EP0170199B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schachtes - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schachtes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0170199B1
EP0170199B1 EP19850109261 EP85109261A EP0170199B1 EP 0170199 B1 EP0170199 B1 EP 0170199B1 EP 19850109261 EP19850109261 EP 19850109261 EP 85109261 A EP85109261 A EP 85109261A EP 0170199 B1 EP0170199 B1 EP 0170199B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lining
layer
mixture
ground
pasty
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850109261
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0170199A2 (de
EP0170199A3 (en
Inventor
& Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Dyckerhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Walter Bau AG
Original Assignee
Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG filed Critical Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Publication of EP0170199A2 publication Critical patent/EP0170199A2/de
Publication of EP0170199A3 publication Critical patent/EP0170199A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0170199B1 publication Critical patent/EP0170199B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
    • E21D5/012—Use of fluid-tight or anti-friction material on outside of, or between, lining layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
    • E21D1/10—Preparation of the ground
    • E21D1/12—Preparation of the ground by freezing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a shaft with a lining which absorbs the rock pressure and a sliding layer arranged between it and the rock, in the protection of a soil consolidation.
  • Shaft structures of this type like horizontal tunnel structures, are stressed on the one hand by forces due to external loads and on the other hand by constraining forces due to movements in the surrounding ground. While the external loads are an unchangeable requirement, the stresses caused by constraining forces as a result of movements can be influenced by the type of construction.
  • Coercive forces are caused either in the building itself or in the surrounding mountains. Coercive forces from the building arise, for example, when the concrete of the cladding shrinks or as a result of temperature differences. Forced loads from the mountains follow, for example, from subsidence. In the mining sector, the constraints on the structures due to ground movements are particularly high.
  • coal seams are mined without displacing the resulting cavity, so that in the area of mining and the surrounding area, the entire landscape and buildings are gradually lowered.
  • the layers near the surface are influenced in a wave-like manner, corresponding to the progress of the individual mining fronts in depth. This manifests itself in the form of progressive individual depression troughs with different local depressions and horizontal pressures or strains as a result of the trough formation.
  • a large number of individual waves with subsidence and strong horizontal stresses of alternating signs cover every point in the subsurface.
  • Shafts such as those required in coal mining for the development of coal seams down to depths of 1000 m and more, are usually sunk in the loose rock overlying the rock under the protection of soil consolidation by icing.
  • a lining made of reinforced concrete is positively interlocked with the floor.
  • such a shaft may only be dismantled at a greater distance, so that the influences described do not take effect in the region of the shaft. This means that more or less large quantities of mineral resources that are stored in these areas are not mined.
  • This type of shaft expansion is relatively cheap to implement; however, it is uneconomical due to the fact that mineral resources are not mined in the area surrounding the shaft and because of the longer horizontal production routes required as a result.
  • the sliding shaft expansion also takes place under the protection of a ground freeze, whereby in the course of the depths, dry masonry is first installed as an auxiliary construction to temporarily secure the mountains.
  • the foundation for the actual lining is then laid in the deepest area of the shaft, which is then continuously listed from bottom to top as a sandwich construction with an outer, sealing steel jacket and an inner reinforced concrete shaft.
  • the annular space between the auxiliary lining and the lining is filled with bitumen.
  • this construction method additionally requires the dry masonry as a safety extension and requires a considerably longer construction time, since the lining can only be carried out from the bottom up after the sinking and the construction of the auxiliary construction.
  • the extension of the construction period leads to a further increase in the price, since the freezing units required to maintain the freezing of the ground must be operated during the entire construction period.
  • the invention has for its object to show a safer and more economical way to manufacture shaft linings according to the principle of sliding expansion.
  • this object is achieved in that the lining and the sliding layer are produced in the course of the progress of the depths, the material forming the sliding layer being introduced in a pasty state, after the introduction being converted into a solid physical state which during the construction period is suitable for the production of the lining is maintained and after the completion of the shaft is returned to the pasty state.
  • the basic idea of the invention is therefore to change the physical state of the material of the sliding layer of a sliding expansion from pasty to solid during construction, a shear-resistant connection between the Bring lining of the shaft and the mountains. This makes it possible to fix the finished part of the lining to the mountain so that the lining can be made from top to bottom in the course of the depth.
  • a prerequisite for the build-up of a hydrostatic pressure state is that a material is used for the sliding layer which has cohesion, but has no or only a very small angle of internal friction.
  • Such materials behave like a solid up to a certain limit, but above this limit like a plastic body.
  • bitumen for example, behaves like a plastic body without cohesion over the entire stress range.
  • a material with these properties is, for example, a mixture of a clay mineral, such as bentonite and water; if necessary, inert fillers can also be added to the mixture, e.g. B. rock flour, mainly quartz powder, limestone powder or the like.
  • B. rock flour mainly quartz powder, limestone powder or the like.
