EP0148423B1 - Dispositif d'alimentation de munitions dans un véhicule blindé - Google Patents

Dispositif d'alimentation de munitions dans un véhicule blindé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0148423B1
EP0148423B1 EP84114868A EP84114868A EP0148423B1 EP 0148423 B1 EP0148423 B1 EP 0148423B1 EP 84114868 A EP84114868 A EP 84114868A EP 84114868 A EP84114868 A EP 84114868A EP 0148423 B1 EP0148423 B1 EP 0148423B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
mechanism according
mother
cylinder unit
containers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84114868A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0148423A3 (en
EP0148423A2 (fr
Inventor
Gert Dipl.-Ing. Kausträter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH filed Critical KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH
Priority to AT84114868T priority Critical patent/ATE30191T1/de
Publication of EP0148423A2 publication Critical patent/EP0148423A2/fr
Publication of EP0148423A3 publication Critical patent/EP0148423A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0148423B1 publication Critical patent/EP0148423B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for supplying bullet ammunition in an armored vehicle, which has a rotatable turret with a weapon carrier, which carries its cartridge magazine designed as a container releasably locked sideways, below, above or backwards, a container transport path being provided within the vehicle is inside which there is a container reloading station, which is arranged under an opening in the armored roof so that it is in alignment with the container connection on the weapon carrier at an index position when the turret is rotated and at an index position when the weapon carrier is at an angle, the distance between them is bridged by means of transport.
  • the container transport path is filled by the successive insertion of filled reserve containers which are brought into the combat area by appropriate ammunition vehicles. If there are empty-shot containers in the container transport lane, they must first be removed individually before they can be refilled. The entire process of ammunition is therefore cumbersome, time-consuming and therefore also dangerous, and the more dangerous, the longer an armored vehicle is immobile during ammunition and possibly also incapable of fighting, not to mention the loss of firepower due to longer pauses in combat, which during the time that needs ammunition to be forced by it.
  • the object on which the invention is based is seen in creating a device of the type mentioned, in which the ammunition process can be carried out more easily, quickly and conveniently with a lower degree of danger and at the same time less loss of firepower.
  • the container transport track is installed in a mother container which can be inserted into the same through a closable opening in the side wall, the rear wall or the ceiling of the armored vehicle.
  • the invention makes it possible to accomplish the process of ammunitioning a more or less empty armored vehicle by simply and quickly replacing a single container, namely a mother container, which has the transport path with a plurality of filled containers inside.
  • the ammunition vehicle only needs to drive up to the armored vehicle to be ammunitioned, to remove the empty mother container through the respective opening in the side wall, the rear wall or the ceiling of the armored vehicle, and to insert a new mother container filled with full containers to make the armored vehicle simple, fast and ready to be ready for action again.
  • the mother container expediently has an optionally closable opening above its reloading station, through which the containers can be brought by the means of transport to the container connection on the weapon carrier and possibly back again.
  • two container reloading stations are provided below two openings in the armored ceiling of the armored vehicle, which are aligned with two container connections located on both sides of the weapon carrier, on which two containers can be arranged in a releasably locked manner, which may have two different types of ammunition, e.g. Explosive ammunition on the one hand and armor-piercing ammunition or penetration ammunition on the other hand, then two mother containers are expediently available, each of which can be inserted in a cartridge-like holder arranged in an armored vehicle, which in turn can be pivoted about a vertical axis. This is particularly advantageous where the mother containers are behind the operator's seats so that they block the passage backwards.
  • two mother containers are expediently available, each of which can be inserted in a cartridge-like holder arranged in an armored vehicle, which in turn can be pivoted about a vertical axis. This is particularly advantageous where the mother containers are behind the operator's seats so that they block the passage backwards.
  • the pivoting of the mother container ensures that the operating team can get into the rear part of the armored vehicle and, if necessary, backwards into the open.
  • the axis of each holder is arranged near the vertical center plane of the armored vehicle in the rear corner area of a mother container. In this way, one mother container can be swiveled through 180 ° and swiveled onto the rear wall of the other mother container, so that it is completely swiveled out of its previous operating position.
  • the container transport track consists of a single, straight, horizontal track section.
  • the container transport track consists of a plurality of track sections adjoining one another at an angle, which in no way have to be arranged exclusively horizontally.
