EP0169152B1 - Modulartiger Kathodenblock und Kathode mit geringem Spannungsverlust für Hall-Heroult-Elektrolyseöfen - Google Patents

Modulartiger Kathodenblock und Kathode mit geringem Spannungsverlust für Hall-Heroult-Elektrolyseöfen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0169152B1
EP0169152B1 EP85420107A EP85420107A EP0169152B1 EP 0169152 B1 EP0169152 B1 EP 0169152B1 EP 85420107 A EP85420107 A EP 85420107A EP 85420107 A EP85420107 A EP 85420107A EP 0169152 B1 EP0169152 B1 EP 0169152B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
blocks
electrolysis tank
block
tank according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85420107A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0169152A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Langon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto France SAS
Original Assignee
Aluminium Pechiney SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aluminium Pechiney SA filed Critical Aluminium Pechiney SA
Priority to AT85420107T priority Critical patent/ATE30746T1/de
Publication of EP0169152A1 publication Critical patent/EP0169152A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0169152B1 publication Critical patent/EP0169152B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tank for the production of aluminum by electrolysis of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite, according to the Hall-Héroult process, the cathode of which consists of modular carbonaceous cathode blocks, with low voltage drop.
  • the cathode of a Hall-Héroult electrolysis tank is formed by the juxtaposition of a set of carbonaceous blocks, provided, at their lower base, with one (or sometimes two) open groove (s) in which are sealed, generally by casting, steel bars of square, rectangular or circular section, on which are connected the connecting conductors between the successive tanks forming a series.
  • These blocks are generally joined by a carbonaceous paste known as pot lining paste, not very conductive of the current, and the thickness of which is several centimeters.
  • carbon blocks with two narrow grooves are also used which have the advantage of increasing the contact surface for sealing without weakening the block too much when it is subjected to the thermal stresses of the electrolyser. A minimum distance must then be observed between the edge of the block and the nearest groove, which limits the possible cross-section of the steel bars.
  • the construction of the cathode is always carried out by placing the blocks parallel to the short side of the metal box, so that the cathode outlets (ends of the iron bars which protrude outside the box, and on which the connecting conductors between tanks are connected), are always on the long side of the tank, that the tanks are arranged lengthwise or crosswise with respect to the axis of the series.
  • the present invention is based on a new design of cathodes which can be described as “modular”, because it adapts, by varying the number of modules, to any size of tank which is an integer multiple of the dimensions of the module .
  • this tank comprising a parallelepiped metal box supporting a cathode on which the sheet of liquid aluminum is formed, this cathode being constituted by the juxtaposition of parallelepipedal carbonaceous blocks, of elongated shape, having a ratio of the length of the major axis to width at least equal to two, and in which is cut at least one groove in which is sealed a steel bar arranged parallel to the short side of the box and which is connected to at least one cathode collector, characterized in that the sealing grooves are cut in the direction perpendicular to the long axis of the block, which is itself arranged parallel to the long side of the box.
  • a cathode half-module By associating, by gluing on a large lateral face, a first cathode block, with at least a second block, a cathode half-module is formed, the width of which corresponds to the half width of the cathode.
  • a cathode module By combining two half-modules, by a means such as bonding, a cathode module is formed, the width of which corresponds to the width of the cathode.
  • Figure 1 is a reminder of the prior art.
  • FIGS 2 to 5 illustrate the implementation of the invention itself.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically and partially in plan the cathode of an electrolytic cell according to the current technique.
