to the invention was removed from the mold after 5 minutes. After 1.5 hours, both blocks had solidified and were split lengthways.
  • the angle which the dendrites included with the horizontal in the block according to the invention was 31 °, whereas the corresponding angle in the block not produced according to the invention was 17 °.
  • a solidification of the block from bottom to top was much more necessary than in the case of a block not produced according to the invention.
  • the block solidifies essentially from the bottom upwards during solidification, impurities can be shifted upwards via a crystallization front, thus enriching a high proportion of undesirable impurities in the block head. It is essential that the block does not solidify convex. H. possibly closes at the crest or solidifies «bottle-shaped», since in this case the impurities are concentrated in the center of the block.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Procédé pour la fabrication de lingots et de pièces coulées suivant lequel une masse en fusion d'un alliage à point d'ébullition élevé, en particulier un alliage à base de fer, de nickel ou de cobalt, est coulée en coulée en chute ou en coulée en source dans une lingotière (2) en plusieurs parties pourvue d'une plaque de fond (1), montée à poste fixe, après quoi la pièce coulée est démoulée à l'emplacement de coulée, caractérisé en ce que la pièce coulée qui se trouve en état de solidification est démoulée en au moins deux étapes, dans une première étape où la croûte de coulée est déjà solidifiée et le noyau est liquide dans sa partie inférieure, cette partie, en particulier le pied de la pièce coulée, est démoulée sur toute sa périphérie tandis qu'une partie restante, au moins la tête de la pièce coulée, reste jusqu'à sa solidification complète dans une partie (8) de la lingotière (2), puis, dans une dernière étape, la tête de la pièce coulée est démoulée.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie démoulée de la pièce coulée est traitée avec un agent de refroidissement, en particulier un jet d'air, auquel est éventuellement mélangée de l'eau.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, la partie inférieure de la pièce coulée étant démoulée, il est fait apport à cette pièce coulée, au-dessus de la tête du lingot, de chaleur et éventuellement de métal en fusion.
4. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que, la partie inférieure étant démoulée, il est fait un apport de chaleur au moyen d'une électrode, en particulier d'une électrode consommable, qui est plongée de préférence dans un bain de fusion au moins en partie liquide.
5. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la partie supérieure ou les parties supérieures de la lingotière sont soulevées, la pièce coulée étant maintenue fixe, et la partie inférieure ou les parties inférieures sont retirées de la pièce coulée.
6. Lingotière (2) pour coulée de lingot qui est composée d'au moins deux parties (3, 8), les parties (3, 8) pouvant être posées l'une sur l'autre et au moins la partie supérieure présentant des poignées (9) pour un moyen de levage ou de retenue (10, 11), caractérisée en ce qu'au moins la partie inférieure est formée de segments (3) qui présentent des éléments d'assemblage (6, 7) faisant saillie au moins en partie par rapport aux segments, en particulier des goujons d'assemblage (6) qui coopèrent avec des évidements d'assemblage (7) prévus dans l'autre segment, lesdits segments pouvant coulisser sur la plaque de fond (1), et notamment pouvant être serrés l'un contre l'autre, par exemple par l'intermédiaire de broches ou de crémaillères (4).
7. Lingotière selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les segments (3) inférieurs de la lingotière (2) reposent sur une plaque de fond (1) refroidie, en particulier refroidie par eau.
EP19850890289 1984-11-29 1985-11-27 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de lingots et de pièces coulées Expired EP0183679B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT378284A AT395389B (de) 1984-11-29 1984-11-29 Verfahren zur herstellung von block- und formgussstuecken sowie vorrichtung zur herstellung derselben
AT3782/84 1984-11-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0183679A2 EP0183679A2 (fr) 1986-06-04
EP0183679A3 EP0183679A3 (en) 1987-08-12
EP0183679B1 true EP0183679B1 (fr) 1989-09-20

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850890289 Expired EP0183679B1 (fr) 1984-11-29 1985-11-27 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de lingots et de pièces coulées

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EP (1) EP0183679B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT395389B (fr)
DE (1) DE3573083D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2503521C1 (ru) * 2011-11-14 2014-01-10 Государственное научное учреждение "Институт технологии металлов Национальной академии наук Беларуси" (ГНУ "ИТМ НАН Беларуси") Способ литья заготовок
CN109732066B (zh) * 2019-01-03 2021-05-07 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 锥销式金属锭自动脱模脱销设备及方法
CN113430470B (zh) * 2021-04-28 2022-04-19 中航上大高温合金材料股份有限公司 一种低合金超高强度钢的制造方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2065969A (en) * 1936-07-18 1936-12-29 Septimus H Griffiths Combined metal mold for casting and stripping ingots
US2110063A (en) * 1936-11-09 1938-03-01 Septimus H Griffiths Metal mold for casting ingots
BE530822A (fr) * 1950-11-10
DE855151C (de) * 1950-11-11 1954-04-08 Gussstahlwerk Bochumer Ver Ag Giessform und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlbloecken
DE1508839A1 (de) * 1966-06-01 1970-01-15 Edelstahlwerk Reckhammer Gmbh Verfahren zur Erzielung dichter und seigerungsarmer Gussstuecke in liegenden Formen
DE1956126C3 (de) * 1968-02-06 1979-01-18 Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Ag (Vew), Wien Niederlassung Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Ag (Vew) Verkaufsniederlassung Buederich, 4005 Meerbusch Metallen, insbesondere aus Stählen bestehenden Blöcken mit sich ändernden Querschnitten
AT295061B (de) * 1969-09-18 1971-12-27 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Elektroschlackenumschmelzen von Metallen, insbesondere von Stählen
GB1407469A (en) * 1972-11-10 1975-09-24 British Steel Corp Ingot casting moulds
DE2827091A1 (de) * 1978-06-21 1980-01-10 Seybold Rolf Prof Dr Ing Standkokillen fuer brammen und bloecke

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT395389B (de) 1992-12-10
DE3573083D1 (en) 1989-10-26
EP0183679A3 (en) 1987-08-12
EP0183679A2 (fr) 1986-06-04

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