  • the container transport track advantageously consists of four track sections, two of which are arranged next to one another essentially vertically and two above one another essentially horizontally.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 An armored vehicle 1 is only partially indicated in FIGS. 1 to 4. It has a rotatable turret 2 with a weapon carrier 3, which carries its cartridge magazine, designed as a container 4, releasably locked sideways in a manner not known and known per se.
  • the container 4 can be arranged sideways on the weapon carrier, but it goes without saying that the container 4 could be arranged at any point of the weapon carrier 3 that is possible for this purpose, that is to say also below, behind or above.
  • a container transport track 5 is provided, within which there is a container reloading station 6, which is arranged under an opening 7 of the armored roof 8 in such a way that it is at an index position when the turret 2 is in a rotational position and when the weapon carrier is at an angle 3 is aligned in an index position with the container connection located at 9 on the weapon carrier.
  • the two index positions are given by the longitudinal center plane 18 'on the one hand (rotational position) and by the zero elevation on the other hand (height angle position).
  • the distance between the reloading station 6 and the container connection 9 is bridged by means of transport, which are indicated in FIG. 1 by the two arrows 10, 10 '.
  • transport which are indicated in FIG. 1 by the two arrows 10, 10 '.
  • the container 4 located in the reloading station 6 can be brought up to the container connection 9, where the container is locked and supplies the machine gun indicated by the weapon barrel 11 with ammunition.
  • the container 4 If the container 4 is shot empty in its dashed position on the weapon carrier 3, it is returned to its original position by the transport means 10, 10 ', whereupon it makes room for the following filled container 4' in the direction of the arrow 20, so that the container 4 'can move into its place in the reloading station 6 in the direction of the arrow 19 in order to be able to be brought back to and from the container connection 9 by the transport means 10, 10'.
  • the container transport track 5 is now installed in a mother container 12 which can be inserted into the same through an closable opening 13 in the side wall, the rear wall or the ceiling of the armored vehicle 1.
  • the closable opening 13 is provided in the side wall 14.
  • Each parent container 12 has, above its reloading station 6, an optionally closable opening 7 'for the passage of a filled reserve container 4' to the container connection 9 or the empty container 4 back into the reloading station 6, which is indicated in FIGS. 3 and 5.
  • two container reloading stations 6 are provided below two openings 7 in the tank top 8, which are aligned with two container connections 9 located on both sides of the weapon carrier 3, on which two containers 4 can be arranged in a releasably locked manner.
  • This is of particular advantage in the case of the type of tower shown, in which the weapon carrier 3 is held between two shield cheeks 15, 15 ', by means of which the weapon carrier 3 is mounted on the armored turret 2.
  • each mother container 12, 12 ' each of which can be inserted into a holder 16, 16' arranged in the armored vehicle 1, which in turn can be pivoted about a vertical axis 17, 17 '.
  • These axes 17, 17 'of each holder 16, 16' are each arranged near the vertical central plane 18 '(FIG. 2) of the armored vehicle 1 in the corner region of a mother container 12, 12'.
  • Fig. 2 e.g. Swivel the mother container 12 in the direction of arrow A into the dot-dash position on the rear of the mother container 12 '.
  • the container transport track 5 expediently consists of a plurality of track sections adjoining one another at an angle, in the preferred embodiment shown four track sections 18, 19, 20 and 21, which are indicated in FIG. 1 by means of corresponding arrows.
  • the two path sections 18 and 20 are arranged next to each other essentially vertically and the two path sections 19 and 21 one above the other are arranged substantially horizontally.
  • One of the vertical track sections, namely the track section 20, is arranged below the opening 7 of the armored cover 8, is aligned in the position shown (index positions) with the respective container connection 9 and has the reloading station 6 at its upper end.
  • Each container 4 or 4 ' can be slid or rolled on the horizontal track sections 19, 21 and raised or lowered on the vertical track sections 18, 20.
  • the two horizontal track sections 19, 21 are roller tracks and the two vertical track sections 18, 20 are double chain conveyors 22, which run in opposite directions to one another. 23, which revolve endlessly around corresponding sprockets 24.
  • the upper roller path is formed by two roller strips 25, 26 arranged parallel to the web section 19 (FIGS. 5 to 7), which move inwards and upwards about their longitudinal axes 27, 28 to bear their rollers 29 on two sides of each container 4 and 4, respectively 'arranged support rails 30 are pivotable.
  • a reciprocable piston-cylinder unit 31 is provided with a driver 32 engaging the respective container 4 'for conveying the container 4' into the empty reloading station 6.
  • the lower roller path is formed by a plurality of ball rollers 33, on which the bottoms 34 of the containers 4 can be displaced by means of a further reciprocable piston-cylinder unit 35.
