EP0178281A2 - Kühlanlage für sich bewegende metallische Erzeugnisse - Google Patents

Kühlanlage für sich bewegende metallische Erzeugnisse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0178281A2
EP0178281A2 EP85870133A EP85870133A EP0178281A2 EP 0178281 A2 EP0178281 A2 EP 0178281A2 EP 85870133 A EP85870133 A EP 85870133A EP 85870133 A EP85870133 A EP 85870133A EP 0178281 A2 EP0178281 A2 EP 0178281A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
boxes
aqueous liquid
wall
spacers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85870133A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0178281A3 (en
EP0178281B1 (de
Inventor
Stéphan Wilmotte
Jean-François Noville
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Original Assignee
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL filed Critical Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Priority to AT85870133T priority Critical patent/ATE60260T1/de
Publication of EP0178281A2 publication Critical patent/EP0178281A2/de
Publication of EP0178281A3 publication Critical patent/EP0178281A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0178281B1 publication Critical patent/EP0178281B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B45/0218—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for cooling a moving metal product.
  • any metallic product in scrolling movement, having at least one flat surface.
  • rolled products such as sheets, in particular heavy and medium sheets, thin strips, profiles as well as continuous casting products, such as slabs and billets.
  • This known device however has certain drawbacks that are all the more marked the greater the width of the product to be cooled.
  • the present invention relates to a device for eliminating these drawbacks.
  • the device which is the subject of the present invention, for cooling, by means of an aqueous liquid, a metal product having at least one flat surface, the said metal product moving along a predetermined path, is essentially characterized in that '' it has a wall disposed opposite said flat surface of the product to be cooled and in a manner substantially parallel to it, so as to form between said flat surface and said wall, a space of substantially constant thickness, in that said wall is pierced with at least one orifice opening into said space and ensuring the passage of the above-mentioned aqueous liquid through said wall, in that said orifice is connected to a source of said aqueous liquid and in that it comprises means for adjusting the flow rate of the aqueous liquid and the distance between said wall and the flat surface of the product to be cooled.
  • said orifices are distributed in staggered rows, at least in the part of the wall which faces the flat surface of the product to be cooled.
  • the orifices are advantageously lined with rings, for example brass or stainless steel, the internal diameter of which has the desired value.
  • the said wall pierced with orifices constitutes a face, called the front face, of a box for distributing the aqueous liquid on the flat surface of the product to be cooled.
  • the holes drilled in the front face of said box are then advantageously provided with tubular end pieces extending inside the box. Still according to the invention, the length of these tubular tips is preferably not less than five times their internal diameter.
  • tubular tips are preferably made of a material resistant to corrosion by the aqueous liquid, preferably brass or stainless steel.
  • tubular ends make it possible to prevent the orifices from being blocked by materials possibly depositing at the bottom of the box when it is a box whose water escapes through the bottom wall, and to improve the homogeneity of the distribution of the aqueous liquid to the said orifices.
  • the present invention also relates to an installation for cooling a metal product using the device which has just been described.
  • an installation for cooling, by means of an aqueous liquid, a moving metal product having at least one flat surface comprises several devices conforming to those which have been described above, arranged opposite at least a surface, but preferably opposite all the flat surfaces of said product.
  • the walls pierced with orifices belonging to the said devices located opposite the same flat surface of the said product to be arranged in the same plane and for the said walls to follow one another in the direction of travel of the product.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sheet 1 which, on leaving the rolling mill 2, moves on a roller conveyor 3 in the direction of the arrow 4.