  • the cathode blocks (1) are arranged parallel to the short side (2) of the metal box which supports the cathode of the electrolysis tank.
  • These blocks are of elongated parallelepiped shape with a long axis AA ′, the height h and the width I generally being of the order of 300 to 700 mm, and the length of the order of 2 meters and beyond.
  • the length to width ratio is, in most cases, greater than 2 and can reach 4 to 8.
  • the height and width are often in a ratio little different from 1.
  • each block (1) comprises two bars (3) often each constituted, in practice, by two half-bars (3A) and (3B) which may - or may not - be joined in their central part. (4). At their end (5), on the outside, the cathode bars are connected to one or more lateral conductors such as (6) connected to the anode frame of the next tank in the series. The bars are most often sealed with cast iron in one or two longitudinal grooves (7) of the block (1).
  • the successive cathode blocks are sealed by a hot-grouted pot lining joint (8), which seals the entire cathode against infiltration of liquid aluminum and molten electrolyte , tightness on which the life of the tank closely depends.
  • the cathode blocks (10) are arranged so that their major axis AA 'is parallel to the long side (11) of the box and to its major axis XX'.
  • the cathode bars (3) and the outlets (5), as well as the collector (6) keep the same arrangement, but the grooves (12) are now cut across the cathode block, parallel to its short side, therefore perpendicular to its major axis AA '.
  • Each “cathode half-module is constituted by the association of two blocks (10A) and (10B) previously assembled by a means such as bonding (9), the positioning and sealing of the cathode bars being effected by the usual processes such as sealing with cast iron or, more rarely, carbonaceous paste.
  • the two half-modules (10A-10B) and (10C-10D) are grouted in the usual way, by pot lining (13), or preferably by gluing. This jointing can be carried out before or after installation in the box.
  • This first module cathodic is then completed by n identical modules grouted with pot lining (8), depending on the type of tank.
  • a cathode for a 180,000 amp cell for example, can be constructed from three successive modules. Although half modules have been described, each consisting of two blocks, this example does not constitute a limitation of the invention.
  • Each of the two blocks constituting a cathode half-module (10A) and (10B) can be of identical composition, that is to say obtained from the same carbonaceous paste, or of different composition, so as to give one of them has special properties, for example a different thermal or electrical conductivity.
  • the external block (10A) can, for example, be of the conventional type (pitch + anthracite grains), having at 900 ° C. an electrical resistivity of the order of 4.4 - 10 -3 ⁇ cm and a thermal conductivity At the order of 0.03 W / cm / ° C, while the inner block (10B) can be of the “semi-graphite” type, having at 900 ° C, an electrical resistivity of 2.8 ⁇ 10 - 3 ⁇ cm and a thermal conductivity ⁇ of 0.23 W / cm / ° C.
  • the external block (10A) can itself be made up of two parts, the external part (10E) being made of material with relatively low thermal conductivity, so as to reduce the heat flow drained towards the outside by the carbon blocks and thus improve the thermal balance of the electrolyser.
  • sections of the sealing grooves (12) may all be of equal width, or some, in particular those of the ends, may be different, for example in order to have a constant spacing between the holes provided in the side wall of the box. , through which the cathode bars come out.
  • the cathode blocks constituting the cathode it is possible, on at least part of the surface of the cathode blocks constituting the cathode, to incorporate a substance which makes them wettable by liquid aluminum. This incorporation can be superficial or concern all or part of the cathode blocks.
  • the useful cathode surface is increased due to the replacement of the pot lining joints 30 to 40 mm wide - electrically not very conductive - by glued joints of very small thickness, of the order of a millimeter.