  • the mixing ratio of the components is chosen so that the paste-like mixture is held in the space between the lining and the mountain, which is open at the bottom, by the cohesion inherent in the mixture.
  • Such a mixture consolidates under external pressure, a certain water content being established as a function of this pressure.
  • the consolidation process is also associated with a reduction in volume. If the mixture is installed with the water content that corresponds to the later pressure state, it is constant in volume. However, if the water content is greater, the volume of the mixture decreases.
  • This property also enables a division of the earth pressure loads between a fuse removal and the actual lining.
  • the lining is coupled to the fuse removal, since if the deformations of the fuse removal increase disproportionately, additional pressure forces are transferred to the lining via the intermediate layer.
  • a shift of the earth pressure from the lining to the ground can be achieved by specifying an amount for the consolidation deformation. This amount is a function of the water content, the layer thickness, the filler content and the effective consolidation stress. This in turn corresponds to the earth pressure that is present after the load has been redistributed.
  • the water content of the mixture and / or the thickness of the layer are therefore expediently chosen so that the shifts corresponding to a predetermined partial relaxation of the rock can occur due to consolidation of the layer.
  • the use of a mixture with water as a solvent as the material for the sliding layer has the advantage that, with the same devices that are required to maintain the freezing body, the material of the sliding layer also Freezing can be brought. It ensures a firm connection between the interior and the mountains during the construction phase, during which the freezer must be maintained. After the freezing units have been switched off after the shaft has been completed and the floor has subsequently thawed, this firm connection changes back to the desired effect of a sliding expansion.
  • Icing of the material of the sliding layer can be left to the action of the outer freezing body. However, it can also be accelerated by carrying additional freezing units on the inside of the part of the lining that has already been produced, which act through the concrete of the lining on the underlying sliding layer or, what accelerates icing the most, can in the sliding layer itself Freeze pipes for a coolant circuit are carried, which are charged with the progress of the expansion with coolant.
  • the lining can be made of reinforced concrete; it can then be produced continuously by means of sliding formwork carried by a working platform or in sections by means of climbing formwork.
  • the lining can also be biased in the axial direction.
  • the longitudinal prestress should then be selected in such a way that both the compression compression of the concrete and the tensile elongation of the steel are used.
  • the lining can also consist of a steel jacket.
  • the process according to the invention can be used both without, as described above, and with auxiliary expansion. If, for safety reasons, an auxiliary expansion If necessary, he precedes the production of the actual lining.
  • Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a shaft in the course of manufacture
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section corresponding to Fig. 1 through a shaft with auxiliary expansion.
  • a freezer body 3 is first produced in the loose soil 2 in a manner known per se, in the protection of which the depth can then take place.
  • the depth is started on the terrain surface 4 in that an upper ring 5 is made of reinforced concrete, which secures the shaft mouth 6 and specifies the shaft wall with a cylindrical extension 7.
  • the depth is carried out in a manner known per se by means of a gripper 8, first of all from the surface 4 of the terrain, then from a working platform 9, which is lowered into the shaft on a traction cable 10.
  • the formwork 11 encloses an annular section 12 'of the lining 12 on the inside, on the outside and on the lower end face. It can be designed in the manner of a sliding formwork that is continuously pulled along, or also in the manner of a climbing formwork that is implemented in sections.
  • the formation of the formwork 11 is not the subject of the invention.
  • An annular space 14 remains between the outer surface of the lining 12 and the wall 13 of the rock 2, which is filled from top to bottom in the course of the production of the lining 12 with a material which in the final state has a sliding layer 15 between the rock 2 and the lining 12 forms.
  • This material consists of a pasty mixture of a clay mineral or the like, e.g. B. bentonite and water, the fillers for cost reasons, such as. B. rock powder, may be added. It is pressed into the intermediate space 14 from the upper end of the last section produced. It is distributed therein, but its cohesion and the adhesion to the lining 12 and / or to the wall 13 of the rock 2 prevent it from emerging from the space 14 which is open at the bottom.
  • the freezing units are switched off, so that when the freezing body 3 is thawed, the material of the sliding layer 15 also thaws and thus represents the desired sliding joint between the lining 12 and the rock 2.
  • FIG. 2 also indicates how an auxiliary extension 16 is carried ahead in the course of the depth and the manufacture of the lining 12.
  • the auxiliary extension 16 is manufactured in a manner known per se so that after reaching a certain depth a widening 17 is generated in the shaft wall 13, which serves as the foundation for a section 16 'of the brick auxiliary extension 16. This section 16 'is then brought up until it reaches the bricking of the section 16 "above it.
  • auxiliary lining 16 is then followed by the actual lining 12, the material forming the sliding layer 15 in turn being pressed into the space 18 between the auxiliary lining 16 and lining 12.
  • this shaft expansion is also the same as for the sliding shaft expansion described above.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
EP19850109261 1984-07-28 1985-07-24 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schachtes Expired EP0170199B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3427882 1984-07-28
DE19843427882 DE3427882A1 (de) 1984-07-28 1984-07-28 Verfahren zum herstellen eines roehrenfoermigen unterirdischen hohlraumes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0170199A2 EP0170199A2 (de) 1986-02-05
EP0170199A3 EP0170199A3 (en) 1987-04-22
EP0170199B1 true EP0170199B1 (de) 1988-11-23