  • This sheet passes through a cooling installation according to the invention, comprising on the one hand lower boxes 5 arranged between the rollers 3 of the conveyor, and on the other hand upper boxes 6 disposed substantially above the lower boxes 5.
  • These lower and upper boxes are supplied with aqueous liquid respectively through the inlet pipes 7 and 8.
  • spacers 9 Between the upper boxes 6 are placed spacers 9, the lower face of which is situated in the plane containing the walls pierced with orifices of the so-called upper boxes.
  • spacers ensure on the one hand, the continuity of the surface facing the product and therefore the consistency of the thickness of the space 1 0 supplied with aqueous liquid and on the other hand, the maintenance of the spacing chosen between neighboring caissons. They also make it possible to eliminate any risk of catching of the sheet by the upper boxes.
  • the aqueous liquid delivered by lines 7 and 8 is discharged to a collector (not shown), after having cooled the sheet 1 in space 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows in particular a sheet 1 entering the cooling installation.
  • the sheet 1 moves on the rollers 3, between which the lower boxes are disposed 5. These are positioned so that their front face is located at a distance between 10 mm and 100 mm below the contact plane between sheet metal and rollers. These distances make it possible to avoid any risk of catching of the sheet by the lower boxes, while ensuring satisfactory cooling efficiency.
  • the boxes 5 are individually supplied with aqueous liquid from the pipe 7; each individual connection 11 is provided with a valve 12 making it possible to isolate the corresponding lower box.
  • the upper face of the boxes 5 is pierced with orifices 13, the diameter of which is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, and pre ference between 1 and 5 mm.
  • the number of these orifices is at least 100 per square meter, for the orifices with the largest diameter; it increases when the diameter decreases, so as to maintain the passage section, and consequently the desired flow rate of aqueous liquid.
  • the front face of the lower casings is, according to the invention, provided with teeth 23 projecting substantially horizontally, preferably upstream, to guide the sheet while allowing the flow of a portion aqueous liquid.
  • each upper box 6 Opposite the lower boxes 5 are arranged upper boxes 6 whose front face, that is to say the face facing the sheet 1, is also pierced with orifices similar to the orifices 13. It is not imperative, for the present invention, that each upper box 6 is located strictly opposite a lower box 5; the spacing between the upper boxes can be different from the spacing between the lower boxes, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the upper boxes 6 are supplied with aqueous liquid from a pipe 8; each connection 14 is subdivided into two individual conduits 15 and 16, each supplying a box and provided with valves 17 making it possible to isolate the corresponding upper box.
  • the intervals between the upper boxes 6 are occupied by spacers 9.
  • spacers 9 are appropriately secured to the boxes 6, and their height is greater than that of these boxes 6
  • the rear face of the spacers 9 is projecting from the boxes 6.
  • the spacers 9 are rigidly fixed, preferably by welding, to the side members 18 which are in turn supported by transverse gussets 19.
  • the ends of these gussets 19 are supported by jacks 20 on bases 21 secured to the foundation of the installation.
  • jacks 20 make it possible to vertically move the rigid assembly formed by the gussets 19, the side members 18, the spacers 9 and the upper boxes 6, so as to vary, as necessary, the distance between the front face of the boxes 6 and the upper surface of the sheet 1.
  • the jacks 20 are driven, by means of a distribution known per se, by means of a motor 22 mounted, according to the invention, behind the spacers 9 and preferably in the longitudinal median plane of the set of spacers - upper boxes. The motor 22 is thus protected against the vapors which inevitably emerge from the cooling space.
  • the spacers 9 and the side members 18 are hollow and closed at their ends, and they communicate with each other at their crossing points; they thus form a circuit, traversed by a cooling liquid, preferably water, so as to avoid any deformation by heating in the event of blockage of a hot product inside the installation.
  • a cooling liquid preferably water