  • FIG. 5 which represents, on a scale of approximately 1/20 °, vertical sections of cathode blocks according to the prior art (5A) and (5B), and according to the invention (5C), it can be seen that the we go, for a given vertical section, from 36.8 dm of sealing contact length and 17.16 dm2 of steel and cast iron section for case 5A, to 29.2 dm of contact length and 26.4 dm2 of section for case 5B, and at 41.6 dm of contact length and 25.08 dm 2 of section for case 5C.
  • the invention is compatible with the use of cathode surfaces wettable by liquid aluminum.
  • the invention has been implemented on several tanks of a series operating at 180,000 amperes, by constituting the cathode from half-modules made up of two “semi-graphite” blocks in accordance with the drawing in FIG. 5C.
  • the maximum gain obtained is 61 mV, which corresponds to almost 200 kWh less per tonne of aluminum produced. This gain was obtained for half by the use of “semi-graphite blocks with lower resistivity, and for half by the implementation of the invention of modular cathode block.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Elektrolysewanne für die Erzeugung von Aluminium nach dem Hall-Héroult-Verfahren mit Kathodenblöcken mit geringem Spannungsabfall, welche Wanne aus einem metallischen parallelepipedischen Kasten gebildet ist, der eine Kathode trägt, auf der sich die Aluminiumschmelzenschicht bildet, wobei diese Kathode durch die Nebeneinanderanordnung von kohlenstoffhaltigen parallelepipedischen Blöcken länglicher Form mit einem Verhältnis der Länge der großen Achse zur Breite von wenigstens zwei gebildet ist und in denen wenigstens eine Nut eingeschnitten ist, in der eine parallel zur kleinen Seite des Kastens parallel angeordnete Stahlstange eingesiegelt ist, deren Ende über die große Seite des Kastens vorragt und mit wenigstens einem Kathodenkollektor verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einsiegelungsnuten (12) in der zur großen Achse (AA') des Blocks (10) senkrechten Richtung eingeschnitten sind, der selbst parallel zur großen Seite (11) des Kastens angeordnet ist.
2. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Block (10) an einer großen Seitenfläche durch Kleben mit wenigstens einem zweiten Block zur Bildung eines kathodischen Halbmoduls (10A, 10B) verbunden ist, dessen Breite der Halbbreite der Kathode entspricht.
3. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie wenigstens einen kathodischen Modul, dessen Breite der Breite der Kathode entspricht, aufweist, der durch die Verbindung von zwei Halbmoduln (10A, 10B), (10C, 10D) gebildet ist.
4. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Halbmodul (10A, 10B) aus Blöcken gebildet ist, die aus derselben kohlenstoffhaltigen Paste erhalten wurden und genaue gleiche thermische und/oder elektrische Eigenschaften aufweisen.
5. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Halbmodul (10A. 10B) aus Blöcken gebildet ist, die untereinander verschiedene thermische und/oder elektrische Eigenschaften aufweisen.
6. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Einsiegelungsnuten (12) der Blöcke (10) eine gleiche Breite haben.
7. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einige der Einsiegelungsnuten (12) desselben Blocks (10) von den anderen verschiedene Breiten haben.
8. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ihre Kathode durch die Nebeneinanderanordnung von wenigstens zwei Moduln (10A, 10B, 10C, 10D) in derselben Ebene gebildet ist.
9. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Halbmoduln (10A, 10B) und die Moduln (10A, 10B, 10C, 10D) durch ein Mittel verbunden sind, das zwischen dem Kleben und dem Verfugen mit der Kohlenlöschepaste gewählt ist.
10. Elektrolysewanne nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Kathodenblock (10) einen Oberflächenüberzug aufweist, der wenigstens 30 % Titandiborid enthält.
EP85420107A 1984-06-13 1985-06-11 Modulartiger Kathodenblock und Kathode mit geringem Spannungsverlust für Hall-Heroult-Elektrolyseöfen Expired EP0169152B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85420107T ATE30746T1 (de) 1984-06-13 1985-06-11 Modulartiger kathodenblock und kathode mit geringem spannungsverlust fuer hall-heroultelektrolyse¯fen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8410557 1984-06-13
FR8410557A FR2566002B1 (fr) 1984-06-13 1984-06-13 Bloc cathodique modulaire et cathode a faible chute de tension pour cuves d'electrolyse hall-heroult