  • the double chain conveyors 22, 23 have support lugs 36 which cooperate with corresponding supports 37 on the containers 4 (FIGS. 6, 7).
  • the longitudinal axes 27, 28 of the roller strips 25, 26 are arranged in a plane which lies above that plane in which the support rails 30 of a container 4 'are arranged when the latter is in its uppermost position on the corresponding support lugs 36 of a double chain conveyor 22, 23 is arranged such that when the roller strips 25, 26 are pivoted inward and upward, the container 4 can be lifted from the corresponding support lugs 36 on the respective double chain conveyor 22, 23 in each case in the direction of the arrow B or B '(FIG. 6).
  • the means of transport 10, 10 'for bridging the distance between the reloading station 6 and the container connection 9 is, in the embodiment shown, a substantially parallel to the vertical web section 20, which has the reloading station 6 at its upper end, is directed towards the web section 20 from the same swiveling lift piston-cylinder unit 39 for actuating an extendable gripping end 40 for gripping a holder 41 arranged on the container 4 and for lifting the container 4 and for lowering it after being fired through the opening 7 of the armored deck 8 and of course the opening 7 ' of the mother container 12 through.
  • the lifting piston-cylinder unit 39 can be pivoted within the mother container 12, 12 'about a first transverse axis 47 arranged in the bottom region thereof (FIGS. 5 and 5A).
  • the gripping end 40 is arranged at the upper end of the extension element 44 of a telescopic support 45 which has at least one guide element 46 which can be pivoted in the base region of the mother container 12, 12 'about a second transverse axis 48 which is parallel to the first transverse axis 47 and is spaced apart therefrom .
  • the free end 49 of the piston rod 50 of the lift piston-cylinder unit 39 acts on the extension element 44 via a joint 51.
  • the distance d between the two transverse axes 47, 48 is selected such that the lift piston-cylinder unit 39 and the telescopic support 45 mutually lock in the pivoting direction F in a position of the telescopic support that is essentially parallel to the vertical path section 20 before the gripping end 40 on the Bracket 41 comes to rest.
  • an extension 53 of the extension element 44 rests in the lower region of the wall of the container 4 'and slides into the position shown in FIG. 5 as soon as the gripping end 40 comes to bear on the holder 41.
  • the container 4 ' is subsequently raised, it is thus supported by the shoulder 53 and maintains the position shown when the extension element 44 of the telescopic support 45 is extended until it can be locked at the container connection of the weapon carrier 3, not shown.
  • the adjacent wall 12a of the mother container 12 then forms a stop for the lift piston-cylinder unit 39.
  • the container 4 'still resting on the support lugs 36 is shown in solid lines in FIG. 7, while the container 4' raised by the roller strips 25, 26 is shown in broken lines in FIG. 6. 5 shows both positions for clarification, although in reality only one or the other position is always possible after the roller strips 25, 26 extend over the entire length of the web section 19.
  • the mother container 12 or 12 'shown can also be completely filled, i.e. can have six individual containers, if it should not be necessary to bring an empty container 4 or 4 'back into the mother container. This is the case when the shield cheeks 15, 15 'have side flaps, not shown, which can swing out and enable the ejection of empty containers 4 and 4' in the direction of the arrows C and C '. Then the removal of the first container 4 from the loading station and the freeing of a position within the mother container 12, 12 'already allows the further transport of the containers 4 in the mother containers 12 and 12' on the track sections 18, 19, 20, 21 along the transport path 5 in the manner described.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 show the insertion and removal of mother containers 12, 12 'in the direction of the double arrows D.
  • Piston-cylinder units 31 and 35 are used in the manner described for moving the containers 4, 4 'on the track sections 19 and 21 on the roller strips 25, 26 and on the ball rollers 33, respectively. It goes without saying that the necessary hydraulic pressure medium, in a known manner, is provided on the mother containers 12, 12 ', which can be connected to corresponding pressure medium connections on the armored vehicle, in such a way that a connection to the hydraulic system of the armored vehicle is provided .