  • This coolant advantageously comes from the cooling circuit of the rolls of the rolling mill located upstream, so that its supply is independent of the supply circuit of the boxes and is therefore not disturbed in the event of voluntary reduction or interruption. accidental - from the supply of the boxes 5, 6.
  • a partition 24 preferably vertical, which prevents any untimely lateral flow of the aqueous coolant.
  • This wall its of course has inlet and outlet openings for the sheet in the installation. Still according to the invention, these openings are provided with means to prevent the aqueous liquid from flowing through these openings.
  • These means are advantageously constituted by devices for spraying aqueous liquid in the transverse direction which discharge the aqueous liquid into the space between the partitions and, from there, towards the collector.
  • the entry opening formed in said vertical partition is equipped, according to the invention, with means for guiding the sheet coming from the rolling mill and having to enter the installation.
  • These means are advantageously constituted by a guide or deflector, which can itself be made of sheet metal, forming a funnel in front of said inlet opening.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the circuits for supplying aqueous liquid to the lower and upper boxes, as well as the device with jacks ensuring the height positioning of the upper boxes.
  • connection 11 connected to one end of the box is, according to the invention, equipped with a bypass 25 which transfers half of the flow of aqueous liquid to the other end of the said box.
  • Each conduit 15 is connected to one end of a box 6 and it is equipped with a bypass 26 which transfers half of the flow of aqueous liquid to the other end of said box.
  • connection 14 comprises, in accordance with the invention, means making it possible to ensure, without loss of tightness, the mobility of the assembly comprising the upper boxes relative to the supply line 8.
  • connection consists in fact of a first part 14 and a second part 14 'whose diameter is slightly less than that of the first part 14.
  • the end of the part 14 ′ is engaged and can slide in the part 14, in response to variations in the height position of the upper boxes 6, and the seal between the two parts is ensured by an elastic membrane controlled by pressure of a gas.
  • the orifices 13 of the upper boxes 6 are advantageously provided with tubular end pieces 28 extending inside the boxes.
  • tubular ends facilitate the protection of the boxes 6 against deformation by heating in the relatively frequent case where the installation is crossed by .a sheet which must not be cooled by this means.
  • the upper boxes 6 are in fact provided with a discharge orifice 29 situated at a level lower than that of the head of the tubular end pieces 28. If necessary, it is thus possible to establish and maintain a slight flow of aqueous liquid ensuring the cooling of the boxes 6 without this liquid flowing undesirably on the sheet.
  • the protection of the lower boxes 5 is ensured by maintaining a flow rate of aqueous liquid sufficient for it to flow through the orifices 13, but insufficient for it to reach the underside of the sheet not to be cooled. .
  • aqueous liquid delivered by the orifices 13 of the upper and lower boxes is collected by the collector 30 then, after filtering and cooling by devices not shown, it is returned to the pipes 7 and 8.
  • a make-up of aqueous liquid can, on this occasion, be added to compensate for losses, in particular by spraying.
  • FIG. 3 also shows the mechanization system of the mobile upper assembly, consisting of the motor 22 and the jacks 20 to which the movement is transmitted by a known type of distribution.
  • the stroke of these cylinders is such that the thickness of the space 10 can vary from 5 mm to 300 mm, and preferably between 30 mm and 300 mm in the case of sheets, in order to avoid any risk. attachment while maintaining a satisfactory cooling efficiency.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP85870133A 1984-10-09 1985-10-01 Kühlanlage für sich bewegende metallische Erzeugnisse Expired - Lifetime EP0178281B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85870133T ATE60260T1 (de) 1984-10-09 1985-10-01 Kuehlanlage fuer sich bewegende metallische erzeugnisse.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE6048016 1984-10-09
BE6/48016A BE900784A (fr) 1984-10-09 1984-10-09 Dispositif pour refroidir un produit metallique en mouvement et installation en comportant l'apllication.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0178281A2 true EP0178281A2 (de) 1986-04-16
EP0178281A3 EP0178281A3 (en) 1987-12-23
EP0178281B1 EP0178281B1 (de) 1991-01-23