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0169152A1 EP0169152A1 (de) 1986-01-22
EP0169152B1 true EP0169152B1 (de) 1987-11-11

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ID=9305754

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EP85420107A Expired EP0169152B1 (de) 1984-06-13 1985-06-11 Modulartiger Kathodenblock und Kathode mit geringem Spannungsverlust für Hall-Heroult-Elektrolyseöfen

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (1) US4605481A (de)
EP (1) EP0169152B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6144192A (de)
CN (1) CN85104565A (de)
AT (1) ATE30746T1 (de)
AU (1) AU568748B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8502797A (de)
DE (1) DE3560953D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8604318A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2566002B1 (de)
GR (1) GR851407B (de)
HU (1) HU192227B (de)
IS (1) IS1290B6 (de)
NO (1) NO852366L (de)
OA (1) OA08034A (de)
PL (1) PL253887A1 (de)
RO (1) RO92424B (de)
SU (1) SU1342427A3 (de)
YU (1) YU96685A (de)
ZA (1) ZA854425B (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2606428B1 (fr) * 1986-11-10 1989-02-03 Pechiney Aluminium Procede et dispositif de scellement, sous precontrainte, de barres cathodiques
US5286359A (en) * 1991-05-20 1994-02-15 Reynolds Metals Company Alumina reduction cell
RU2209856C1 (ru) * 2002-02-28 2003-08-10 Леонов Виктор Васильевич Катодное устройство алюминиевого электролизера
NO20053072D0 (no) * 2005-06-22 2005-06-22 Norsk Hydro As Fremgangsmate og anordning for aluminium produksjon.
DE102010041081B4 (de) * 2010-09-20 2015-10-29 Sgl Carbon Se Kathode für Elektrolysezellen
DE102011004014A1 (de) * 2011-02-11 2012-08-16 Sgl Carbon Se Kathodenblock mit einer Hartstoff enthaltenden Deckschicht
DE102011004013A1 (de) * 2011-02-11 2012-08-16 Sgl Carbon Se Graphitierter Kathodenblock mit einer abrasionsbeständigen Oberfläche
EP2650404B1 (de) * 2012-04-12 2018-01-10 SGL CFL CE GmbH Elektrolysezelle, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Aluminium
CA2893476C (en) * 2012-12-13 2018-01-16 Sgl Carbon Se Side-wall block for a wall in an electrolytic cell for reducing aluminium
CN110760887B (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-07-31 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 氧铝联产电解用的电极结构
CN111390065B (zh) * 2020-03-24 2021-05-18 陈思涵 一种机械用钢筋等长切割设备

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728109A (en) * 1952-06-06 1955-12-27 Savoie Electrodes Refract Method of making cathodic electrodes for electrolysis furnaces
CA968744A (en) * 1970-12-12 1975-06-03 Kurt Lauer Cathode for the winning of aluminum
DE2105247C3 (de) * 1971-02-04 1980-06-12 Schweizerische Aluminium Ag, Zuerich (Schweiz) Ofen für die Schmelzflußelektrolyse von Aluminium
US4076610A (en) * 1975-07-10 1978-02-28 Elettrocarbonium S.P.A. Cathode in cells for producing aluminium by electrolysis of smelted salts thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2566002B1 (fr) 1986-11-21
HUT38404A (en) 1986-05-28
AU568748B2 (en) 1988-01-07
OA08034A (fr) 1987-01-31
AU4360885A (en) 1985-12-19
PL253887A1 (en) 1986-04-08
FR2566002A1 (fr) 1985-12-20
ATE30746T1 (de) 1987-11-15
JPS6144192A (ja) 1986-03-03
RO92424B (ro) 1987-10-02
US4605481A (en) 1986-08-12
NO852366L (no) 1985-12-16
IS1290B6 (is) 1987-07-07
DE3560953D1 (en) 1987-12-17
IS3019A7 (is) 1985-12-14
SU1342427A3 (ru) 1987-09-30
GR851407B (de) 1985-07-12
ES544091A0 (es) 1986-01-16
YU96685A (en) 1988-04-30
EP0169152A1 (de) 1986-01-22
ZA854425B (en) 1986-01-29
HU192227B (en) 1987-05-28
BR8502797A (pt) 1986-02-18
RO92424A (ro) 1987-09-30
CN85104565A (zh) 1986-12-10
ES8604318A1 (es) 1986-01-16

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