Family

ID=6241807

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850109261 Expired EP0170199B1 (de) 1984-07-28 1985-07-24 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schachtes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0170199B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3427882A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106529000A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-03-22 徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司 一种矿山膏体充填协同处置污染土壤的方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8724262D0 (en) * 1987-10-15 1987-11-18 Caledonian Mining Co Ltd Lining bore holes
GB2338728B (en) * 1998-06-26 2002-08-07 Sprayed Concrete Ltd Shafts in substrates
CN120083517B (zh) * 2025-04-30 2025-07-18 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 一种竖井防渗水衬砌装置

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1040989B (de) * 1956-02-10 1958-10-16 Stamicarbon Schachtausbau
DE1051222B (de) * 1957-02-23 1959-02-26 Stamicarbon Verfahren zum Auffuellen des zwischen einem Schachtstoss und einer Schachtauskleidung vorhandenen Raums mit bituminoesem Werkstoff und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
DE1169873B (de) * 1960-05-12 1964-05-14 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Montage-Arbeitsbuehne mit mehreren Plattformen fuer Verbund-Schachtauskleidungen
DE1207908B (de) * 1961-05-31 1965-12-30 Deilmann Bergbau G M B H C Verfahren zum Verfuellen des Zwischenraumes zwischen Gebirge und Ausbauelementen vonSchaechten oder Bohrloechern mittels bituminoeser Massen
DE1484574A1 (de) * 1964-09-10 1969-05-08 Stump Bohr Ag Verfahren zur Dichtung von Baukoerpern
DE2055955C3 (de) * 1970-11-13 1980-06-19 Ut- Vasuttervezoe Vallalat, Budapest Verfahren zur Errichtung von Wandkonstruktionen
DE2823950C2 (de) * 1978-06-01 1981-09-24 Gewerkschaft Auguste Victoria, 4370 Marl Schachtausbau, insbesondere für den Ausbau tiefer Schächte in nicht standfestem, wasserführendem Gebirge
DE2831662B2 (de) * 1978-07-19 1981-01-15 Ausscheidung aus: 28 57 593 Ruhrkohle AG, 4300 Essen Ringausbau für Schächte, vorzugsweise Gefrierschächte des Berg- und Tunnelbaus
DE2904091C2 (de) * 1979-02-03 1983-10-06 Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen Ringausbau für im vorläufig verfestigten, vorzugsweise im gefrorenen Gebirge abgeteufte Schächte des Berg- und Tunnelbaus
DE2922327C2 (de) * 1979-06-01 1982-10-07 Gewerkschaft Auguste Victoria, 4370 Marl Schachtausbau, insbesondere für den Ausbau im Gefrierverfahren abgeteufter Schächte in nicht standfestem, wasserführendem Gebirge

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106529000A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-03-22 徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司 一种矿山膏体充填协同处置污染土壤的方法
CN106529000B (zh) * 2016-10-28 2020-03-20 徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司 一种矿山膏体充填协同处置污染土壤的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3427882A1 (de) 1986-02-06
DE3427882C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-09-03
EP0170199A2 (de) 1986-02-05
EP0170199A3 (en) 1987-04-22

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