  • the double chain conveyors 22, 23 are preferably driven electrically by means of electric motors 52 (FIGS. 6 and 7). It goes without saying that connection options (not shown) must also be present on the mother containers 12, 12 'in order to enable the supply of electrical current from the electrical system of the armored vehicle. The required hydraulic or electrical connections can be made either by hand or automatically when or after inserting or inserting the mother containers 12, 12 'into their holders 16, 16'.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Intermediate Stations On Conveyors (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)

Claims (19)

1. Dispositif pour l'alimentation en munitions d'un véhicule blindé (1), qui présente une tourelle oscillante (2) avec un support d'armement (3) qui porte son magasin de munitions faisant office de conteneur (4), verrouillé de façon amovible latéralement, en dessous, en dessus ou en arrière, un couloir de transport (5) pour le conteneur étant prévu à l'intérieur du véhicule, dans lequel se trouve une station de rechargement du conteneur (6), qui est fixée sous une ouverture du toit du blindé de sorte qu'en position de rotation de la tourelle (2) sur une position-indice et en position d'angle d'ascension du support d'armement (3) sur une position-indice elle est alignée avec le raccordement de conteneur se trouvant sur le support d'armement, la distance étant couverte par un moyen de transport (10, 10'), caractérisé en ce que le couloir de transport du conteneur (5) est monté dans un conteneur distributeur (12, 12') qui est adaptable au travers d'une ouverture à verrouillage (13) sur la paroi latérale (14), la paroi arrière ou le toit du blindé (1) de la même façon.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le conteneur distributeur (12) présente une ouverture avec possibilité de verrouillage (7) au-dessus de la station de rechargement (6).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2 avec deux stations de rechargement de conteneur au-dessous de deux ouvertures dans le toit du blindé qui sont dans l'axe de deux raccordements de conteneurs se trouvant sur les deux côtés du support d'armement, auxquels viennent se fixer deux conteneurs verrouillés amovibles, caractérisé par la présence de deux conteneurs-distributeurs (12, 12'), chacun d'entre eux pouvant être encastré dans un support (16, 16') fixé dans le véhicule blindé (1) comme un caisson, pouvant lui-même pivoter autour d'un axe vertical (17, 17').
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'axe (17, 17') de chaque support (16, 16') est fixé respectivement près du plan moyen vertical (18') du véhicule blindé (1) dans une zone d'angle d'un conteneur distributeur (12, 12').
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le couloir de transport du conteneur (5) est constitué par plusieurs segments de voie se raccordant angulairement entre elles.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que quatre segments de voie (18, 19, 20, 21 ) sont prévus, dont deux (18, 20) sont fixés l'un à côté de l'autre essentiellement verticalement, et deux (19, 21) l'un au-dessus de l'autre essentiellement horizontalement.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'un des segments de voie vertical (20), sous l'ouverture du toit du blindé (8), est aligné avec le raccordement du conteneur (9) et présente à son extrémité supérieure la station de rechargement (6).
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que chaque conteneur (4, 4') est mobile par glissement ou roulement sur les segments de voie horizontaux (19, 21) et peut être soulevé ou plutôt incliné sur les segments de voie verticaux (18,20).
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les deux segments de voie horizontaux (19, 21) sont des chemins de roulement et les deux segments de voie verticaux (18, 20) sont des convoyeurs à double chaîne (22, 23') roulant allant l'une et l'autre dans le sens opposé.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le chemin de roulement supérieur est formé de deux bandes à rouleaux (25, 26) fixées parallèlement au segment de voie (19), qui sont déplaçables chaque fois autour de leurs axes longitudinaux (27, 28) en dedans et en montant pour l'installation de leurs rouleaux (29) sur deux rails porteurs (30) fixés des deux côtés de chaque conteneur (4).
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un ensemble cylindre piston (31 ) mobile dans un sens comme dans l'autre, parallèle au chemin de roulement supérieur avec un doigt (32) entraînant chaque conteneur (4), est prévu pour le transport du conteneur (4) dans la station de rechargement vide (6) ou hors de la station de rechargement renfermant un conteneur vide.
12. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le chemin de roulement inférieur est constitué par un ensemble de roulements à billes (33), sur lesquels les fonds (34) des conteneurs (4) sont déplaçables grâce à un autre ensemble cylindre piston mobile (35) dans les deux sens.
13. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les convoyeurs à double chaîne (22, 23) présentent des taquets (36) porteurs qui coopèrent avec les appuis correspondants (37) sur les conteneurs (4).
14. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les axes lingitudinaux (27, 28) des bandes à rouleaux (25, 26) sont fixés dans un plan qui est situé au-dessus de celui contenant les rails porteurs (30) d'un conteneur (4), quand celui-ci est fixé dans sa position la plus haute sur les taquets porteurs correspondants (36) d'un convoyeur à double chaîne (22, 23), de sorte que lors du basculement des guides à rouleaux (23, 26) vers l'intérieur et vers le haut, le conteneur (4) peut être soulevé par les taquets porteurs correspondants (36) sur le convoyeur à double chaîne correspondant (22, 23).