Family

ID=3874961

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85870133A Expired - Lifetime EP0178281B1 (de) 1984-10-09 1985-10-01 Kühlanlage für sich bewegende metallische Erzeugnisse

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4723562A (de)
EP (1) EP0178281B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61179814A (de)
KR (1) KR920008557B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE60260T1 (de)
AU (1) AU577628B2 (de)
BE (1) BE900784A (de)
BR (1) BR8504981A (de)
CA (1) CA1246339A (de)
DK (1) DK457285A (de)
ES (2) ES8608954A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA857762B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0297077A2 (de) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-28 CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE Association sans but lucratif Vorrichtung zur Kühlung eines beweglichen Metallproduktes
EP1938911A1 (de) * 2006-12-27 2008-07-02 VAI Industries (UK) Ltd. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur kontrollierten Kühlung.
EP2108465A1 (de) 2008-04-07 2009-10-14 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung für gesteuerte Kühlung
US8282747B2 (en) 2006-08-18 2012-10-09 Nippon Steel Corporation Cooling method of steel plate

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE904177A (fr) * 1986-02-05 1986-08-05 Centre Rech Metallurgique Dispositif de refroidissement d'un produit metallique en mouvement.
US4938257A (en) * 1986-11-21 1990-07-03 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Printed circuit cleaning apparatus
US5837067A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-11-17 International Business Machines Corporation Precision fluid head transport
US6264767B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2001-07-24 Ipsco Enterprises Inc. Method of producing martensite-or bainite-rich steel using steckel mill and controlled cooling
US5758674A (en) * 1996-04-29 1998-06-02 Taeger; Jerry D. Stanchion-supported apparatus
BE1011579A3 (fr) * 1997-11-28 1999-11-09 Centre Rech Metallurgique Dispositif de refroidissement d'une bande metallique en mouvement.
WO2000003042A1 (en) 1998-07-10 2000-01-20 Ipsco Inc. Method and apparatus for producing martensite- or bainite-rich steel using steckel mill and controlled cooling
DE19843038B4 (de) * 1998-09-19 2006-10-12 Sms Demag Ag Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Walzgut innerhalb der Kühlstrecke einer Walzanlage zur laminarern Bandkühlung
DE10215229A1 (de) * 2002-04-06 2003-10-16 Sms Demag Ag Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Walzgut innerhalb der Kühlstrecke einer Walzanlage
EP2783766A1 (de) * 2013-03-25 2014-10-01 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Kühlstrecke mit unterem Spritzbalken
CN105032958B (zh) * 2015-08-24 2018-04-20 东北大学 应用道次间冷却工艺控制轧制的即时冷却系统及冷却方法
DE102017127470A1 (de) * 2017-11-21 2019-05-23 Sms Group Gmbh Kühlbalken und Kühlprozess mit variabler Abkühlrate für Stahlbleche
WO2019123295A1 (en) 2017-12-20 2019-06-27 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. Apparatus for the thermal treatment of metallic products

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1471847A (fr) * 1965-03-29 1967-03-03 Caterpillar Tractor Co Procédé et dispositif pour tremper des plaques d'acier
FR2223096A1 (de) * 1973-03-26 1974-10-25 Usinor
FR2380083A1 (fr) * 1977-02-11 1978-09-08 Centre Rech Metallurgique Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de refroidissement des produits metalliques et procede pour sa mise en oeuvre
GB2011296A (en) * 1977-12-30 1979-07-11 Usinor Machine fortreating metal sheets
US4300376A (en) * 1978-10-02 1981-11-17 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgiques Cooling of rolled metal products
JPS57156830A (en) * 1981-03-24 1982-09-28 Kawasaki Steel Corp Cooling method for rolling material

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US3025865A (en) * 1956-09-05 1962-03-20 United Steel Companies Ltd Apparatus for cooling hot metal strip or plate by laminar liquid flow
GB1038359A (en) * 1964-05-27 1966-08-10 Drever Co Roller pressure quench system
US3546911A (en) * 1965-03-29 1970-12-15 Caterpillar Tractor Co Apparatus for quenching steel plate
AU413048B1 (en) * 1966-08-09 1971-05-11 Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation Apparatus for cooling sheet or strip metal
DE7206538U (de) * 1971-03-01 1972-10-26 The Perkin-Elmer Corp Zerstaeuber
US3785572A (en) * 1972-05-25 1974-01-15 Peabody Engineering Corp Plastic lined spray nozzle
US3897230A (en) * 1973-05-09 1975-07-29 Inland Steel Co Cooling system
US4132393A (en) * 1976-06-30 1979-01-02 Nippon Steel Corporation Apparatus for cooling hot steel plate and sheet
US4076222A (en) * 1976-07-19 1978-02-28 Schaming Edward J Runout cooling method and apparatus for metal rolling mills
US4149703A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-04-17 Drever Company Apparatus for quenching a heated metal plate
JPS5714416A (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-25 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Production of laminated metallic pipe
JPS5792141A (en) * 1980-11-27 1982-06-08 Kawasaki Steel Corp Continuous hardening device for steel plate
DE3209875A1 (de) * 1982-03-18 1983-09-29 Aktiengesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke, 6638 Dillingen Vorrichtung zum kuehlen von blech
JPS5916619A (ja) * 1982-07-19 1984-01-27 Nippon Steel Corp 熱鋼板の強制冷却装置
BE900675A (fr) * 1984-09-25 1985-03-25 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede pour refroidir un produit metallique en mouvement.
EP0176494A1 (de) * 1984-09-25 1986-04-02 CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE Association sans but lucratif Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines fortlaufenden metallischen Erzeugnisses