15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de transport (10, 10') pour couvrir la distance entre la station de rechargement (6) et le raccordement du conteneur (9) présente un ensemble cylindre piston élévateur (39) qui est essentiellement parallèle au segment de voie vertical (20) possédant à son extrémité supérieure la station de rechargement (6) et est orientable sur le segment de voie (20) pour actionner un organe de prise déplaçable (40) destiné à accrocher un support (41) placé sur le conteneur (4) et à soulever et abaisser celui-ci après le tir à vide par l'ouverture (7) du toit du blindé (8).
16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble cylindre piston élévateur (39) peut pivoter à l'intérieur du conteneur distributeur (12, 12') autour d'un premier axe transversal (47) situé dans la zone de fond de ce conteneur.
17. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de prise (40) est placé à l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément d'extraction (44) d'un support télescopique (45) qui présente au moins un élément de guidage (46) qui peut pivoter dans la zone de fond du conteneur distributeur (12, 12') autour d'un deuxième axe transversal (48) parallèle au premier axe transversal (47) et à une distance (d) de celui-ci, l'extrémité libre (49) de la tige de piston (50) de l'ensemble cylindre piston élévateur (39) accrochant ainsi l'extracteur (44) par une articulation (51).
18. Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que la distance (d) entre les deux axes transversaux (47, 48) est choisie de telle façon que l'ensemble cylindre piston élévateur (39) et le support télescopique (45) se verrouillent mutuellement dans le sens du pivotement (F), dans une position dans laquelle le support télescopique (45) est essentiellement parallèle au segment de voie vertical (20), avant que l'organe de prise (40) soit en place sur le support (41).
19. Dispositif selon la revendication 17 ou 18, caractérisé en ce que dans le sens du pivotement (G) la paroi adjacente (12a) du conteneur distributeur (12) forme une butée pour l'ensemble cylindre piston élévateur (39).
EP84114868A 1983-12-29 1984-12-06 Dispositif d'alimentation de munitions dans un véhicule blindé Expired EP0148423B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84114868T ATE30191T1 (de) 1983-12-29 1984-12-06 Vorrichtung zum zufuehren von geschossmunition in einem panzerfahrzeug.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3347390 1983-12-29
DE3347390 1983-12-29
DE3411555A DE3411555C2 (de) 1983-12-29 1984-03-29 Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von Geschoßmunition in einem Panzerfahrzeug
DE3411555 1984-03-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0148423A2 EP0148423A2 (fr) 1985-07-17
EP0148423A3 EP0148423A3 (en) 1986-04-09
EP0148423B1 true EP0148423B1 (fr) 1987-10-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84114868A Expired EP0148423B1 (fr) 1983-12-29 1984-12-06 Dispositif d'alimentation de munitions dans un véhicule blindé

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Country Link
US (1) US4662264A (fr)
EP (1) EP0148423B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1239043A (fr)
DE (2) DE3411555C2 (fr)

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DE4136187C2 (de) * 1991-11-02 1996-04-04 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Magazin zur Aufnahme von Munition
DE102006037337A1 (de) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Waffenanlage
DE202009007415U1 (de) 2009-05-25 2010-08-26 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Modularer Waffenträger
IL200036A (en) * 2009-07-23 2015-02-26 Rafael Advanced Defense Sys A system and method for protecting a remote controlled weapon position
IL204088A0 (en) * 2010-02-21 2010-12-30 Elbit Systems Ltd Ammunition magazine and loading device thereof
SA115360300B1 (ar) 2014-02-14 2017-08-29 ميريل افياشين، انك. نظام منصة سلاح نموذجية
SE541259C2 (sv) * 2016-06-21 2019-05-21 Bae Systems Bofors Ab System och förfarande för påfyllning av ammunition till ett primärmagasin i en automatkanon
DE102020104466B4 (de) * 2020-02-20 2023-02-02 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Geschosslift

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3466735D1 (en) 1987-11-12
US4662264A (en) 1987-05-05
EP0148423A3 (en) 1986-04-09
EP0148423A2 (fr) 1985-07-17
DE3411555C2 (de) 1986-05-07
CA1239043A (fr) 1988-07-12
DE3411555A1 (de) 1985-07-25

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