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1471847A (fr) * 1965-03-29 1967-03-03 Caterpillar Tractor Co Procédé et dispositif pour tremper des plaques d'acier
FR2223096A1 (de) * 1973-03-26 1974-10-25 Usinor
FR2380083A1 (fr) * 1977-02-11 1978-09-08 Centre Rech Metallurgique Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de refroidissement des produits metalliques et procede pour sa mise en oeuvre
GB2011296A (en) * 1977-12-30 1979-07-11 Usinor Machine fortreating metal sheets
US4300376A (en) * 1978-10-02 1981-11-17 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgiques Cooling of rolled metal products
JPS57156830A (en) * 1981-03-24 1982-09-28 Kawasaki Steel Corp Cooling method for rolling material

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6, no. 263 (M-181)[1141], 22 décembre 1982; & JP-A-57 156 830 (KAWASAKI SEITETSU K.K.) 28-09-1982 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0297077A2 (de) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-28 CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE Association sans but lucratif Vorrichtung zur Kühlung eines beweglichen Metallproduktes
EP0297077A3 (en) * 1987-06-26 1989-10-04 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Association Sans But Lucratif Cooling device for moving metal products
US8282747B2 (en) 2006-08-18 2012-10-09 Nippon Steel Corporation Cooling method of steel plate
EP1938911A1 (de) * 2006-12-27 2008-07-02 VAI Industries (UK) Ltd. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur kontrollierten Kühlung.
WO2008077449A1 (en) * 2006-12-27 2008-07-03 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Ltd. Apparatus and method for controlled cooling
CN101616755B (zh) * 2006-12-27 2011-05-18 西门子Vai金属科技有限公司 用于受控冷却的装置和方法
US9358597B2 (en) 2006-12-27 2016-06-07 Siemens Plc Apparatus and method for controlled cooling
EP2108465A1 (de) 2008-04-07 2009-10-14 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung für gesteuerte Kühlung
WO2009124830A1 (en) * 2008-04-07 2009-10-15 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Ltd. Method and apparatus for controlled cooling
RU2490082C2 (ru) * 2008-04-07 2013-08-20 Сименс Фаи Металз Текнолоджиз Лтд. Способ и устройство для регулируемого охлаждения
CN101983108B (zh) * 2008-04-07 2016-01-06 英国西门子公司 用于受控冷却的方法和设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0178281A3 (en) 1987-12-23
AU4845285A (en) 1986-04-17
BR8504981A (pt) 1986-07-29
ES8608954A1 (es) 1986-09-01
KR920008557B1 (ko) 1992-10-01
JPS61179814A (ja) 1986-08-12
CA1246339A (en) 1988-12-13
EP0178281B1 (de) 1991-01-23
US4723562A (en) 1988-02-09
AU577628B2 (en) 1988-09-29
KR860003069A (ko) 1986-05-19
DK457285A (da) 1986-04-10
ATE60260T1 (de) 1991-02-15
ES8700092A1 (es) 1986-10-01
ES549477A0 (es) 1986-10-01
DK457285D0 (da) 1985-10-08
ES547665A0 (es) 1986-09-01
ZA857762B (en) 1987-03-25
BE900784A (fr) 1985-04-09

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